Unit 12 Lesson 3 Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies（知识清单&检测）2025-2026学年八年级英语下册（新教材仁爱科普版）

该初中英语知识清单围绕Unit 12 Lesson 3的文学主题，系统梳理词汇、短语、句型及语法知识。从基础单词（如snowy, punish）和短语（如come up with, prevent sb. from doing sth.）入手，过渡到重点句型（如find sb. doing sth., if条件状语从句），最终深化一般过去时、形容词作状语等语法应用，构建从语言输入到输出的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-短语-句型-语法”递进，通过重难点词汇辨析（如dead/die/death/dying）、句型结构解析（如感叹句、不定式否定）及阅读策略提示，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。每个知识点配套实例，帮助学生掌握科学学习方法，提升学习效率与跨文化理解能力。

Unit 12 The Wonderland of Literature Lesson 3 Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 知识清单 单词 音标 中文释义 snowy /ˈsnəʊi/ adj. 下雪的；被雪覆盖的 hungry /ˈhʌŋɡri/ adj. 饥饿的 punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 处罚；惩罚 perhaps /pəˈhæps/ adv. 也许；可能 dead /ded/ adj. 死的；失去生命的 fox /fɒks/ n. 狐；狐狸 stork /stɔːk/ n. 鹳 strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 策略；方法 preview /ˈpriːvjuː/ v.&n. 预览；概述 soup /suːp/ n. 汤；羹 beak /biːk/ n. 鸟喙 jar /dʒɑː(r)/ n. 罐子；广口瓶 neck /nek/ n. 颈部；脖子 match /mætʃ/ n. 火柴；比赛 light /laɪt/ v. 点燃；点亮 adj. 轻的 disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ v. 消失；不见 snowy /ˈsnəʊi/ adj. 下雪的；被雪覆盖的 hungry /ˈhʌŋɡri/ adj. 饥饿的 短语 中文释义 短语 中文释义 come up with 想出；提出 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 warm sb. up 使某人暖和起来 go out 熄灭；出去 leave for 动身前往 prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 sell matches 卖火柴 in the street 在街上 in the light of 在…… 的光线下 invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人去某地 serve sth. in 用…… 盛放某物 lie against the wall 靠墙躺着 1.On a snowy and dark night, a little girl was selling matches in the street. 在一个风雪交加的夜晚，一个小女孩正在街上卖火柴。 2.She was cold and hungry. How she wanted to leave the place and go home! 她又冷又饿，多么想离开这里回家啊！ 3.She was afraid to leave the place and go home! 她不敢离开这里回家！ 4.If she did not sell all the matches, her father would punish her. 如果她卖不完所有的火柴，她的父亲会惩罚她。 5."Perhaps a burning match will warm me up," she thought. 她想：“或许一根点燃的火柴能让我暖和起来。” 6.However, they disappeared when the light went out. 然而，当火光熄灭时，它们都消失了。 7.The next morning, people found the girl lying against the wall, dead. 第二天早上，人们发现这个女孩靠墙躺着，已经死了。 8.One day, a fox invited a stork to his home for dinner. 一天，一只狐狸邀请一只鹳去他家吃晚饭。 9.The fox served the soup in a small dish. 狐狸用一个小盘子盛汤。 10.A few days later, the stork decided to leave for his home for dinner. 几天后，鹳决定邀请狐狸去他家吃晚饭。 11.The fox's small mouth prevented him from eating anything. 狐狸的小嘴让他什么也吃不到。 一、重难点词汇详解 1.punish 动词，核心搭配punish sb. for sth. 因某事惩罚某人。 词性拓展：punishment n. 惩罚；处罚。 2.dead /die /death /dying 辨析 dead：形容词，表 “死亡的”，强调状态，可作表语、定语或状语； die：动词，表 “死亡”，强调动作，是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用； death：名词，表 “死亡”； dying：形容词，表 “垂死的；临终的”。 3. prevent 动词，固定搭配prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事，介词from可省略。 同义结构：stop sb. (from) doing sth.；keep sb. from doing sth.（keep结构中from不可省略）。 4. come up with 固定短语，主语为人，表 “想出（主意、办法）；提出（建议）”，同义短语think up。 5. strategy 可数名词，复数形式为strategies（变 y 为 i 加 - es）。 核心搭配：reading strategies 阅读策略；learning strategies 学习策略。 6. perhaps 副词，表 “也许；可能”，语气比maybe正式，可置于句首、句中或句末。 二、重点句型结构解析 1.find sb. doing sth. 表 “发现某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语，强调动作正在进行。 例：I found her reading in the library. 2.invite sb. to sp. / to do sth. invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人去某地； invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。 3.if 引导的条件状语从句（过去时态） 本课时描述过去的假设情境，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时（would + 动词原形）。 例：If she didn't finish her homework, her mother would be angry. 4.how 引导的感叹句 How + 主语 + 谓语! 表强烈的情感，本课时用于表达小女孩渴望回家的心情。 例：How I miss my family! 三、语法知识点解析 1. 一般过去时（巩固深化） 本课时两篇寓言故事均讲述过去发生的事件，通篇使用一般过去时，需重点掌握以下不规则动词的过去式： sell→sold, light→lit/lighted, go→went, find→found, leave→left, think→thought, invite→invited, serve→served, decide→decided 时间状语标志：on a snowy night, the next morning, one day, a few days later 等。 2. 形容词作状语 形容词可置于句末，作伴随状语，补充说明主语的状态，而非修饰谓语动词。 例：The girl came home, tired and hungry.（小女孩回到家，又累又饿。） 3. 动词不定式的否定形式 be afraid to do sth. 的否定形式为be afraid not to do sth.（害怕不做某事）； be afraid of doing sth. 表 “担心会发生某事”，强调担心某种结果。 例：She was afraid of waking up her mother. 4. 介词 from 的用法 介词from后必须接名词、代词或动名词，本课时核心搭配： prevent sb. from doing sth., borrow sth. from sb., be different from 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 12 The Wonderland of Literature Lesson 3 Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 知识清单 单词 音标 中文释义 /ˈsnəʊi/ adj. 下雪的；被雪覆盖的 /ˈhʌŋɡri/ adj. 饥饿的 /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 处罚；惩罚 /pəˈhæps/ adv. 也许；可能 /ded/ adj. 死的；失去生命的 /fɒks/ n. 狐；狐狸 /stɔːk/ n. 鹳 /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 策略；方法 /ˈpriːvjuː/ v.&n. 预览；概述 /suːp/ n. 汤；羹 /biːk/ n. 鸟喙 /dʒɑː(r)/ n. 罐子；广口瓶 /nek/ n. 颈部；脖子 /mætʃ/ n. 火柴；比赛 /laɪt/ v. 点燃；点亮 adj. 轻的 /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ v. 消失；不见 /ˈsnəʊi/ adj. 下雪的；被雪覆盖的 /ˈhʌŋɡri/ adj. 饥饿的 短语 中文释义 短语 中文释义 想出；提出 害怕做某事 使某人暖和起来 熄灭；出去 动身前往 阻止某人做某事 卖火柴 在街上 在…… 的光线下 邀请某人去某地 用…… 盛放某物 靠墙躺着 1.On a snowy and dark night, a little girl was selling matches in the street. 在一个风雪交加的夜晚，一个小女孩正在街上卖火柴。 2.She was cold and hungry. How she wanted to leave the place and go home! 她又冷又饿，多么想离开这里回家啊！ 3.She was afraid to leave the place and go home! 她不敢离开这里回家！ 4.If she did not sell all the matches, her father would punish her. 如果她卖不完所有的火柴，她的父亲会惩罚她。 5."Perhaps a burning match will warm me up," she thought. 她想：“或许一根点燃的火柴能让我暖和起来。” 6.However, they disappeared when the light went out. 然而，当火光熄灭时，它们都消失了。 7.The next morning, people found the girl lying against the wall, dead. 第二天早上，人们发现这个女孩靠墙躺着，已经死了。 8.One day, a fox invited a stork to his home for dinner. 一天，一只狐狸邀请一只鹳去他家吃晚饭。 9.The fox served the soup in a small dish. 狐狸用一个小盘子盛汤。 10.A few days later, the stork decided to leave for his home for dinner. 几天后，鹳决定邀请狐狸去他家吃晚饭。 11.The fox's small mouth prevented him from eating anything. 狐狸的小嘴让他什么也吃不到。 一、重难点词汇详解 1.punish 动词，核心搭配punish sb. for sth. 因某事惩罚某人。 词性拓展：punishment n. 惩罚；处罚。 2.dead /die /death /dying 辨析 dead：形容词，表 “死亡的”，强调状态，可作表语、定语或状语； die：动词，表 “死亡”，强调动作，是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用； death：名词，表 “死亡”； dying：形容词，表 “垂死的；临终的”。 3. prevent 动词，固定搭配prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事，介词from可省略。 同义结构：stop sb. (from) doing sth.；keep sb. from doing sth.（keep结构中from不可省略）。 4. come up with 固定短语，主语为人，表 “想出（主意、办法）；提出（建议）”，同义短语think up。 5. strategy 可数名词，复数形式为strategies（变 y 为 i 加 - es）。 核心搭配：reading strategies 阅读策略；learning strategies 学习策略。 6. perhaps 副词，表 “也许；可能”，语气比maybe正式，可置于句首、句中或句末。 二、重点句型结构解析 1.find sb. doing sth. 表 “发现某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语，强调动作正在进行。 例：I found her reading in the library. 2.invite sb. to sp. / to do sth. invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人去某地； invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。 3.if 引导的条件状语从句（过去时态） 本课时描述过去的假设情境，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时（would + 动词原形）。 例：If she didn't finish her homework, her mother would be angry. 4.how 引导的感叹句 How + 主语 + 谓语! 表强烈的情感，本课时用于表达小女孩渴望回家的心情。 例：How I miss my family! 三、语法知识点解析 1. 一般过去时（巩固深化） 本课时两篇寓言故事均讲述过去发生的事件，通篇使用一般过去时，需重点掌握以下不规则动词的过去式： sell→sold, light→lit/lighted, go→went, find→found, leave→left, think→thought, invite→invited, serve→served, decide→decided 时间状语标志：on a snowy night, the next morning, one day, a few days later 等。 2. 形容词作状语 形容词可置于句末，作伴随状语，补充说明主语的状态，而非修饰谓语动词。 例：The girl came home, tired and hungry.（小女孩回到家，又累又饿。） 3. 动词不定式的否定形式 be afraid to do sth. 的否定形式为be afraid not to do sth.（害怕不做某事）； be afraid of doing sth. 表 “担心会发生某事”，强调担心某种结果。 例：She was afraid of waking up her mother. 4. 介词 from 的用法 介词from后必须接名词、代词或动名词，本课时核心搭配： prevent sb. from doing sth., borrow sth. from sb., be different from 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 12 The Wonderland of Literature Lesson 3 Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 一、短语汉译英 1.想出；提出 2.害怕做某事 3.使某人暖和起来 4.（火或灯光）熄灭 5.动身前往 6.阻止某人/某物做某事 二、根据句意或提示补全单词 1.We can have tomato and egg _________ /suːp/ for dinner. 2.The _________ (snow) night is very cold and quiet. 3.The giraffe has a long n_________ and looks very tall. 4.There are many clever _________ (fox) in the fable. 5.The little girl is cold and h_________ in the street. 6._________ /pəˈhæps/ we can use different reading strategies. 7.We should learn different reading _________ (strategy) for texts. 8.If you break the rules, your teacher will p_________ you. 9.The little girl was found _________ (die) in the cold morning. 10.The boy is _________ (create) and has many new ideas. 二、按要求完成句子 1.我们应该想出新的方法来分析人物性格。 We should ______ ______ ______ new ways to analyze characters' traits. 2.我们应该阻止孩子们在雪天独自出门。 We should ______ kids ______ going out alone on snowy days. 3.一杯热饮可以让你在寒冷的天气里暖和起来。 A hot drink can ______ ______ ______ in cold weather. 4.The little girl was afraid to sell matches in the street.（改为否定句） The little girl ______ ______ afraid to sell matches in the street. 5.连词成句：out, the, went, light, soon ________________________________________________. 三、语法选择 The Little Match Girl is a famous fairy tale by Andersen. On a 1. ______ cold night, a little girl was selling matches in the street. She was hungry and afraid to go home, 2. ______ her father would punish her if she didn't sell all the matches. She lit three matches to warm 3. ______ up. In the light of the matches, she saw delicious food and a beautiful Christmas tree. However, the light went 4. ______ soon. The next morning, people found the girl dead against the wall. This story touches many people's hearts. We can use different reading strategies 5. ______ the characters' traits better when we read it. ( )1.A. snow B. snowy C. snowed D. snowing ( )2.A. because B. so C. but D. or ( )3.A. her B. she C. herself D. hers ( )4.A. out B. away C. off D. up ( )5.A. analyze B. to analyze C. analyzing D. analyzed 四、阅读理解 Once upon a time, there were three little pigs who built houses out of different materials (材料). The first pig built his house out of straw, the second out of sticks, and the third out of bricks. One day, a big bad wolf came to the village. He first went to the house made of straw and blew it down with one huff (吹气). The first pig ran to the second pig’s house made of sticks, but the wolf blew that down too. The two pigs then ran to the third pig’s house made of bricks. The wolf tried to blow down the brick house, but he couldn’t. He huffed and puffed, but the house stood strong. Finally, the wolf gave up and went away. The three little pigs lived happily ever after in their brick house. ( )1. What materials did the three little pigs use to build their houses? A. Wood, glass and metal. B. Straw, sticks and bricks. C. Clay, stones and wood. D. Wood, sticks and bricks. ( )2. What happened to the three little pigs in the end? A. They were eaten by the wolf. B. They lived happily ever after in their brick house. C. They built a new house together out of metal. D. They left this village for a new place. ( )3. Who is this passage probably written for? A. Children. B. Inventors. C. Parents. D. Visitors. 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 12 The Wonderland of Literature Lesson 3 Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 一、短语汉译英 1.come up with 2.be afraid to do sth. 3.warm sb. up 4.go out 5.leave for 6.prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. 二、根据句意或提示补全单词 1.soup 2.snowy 3.neck 4.foxes 5.hungry 6.Perhaps 7.strategies 8.punish 9.dead 10.creative 三、按要求完成句子 1.come up with 2.prevent; from 3.warm you up 4.was not 5.The light went out soon. 四、语法选择 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 五、阅读理解 1.B 2.B 3.A 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $