暑假自学课第14讲第14讲 Unit 4 Time to celebrate 语法（讲义）-2026-2027学年外研版英语七年级上册

新初一暑假自学课 外研2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第14讲 Unit 4 Time to celebrate — 语法 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新七年级（小升初） ⊙ 教材版本：外研2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：学习一般过去时的构成和用法以及频率副词的分类与位置 Part 1 温故知新 —— 小学过去时基础回顾 同学们在小学已经学过了be动词的过去式和一些基础过去时表达。先来回顾一下！ 一、be动词的过去式 主语 现在时 过去时 I am was He / She / It is was We / You / They are were 二、小学已学常用动词过去式 原形 过去式 中文 do did 做 go went 去 have had 有/吃 eat ate 吃 see saw 看见 say said 说 三、小学已学时间表达 表示过去的时间标志词： 英语 中文 yesterday 昨天 last night 昨晚 last week 上周 just now 刚才 Part 2 习新知法 —— 一般过去时与频率副词全解 一、一般过去时 The Simple Past Tense 1. be动词的过去式 be动词过去式：was / were 主语 be动词（过去） 否定式 I was was not (wasn't) He / She / It was was not (wasn't) We were were not (weren't) You were were not (weren't) They were were not (weren't) 2. 实义动词的一般过去时 规则动词过去式变化规则： 1. 一般情况下直接加-ed：work → worked, play → played 2. 以不发音e结尾的加-d：live → lived, like → liked 3. 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-ed：study → studied, carry → carried 4. 重读闭音节结尾，双写尾字母再加-ed：stop → stopped, plan → planned 常见不规则动词过去式： 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 go went come came eat ate have / has had see saw do / does did make made take took say said tell told buy bought get got give gave meet met is / am was are were 3. 一般过去时的否定句和疑问句 否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 例：I didn't go to school yesterday. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形? 例：Did you watch TV last night? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形? 例：What did you do yesterday? 二、频率副词 Adverbs of Frequency 1. 频率副词列表 频率副词 频率 中文 always 100% 总是，一直 usually 80% 通常 often 60% 经常 sometimes 40% 有时 seldom 20% 很少 never 0% 从不 2. 频率副词的句中位置 位置规则：频率副词放在be动词之后，实义动词之前。 结构 例句 be + 频率副词 He is always happy. They are never late. 频率副词 + 实义动词 I often read books. She sometimes goes shopping. 情态动词 + 频率副词 + 动词原形 I can always get good grades. You should never give up. 3. 频率副词提问 对频率副词提问用How often： 例：How often do you visit your grandparents? 回答：Once a week. / Twice a month. / Every day. / Usually. 三、过去时间表达 时间短语 中文 例句 yesterday 昨天 I visited my grandma yesterday. last week 上周 We had a test last week. ... ago ……之前 He left two hours ago. in + 过去年份 在某年 She was born in 2010. this morning 今早 I ate breakfast this morning. in the past 在过去 In the past, life was different. 五、重点词汇精讲 以下单词是Unit 4的核心词汇，不仅要认识，还要会用。 1. yesterday “昨天” — 一般过去时标志词 搭配：yesterday morning / the day before yesterday 例句：I visited my grandmother yesterday. 例句：What did you do yesterday? 练习：She was not at school ______.（昨天） 2. ago “……以前” — 放在时间段后面 搭配：时间段 + ago 例句：I saw him two days ago. 例句：She left ten minutes ago. 练习：He called me an hour ______.（以前） 3. last “上一个” — 一般过去时标志词 搭配：last night / last week / last year 例句：We had a party last weekend. 例句：I was busy last week. 练习：They played football ______ Sunday.（上周日） 4. never “从不” — 频率0%，反义词 always 位置：放在be动词后、实义动词前 例句：I never eat junk food. 例句：She is never late for school. 练习：He ______ plays computer games on weekdays.（从不） 5. once “一次；曾经” — twice两次，three times三次 搭配：once a week / once upon a time / at once 例句：I visit my grandparents once a month. 例句：Once upon a time, there was an old man. 练习：We have English class ______ a week.（一次） Part 3 基础巩固 一、写出下列动词的过去式 (1) work → ______ (2) study → ______ (3) stop → ______ (4) like → ______ (5) go → ______ (6) have → ______ (7) eat → ______ (8) see → ______ (9) buy → ______ (10) take → ______ 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1) I ______ (go) to Beijing last summer. (2) She ______ (visit) her grandparents yesterday. (3) They ______ (not play) football last weekend. (4) ______ you ______ (watch) TV last night? (5) My mother ______ (cook) dinner an hour ago. (6) We ______ (have) a good time at the party. (7) He ______ (be) late for school this morning. (8) ______ she ______ (do) her homework yesterday? 三、单项选择 1. — ______ did you go yesterday? — I went to the library. A. What B. Where C. When D. How 2. My brother ______ to school by bus every day. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 3. I ______ my homework last night. A. do B. does C. did D. doing 4. She ______ late for class this morning. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. — How often do you exercise? — I exercise ______ a week. A. two B. twice C. second D. two times 6. We ______ football yesterday because it rained. A. don't play B. didn't play C. not played D. didn't played Part 4 提高挑战 一、改错题 (1) I go to the park yesterday. ______ → ______ (2) She didn't went to school today. ______ → ______ (3) Was you at home last night? ______ → ______ (4) He don't like vegetables. ______ → ______ (5) We always are happy. ______ → ______ (6) How often do you goes to the library? ______ → ______ 二、按要求改写句子 (1) I visited my grandparents last week.（改为否定句） I ______ ______ my grandparents last week. (2) She went to Shanghai yesterday.（改为一般疑问句） ______ she ______ to Shanghai yesterday? (3) They played basketball after school.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they ______ after school? (4) He often reads books in the library.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ he read books in the library? (5) I was late for school because I got up late.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ you late for school? 三、完形填空 阅读短文，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案： Last weekend, my family and I (1) ______ a picnic in the park. We (2) ______ up early in the morning. My mother (3) ______ some food and drinks. My father (4) ______ the car. We (5) ______ a great time together. I (6) ______ want to go there again! (1) A. have B. had C. has (2) A. get B. gets C. got (3) A. prepare B. prepared C. prepares (4) A. wash B. washes C. washed (5) A. have B. had C. has (6) A. always B. seldom C. never 四、书面表达 My Last Festival 请以“My Last Festival”为题，用一般过去时写一篇不少于6句话的短文，介绍你上一个节日是怎么度过的。 提示：用上 last..., go, have, eat, see, visit, have a good time 等词汇。 ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Part 5 本讲总结 一般过去时口诀 过去时态很好记，动词变化有规律； 一般情况加-ed，以e结尾只加d； 辅音+y改y为i再加ed，重读闭音双写尾字母； 特殊变化要牢记，go-went, eat-ate, see-saw等。 频率副词口诀 频率副词表频率，从高到低要牢记； always总是100%，usually通常80%； often经常60%，sometimes有时40%； seldom很少20%，hardly几乎不5%； never从不0%，位于be后实前。 时间表达短语 last week, last year, yesterday, the day before yesterday, two days ago, three years ago, in the past, in 2023, this morning 参考答案 Part 3 基础巩固 一、写出下列动词的过去式： (1) worked (2) studied (3) stopped (4) liked (5) went (6) had (7) ate (8) saw (9) bought (10) took 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空： (1) went 【解析】last summer过去时。 (2) visited 【解析】yesterday过去时。 (3) didn't play 【解析】否定句用didn't + 原形。 (4) Did; watch 【解析】一般疑问句Did + 原形。 (5) cooked 【解析】an hour ago过去时。 (6) had 【解析】过去时。 (7) was 【解析】this morning过去时。 (8) Did; do 【解析】一般疑问句Did + 原形。 三、单项选择： 1. B 【解析】回答地点，用Where提问。 2. B 【解析】every day一般现在时，主语三单加s。 3. C 【解析】last night过去时。 4. C 【解析】this morning过去时，主语She用was。 5. B 【解析】twice a week一周两次。 6. B 【解析】否定句 didn't + 动词原形。 Part 4 提高挑战 一、改错题： (1) go → went 【解析】yesterday过去时。 (2) went → go 【解析】didn't后跟动词原形。 (3) Was → Were 【解析】主语you用Were。 (4) don't → doesn't 【解析】主语He三单。 (5) always are → are always 【解析】频率副词在be后。 (6) goes → go 【解析】助动词后的动词用原形。 二、按要求改写句子： (1) didn't visit (2) Did; go (3) What did; do (4) How often does (5) Why were 三、完形填空： (1) B 【解析】Last weekend过去时，have→had。 (2) C 【解析】过去时，get→got。 (3) B 【解析】过去时，prepare→prepared。 (4) C 【解析】过去时，wash→washed。 (5) B 【解析】过去时，have→had。 (6) A 【解析】很喜欢想再去，always。 四、书面表达（参考范文）： My Last Festival Last Spring Festival was very special. My family got together and had a big dinner. My mother cooked delicious food. My father and I decorated the house. We ate dumplings and watched TV. I got some red packets from my grandparents. We all had a good time. I always love the Spring Festival! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $