专项08 阅读理解（专项训练）四升五年级英语暑假专项提升（译林版三起新教材）

**基本信息** 以“技巧-精练”双模块构建体系，聚焦阅读解题全流程方法，适配小学英语暑假专项突破，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|----|----|----| |答题技巧|6类核心技巧（含做题顺序、5大题型解法）|先题后文定位法、细节题原句比对、图表信息直选等可操作技巧|从通用策略到题型专项解法，形成“技巧-应用-避坑”递进链条| |知识精练|6篇分层阅读材料（短文/图表/海报等）|通过典例强化技巧迁移，覆盖选择/判断/填空等题型|以真实情境材料承载方法应用，培养信息提取与逻辑推理能力|

专题08 阅读理解 01 答题技巧 02 知识精练 答题技巧 一、做题顺序：先题后文，带着问题找答案 1. 先快速看题目和选项，圈关键词：人名、数字、颜色、地点、疑问词（what/where/who/how）。 2. 带着关键词读短文，不用逐词翻译，找对应句子即可。 二、细节题（选择、填空）：定位原文，找原句 1. 答案基本都在原文里，题干关键词→回文定位→找原句 / 近义词。 2. 重点核对：数字、颜色、地点、人物、动作，和原文一致就选。 3. 填空题：直接抄原文单词，注意单复数、大小写。 三、判断正误（T/F）：逐句对照，抓细节 1. 逐句读题干，回文找对应句子，对比意思是否完全一样。 2. 常见错误：数字错、地点错、人物错、动作错、偷换单词（如 in→on）。 3. 原文没提到的内容，选F。 四、图表 / 图片题：看图找信息，直接匹配 1. 先看标题、图例、表头，再看问题。 2. 答案直接在图里：数字、物品、区域、颜色，不用猜。 五、排除法：不会做就用，提高正确率 1. 排除和原文相反、无关、常识错误的选项。 2. 排除绝对词（all/only/every），三年级一般不选。 六、避坑要点 1. 不认识的单词不用慌，看上下文猜意思，不影响做题。 2. 不脑补、不自己加内容，原文没写的就是错的。 3. 做完检查：答案和原文对应、拼写正确、不粗心看错。 小试牛刀 1、 阅读理解： A.阅读短文，选出最佳选项。 Ding, Zhang and Xu are good friends. They are 11 years old. They get the 18th Song Qingling Children's Invention Award(第18届宋庆龄少儿发明奖). The three friends like Science. They study hard at school and enjoy making things. And they want to make a smart medicine case（智能药盒） for old people. The case can do many things. There is a box to put medicine in. There is a clock on the box too. It can also help old people get the right medicine at the right time. "Helping people is great fun!" They also thank the teacher for helping them. ( )1. The three friends are _______. A. students B. teachers C. doctors ( )2. What can the smart medicine case do? A. Make old people happy. B. Help old people take medicine. C. Buy medicine for old people ( )3. Who helps the three friends to make the case? A. Their friends. B. The teacher. C. Some old people. ( )4. Where can we read the passage? A. B. C. 5. 根据实际情况回答：What do you like to do with your friends? _______________________________________________________ B.阅读理解： Hello！My name is Lily. There are three floors in my house. My bedroom is on the second floor. There is a bed, a desk and a chair in it. Hello! My name is Ben. There is only one floor in my house. My bedroom is beside the kitchen（厨房）. There is a bed, a bookshelf and a desk in it. I’m Mary. There are two floors in my house. My bedroom is on the first floor. It is between the kitchen and the study. It is pink. There is a bed and a closet（衣柜）in it. 任务一：阅读短文内容，将人物与其对应的房间连线。 1. 2. 3. A. B. C. 任务二: 阅读短文，选择合适的选项。 （ ）1. Lily and Ben both have _________________ in their bedrooms. A. a bed and a chair B. a bed and a bookshelf C. a bed and a desk （ ）2. Where is the study in Mary’s house? A. Beside the kitchen. B. Beside the bedroom. C. On the second Floor. C.阅读理解：阅读海报，完成下面两项任务。 What Is Road Safety Week? Road Safety Week 4.13(Mon.)~4.19(Sun.) It can help us to think about how to keep safe on the road. Walk On The Zebra Crossing There are lots of safe places to cross a road. A zebra crossing has white stripes(条纹) like a zebra. Cars should stop for people on a zebra crossing. 任务一：阅读图片，在括号内填入匹配规则的序号。 A. Don't run on the road. B. Don’t play football on the road. C. Don’t read on the road. D. Don’t ride a bike with headphones. （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） 任务二：阅读海报，选出最佳选项并回答问题。 （ ）1. When is Road Safety Week? A. From Monday to Saturday B. From Monday to Sunday C. From Monday to Friday （ ）2. What does a zebra crossing look like? A. B. C. （ ）3. What can you learn from the poster(海报)? A. Wait for the green traffic lights. B. Wear a helmet when riding. C. Walk on the zebra crossing. D.阅读短文，完成任务。 Do you go to school by bus? It is very important（重要的） for you to know how to be safe when taking a bus. First, don't run to the bus stop, but walk. While you are at the bus stop, you should wait in a safe place. Do not run or play while waiting. Second, don't talk in a loud voice when you are on the bus, so the driver（司机） will not be disturbed（打扰）. If you need to talk with the bus driver, you'd better wait until（直到） the bus stops. Never throw things on the bus or out of the windows. Third, don't play near the emergency exit（紧急出口）. When there is a fire, the most important thing is to break（打碎） the window with a hammer（铁锤） and then jump out. Fourth, after you are getting off the bus, stay away from the bus wheels（车轮） and watch out for moving cars（来往车辆）! If you leave（遗忘） something on the bus, you can't return to the bus, because the driver may not see you and he may begin moving the bus. It's dangerous. （一）根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。 ( ) 1. The writer talks about "how to be safe when taking a bus" from ______ parts（部分）. A. three B. four C. five ( ) 2. Which of the following is dangerous when we are at the bus stop? A. Talking at the bus stop. B. Running at the bus stop. C. Reading at the bus stop. ( ) 3. Why can't we talk loudly on the bus? A. Because it will disturb the driver. B. Because the passengers（乘客） will not sleep well. C. Because we should read quietly on the bus. ( ) 4. When there is a fire in the bus, we should ______ A. sit quietly B. break the window and jump out C. stay on the bus and wait ( ) 5. What does the underlined（画线的） word "return" mean? A. 朝…… 喊 B. 离开 C. 返回 （二）根据短文内容，补全句子。（不限一词） If you need to ______ the bus driver, you had better ______ until the bus ______. The driver may not ______ and he may begin ______ the bus, so it's ______ to return to the bus. E.阅读短文，完成任务。 张亮今天统计了四年级 6 班的同学们每天上学的出行方式，并随机选了班里的几位同学进行采访。请你根据统计图和采访信息，回答问题。 Zhang Liang: Hello, Wang Hao! How do you go to school every day? Wang Hao: Hi, Zhang Liang! I go to school by bike. I choose it because it’s fast, and I can ride with my friend on the way. Zhang Liang: That’s great! What about you, Gu Ze? Gu Ze: I go to school by bus. My home is far from school, so taking the bus is very convenient for me. Zhang Liang: I see. Hello, Chen Lili! How do you get to school? Chen Lili: Hello! I walk to school. My home is near our school, and walking is good exercise for my body. Zhang Liang: Wow! Your ways to go to school are all great with good reasons. Thank you for telling me! （1） 阅读图表，判断正（T）误（F）。 ( ) 1. There are forty-two students in Class 6. ( ) 2. Wang Hao goes to school by bus. ( ) 3. Gu Ze chooses to take the bus because his home is far from school. ( ) 4. Chen Lili walks to school and thinks it’s good exercise. ( ) 5. All students go to school in the same way. ( ) 6. Zhang Liang thinks his classmates’ ways to go to school are great. （2） 根据图表信息，帮助张亮完成调查报告。 There are ______ students in my class. They go to school in ______ ways. ______ students go to school on ______. Eight students go to school ______ ______. Ten students go to school by car and three ones go to school by ______. ______ students go to school by bike. F.阅读材料，完成任务。 星期日的晚上，张亮一家人一起出去吃了顿大餐。下图是他们的结账单，请你根据账单信息，完成任务。 （1） 根据材料，判断正（T）误（F）。 ( ) 1. Zhang Liang’s family are in a Western restaurant. ( ) 2. Zhang Liang’s father wants some orange juice. ( ) 3. Zhang Liang would like some spring rolls. ( ) 4. They order three bowls of noodles. ( ) 5. The chrysanthemum greens are extremely delicious. （二）根据材料信息，帮助张亮完成今天的日记。 Today is Sunday. My family goes to a Chinese r______ near the park for dinner. There are lots of delicious foods here, and we o______ many tasty dishes. Dad wants some n______ , but I don't like them. I want some jiaozi and a glass of ______ . I also love spring rolls. They are really delicious. Mom looks at the m carefully and orders some of her favorite dishes. We all have a great time e together as a family! 参考答案与解析 A.阅读短文，选出最佳选项。 1.A 【解析】 文中提到 “They are 11 years old.” 以及 “They study hard at school”，说明这三位朋友是在校学生。 2.B. 【解析】 文中提到智能药盒 “can help old people get the right medicine at the right time”，也就是帮助老人按时、按量服药。 3.B. 【解析】 文中最后一句明确提到 “They also thank the teacher for helping them.”，说明是老师帮助了他们。 4.A 【解析】 这篇文章介绍了三位少年获奖的新闻事件，这类内容最常出现在报纸（NEWSPAPER）上，而不是故事书或信件中。 5.I like making things and doing experiments with my friends. / I like playing sports and reading books with my friends. （根据个人实际情况回答即可，描述和朋友一起做的活动。） B.阅读理解： 任务一：阅读短文内容，将人物与其对应的房间连线。 Lily → 图 C（三层楼，卧室在二楼，有床、书桌、椅子） Ben → 图 A（一层楼，卧室在厨房旁边，有床、书架、书桌） Mary → 图 B（两层楼，卧室在一楼，厨房和书房之间，粉色，有床、衣柜） 任务二: 阅读短文，选择合适的选项。 1.C. 【解析】 Lily 的卧室：There is a bed, a desk and a chair in it.（有床、书桌、椅子） Ben 的卧室：There is a bed, a bookshelf and a desk in it.（有床、书架、书桌） 两人卧室里都有的物品是床和书桌，所以选 C。 2.B. 【解析】 文中提到 Mary 的卧室：It is between the kitchen and the study.（卧室在厨房和书房之间），说明书房在卧室的旁边，所以选 B。 C.阅读理解：阅读海报，完成下面两项任务。 任务一：阅读图片，在括号内填入匹配规则的序号。 B → A → C → D 【解析】 第一张图（踢足球）：图中两个孩子在马路上踢足球，对应选项 B. Don’t play football on the road.（不要在马路上踢足球）。 第二张图（跑步）：图中孩子在马路上奔跑，对应选项 A. Don't run on the road.（不要在马路上奔跑）。 第三张图（看书）：图中孩子边走路边看书，对应选项 C. Don’t read on the road.（不要在马路上看书）。 第四张图（骑车戴耳机）：图中孩子戴着耳机骑车，对应选项 D. Don’t ride a bike with headphones.（不要戴着耳机骑车）。 任务二：阅读海报，选出最佳选项并回答问题。 1. B 【解析】文中提到 Road Safety Week 4.13(Mon.)~4.19(Sun.)，说明交通安全周是从周一（Monday）到周日（Sunday），所以选 B. From Monday to Sunday。 2. B 【解析】文中提到 A zebra crossing has white stripes like a zebra.，说明斑马线的条纹和斑马的条纹一样，所以选代表斑马的选项 B。 3. C 【解析】海报的第二部分标题为 Walk On The Zebra Crossing，明确提到了要走斑马线。A、B 选项的内容在海报中没有出现，所以选 C. Walk on the zebra crossing.。 D.阅读短文，完成任务。 （一）根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。 1. B 【解析】文中用 First、Second、Third、Fourth 共 4 个部分 介绍了乘坐公交车的安全规则，所以选 B。 2. B 【解析】文中提到 Do not run or play while waiting，说明在公交站奔跑是危险的行为，所以选 B。 3. A 【解析】文中提到 don't talk in a loud voice when you are on the bus, so the driver will not be disturbed，说明大声说话会打扰司机，所以选 A。 4. B 【解析】文中提到 When there is a fire, the most important thing is to break the window with a hammer and then jump out，说明发生火灾时要破窗跳出，所以选 B。 5. C 【解析】文中提到 If you leave something on the bus, you can't return to the bus，意思是如果东西落在车上，不能再回到车上，因此 return 的意思是 “返回”，所以选 C。 （二）根据短文内容，补全句子。（不限一词） 完整句子： If you need to talk with the bus driver, you had better wait until the bus stops. 【解析】文中原句 If you need to talk with the bus driver, you'd better wait until the bus stops，直接提取即可。 完整句子： The driver may not see you and he may begin moving the bus, so it's dangerous to return to the bus. 【解析】文中原句 because the driver may not see you and he may begin moving the bus. It's dangerous，按原文补全即可。 E.阅读短文，完成任务。 （一）判断题答案与解析 1. T 【解析】统计图数据为：by bus 8 人 + by car 10 人 + on foot 9 人 + by metro 3 人 + by bike 12 人 = 42 人，所以班级共有 42 名学生，表述正确。 2. F 【解析】Wang Hao 明确说 “I go to school by bike.”，他的上学方式是骑自行车，不是坐公交，表述错误。 3. T 【解析】Gu Ze 提到 “My home is far from school, so taking the bus is very convenient for me.”，说明他选公交是因为家离学校远，表述正确。 4. T 【解析】Chen Lili 说 “I walk to school... walking is good exercise for my body.”，说明她步行上学且认为这是很好的锻炼，表述正确。 5. F 【解析】统计图和采访信息显示，同学们的上学方式有 by bus、by car、on foot、by metro、by bike 多种，并非所有人都一样，表述错误。 6. T 【解析】Zhang Liang 最后说 “Your ways to go to school are all great with good reasons.”，说明他认为同学们的上学方式都很棒，表述正确。 （二）调查报告 完整句子： There are forty-two/42 students in my class. They go to school in five ways. Nine students go to school on foot. Eight students go to school by bus. Ten students go to school by car. Three students go to school by metro. Twelve/12 students go to school by bike. 【解析】 班级总人数：8+10+9+3+12=42，所以填 forty-two/42。 上学方式种类：统计图中共有 5 种（by bus, by car, on foot, by metro, by bike），所以填 five。 步行人数：统计图中 on foot 对应 9 人，所以填 Nine 和 foot。 坐公交人数：统计图中 by bus 对应 8 人，所以填 by bus。 坐地铁人数：统计图中 by metro 对应 3 人，所以填 metro。 骑自行车人数：统计图中 by bike 对应 12 人，所以填 Twelve/12。 F.阅读材料，完成任务。 （2） 根据材料，判断正（T）误（F）。 1. F 【解析】账单上的餐厅名为 “泡泡中餐馆”，对话里也提到了饺子、春卷等中式菜品，说明他们在中餐馆，不是西餐厅。 2. F 【解析】对话中爸爸说 I would like some noodles.，想要的是面条；张亮说 I want a glass of orange juice，橙汁是张亮点的，不是爸爸。 3. T 【解析】张亮说 I'd like some spring rolls too!，说明他确实想要春卷。 4. F 【解析】账单里只有2份面条，所以 “三碗面条” 的说法错误。 5. T 【解析】张亮说 Mum and Dad, try the fish and the chrysanthemum greens. They're delicious too.，说明他觉得油麦菜（chrysanthemum greens）很美味。 （二）根据材料信息，帮助张亮完成今天的日记。 完整句子： Today is Sunday. My family goes to a Chinese restaurant near the park for dinner. There are lots of delicious foods here, and we order many tasty dishes. Dad wants some noodles, but I don't like them. I want some jiaozi and a glass of orange juice. I also love spring rolls. They are really delicious. Mom looks at the menu carefully and orders some of her favorite dishes. We all have a great time eating together as a family! 【解析】 Chinese r____：结合 “中餐馆” 的信息，填 restaurant（餐馆）。 we o____ many tasty dishes：点单的动作，填 order（点）。 Dad wants some ____：爸爸点了面条，填 noodles（面条）。 a glass of ____：张亮点了橙汁，填 orange juice（橙汁）。 Mom looks at the m____ carefully：妈妈看的是菜单，填 menu（菜单）。 have a great time e____ together：固定搭配 have a great time doing sth.，结合场景是吃饭，填 eating（吃）。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $