Unit 1 Science Fiction 单元重点单词一遍过-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语单元词汇能力，通过派生词转换、语法填空及多义辨析三阶训练，系统构建词汇应用逻辑，提升语境中的语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |派生词梳理|16题|词性转换填空（形→副/名等）|基于构词法，建立“形容词-副词-名词”等词性派生链条| |单句语法填空|17题（含5道真题改编）|结合阅读/写作语境的词形变化与固定搭配|链接词汇与语法应用，强化“词汇-句子-语篇”的语境适配| |一词多义|10组（2-3小题/组）|语境词义辨析（如nail作n.指甲/钉子，v.钉牢）|通过多语境对比，揭示“一词多义”的语义关联与场景差异|

XB4U1 Science Fiction Round1派生词梳理 1. ridiculous adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 → _________________ adv. 可笑地；荒谬地 2. guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 → __________ n. 犯罪，过失；内疚 → __________ adv. 内疚地；有罪地 3. suspend vt. 悬挂；暂停；暂缓 → _____________ n. 悬浮；暂停；停职 → _____________ adj. 暂停的；悬而不决的；可疑的 4. dismiss vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 → _____________ n. 解雇；摈弃；轻视 5. declare vt. 表明；宣称；→ ______________ n. 宣布；公告；申诉书 → ______________ adj. 宣言的；陈述的 6. presume vt. & vi. 假设；假定 → ______________ n. 推测；（法律上）假定 → ______________ adj. 假定的 7. calculate vt. 计算；核算 → ______________ n. 计算 → ______________ adj. 计算的；精明的 8. blurred adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的 → ______________ vt. 使变模糊 n. 污迹；模糊不清的事物 9. superior adj. 更好的；占优势的 → ______________ n. 优势；优越性 → ______________ adv. 卓越地 10. hazy adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 → ___________ adv. 模糊地；朦胧地 → __________ n. 模糊，朦胧 11. division n. 分开；分隔；差异；除（法） → ___________ v. 划分；除；使产生分歧 12. urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促 → ______________ n. 紧急；催促 → ______________ adv. 迫切地；紧急地 13. random adj. 随机的 → ______________ adv. 随机地 → _________________ n. 随意 14. maximum adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 → ______________ vt. 使增加到最大限度；最大限度地利用 → __________________ n. 最大化 15. explode vi. & vt. 爆炸 → ______________ n. 爆炸；激增；爆发 → ______________ adj. 爆炸的；爆发性的 16. stun vt. 使震惊；使昏迷 → ______________ adj. 极吸引人的；令人震惊的 → ______________ adv. 绝妙地；令人震惊地；使人目瞪口呆地 Round2 单句语法填空 1. Some science fiction plots are so imaginative that they may appear_____________(ridiculous) outlandish, but it’s this very creativity that allows the genre to explore the limits of human imagination and possibility. [应用文写作·科幻作品] 2. With every step he took towards the truth, a ______________(guilt) voice within him screamed to turn back, to bury the secrets and avoid the pain of confession. [读后续写·人物描写] 3. The upper gallery, ______________(suspend) high in the air, unwraps in a clockwise turning order and ends at “in-position” viewing of the city of Nanjing in the distance. [2025届T8联考] 4. The ______________(dismiss) of scientific plausibility in some science fictions allows for the exploration of imaginative and fantastical concepts that push the boundaries of our understanding. [应用文写作·科幻作品] 5. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ______________(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. [2019全国卷Ⅱ] 6. Her initial ________________(presume) of being unwelcome in the group was quickly dispelled as she discovered the members’ genuine warmth and acceptance. [读后续写·人物描写] 7. The science fiction film explores a future where advanced AI systems perform complex ________________(calculate) at lightning speed. [应用文写作·科幻作品] 8. Then Dumbledore’s face, which was still ___________(blur) and misted, came closer. [读后续写·人物描写] 9. ①In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even ________________(superior). [2016浙江卷·阅读A] ②The human mind will always be _________________(superior) machines because machines are only tools of human minds. [应用文写作·科技发展] 10. He whipped around and saw Moaning Myrtle floating ______________(hazy) in front of him, gazing at him through her thick, pearly glasses. [读后续写·人物描写] 11. Students were further ______________(divide) into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion. [2023新高考I卷·阅读D改编] 12. ①With sea levels rising ever more quickly, solutions are __________(urge) needed. [应用文写作·环境保护] ②Environmental activists are urging the public ________________(reduce) their carbon footprint by adopting more sustainable lifestyles. [应用文写作·环境保护] 13. ①They were ______________(random) divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. [2021全国乙卷·阅读D] ②I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf ____ random. [读后续写·动作描写] 14. Minimize impact and ________________(maximum) experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷·七选五] 15. To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill, or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup ____________(explosion) on your tongue. [2023新高考I卷·改编] 16. The novel’s ___________(stun) portrayal of advanced AI showcased both its promise and potential dangers. [应用文写作·环境保护] Round 3 一词多义，根据语境写出词性及中文意思 1. ①She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus. _________________ ②We felt we might finish third. Any better would be a bonus. _________________ 2. ①That’s one of my core values, integrity. _________________ ②Separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation. _________________ 3. ①It wounded his dignity, and he locked himself up in silence. _________________ ②The dignity of the occasion was spoilt when she fell down the steps. _________________ 4. ①I have an appointment with the dentist this afternoon. _________________ ②There has been a mixed reaction to her appointment as director. _________________ 5. ①Many woman have long nails for beauty. _________________ ②He hammered the nail in the wood. _________________ ③Nail the boards onto the fence posts and they will make a good fence. _________________ 6. ①So we had to find a way to rule out aliens. _________________ ②Which in turn increased his sense of being alien and alone. _________________ ③Is there alien life out there? _________________ 7. ①There’s also a control panel in the kitchen. _________________ ②He assembled a panel of scholars to advise him. _________________ 8. ①The magician vanished in a puff of smoke. _________________ ②The hill was very steep and I soon ran out of puff. _________________ 9. ①Students must be paid for hours worked on a weekly basis. _________________ ②I saw three or four places where they wanted to receive the weekly on a regular basis. _____________ 10. ①I’m going to take over the company one day. _________________ ②Try not to let negative thoughts take over. _________________ 答案 Round1派生词梳理 1. ridiculous adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 → ridiculously adv. 可笑地；荒谬地 2. guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 → guilt n. 犯罪，过失；内疚 → guiltily adv. 内疚地；有罪地 3. suspend vt. 悬挂；暂停；暂缓 → suspension n. 悬浮；暂停；停职 → suspensive adj. 暂停的；悬而不决的；可疑的 4. dismiss vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 → dismissal n. 解雇；摈弃；轻视 5. declare vt. 表明；宣称；→ declaration n. 宣布；公告；申诉书 → declarative adj. 宣言的；陈述的 6. presume vt. & vi. 假设；假定 → presumption n. 推测；（法律上）假定 → presumptive adj. 假定的 7. calculate vt. 计算；核算 → calculation n. 计算 → calculative adj. 计算的；精明的 8. blurred adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的 → blur vt. 使变模糊 n. 污迹；模糊不清的事物 9. superior adj. 更好的；占优势的 → superiority n. 优势；优越性 → superiorly adv. 卓越地 10. hazy adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 → hazily adv. 模糊地；朦胧地 → haziness n. 模糊，朦胧 11. division n. 分开；分隔；差异；除（法） → divide v. 划分；除；使产生分歧 12. urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促 → urgency n. 紧急；催促 → urgently adv. 迫切地；紧急地 13. random adj. 随机的 → randomly adv. 随机地 → randomness n. 随意 14. maximum adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 → maximize vt. 使增加到最大限度；最大限度地利用 → maximization n. 最大化 15. explode vi. & vt. 爆炸 → explosion n. 爆炸；激增；爆发 → explosive adj. 爆炸的；爆发性的 16. stun vt. 使震惊；使昏迷 → stunning adj. 极吸引人的；令人震惊的 → stunningly adv. 绝妙地；令人震惊地；使人目瞪口呆地 Round2 单句语法填空 1. Some science fiction plots are so imaginative that they may appear ridiculously (ridiculous) outlandish, but it’s this very creativity that allows the genre to explore the limits of human imagination and possibility. [应用文写作·科幻作品] 2. With every step he took towards the truth, a guilty (guilt) voice within him screamed to turn back, to bury the secrets and avoid the pain of confession. [读后续写·人物描写] 3. The upper gallery, suspended (suspend) high in the air, unwraps in a clockwise turning order and ends at “in-position” viewing of the city of Nanjing in the distance. [2025届T8联考] 4. The dismissal (dismiss) of scientific plausibility in some science fictions allows for the exploration of imaginative and fantastical concepts that push the boundaries of our understanding. [应用文写作·科幻作品] 5. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. [2019全国卷Ⅱ] 6. Her initial presumption (presume) of being unwelcome in the group was quickly dispelled as she discovered the members’ genuine warmth and acceptance. [读后续写·人物描写] 7. The science fiction film explores a future where advanced AI systems perform complex calculations (calculate) at lightning speed. [应用文写作·科幻作品] 8. Then Dumbledore’s face, which was still blurred (blur) and misted, came closer. [读后续写·人物描写] 9. ①In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (superior). [2016浙江卷·阅读A] ②The human mind will always be superior to (superior) machines because machines are only tools of human minds. [应用文写作·科技发展] 10. He whipped around and saw Moaning Myrtle floating hazily (hazy) in front of him, gazing at him through her thick, pearly glasses. [读后续写·人物描写] 11. Students were further divided (divide) into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion. [2023新高考I卷·阅读D改编] 12. ①With sea levels rising ever more quickly, solutions are urgently (urge) needed. [应用文写作·环境保护] ②Environmental activists are urging the public to reduce (reduce) their carbon footprint by adopting more sustainable lifestyles. [应用文写作·环境保护] 13. ①They were randomly (random) divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. [2021全国乙卷·阅读D] ②I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. [读后续写·动作描写] 14. Minimize impact and maximize (maximum) experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷·七选五] 15. To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill, or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode (explosion) on your tongue. [2023新高考I卷·改编] 16. The novel’s stunning (stun) portrayal of advanced AI showcased both its promise and potential dangers. Round 3 一词多义，根据语境写出词性及中文意思 1. ①She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus. n.奖金 ②We felt we might finish third. Any better would be a bonus. n.意外收获 2. ①That’s one of my core values, integrity. n.诚实正直 ②Separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation. n.完整 3. ①It wounded his dignity, and he locked himself up in silence. n.尊严 ②The dignity of the occasion was spoilt when she fell down the steps. n.庄重；庄严 4. ①I have an appointment with the dentist this afternoon. n.预约 ②There has been a mixed reaction to her appointment as director. n.任命 5. ①Many women have long nails for beauty. n.指甲 ②He hammered the nail in the wood. n.钉子 ③Nail the boards onto the fence posts and they will make a good fence. v.（用钉子）钉牢；固定 6. ①So we had to find a way to rule out aliens. n.外星人 ②Which in turn increased his sense of being alien and alone. adj.陌生的 ③Is there alien life out there? adj.外星的 7. ①There’s also a control panel in the kitchen. n.控制板 ②He assembled a panel of scholars to advise him. n.专家咨询组 8. ①The magician vanished in a puff of smoke. n.（烟、气等的）一缕 ②The hill was very steep and I soon ran out of puff. n.喘息 9. ①Students must be paid for hours worked on a weekly basis. adj.每周的 ②I saw three or four places where they wanted to receive the weekly on a regular basis. n.周刊 10. ①I’m going to take over the company one day. v.接管；接手 ②Try not to let negative thoughts take over. v.占上风 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $