内容正文:
专题02 动词(实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词)
目录导航
01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架,搭建知识体系
02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点,分层突破重难点
考点一 实义动词
知识点1 及物动词
知识点2及物动词
知识点3兼类动词(既可及物又可不及物)
知识点4延续性动词和非延续性动词
知识点5高考高频考点结构:感官动词、使役动词和感情色彩类动词的使用
考点二 系动词
知识点1 系动词概念与特点
知识点2 6类系动词核心功能
知识点3 系动词其它注意点
知识点4几组易混系动词的区别
知识点5 系动词的使用特点
知识点6 常见系动词错误及其成因
考点三 助动词
知识点1 助动词的概念和功能
知识点2 助动词的基本用法
知识点3 不可数名词
知识点3 6类系动词核心功能
知识点4 6类系动词核心功能
考点四 情态动词
知识点1 情态动词的概念和类别
知识点2 情态动词的基本用法
知识点3 情态动词的特殊用法
03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题,强化实战应用
知识脑图·核心脉络搭建
考点深研·知能分层突破
考点1 实义动词
按接宾语划分:及物动词、不及物动词,兼类动词(既可及物 / 不及物)。
知识点1及物动词
特点:必须接宾语,意义才完整;有被动语态。
类型
说明
例句
单宾语及物
接一个宾语
I love English.
双宾语及物
接间接宾语+直接宾语
He gave me a book.
复合宾语及物
接宾语+宾补
We elected him monitor.
高考高频双宾动词:give, send, pass, show, tell, teach, bring, offer, lend, hand, award, promise
高考高频宾补动词:elect, appoint, make, let, have, see, watch, hear, find, consider, call, name
知识点2不及物动词
特点:不接宾语,意义完整;无被动语态。
例词
例句
happen, occur, exist, rise, fall
The accident happened yesterday.
run, jump, swim, sleep, cry
He runs every morning.
arrive, come, go, leave, die
She arrived at 8 o'clock.
不及物动词+介词=及物动词短语(如 listen to, look at, wait for),此时有被动语态:The song is often listened to by students.
知识点3兼类动词(既可及物又可不及物)
动词
不及物用法
及物用法
run
He runs fast.(跑)
He runs a company.(经营)
grow
Rice grows well.(生长)
We grow rice.(种植)
turn
The wheel turns.(转动)
Turn the key.(转动)
open
The door opened.(开)
Open the door.(打开)
smell
The flower smells sweet.(闻起来)
I smell something burning.(闻到)
知识点4 延续性动词和非延续性
按动作时长划分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。多用于现在完成时、时态辨析、瞬间动作状语搭配。
1.延续性动词:动作可持续,可与表示一段时间的状语 (for, since, how long )连用。 例:live, work, study, keep, stay, know, love
2.非延续性动词(瞬间动词): 动作瞬间完成,不能和一段时间状语连用;若要连用,需转换为对应延续动词。 高频转换:
die → be dead leave → be away
buy → have borrow → keep
join → be in/be a member of
He has lived here for ten years.他在这儿住了十年了。
She has worked in this company since 2015.自2015年起她就在这家公司工作。
I have known him for a long time. 我认识他很长时间了。
You can keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
动词
正确例句
翻译
错误用法
die
He has been dead for two years. (或 He died two years ago.)
他已去世两年了。
❌ He has died for two years.
leave
He has been away from home for a week.
他离家一周了。
❌ He has left for a week.
borrow
I have kept the book for three days.
这本书我借了三天了。
❌ I have borrowed the book for three days.
buy
She has had the car since last year.
这辆车她从去年就有了。
❌ She has bought the car for a year.
知识点5 高考高频考点结构:感官动词、使役动词和感情色彩类动词的使用
1.感官动词的常见结构
1)感官动词
用来表示主词运用感觉器官动词去描述看见、听见、闻到、感觉什么东西/事物。
感官动词(及物动词)有:see/notice/look at/watch/observe/listen to/hear/feel (Vt)/taste (Vt)/smell (Vt)
see, hear, smell, taste, feel,这五个动词均可作连系动词,后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外,其它几个动词的主语往往是物,而不是人。(具体用法见本专题系动词讲解)
2)主语+感官动词+宾语+动词原形/现在分词
接动词原形,为表达事实I saw John leave the house.→ 强调John离开房子的事实
接现在分词,则表达动作正在进行I saw John leaving the house.→ 强调John正在离开房子
五看两听一感觉
look at/watch/see/notice/ observe 看
listen to/hear 听到
feel 感觉
smell 闻到
1. 被动句型
主语+see/hear/listen to+sb/sth+过去分词
I felt sad when I saw Peter punished by his teacher.
我看到彼得被老师处罚时感到很难过。
Bill noticed his cellphone used by someone else.
Bill注意到他的手机被其他人使用过。
Cindy noticed her hair cut by the hairstylist.
Cindy注意到她的头发被发型师给剪了。
2. 被动语态
主语+behold(看见)/observe(看到)/perceive(察觉)+宾语+being+过去分词
Judy behold the worm being caught by the bird.
Judy看到那只虫正在被那只鸟捕食。
The family watched their house being washed away by the flood.
那家人看到他们的房子正在被洪水冲走。
2.使役动词make/ let/ have/ get的常见结构
(1)have的用法
1)have sb do sth 让某人做某事(主动)
The rich lady had the singer eat with her servants.
这位富有的女士让这位歌手和她的仆人一起吃饭。
2)have sb doing sth 让某人持续做某事
I will have him come and help you.我会让他来帮助你的。
The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.这两个骗子让灯整晚亮着。
He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.昨天他让我们一直等了他三个小时。
3)have sth done 一 般指已经做过的事情
a表示请(让)别人做某事。如:
We had the machine repaired.我们请人修理了机器
b. 表示经历或遭遇某情况。如:
He had his finger cut.他的手指弄伤了.
c. 表示主动地完成某动作或解决某事。如:
I’ve had all my mistakes corrected.我已把所有的错误都改正过来了.
have 还有其他的形式
have sth to do (主动).have sth to do 主语和动作的执行者都是一个人 ,
have sth to be done (被动)表示说话的人并非是这个动作的执行者,而是让别人去做
I have something to be repaired.我有一些东西需要被(别人)修理.别人去修理,而非主语1
I have something to repaired.我有一些东西要去修理(我自己亲自修理)
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)
2. can’t/won’t have sb doing sth 不能让某人做某事
I can’t have Yonghui getting way with telling people lies.
I won’t have you speaking to you dad like that.
(2)get的用法
a.get sb to do sth= let/ make/ have sb do sth
The teacher gets us to read the text aloud.
老师让我们大声朗读课文。
b.get sth done= have sth done
Her son has been ill for days. She needs to get him examined in the hospital.
她儿子病了好几天了。她需要带他去医院检查一下。
c.get sb/ sth doing 使某人/某物开始行动起来
The captain got the soldier moving towards the front after a short rest.
短暂休息后,上尉让士兵向前线移动。
He managed to get the horse running.
他设法让马跑起来。
We couldn’t get the car starting.
我们无法让汽车发动起来。
d. get done 被.....
He got run by the car. 他被车撞了。
以上的感官动词和使役动词的被动结构要加不定式to
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
(3)动词leave,keep, set, find, catch 的宾补结构
sb/sth doing 让某人/某物一直处于某种状态
sth undone/untouched/ unfinished/ unsettled 留下某事未作
① Leave sb to do sth 让某人去做某事
sth to be done 留下某事要做
sb/sth (to be)+adj/n 留下某人/某物 ….
例句:
Leave your hat and coat in the hall.把帽子和外套放在大厅里。
Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?
Who left that window open?谁让窗户开着?
Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在外面雨中等待。
Leave somebody / something alone.不要干涉某人或某事。
② keep sb/sth doing 使某人一直做某事
sb/sth done 使某人/某物被….
Keep the engine running.
You should keep me informed of his whereabouts(行踪).
sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
③find sb/sth done 发现某人/某物已经….
sb/sth (to be)+adj/n 发现某人/某物 ….
We found him (to be) dishonest.
Often I found her quietly crying alone.
I found him buried in the novel. 我发现他在埋头读一本小说。
④catch sb doing sth 撞见某人正在做某事(往往是坏事)
I caught Tom cheating in the exam.
3. 感情色彩类动词
(1) 感情色彩类动词的现在分词(v-ing)与过去分词(v-ed)已经成为形容词,既可以作定语修饰名词,又可以在系动词后作表语。
(2)一般v-ing形式,表示“(某事或物)令人......的”,用来描述事物; 特殊情况也会修饰人:The amazing spider-man 超凡蜘蛛侠。
(3)过去分词(v-ed), 一般表示“(某人)感到......的”,用来修饰人,但有时也可描述人的:外貌( appearance); 脸(face); 声音(voice); 微笑(smile); 哭(cry); mood (心境;情绪)。
每一个感情色彩类动词都有一个特性,那就是可以变成两个形容词,一种是以ed结尾,一种是以ing结尾。两个形容词再加上它本身的动词,总共三个词,就可以造出三种不同的句子。
这部电影使我激动。
The movie excites me
.I am excited about the movie.
The movie is exciting.
This is an exciting movie.
阅读使我放松。
Reading relaxes me.
I am relaxed with reading.
Reading is relaxing.
写作时候可以换着结构使用以显示丰富句式。
(5) 常见感情色彩类动词及其派生词汇总
动词原形
中文意思
感到...的
令人感到...的
名词形式
annoy
使生气
annoyed
annoying
annoyance
amaze
使惊奇
amazed
amazing
amazement:
astonish
使震惊
astonished
astonishing
astonishment
bore
使乏味、厌烦
bored
boring
confuse
使困惑
confused
confusing
confusion
puzzle
使困惑
puzzled
puzzling
puzzle: n. 谜;不解之谜
delight
使高兴
delighted
delightful
delight
discourage
使气馁
discouraged
discouraging
Encourage
使有勇气
encouraged
encouraging
encouragement
fascinate
使着迷
fascinated
fascinating
frighten
使害怕
frightened
frightening
move
使感动
moved
moving
puzzle
使迷惑
puzzled
puzzling
relax
使放松
relaxed
relaxing
satisfy
使满足
satisfied
satisfying
satisfaction
scare
使惊恐
scared
scaring
shock
使震惊
shocked
shocking
surprise
使惊讶
surprised
surprising
surprise
terrify
使惊吓
terrified
terrifying
touch
使感动
touched
touching
worry
使担心
worried
worrying
worry
depress
使压抑
depressed
depressing
depression
disappoint
使失望
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
embarrass
使尴尬
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
excite
使兴奋
excited
exciting
excitement
exhaust
使疲惫
exhausted
exhausting
exhaustion
tire
使疲倦
tired
tiring
frustrate
使沮丧
frustrated
frustrating
frustration
inspire
使鼓舞
inspired
inspiring
inspiration
interest
使感兴趣
interested
be interested in
interesting
interest(s)
please
使愉悦
pleased
pleasant
pleasure
convince
使信服
convinced
convincing
irritate
使愤怒
irritated
irritating
irritation
move
使感动
moved
moving
satisfy
使满意
satisfied
satisfying:adj. 令人满意的
satisfactory
satisfaction
考点2 系动词
知识点1 系动词概念与特点
1) 概念:连系动词(link verb)是一个表示谓语关系的动词。它必须后接表语(通常为名词或形容词)。
2)特点:连系动词的功能主要是把表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)和它的主语联系在一起,说
明主语的属性、特征或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义,不能在句中独立作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。它是虚词。
2) 系动词分类:根据系动词后所跟结构,可以把英语系动词分为两大类:完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词,如be, seem)和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法,也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用,如look)
eg.①He looked sad at the news.(“看起来”,系动词用法)
②He looked sadly at the boy.(“看着”,实义动词用法)
知识点2 6类系动词核心功能
根据系动词的意义,我们把英语系动词分为以下6类:感官系动词,状态系动词,持续系动词,表像系动词,变化系动词,终止系动词
1.感官系动词:表示“……起来”,有feel(摸起来,感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来,吃起来) 等; 五大感官系动词,描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词。
eg. ①This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。
②He looks honest, but actually he’s a rogue. 他看起来很老实,实际他是一个坏蛋。
③They all look alike to me. 他们的模样我看起来都一样。
④Everybody feels contented. 每个人都感到很满足。
⑤Ice feels cold. 冰感觉起来是凉的。
⑥Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。
⑦It sounds a good idea. 这听起来是个好主意。
⑧This food tastes good. 这菜好吃。
(1) look“看起来像是”,后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。
(2) smell“闻起来”,sound“听起来”,taste“尝起来”等后接分词。
eg.The apples taste very good.这些苹果很好吃。
(3) feel①“摸起来,给……感觉”;②“觉得”,后接adj./p.p. 。
(4) eg. You will feel better after a night’s sleep.睡上一晚,你会觉得好些。
2.状态系动词:be,feel,taste,sound,smell。
(1) be,“是”,属完全系动词。状态系动词:只有be一词。
eg. ①I am a student.我是一个学生。
②She is always like that. 她总是那样。
③I am used to going about alone. 我习惯于独来独往。
④These shoes are too tight for me. 这双鞋我穿太小
(2) seem,“似乎,好像”,完全系动词。
eg. They seem quite happy.他们似乎很快乐。
(3) appear,“显得,看起来好像”,半系动词。
eg. It appeared(to be)a true story.看来这是一个真实的故事。
(4) prove “证明是”,半系动词,后接adj.
.。
eg. The treatment proved to be successful.这种疗法证明是成功的。
3.持续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand , continue等。
eg. ①I hope you’ll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。
②He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
③The door remained closed. 门仍然关着。
④We can remain friends. 我们可以继续做朋友。
⑤Please stay seated. 请继续坐着。
⑥He stayed single. 他仍然是单身。
remain,“仍是”,半系动词。
eg.I remained silent. 我仍然缄默。
stay“保持(某种状态)”,半系动词,后接adj.或过去分词。
4. 表像系动词:表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem, appear, look等。
eg. ①He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
② He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。
③The doctor seemed very capable. 那医生似乎很能干。
④ He appeared quite well. 他显得身体相当好。
⑤He appeared taken aback. 他似乎很吃惊。
⑥ She appeared perplexed. 她显得迷惑不解。
5.变化系动词:表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。
eg. ①He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
② She had grown thinner and thinner. 她越来越瘦了。
③His cold was growing worse. 他的感冒越来越严重了。
④ He’s grown used to it. 他对此已经习惯。
⑤She’s growing fat. 她正在发胖。
⑥ When she saw this, she turned red. 她看到这,脸红了。
⑦His hair turned grey in a few weeks. 在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了。
⑧The milk will soon turn sour. 牛奶很快就会变酸。
⑨ Several people fell ill, victims of blood poisoning. 几个人生病了,都是血中毒的受害者。
⑩ We get wiser as we get old. 随着年岁的增长,我们也变得聪明些了。
⑾ Your hair has gone quite white! 你的头发全白了!
⑿ She went pale at the news. 听到这消息,她脸色变得苍白。
⒀ The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不能挨饿。
⒁ When I mentioned it to him he went red. 我对他提及此事时他脸红了。
⒂ He went mad. 他疯了(from )。
变化类系动词辨析
become, get, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run……都属于半系动词,描述状态变化过程。
(1) get“变成,变得……起来”,后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。
The train didn’t get going again.火车还没重新启动。
(2) fall“进入(某种状态),成为”,后常接以下形容词:asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.
eg. My father fell ill and died.我的父亲生病死了。
(2) grow“渐渐变得……起来,长得”
eg. It’s growing warm.天气渐渐暖和起来了。
(4) turn“转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质),变质(色)”。
eg. ①Maple trees turn red in autumn.枫叶在秋天变红了。
②He has turned writer.他已成为一个作家。(注意:此时writer之前无冠词a.)
(5) go,“变成(某种坏的状态)”
eg. ①The telephone has gone dead.电话不通了。
②The tire went flat.轮胎瘪了。
go之后常接的adj. 如:bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey, naked等。.
(6) become“变成,成为(好坏均可的情况)”
eg.①It became dark.天气晚了。
②They became good friends.他们成了好朋友。
(7) come,“变成为(已知的状态),证实为”,后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语,表示状态或情况的变化。常接形容词:
apart, dear(昂贵),natural, open, short, right(好了),unstuck(没有粘住),untied(松开)。
eg. His wish to become a pilot has come true.他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。
(7) run,“变成”,后接adj.
eg.The well has run dry.这井已经变干了。
eg. The price ran high.价格上升了。
(9) make,“达到某种状态[后接形容词],如sure, certain, merry, bold, free eg. We must make certain of facts.我们一定要弄清事实。
6.终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有turn out(结果是、证明是), prove表达"证实","变成"之意。:
eg.①His story proved false. 他讲的情况原来是假的。
②The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
③His advice proved sound. 他的劝告证明是对的
④My intuition turned out to be correct. 我的直觉证明是对的。
⑤His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果) .
prove “证明是”,半系动词,后接adj.
.。
eg. The treatment proved to be successful.这种疗法证明是成功的。
其它常见系动词:此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。
eg. ①The run rose red.太阳升起红艳艳。
②He married young.他结婚很早。
③The window blew open.窗户吹开了。
④He continued silent.他继续沉默不语。
知识点3 系动词其它注意点
1. 连系动词后接形容词或副词作表语: 连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语,一般不接副词。
eg.①误:His English is very well. 他的很好。(应将well改为good)
②误:Be carefully. 小心点。(应将carefully改为careful)
③误:The soup tastes nicely. 这汤味道不错。(应将nicely改为nice)
④ He felt comfortably here. (应将comfortably改为comfortable)
但是,有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语,不过这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少数副词小品词以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词:
eg. ①Mother wasn’t in last night. 母亲昨晚不在家。
②The meeting was over at five. 会议五点结束。
③Come along. The taxi is outside. 来吧,出租车在外面。
④Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母亲在楼下等你。
2.两个能构成系表结构(be+done)的系动词
第一个是常见的be(is, am, was等);第二个是get,口语中常用。当二者作系动词用时,它们均表示一种存在状态,而不表示被动动作;当二者作助动词用时,后接作谓语的过去分词构成被动语态。
be + P.P常可以用get + P.P.来代替,但是并不是be系动词总是可以用get来代替。get + P.P.系表结构常用于以下两种情况:
(1)表示偶然的、突发性的、意想不到的被动动作的结果或状态。
eg. ①Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了(表示意想不到)
②The new car got scratched.新车给刮坏了。(表突发性)
(1) 表示对自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。
eg.They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。
另外,要注意区分系表结构与被动语态结构的用法。
知识点4 几组易混系动词的区别:
系动词的区别主要从两个方面作比较,一是其意义,二是其结构。
1. get, become, go, turn, grow: “变成”。
❉get:“变得”口语。后接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式作表语,但不能与名词直接连用。
❉become:“变成,成为(人的情绪或身体状态的变化,或表示天气、社会的发展变化好坏情况均可,与get可以互换)。”后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语,不能与不定式连用。become可接表示职业的带有定冠词的单或复数名词。
注意:关于become和get:
(1) become 和get主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。
eg. become [get] angry, famous, fat, ill, old, well, deaf, strong, etc 生气,成名,发胖,得病,变老,痊愈,变聋,变强,等。
(2) become 和 get 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势:
eg.①It’s becoming [getting] cold (dark, cloudy, etc). 天渐冷了(黑了,多云了等)。
②Divorce is becoming [getting] more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。
❉go:“变成(人的身体、精神或事物某种由好到坏的情况)”,后接形容词、过去分词、名词作表语表示消极意义。
❉turn:“转变成”强调与原来不同的、新的变化,如变质、变色(颜色)等,与go互换。后接形容词、不带冠词的名词作表语,
后不接不定式。可接无冠词的表示职业的单或复数名词或接表示一定时间、年龄的数量词。
注意:关于go和come : (1) come 和 go 都可用作连系动词,表示事物状态的变化。
eg. ①go bald (deaf, insane, etc) 发秃,变聋,发疯等。
②The meat’s gone off (gone bad). 肉变味(变坏)了。
③The radio’s gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。
④Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。
⑤Everything came right. 一切顺利。
⑥Wrong never comes right. 错的永远不会变成对的。
⑦Your shoe-laces have come undone. 你的鞋带散了。
⑧The package is about to come unwrapped. 那个包快散开了。
⑨The children went wild with excitement. 孩子们欣喜若狂。
⑩She went pale at the news. 听了这消息她脸色变得苍白。
⑾He went mad in the end. 最后他疯了。
⑿Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 大热天鱼很容易坏。
⒀The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不应挨饿。
【注】① 但是 go 一般不与 old, tired, ill 等连用,遇此情况要用其他连系动词:grow [get] old 变老,fall [become] ill (sick) 生病,get [feel] tired 疲劳。
② go后接形容词通常表示的结果(见上例),在个别搭配中也表示现状:go hungry 挨饿,go naked 光着身子
③ come 除表示向好的方面变化外,还有以下常见搭配值得注意:come untied 解开,come loose 变松,come undone 松开
❉grow:“逐渐变得……”,强调其变化过程。后接形容词、分词、不定式,不可直接跟名词。
注意:关于grow : 主要表示逐渐变化,强调变化的过程。
eg.①It began to grow dark. 天色渐渐黑了。
②The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。
③The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日见严峻。
以上连系动词通常接形容词作表语,但有的还可接其他结构,如come, get, grow后可接不定式,become, turn后可接名词,get, grow后可接介词短语:
eg.①You’ll soon grow to like her. 你很快就会喜欢她的。
②It’s becoming a serious problem.它正在成为一个严重问题。
③The little plant grew into a tree. 幼苗长成了一棵树。
④They went out of fashion years ago.它们好多年前已变得不时新了。
【注】turn后接名词时,往往表示意想不到的变化,名词前通常用零冠词:
eg.①He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college. 他从医学院毕业后当了作家。
②比较:He became a writer after graduating from college.
2. look, seem, appear: “好像”
三者作系动词时在意义上的区别:
❉look:“好像,看起来”,一般用于非正式场合,侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象。
❉seem :“似乎,好像”,指说话人内心的估计与判断,有一定依据,接近于实际情况。
❉appear:“显得,好像”,常用于正式文体中,指某事物或人给他人的表面印象,有时含有实质上并非如此之意。
eg. ①He looks like his father. (指其长相看起来相像)
②He seems like his father. (指说话人从个性方面得到的判断)
③He appears like his father.(指他的外貌、衣着给他人的印象)
3. keep, remain, stay“保持……状态”
❉keep系动词用时“保持……状态”,后接adj.或介词短语其后常见:
alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy,firm in one’s stand等。
eg.①I hope it will keep fine.我希望天气继续好下去。
②We’d better keep in touch.我们最好保持联系。
❉remain,系动词“仍然存在……状态”,后接adj.、过去分词、名词或介词短语,强调某种状态前后无变化。
eg.①The door remained closed.门仍然关着。
②Your room remains like this.你的房间依旧是这样子。
❉stay,作系动词用时“保持……状态”,后接形容词、分词。
eg.①That fellow stayed single.那个小伙子仍保持单身。
②The door stayed closed.门一直关着(无比较的持续状态)
③It’s easy to stay hidden.躲起来很容易。
④Please stay seated.请继续坐着。
后常接的形容词有:calm, clean, fresh, healthy, tight, young, open, awake, still, warm, fine, as high as…,常可与keep互换。
eg. Stay/keep calm(clean, fine, healthy, awake等)
4. look, sound, smell, taste, feel的用法特点:
当这几个词用作连系动词的时候,它们的意思分别是“看起来”、“听起来”、“闻起来”、“尝起来”、“摸起来”,其用法特点如下:
特点一: 通常以被感觉的东西作主语,虽有被动词味,但不用被动语态。
eg.①误:The material is felt nice. 这料子摸起来不错。(is felt 应改为feels)
②误:The soup is tasted delicious. 这汤味道不错。(is tasted应改为tastes)
特点二: 其后均可接介词 like。
eg.①This looks (tastes, smells, feels) like an orange. 这东西看起来(吃起来,闻起来,摸起来)像桔子。
5.另外,taste和smell后还可接介词of,表示“有…的味道”:
②It tastes [smells] of fish. 这东西有鱼的味道。
5. 系动词continue的用法: continue可用作连系动词,其后可接形容词、介词短语等。
❉接形容词
eg. ①He continued silent. 他继续沉默着。
②We hope the weather will continue fine. 我们希望天气继续很好。
③It did not seem likely that he would continue long in that position. 他似乎不太可能长期留在这个职位。
❉接介词短语
eg.①Mother continues in weak health. 母亲身体仍然很虚弱。
②He continues in good condition. 他的健康情况仍然良好。
③After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longer up to the work / up to doing the work. 部长生病后继续任职,但他已力不胜任了。
6. run用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词搭配。
❉run cold
eg. ①My blood ran cold. 我的血都凉了。
②The sight of the dead body made his blood run cold. 他看见尸体不禁毛骨悚然。
③The water ran cold when I turned the tap on. 我把水龙头打开,水就凉了。
❉run dry
eg. ①The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。
②The little pond ran dry. 那座小池塘干涸了。
③The River Wey ran dry during the recent drought. 近来天气干旱,韦河干涸了。
❉run high
eg.①Feelings against him ran high反对他的情绪高涨。
②Feeling over the dismissal ran high. 对解雇事件群情鼎沸。
③Passions ran high as the election approached. 选举日期临近,人们情绪很高涨。
❉run loose eg.The lion has run loose. 狮子从笼子里跑出来了。
❉run low eg.①The petrol’s running low. 汽油快用完了。
②We’re running low on petrol. 我们的汽油不多了。
③Our supplies are running low. 我们的供应品不多了。
❉run short
eg.①I have run short of money. 我缺钱。
②Go and get some more oil so we don’t run short. 去多弄些油来以免到时候用光了。
③I’m late for work every day and I’m running short of excuses. 我每天迟到,现在找不到什么藉口了。
❉run small eg.These shirts run small. 这些衬衫小了。
❉run strong eg.The tide was running strong. 潮水上涨了。
❉run wild eg.①The violets are running wild in the flower bed. 紫罗兰在花圃里乱长。
②Those boys have been allowed to run wild. 那些男孩子无人管教肆无忌惮。
❉有时跟副词或介词短语:
eg. ①My contract runs out in September. 我的合同九月份到期。
②Our supplies soon ran out. 我们的供应品很快用完。
③The truck’s run out of gas again. 卡车又没有汽油了。
7.系动词become的用法: become用作连系动词,意为“成为”,其后可接:
❉(1) 名词:
①She has become a painter of distinction. 她成了一名杰出的画家。
②They became great friends. 他们成了莫逆之交。
③He aims to become a computer expert. 他打算当一名电脑专家。
❉ (2)形容词
.①She became very fond of her. 她变得非常喜欢她了。
②He soon became angry. 他过了一会儿就生气了。
③She has become familiar with the house. 她对这房子已变得很熟悉。
④I’ve become used to a vegetarian diet. 我已习惯于素食。
❉(3)过去分词
①They had just become engaged. 他们刚刚订婚。
②At last the truth became known to us. 我们终于知道了真相。
③The room soon became crowded. 房间很快变得拥挤起来。
④Jamie was becoming annoyed with me. 杰米变得对我不高兴起来。
❉(4)其后一般不接不定式
①他开始对生物感兴趣了。 误:He became to be interested in biology. 正:He became interested in biology.
②于是我们开始喜欢他了。 误:Then we became to like him. 正:Then we began [came] to like him.
8.系动词rest的用法: rest用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词搭配。
❉rest a mystery eg.The affair rests a mystery. 这件事一直是个谜。
❉rest easy eg. Rest easy. 不要紧张。
❉rest assured
①You can rest assured that I will do my best. 你放心,我会尽力。
②You can rest assured that I’ll do my best. 你可以放心我会尽力而为的。
③You may rest assured that everything possible is being done. 你尽管放心,正在尽力把一切都做好。
④You may rest assured that l will do everything I call to help you. 你可以相信我会尽力帮助你的。
❉rest thus eg.The matter rests thus—that you are responsible for the damage. 事实仍然是这样——你得对损坏负责。
知识点5系动词的使用特点
1. 所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语,此处略举数例。
2. 能用名词作表语的系动词有:be, become, turn sound, remain, seem等。
3. 能用不定式作表语的系动词有:appear, seem, get, prove, remain, turn out等。
4. 能接从句的有:be, seem, appear, sound, look等。
5. 能接介词短语的有:be, feel, look, sound, taste, remain等。 be是特别活跃的系动词,其后可接很多介词短语作表语。其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。
①It feels like a rain。
②It sounds like a train going under my room。
③It tastes of apples。(这有苹果的味道。)
④It looks like a rain。
⑤The concert remains in my memory。
6. 能接分词的系动词有:be, become, get, grow, seem, appear等。
He seems/ appears drunk。
系动词后还可接代词、数词、动名词、副词及其词组,基本都是be的用法。其他系动词几乎不能这样用或很少这样用。
7. 关于be:
英语的“be”是个特别动词; “Be”除了原形的“be”之外,还有另外七种形式:am, is, are, been, being, was, were.在句子中,“be”可以是主动词或助动词.
1) 当主动词时,“be”在性质上属于接系动词, 后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语。当有be的陈述句,要变成疑问句时方法简单,把主语和“be”或助动词对换位置即可。
①Is the man a science teacher?
②Have I been there before?
2)当“be”要在祈使句中出现时,它必须借助动词“do”或“don't”。
.①Don't be silly! ②Do be obedient! ③Don't be a fool!
3)“be”有两种缩写法: eg. He's not...../He isn't.... . You're not...../You aren't...
但“am + not”的缩写法只有一个:. I'm not. 有人用“ain't”, 但这并不是标准英语。
4)“be”作助动词时用法:
✿ “Be + 现在分词”以组成进行式时态;
✿ “Be + 过去分词”以组成被动语态。
知识点6常见系动词错误及其成因:
1. 是有漏掉系动词的倾向性,因为汉语中无系动词。
eg.I afraid he won’t come tomorrow(am)
2. 误用系动词
eg. His hands feel coldly.(feel本身作系动词与实义动词的差别不清)
英语中的系动词与实义动词的用法区分开,其后所接词性不尽相同,成份也不同。
考点3 助动词
知识点1 助动词的概念和功能
助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等常见助动词有be, have, shall, should, will, would, do
实例He doesn't speak English.他不说英语。(否定)
Do you have a brother?你有兄弟吗?(疑问)
We are playing basketball.我们正在打篮球。(时态)
知识点2 助动词的基本用法
1.助动词 be 的用法
1)加现在分词,构成进行时
The students are having class.学生们正在上课。
2)加过去分词,构成被动语态
The letter was received yesterday.那封倍昨天被收到了。
3)be+动词不定式构成谓语可表示打算、决定、计划、安排、指示、命令、禁止、责任、义务、需要、可能性等
He is to leave next week.他决定下周离开。
You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow.你们明天必须交练习本。
Am I to go on with the work?这工作我该不该继续于下去?
2.助动词have的用法
1)have+过去分词构成完成时态
Have有人称和数的变化,当主语是第三人称单数时要用助动词 has,而在过去时态中都要用had
I have not seen her for a long time.我好久没见到她了。
By the end of last year, he had finished all his work.到去年底,他已经完成了全部工作。
2)have+been doing 构成完成进行时态
I have been staying there for a day我一整天都待在那儿。
注意:have 可作实义动词I have flu.我得了流感
3.助动词do的用法
1)将do,dose,did放在句首,构成一般现在时或一般过去时的疑问句。
Do you come from England?你来自英国吗?
What did he tell you?他跟你说什么了?
2)do加not,构成一般现在时或一般过去时的否定形式
I don't think so.我不认为这样。
3)用于替代前面出现的动词,以避免重复
He swims better than I do.他游泳游得比我好。(代替动词swim)
4)放在动词原级前,用于强调
Do be careful !千万要小心啦!
They did come,but did nothing.他们来是来了,可什么也没做。
前一个did就是用于强调,后一个did是实义动词
5)用于构成倒装
— I love flowers.我喜欢花。
— So do I.我也喜欢。
Never did I hear of such a story.我从未听说过这样的故事。
注意:do也可用作实义动词I always do some reading in the evening.我晚上总要读些书。
4.助动词shall与will的用法(详见本专辑第08讲情态动词和虚拟语气)
shall/will+动词原形,可以构成一般将来时,表示“ 将来会......”。shall用于第一人称,will用于各种人称。
There will be more trees in one hundred years.100年后将有更多的树。
I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.到下一个生日,我就15岁了。
5.助动词should与would的用法
should 和 would 分别是 shall 和 will 的过去式,should/would+动词原形构成过去将来时。should 用于过去将来时态的第一人称,would 用于过去将来时态的各种人称。
The weather report said that we should have rain.天气预报说,我们这儿将有雨。
The boss said that there would be a meeting tomorrow.老板说明天将有一个会议。
注意:will, would,shall,should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外,更多的是用作情态动词shall,should用于第一人称表示单纯的将来时,在现代英语中分别用will,would代替
考点4 情态动词
知识点1 情态动词的概念和类别
情态动词:本身具有一定的意义,用于表达说话人的情感态度、语气或主观设想。情态动词不能独立作谓语,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词在特殊语境具有特殊含义(如:must“非得;偏要”,should“竟然”,shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等)是高考的热点和难点。常见情态动词的基本用法是高考考查的重点。必须根据具体语境判断使用相应的情态动词。
类别:1. 只作情态动词,如may, might, must, can等。
2. 既作情态动词又作实义动词,如need, dare。
3. 具有情态动词特征的动词词组,如have(had, has) to, used to, ought to。
4. 可做情态动词又可作助动词,如shall(should), will(would)。
知识点2 情态动词的基本用法
1.can和could用法归纳
用法
示例
1.表示“能力”时,can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力。
Susan isn't very good at maths, but she can speak English very well.苏珊并不擅长数学,但是她的英语说得很好。
We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。
2.表示“推测”时,can常用于否定句中,can't表示“不可能”。could表“推测”时,比can的可能性要小。
Mr. Black can't be at home—he has gone to America.布莱克先生不可能在家——他去美国了。
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。
3.表示“请求”或“许可”时,通常用于疑问句中;could表“请求”时比can更委婉。
—Could/Can you pick me up at the airport? 你能去机场接机好吗?
—Yes. I can. 好的,可以。
4.could have done表示“本可以做某事”;couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。
You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。
She can't have finished the work. 她不可能完成了那份工作。
5.be able to do表示“能够做某事”,不能与 can连用,但有更多时态。
I'm sure you will be able to look after yourself.我相信你会照顾你自己的。
I haven't been able to sleep very well recently. 最近我总是睡不好。
2.may和might用法归纳
用法
示例
1.may和might可用于肯定句中表“许可”,用在疑问句中表示“请求”。
She said I might call her at the weekend.她说我可以周末给她打电话。
May I borrow the car tomorrow?明天我能借用下车吗?
2. might表“推测”时,可能性比may的可能性小。
He may/might know the answer. 他可能知道答案。
He may/might not believe you. 他可能不会相信你。
3. may/might well do sth很可能, may/might as well do sth.不妨。
Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her.她的模样变化如此大,你很可能认不出她了。
You might as well give him the letter.你不妨把信给他。
4.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿。
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
May all your dreams come true! 祝你所有的梦想都实现!
5.may/might have done表示“可能已经做了某事”,但是把握不大。
She may have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。
It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危险了,我差点没命了。
3.must和have to用法归纳
用法
示例
1.must表示“必须”,强调说话人的主观态度,否定式为mustn't,意为“不允许,禁止。
Everyone must obey the rule.人人都必须遵守制度。
You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone.你必须保密,你不可以告诉任何人。
2.must表示“推测”,意为“一定是,准是",只用于肯定句中。must be doing肯定正在做某事。
He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.他肯定很懒,因为他的课桌很不整洁。
Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.多穿点儿衣服,你只穿一件衬衣,肯定觉得冷。
3.must表示“偏要”,指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。
Why must it rain today? 为什么偏偏在今天下雨?
4.have to表示客观需要,意为“不得不”,否定式为don’t have to,等于needn't。
You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.你不能在这里右拐,你必须左拐。
You have to stay for supper. 你得留下来吃晚饭。
4.will和would用法归纳
用法
示例
1.will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中,would比will语气更委婉。
Will you join our discussion? 你愿意加入我们的讨论吗?
Would you open the window, please? 请把窗户打开好吗?
2.will表示主观愿望、意志或决心,would用于过去的习惯性动作,意为“过去常常做某事”。
Go where you will. 你愿到哪里就到哪里。
She asked if I would go with them. 她问我是否愿意同他们一起去。
On summer evenings they would sit out in the garden. 夏天的晚上他们会坐在外面的花园里。
3. will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中,would表示委婉语气。
Won’t you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉?
Would you please post the 1etter for me? 请帮我寄了这封信好吗?
4.would用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向,意为“老是不”“总是不”。
My car wouldn't start this morning.今天早晨我的汽车怎么也发动不起来。
The door wouldn’t open, no matter how hard she pushed.不管她怎么用力推,门就是打不开。
5.would have done表示与过去事实相反的假设。
But for your help we would have been late .要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。
If she had seen you yesterday, she would have asked you about it. 要是她昨天看到你,她就要向你问起这件事。
5.shall, should和ought to用法归纳
用法
示例
1.shall用在第一三人称疑问句中时,表示征求对方意见。
Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow? 明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗?
2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时,表示说话人的允诺、命令、告诫等。
You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.到明天你就会得到我的答复的。
3.should/ought to表示责任,义务,意为“应该”,否定式为should not/ ought not to。
You shouldn’t be so careless. 你不应该这么粗心大意。
Humans ought to stop polluting nature.人类应停止污染大自然。
Ought I to hand in my composition now? 我现在就应该把作文交上吗?
4.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”。
It should be Mike who has taken away all the materials. 应该是迈克拿走了所有的材料。
5. should可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等,多用于It is necessary that…句型。
It’s surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack. 玛丽竟然爱上像杰克这样的人,真是奇怪。
6.should have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”,否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。
It was an easy test and he should have passed, but he didn’t. 那个测试很容易,他本来应该通过的,但却没有。
You should have told her the truth.你本应该告诉她真相的。
7.suggest, order, require that…从句常用“should do”, should 可省。
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
6. need和dare用法归纳
用法
示例
1.need用作情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句,后接动词原形。
Need I hand in my homework now?我现在就要交家庭作业吗?
I needn’t go this week.这星期我不必去。
2.needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。
I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday. 昨天我根本不需要借钱的。
3. need用作实意动词,接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。need doing=need to be done表示需要做。
My shirt needs a button.我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。
My car needs repairing=My care needs to be repaired.我的车该修理了。
4.dare用作情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句,只有dare和dared两种形式。
He dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.下雨天他不敢开得太快。
I wonder how he dare say such things.我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。
5.dare用作实意动词,接名不定式作宾语。
He dared me to jump over the stream.他激我跳过小溪。
Did anyone dare to admit it?有人敢于承认吗?
6. I dare say...我想,大概,可能,或许…….
I dare say things will improve.我想情况会好转的。
知识点3 情态动词的特殊用法
1.can/could的否定式与比较级连用表最高级。
This bowl of noodles smells amazing! The aroma can't be any better! (香味不可能是更好了 → 香味棒极了)
2.can/could的否定式与enough或too (much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。
To master a new language, consistent practice is key. You can't practice enough. (你练习再多也不够 → 怎么练都不够/练再多也不过分)
If you see a student struggling and discouraged, you couldn't be too supportive or encouraging. (你给予再多支持或鼓励也不为过 → 越支持/鼓励越好)
3.must可表示“偏要,硬要”,常用于疑问句或条件状语从句中。
Must you ask me such a question?你非得问我这样的问题吗?
mustn't 意为“不要,千万别”,表示禁止。
Children mustn't play with fire.孩子们不能玩火。
3. may/might as well表示“最好;不妨”。
The bus is so crowded that we may as well walk home. 公交车太挤了,我们不如走路回家。
You might as well tell him the truth — he will find out anyway. 你最好把真相告诉他——反正他也会发现。
5It’s too late to change the plan, so we may as well stick to it. 现在改计划太晚了,我们不妨坚持原计划。
If you’ve finished the exam, you might as well check your answers carefully. 如果你答完了试卷,最好仔细检查一下答案。
(5)would可表示过去的习惯,与used to相比,前者常表示过去反复的动作,后者常表示过去的状态或习惯,现在已不复存在。
used to+动词原形表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不再发生或不存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.过去在街角有一幢大楼,但现在已经被拆掉了。
I used not/didn't use to like opera. 我过去不喜欢歌剧。
Used you/Did you use to go to school on foot?你过去常常步行去上学吗?
(6)should还可以用在if引导的虚拟条件从句中。should置于句首时,省略if,相当于“万一”的意思。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。
Should you change your mind, please let us know.
万一你改变主意,请让我们知道。
④should还可用在以 why, who, how等开头的疑问句或某些感叹句中,带有感情色彩。意为“竟然,竟会”。
Why should you be so late today?
你今天竟然来得这么晚?
(7)had better/might as well的用法
①had better意为“最好”,后面接动词原形,否定式为had better not do。【高频再现】
We had better take an umbrella in case it rains.以防下雨,我们最好带把伞。
②might as well意为“倒不如……,还是做……好”。 【高频再现】
The heavy rain ruined our trip. We might as well have stayed at home.
大雨毁了我们的旅行。我们还不如待在家里。
优题精练·专题实战通关
1.(2026·浙江·高考真题)假如你是李华,你发现校图书馆的书籍存在被勾画涂写的现象。请你向英文报投稿,内容包括:
(1)具体说明情况;
(2) 呼吁爱护书籍。
注意:
(1) 写作词数应为80个左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Treasure Library Books: Our Shared Responsibility
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Treasure Library Books: Our Shared Responsibility
Recently, I’ve noticed a disturbing phenomenon in our school library. Many books have been scribbled and defaced. Some pages are filled with random drawings, while others have important passages underlined or crossed out. Even worse, some books have been torn.
These books are our shared assets, not personal notebooks. They deserve our respect and care. Every mark on them not only ruins the reading experience for others but also shortens their lifespan. Let’s treasure our library books, keeping them in good condition. After all, a well-kept library is a reflection of our school’s culture and our own good character.
【导语】这是一篇应用文。考生发现校图书馆的藏书存在被勾画涂改的现象。请你向校园电台投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
财产:asset → possession/property
乱涂乱画:scribble → scrawl
满是:be filled with → be stuffed with
寿命:lifespan → life expectancy
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Many books have been scribbled and defaced.
拓展句:There are many books that have been scribbled and defaced.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】Let’s treasure our library books, keeping them in good condition.(运用了现在分词作状语)
【高分句型 2】 Some pages are filled with random drawings, while others have important passages underlined or crossed out.(运用了while连接并列句,表对比)
2.(2026·全国二卷·高考真题)假定你是李华,外教Kate计划将你们班的英语作文汇编成册。请给Kate写封邮件,内容包括:
(1)建议配图。
(2)自荐承担画图工作。
注意:
(1)写作词数应为80个左右。
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Kate,
It’s a great idea to make a collection of our English essays.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Kate,
It’s a great idea to make a collection of our English essays. This compilation will surely be a wonderful showcase of our English learning achievements. I have a suggestion that might enhance the overall quality of this collection — adding relevant pictures.
Pictures can play a vital role in making the essays more engaging. For example, if an essay is about a travel experience, a vivid picture of the described scenery can bring the story to life, helping readers better visualize the places and emotions.
I’m quite interested in contributing to this project. As I have been learning drawing for years and have a good command of various drawing techniques, I believe I can create pictures that perfectly match the themes of the essays.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达是李华给外教Kate写的邮件。外教Kate计划将班级英语作文汇编成册,李华在邮件中提出配图的建议,并自荐承担画图工作。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
帮助:help →assist
至关重要的:vital → crucial
增强:enhance → boost
各种各样的:various→ a variety of
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Pictures can play a vital role in making the essays more engaging.
拓展句:Pictures, which are an important visual element, can play a vital role in making the essays more engaging.
【高分句型1】I have a suggestion that might enhance the overall quality of this collection — adding relevant pictures.(运用了that引导定语从句)
【高分句型2】As I have been learning drawing for years and have a good command of various drawing techniques, I believe I can create pictures that perfectly match the themes of the essays.(运用了As引导原因状语从句;省略引导词that的宾语从句;that引导的定语从句)
3.(2026·全国一卷·高考真题)你校英文报“Opinion”栏目正在征稿,请同学们对未来大学生活中的学习(Study)、社交(Socialize)、睡眠(Sleep)这三件事按重要性进行排序,并阐述理由。
请你写一篇短文向该栏目投稿。
注意:
(1)写作词数应为80个左右。
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Ranking My College Life Essentials
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Ranking My College Life Essentials
When it comes to the key elements of college life, I rank study first, sleep second and socialize third for solid reasons.
Undoubtedly, study tops the list because college serves as a vital platform where we build up professional knowledge and polish comprehensive abilities for our future. Meanwhile, enough sleep guarantees our physical health and keeps us mentally sharp. It lays a solid foundation for efficient study. Although socializing enriches our campus life and develops our teamwork skills, it is only a complementary part rather than a main task.
Only by balancing the three aspects reasonably can we embrace a fulfilling college life.
【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生写一篇短文,对未来大学生活中的学习(Study)、社交(Socialize)、睡眠(Sleep)这三件事按重要性进行排序并阐述理由,向校英文报“Opinion”栏目投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
至关重要的:vital → essential
积累:build up → accumulate
充足的:enough → sufficient
培养:develop → cultivate
2.句式拓展
合并句子
原句:Meanwhile, enough sleep guarantees our physical health and keeps us mentally sharp. It lays a solid foundation for efficient study.
拓展句:Meanwhile, enough sleep guarantees our physical health and keeps us mentally sharp, which lays a solid foundation for efficient study.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Undoubtedly, study tops the list because college serves as a vital platform where we build up professional knowledge and polish comprehensive abilities for our future. (运用了where引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Although socializing enriches our campus life and develops our teamwork skills, it is only a complementary part rather than a main task.(运用了although引导的让步状语从句)
4.(2025·北京·高考真题)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。联合国正面向全球青少年开展倡议征集活动。你的外国好友Jim打算参加,为此发来邮件,就倡议内容询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复,内容包括:
1. 提出的建议;
2. 建议的理由。
提示词:倡议 proposal
注意:1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
I’m glad to hear that you want to take part in the UN’s initiative for global teenagers. Here’s my advice.
I suggest focusing on environmental protection. As we know, the environment is facing serious problems, which affect everyone’s life. If we can raise awareness about it and encourage more people to take action, it will make a big difference. Another idea is to promote cultural exchange. We live in a world where different cultures coexist. By sharing our cultures and learning from each other, we can build a more harmonious global community.
I hope these suggestions help! Let me know if you need more ideas.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生针对外国好友Jim关于联合国全球青少年倡议征集活动的询问进行回复,给出倡议内容的建议及理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的:glad → delighted
建议:suggest→advise
关注:focus on → concentrate on
提高:raise→enhance
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句:I’m glad to hear that you want to take part in the UN’s initiative for global teenagers.
拓展句:Hearing that you want to take part in the UN’s initiative for global teenagers, I feel glad.
【点睛】【高分句型1】We live in a world where different cultures coexist.(运用了where引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Let me know if you need more ideas.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
5.(2025·上海·高考真题)Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校英语报举办征文活动,请学生谈谈对“Don’t be afraid to get your feet wet if you want to learn how to swim.”这句话的理解。写一篇征文稿,在文中你必须:
1) 简述你对这句话的理解;
2) 结合一个具体事例加以说明。
注:文中不得出现考生姓名、学校等真实个人信息。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Embrace the First Step
The saying “Don’t be afraid to get your feet wet if you want to learn how to swim” powerfully reminds us that mastering any skill requires the courage to start and face initial challenges head-on. It means hesitation and fear of minor setbacks will prevent us from ever truly learning.
My own experience learning to ride a bike perfectly illustrates this. For weeks, I just watched my friends ride, too scared to even sit on the bike seat, fearing I would fall. My feet stayed firmly “dry” on the ground, and I made zero progress. Finally, gathering my courage, I wobbled onto the bike. Yes, I crashed a few times and got my hands and knees dirty (my version of “wet feet”). But with each attempt, my balance improved. Within days, I was riding confidently. If I hadn’t overcome that initial fear and gotten “wet,” I would still be standing on the sidelines now.
Therefore, this wisdom applies to all skills. We must be brave enough to take the first, often imperfect, step to truly learn and grow.
【导语】本文是一篇投稿征文。要求考生就学校英语报正在举办的征文活动写一篇征文稿,谈谈对“Don’t be afraid to get your feet wet if you want to learn how to swim.”这句话的理解,并结合一个具体事例加以说明。
【详解】1. 词汇积累:
掌握:master→have a command of
挫折、失败:setback→frustration
害怕的、恐惧的:scared→frightened
阐明:illustrate→clarify
2. 句式拓展:
同义句转换:
原句:My own experience learning to ride a bike perfectly illustrates this.
拓展句:My own experience that I learned to ride a bike perfectly illustrates this.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 It means hesitation and fear of minor setbacks will prevent us from ever truly learning. (运用了省略连接词that的宾语从句。)
【高分句型2】If I hadn’t overcome that initial fear and gotten “wet,” I would still be standing on the sidelines now. (运用了以连词if引导的条件状语从句和虚拟语气。)
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专题02 动词(实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词)
目录导航
01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架,搭建知识体系
02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点,分层突破重难点
考点一 实义动词
知识点1 及物动词
知识点2及物动词
知识点3兼类动词(既可及物又可不及物)
知识点4延续性动词和非延续性动词
知识点5高考高频考点结构:感官动词、使役动词和感情色彩类动词的使用
考点二 系动词
知识点1 系动词概念与特点
知识点2 6类系动词核心功能
知识点3 系动词其它注意点
知识点4几组易混系动词的区别
知识点5 系动词的使用特点
知识点6 常见系动词错误及其成因
考点三 助动词
知识点1 助动词的概念和功能
知识点2 助动词的基本用法
知识点3 不可数名词
知识点3 6类系动词核心功能
知识点4 6类系动词核心功能
考点四 情态动词
知识点1 情态动词的概念和类别
知识点2 情态动词的基本用法
知识点3 情态动词的特殊用法
03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题,强化实战应用
知识脑图·核心脉络搭建
考点深研·知能分层突破
考点1 实义动词
按接宾语划分:___________、___________,___________(既可及物 / 不及物)。
知识点1及物动词
特点:必须接宾语,意义才完整;有被动语态。
类型
说明
例句
单宾语及物
接一个宾语
I love English.
双宾语及物
接间接宾语+直接宾语
He gave me a book.
复合宾语及物
接宾语+宾补
We elected him monitor.
高考高频双宾动词:give, send, pass, show, tell, teach, bring, offer, lend, hand, award, promise
高考高频宾补动词:elect, appoint, make, let, have, see, watch, hear, find, consider, call, name
知识点2不及物动词
特点:不接___________,意义完整;无___________。
例词
例句
happen, occur, exist, rise, fall
The accident happened yesterday.
run, jump, swim, sleep, cry
He runs every morning.
arrive, come, go, leave, die
She arrived at 8 o'clock.
不及物动词+介词=___________动词短语(如 listen to, look at, wait for),此时有被动语态:The song is often listened to by students.
知识点3兼类动词(既可及物又可不及物)
动词
不及物用法
及物用法
run
He runs fast.(跑)
He runs a company.(经营)
grow
Rice grows well.(生长)
We grow rice.(种植)
turn
The wheel turns.(转动)
Turn the key.(转动)
open
The door opened.(开)
Open the door.(打开)
smell
The flower smells sweet.(闻起来)
I smell something burning.(闻到)
知识点4 延续性动词和非延续性
按动作时长划分为___________动词和___________动词。多用于现在完成时、时态辨析、瞬间动作状语搭配。
1.延续性动词:动作___________,可与表示一段时间的状语 (for, since, how long )连用。 例:live, work, study, keep, stay, know, love
2.非延续性动词(瞬间动词):__________,不能和一段时间状语连用;若要连用,需转换为对应延续动词。 高频转换:
die → be dead leave → be away
buy → have borrow → keep
join → be in/be a member of
He has lived here for ten years.他在这儿住了十年了。
She has worked in this company since 2015.自2015年起她就在这家公司工作。
I have known him for a long time. 我认识他很长时间了。
You can keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
动词
正确例句
翻译
错误用法
die
He has been dead for two years. (或 He died two years ago.)
他已去世两年了。
❌ He has died for two years.
leave
He has been away from home for a week.
他离家一周了。
❌ He has left for a week.
borrow
I have kept the book for three days.
这本书我借了三天了。
❌ I have borrowed the book for three days.
buy
She has had the car since last year.
这辆车她从去年就有了。
❌ She has bought the car for a year.
知识点5 高考高频考点结构:感官动词、使役动词和感情色彩类动词的使用
1.感官动词的常见结构
1)感官动词
用来表示主词运用感觉器官动词去描述看见、听见、闻到、感觉什么东西/事物。
感官动词(及物动词)有:see/notice/look at/watch/observe/listen to/hear/feel (Vt)/taste (Vt)/smell (Vt)
see, hear, smell, taste, feel,这五个动词均可作连系动词,后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外,其它几个动词的主语往往是物,而不是人。(具体用法见本专题系动词讲解)
2)主语+感官动词+宾语+动词原形/现在分词
接动词原形,为表达事实I saw John leave the house.→ 强调John离开房子的事实
接现在分词,则表达动作正在进行I saw John leaving the house.→ 强调John正在离开房子
五看两听一感觉
look at/watch/see/notice/ observe 看
listen to/hear 听到
feel 感觉
smell 闻到
1. 被动句型
主语+see/hear/listen to+sb/sth+过去分词
I felt sad when I saw Peter punished by his teacher.
我看到彼得被老师处罚时感到很难过。
Bill noticed his cellphone used by someone else.
Bill注意到他的手机被其他人使用过。
Cindy noticed her hair cut by the hairstylist.
Cindy注意到她的头发被发型师给剪了。
2. 被动语态
主语+behold(看见)/observe(看到)/perceive(察觉)+宾语+being+过去分词
Judy behold the worm being caught by the bird.
Judy看到那只虫正在被那只鸟捕食。
The family watched their house being washed away by the flood.
那家人看到他们的房子正在被洪水冲走。
2.使役动词make/ let/ have/ get的常见结构
(1)have的用法
1)have sb do sth 让某人做某事(主动)
The rich lady had the singer eat with her servants.
这位富有的女士让这位歌手和她的仆人一起吃饭。
2)have sb doing sth 让某人持续做某事
I will have him come and help you.我会让他来帮助你的。
The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.这两个骗子让灯整晚亮着。
He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.昨天他让我们一直等了他三个小时。
3)have sth done 一 般指已经做过的事情
a表示______________________。如:
We had the machine repaired.我们请人修理了机器
b. 表示______________________。如:
He had his finger cut.他的手指弄伤了.
c. 表示______________________。如:
I’ve had all my mistakes corrected.我已把所有的错误都改正过来了.
have 还有其他的形式
have sth to do (主动).have sth to do 主语和动作的执行者都是一个人 ,
have sth to be done (被动)表示说话的人并非是这个动作的执行者,而是让别人去做
I have something to be repaired.我有一些东西需要被(别人)修理.别人去修理,而非主语1
I have something to repaired.我有一些东西要去修理(我自己亲自修理)
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)
2. can’t/won’t have sb doing sth 不能让某人做某事
I can’t have Yonghui getting way with telling people lies.
I won’t have you speaking to you dad like that.
(2)get的用法
a.get sb to do sth= let/ make/ have sb do sth
The teacher gets us to read the text aloud.
老师让我们大声朗读课文。
b.get sth done= have sth done
Her son has been ill for days. She needs to get him examined in the hospital.
她儿子病了好几天了。她需要带他去医院检查一下。
c.get sb/ sth doing 使某人/某物开始行动起来
The captain got the soldier moving towards the front after a short rest.
短暂休息后,上尉让士兵向前线移动。
He managed to get the horse running.
他设法让马跑起来。
We couldn’t get the car starting.
我们无法让汽车发动起来。
d. get done 被.....
He got run by the car. 他被车撞了。
以上的感官动词和使役动词的被动结构要加___________
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
(3)动词leave,keep, set, find, catch 的宾补结构
sb/sth doing 让某人/某物一直处于某种状态
sth undone/untouched/ unfinished/ unsettled 留下某事未作
① Leave sb to do sth 让某人去做某事
sth to be done 留下某事要做
sb/sth (to be)+adj/n 留下某人/某物 ….
例句:
Leave your hat and coat in the hall.把帽子和外套放在大厅里。
Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?
Who left that window open?谁让窗户开着?
Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在外面雨中等待。
Leave somebody / something alone.不要干涉某人或某事。
② keep sb/sth doing 使某人一直做某事
sb/sth done 使某人/某物被….
Keep the engine running.
You should keep me informed of his whereabouts(行踪).
sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
③find sb/sth done 发现某人/某物已经….
sb/sth (to be)+adj/n 发现某人/某物 ….
We found him (to be) dishonest.
Often I found her quietly crying alone.
I found him buried in the novel. 我发现他在埋头读一本小说。
④catch sb doing sth 撞见某人正在做某事(往往是坏事)
I caught Tom cheating in the exam.
3. 感情色彩类动词
(1) 感情色彩类动词的现在分词(v-ing)与过去分词(v-ed)已经成为形容词,既可以作定语修饰名词,又可以在系动词后作表语。
(2)一般v-ing形式,表示“(某事或物)令人......的”,用来描述事物; 特殊情况也会修饰人:The amazing spider-man 超凡蜘蛛侠。
(3)过去分词(v-ed), 一般表示“(某人)感到......的”,用来修饰人,但有时也可描述人的:外貌( appearance); 脸(face); 声音(voice); 微笑(smile); 哭(cry); mood (心境;情绪)。
每一个感情色彩类动词都有一个特性,那就是可以变成两个形容词,一种是以ed结尾,一种是以ing结尾。两个形容词再加上它本身的动词,总共三个词,就可以造出三种不同的句子。
这部电影使我激动。
The movie excites me
.I am excited about the movie.
The movie is exciting.
This is an exciting movie.
阅读使我放松。
Reading relaxes me.
I am relaxed with reading.
Reading is relaxing.
写作时候可以换着结构使用以显示丰富句式。
(5) 常见感情色彩类动词及其派生词汇总
动词原形
中文意思
感到...的
令人感到...的
名词形式
annoy
使生气
annoyed
annoying
annoyance
amaze
使惊奇
amazed
amazing
amazement:
astonish
使震惊
astonished
astonishing
astonishment
bore
使乏味、厌烦
bored
boring
confuse
使困惑
confused
confusing
confusion
puzzle
使困惑
puzzled
puzzling
puzzle: n. 谜;不解之谜
delight
使高兴
delighted
delightful
delight
discourage
使气馁
discouraged
discouraging
Encourage
使有勇气
encouraged
encouraging
encouragement
fascinate
使着迷
fascinated
fascinating
frighten
使害怕
frightened
frightening
move
使感动
moved
moving
puzzle
使迷惑
puzzled
puzzling
relax
使放松
relaxed
relaxing
satisfy
使满足
satisfied
satisfying
satisfaction
scare
使惊恐
scared
scaring
shock
使震惊
shocked
shocking
surprise
使惊讶
surprised
surprising
surprise
terrify
使惊吓
terrified
terrifying
touch
使感动
touched
touching
worry
使担心
worried
worrying
worry
depress
使压抑
depressed
depressing
depression
disappoint
使失望
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
embarrass
使尴尬
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
excite
使兴奋
excited
exciting
excitement
exhaust
使疲惫
exhausted
exhausting
exhaustion
tire
使疲倦
tired
tiring
frustrate
使沮丧
frustrated
frustrating
frustration
inspire
使鼓舞
inspired
inspiring
inspiration
interest
使感兴趣
interested
be interested in
interesting
interest(s)
please
使愉悦
pleased
pleasant
pleasure
convince
使信服
convinced
convincing
irritate
使愤怒
irritated
irritating
irritation
move
使感动
moved
moving
satisfy
使满意
satisfied
satisfying:adj. 令人满意的
satisfactory
satisfaction
考点2 系动词
知识点1 系动词概念与特点
1) 概念:连系动词(link verb)是一个表示谓语关系的动词。它必须后接表语(通常为名词或形容词)。
2)特点:连系动词的功能主要是把表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)和它的主语联系在一起,说
明主语的属性、特征或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义,不能在句中独立作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。它是虚词。
2) 系动词分类:根据系动词后所跟结构,可以把英语系动词分为两大类___________(其后只能跟表语的动词,如be, seem)和___________(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法,也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用,如look)
eg.①He looked sad at the news.(“看起来”,系动词用法)
②He looked sadly at the boy.(“看着”,实义动词用法)
知识点2 6类系动词核心功能
根据系动词的意义,我们把英语系动词分为以下6类:___________,___________,___________,___________,___________,___________。
1.感官系动词:表示“……起来”,有___________(摸起来,感觉) ,___________(闻起来) , ___________(听起来) , ___________(尝起来,吃起来) 等; 五大感官系动词,描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词。
eg. ①This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。
②He looks honest, but actually he’s a rogue. 他看起来很老实,实际他是一个坏蛋。
③They all look alike to me. 他们的模样我看起来都一样。
④Everybody feels contented. 每个人都感到很满足。
⑤Ice feels cold. 冰感觉起来是凉的。
⑥Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。
⑦It sounds a good idea. 这听起来是个好主意。
⑧This food tastes good. 这菜好吃。
(1) look“看起来像是”,后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。
(2) smell“闻起来”,sound“听起来”,taste“尝起来”等后接分词。
eg.The apples taste very good.这些苹果很好吃。
(3) feel①“摸起来,给……感觉”;②“觉得”,后接adj./p.p. 。
(4) eg. You will feel better after a night’s sleep.睡上一晚,你会觉得好些。
2.状态系动词:______________________。
(1) be,“是”,属完全系动词。状态系动词:只有be一词。
eg. ①I am a student.我是一个学生。
②She is always like that. 她总是那样。
③I am used to going about alone. 我习惯于独来独往。
④These shoes are too tight for me. 这双鞋我穿太小
(2) seem,“似乎,好像”,完全系动词。
eg. They seem quite happy.他们似乎很快乐。
(3) appear,“显得,看起来好像”,半系动词。
eg. It appeared(to be)a true story.看来这是一个真实的故事。
(4) prove “证明是”,半系动词,后接adj.
.。
eg. The treatment proved to be successful.这种疗法证明是成功的。
3.持续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有_________________________________等。
eg. ①I hope you’ll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。
②He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
③The door remained closed. 门仍然关着。
④We can remain friends. 我们可以继续做朋友。
⑤Please stay seated. 请继续坐着。
⑥He stayed single. 他仍然是单身。
remain,“仍是”,半系动词。
eg.I remained silent. 我仍然缄默。
stay“保持(某种状态)”,半系动词,后接adj.或过去分词。
4. 表像系动词:表示“看起来好像”,主要___________等。
eg. ①He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
② He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。
③The doctor seemed very capable. 那医生似乎很能干。
④ He appeared quite well. 他显得身体相当好。
⑤He appeared taken aback. 他似乎很吃惊。
⑥ She appeared perplexed. 她显得迷惑不解。
5.变化系动词:表示主语变成什么样,主要有_________________________________等。
eg. ①He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
② She had grown thinner and thinner. 她越来越瘦了。
③His cold was growing worse. 他的感冒越来越严重了。
④ He’s grown used to it. 他对此已经习惯。
⑤She’s growing fat. 她正在发胖。
⑥ When she saw this, she turned red. 她看到这,脸红了。
⑦His hair turned grey in a few weeks. 在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了。
⑧The milk will soon turn sour. 牛奶很快就会变酸。
⑨ Several people fell ill, victims of blood poisoning. 几个人生病了,都是血中毒的受害者。
⑩ We get wiser as we get old. 随着年岁的增长,我们也变得聪明些了。
⑾ Your hair has gone quite white! 你的头发全白了!
⑿ She went pale at the news. 听到这消息,她脸色变得苍白。
⒀ The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不能挨饿。
⒁ When I mentioned it to him he went red. 我对他提及此事时他脸红了。
⒂ He went mad. 他疯了(from )。
变化类系动词辨析
become, get, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run……都属于半系动词,描述状态变化过程。
(1) get“变成,变得……起来”,后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。
The train didn’t get going again.火车还没重新启动。
(2) fall“进入(某种状态),成为”,后常接以下形容词:asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.
eg. My father fell ill and died.我的父亲生病死了。
(2) grow“渐渐变得……起来,长得”
eg. It’s growing warm.天气渐渐暖和起来了。
(4) turn“转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质),变质(色)”。
eg. ①Maple trees turn red in autumn.枫叶在秋天变红了。
②He has turned writer.他已成为一个作家。(注意:此时writer之前无冠词a.)
(5) go,“变成(某种坏的状态)”
eg. ①The telephone has gone dead.电话不通了。
②The tire went flat.轮胎瘪了。
go之后常接的adj. 如:bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey, naked等。.
(6) become“变成,成为(好坏均可的情况)”
eg.①It became dark.天气晚了。
②They became good friends.他们成了好朋友。
(7) come,“变成为(已知的状态),证实为”,后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语,表示状态或情况的变化。常接形容词:
apart, dear(昂贵),natural, open, short, right(好了),unstuck(没有粘住),untied(松开)。
eg. His wish to become a pilot has come true.他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。
(7) run,“变成”,后接adj.
eg.The well has run dry.这井已经变干了。
eg. The price ran high.价格上升了。
(9) make,“达到某种状态[后接形容词],如sure, certain, merry, bold, free eg. We must make certain of facts.我们一定要弄清事实。
6.终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有___________(结果是、证明是), ___________表达"证实","变成"之意。:
eg.①His story proved false. 他讲的情况原来是假的。
②The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
③His advice proved sound. 他的劝告证明是对的
④My intuition turned out to be correct. 我的直觉证明是对的。
⑤His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果) .
prove “证明是”,半系动词,后接adj.
.。
eg. The treatment proved to be successful.这种疗法证明是成功的。
其它常见系动词:此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。
eg. ①The run rose red.太阳升起红艳艳。
②He married young.他结婚很早。
③The window blew open.窗户吹开了。
④He continued silent.他继续沉默不语。
知识点3 系动词其它注意点
1. 连系动词后接形容词或副词作表语: 连系动词后通常可接___________作表语,一般不接副词。
eg.①误:His English is very well. 他的很好。(应将well改为good)
②误:Be carefully. 小心点。(应将carefully改为careful)
③误:The soup tastes nicely. 这汤味道不错。(应将nicely改为nice)
④ He felt comfortably here. (应将comfortably改为comfortable)
但是,有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语,不过这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少数副词小品词以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词:
eg. ①Mother wasn’t in last night. 母亲昨晚不在家。
②The meeting was over at five. 会议五点结束。
③Come along. The taxi is outside. 来吧,出租车在外面。
④Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母亲在楼下等你。
2.两个能构成系表结构(be+done)的系动词
第一个是常见的be(is, am, was等);第二个是get,口语中常用。当二者作系动词用时,它们均表示一种存在状态,而不表示被动动作;当二者作助动词用时,后接作谓语的过去分词构成被动语态。
be + P.P常可以用get + P.P.来代替,但是并不是be系动词总是可以用get来代替。get + P.P.系表结构常用于以下两种情况:
(1)表示偶然的、突发性的、意想不到的被动动作的结果或状态。
eg. ①Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了(表示意想不到)
②The new car got scratched.新车给刮坏了。(表突发性)
(1) 表示对自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。
eg.They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。
另外,要注意区分系表结构与被动语态结构的用法。
知识点4 几组易混系动词的区别:
系动词的区别主要从两个方面作比较,一是其意义,二是其结构。
1. get, become, go, turn, grow: “变成”。
❉get:“变得”口语。后接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式作表语,但不能与名词直接连用。
❉become:“变成,成为(人的情绪或身体状态的变化,或表示天气、社会的发展变化好坏情况均可,与get可以互换)。”后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语,不能与不定式连用。become可接表示职业的带有定冠词的单或复数名词。
注意:关于become和get:
(1) become 和get主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。
eg. become [get] angry, famous, fat, ill, old, well, deaf, strong, etc 生气,成名,发胖,得病,变老,痊愈,变聋,变强,等。
(2) become 和 get 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势:
eg.①It’s becoming [getting] cold (dark, cloudy, etc). 天渐冷了(黑了,多云了等)。
②Divorce is becoming [getting] more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。
❉go:“变成(人的身体、精神或事物某种由好到坏的情况)”,后接形容词、过去分词、名词作表语表示消极意义。
❉turn:“转变成”强调与原来不同的、新的变化,如变质、变色(颜色)等,与go互换。后接形容词、不带冠词的名词作表语,
后不接不定式。可接无冠词的表示职业的单或复数名词或接表示一定时间、年龄的数量词。
注意:关于go和come : (1) come 和 go 都可用作连系动词,表示事物状态的变化。
eg. ①go bald (deaf, insane, etc) 发秃,变聋,发疯等。
②The meat’s gone off (gone bad). 肉变味(变坏)了。
③The radio’s gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。
④Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。
⑤Everything came right. 一切顺利。
⑥Wrong never comes right. 错的永远不会变成对的。
⑦Your shoe-laces have come undone. 你的鞋带散了。
⑧The package is about to come unwrapped. 那个包快散开了。
⑨The children went wild with excitement. 孩子们欣喜若狂。
⑩She went pale at the news. 听了这消息她脸色变得苍白。
⑾He went mad in the end. 最后他疯了。
⑿Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 大热天鱼很容易坏。
⒀The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不应挨饿。
【注】① 但是 go 一般不与 old, tired, ill 等连用,遇此情况要用其他连系动词:grow [get] old 变老,fall [become] ill (sick) 生病,get [feel] tired 疲劳。
② go后接形容词通常表示的结果(见上例),在个别搭配中也表示现状:go hungry 挨饿,go naked 光着身子
③ come 除表示向好的方面变化外,还有以下常见搭配值得注意:come untied 解开,come loose 变松,come undone 松开
❉grow:“逐渐变得……”,强调其变化过程。后接形容词、分词、不定式,不可直接跟名词。
注意:关于grow : 主要表示逐渐变化,强调变化的过程。
eg.①It began to grow dark. 天色渐渐黑了。
②The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。
③The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日见严峻。
以上连系动词通常接形容词作表语,但有的还可接其他结构,如come, get, grow后可接不定式,become, turn后可接名词,get, grow后可接介词短语:
eg.①You’ll soon grow to like her. 你很快就会喜欢她的。
②It’s becoming a serious problem.它正在成为一个严重问题。
③The little plant grew into a tree. 幼苗长成了一棵树。
④They went out of fashion years ago.它们好多年前已变得不时新了。
【注】turn后接名词时,往往表示意想不到的变化,名词前通常用零冠词:
eg.①He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college. 他从医学院毕业后当了作家。
②比较:He became a writer after graduating from college.
2. look, seem, appear: “好像”
三者作系动词时在意义上的区别:
❉look:“好像,看起来”,一般用于非正式场合,侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象。
❉seem :“似乎,好像”,指说话人内心的估计与判断,有一定依据,接近于实际情况。
❉appear:“显得,好像”,常用于正式文体中,指某事物或人给他人的表面印象,有时含有实质上并非如此之意。
eg. ①He looks like his father. (指其长相看起来相像)
②He seems like his father. (指说话人从个性方面得到的判断)
③He appears like his father.(指他的外貌、衣着给他人的印象)
3. keep, remain, stay“保持……状态”
❉keep系动词用时“保持……状态”,后接adj.或介词短语其后常见:
alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy,firm in one’s stand等。
eg.①I hope it will keep fine.我希望天气继续好下去。
②We’d better keep in touch.我们最好保持联系。
❉remain,系动词“仍然存在……状态”,后接adj.、过去分词、名词或介词短语,强调某种状态前后无变化。
eg.①The door remained closed.门仍然关着。
②Your room remains like this.你的房间依旧是这样子。
❉stay,作系动词用时“保持……状态”,后接形容词、分词。
eg.①That fellow stayed single.那个小伙子仍保持单身。
②The door stayed closed.门一直关着(无比较的持续状态)
③It’s easy to stay hidden.躲起来很容易。
④Please stay seated.请继续坐着。
后常接的形容词有:calm, clean, fresh, healthy, tight, young, open, awake, still, warm, fine, as high as…,常可与keep互换。
eg. Stay/keep calm(clean, fine, healthy, awake等)
4. look, sound, smell, taste, feel的用法特点:
当这几个词用作连系动词的时候,它们的意思分别是“看起来”、“听起来”、“闻起来”、“尝起来”、“摸起来”,其用法特点如下:
特点一: 通常以被感觉的东西作主语,虽有被动词味,但不用被动语态。
eg.①误:The material is felt nice. 这料子摸起来不错。(is felt 应改为feels)
②误:The soup is tasted delicious. 这汤味道不错。(is tasted应改为tastes)
特点二: 其后均可接介词 like。
eg.①This looks (tastes, smells, feels) like an orange. 这东西看起来(吃起来,闻起来,摸起来)像桔子。
5.另外,taste和smell后还可接介词of,表示“有…的味道”:
②It tastes [smells] of fish. 这东西有鱼的味道。
5. 系动词continue的用法: continue可用作连系动词,其后可接形容词、介词短语等。
❉接形容词
eg. ①He continued silent. 他继续沉默着。
②We hope the weather will continue fine. 我们希望天气继续很好。
③It did not seem likely that he would continue long in that position. 他似乎不太可能长期留在这个职位。
❉接介词短语
eg.①Mother continues in weak health. 母亲身体仍然很虚弱。
②He continues in good condition. 他的健康情况仍然良好。
③After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longer up to the work / up to doing the work. 部长生病后继续任职,但他已力不胜任了。
6. run用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词搭配。
❉run cold
eg. ①My blood ran cold. 我的血都凉了。
②The sight of the dead body made his blood run cold. 他看见尸体不禁毛骨悚然。
③The water ran cold when I turned the tap on. 我把水龙头打开,水就凉了。
❉run dry
eg. ①The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。
②The little pond ran dry. 那座小池塘干涸了。
③The River Wey ran dry during the recent drought. 近来天气干旱,韦河干涸了。
❉run high
eg.①Feelings against him ran high反对他的情绪高涨。
②Feeling over the dismissal ran high. 对解雇事件群情鼎沸。
③Passions ran high as the election approached. 选举日期临近,人们情绪很高涨。
❉run loose eg.The lion has run loose. 狮子从笼子里跑出来了。
❉run low eg.①The petrol’s running low. 汽油快用完了。
②We’re running low on petrol. 我们的汽油不多了。
③Our supplies are running low. 我们的供应品不多了。
❉run short
eg.①I have run short of money. 我缺钱。
②Go and get some more oil so we don’t run short. 去多弄些油来以免到时候用光了。
③I’m late for work every day and I’m running short of excuses. 我每天迟到,现在找不到什么藉口了。
❉run small eg.These shirts run small. 这些衬衫小了。
❉run strong eg.The tide was running strong. 潮水上涨了。
❉run wild eg.①The violets are running wild in the flower bed. 紫罗兰在花圃里乱长。
②Those boys have been allowed to run wild. 那些男孩子无人管教肆无忌惮。
❉有时跟副词或介词短语:
eg. ①My contract runs out in September. 我的合同九月份到期。
②Our supplies soon ran out. 我们的供应品很快用完。
③The truck’s run out of gas again. 卡车又没有汽油了。
7.系动词become的用法: become用作连系动词,意为“成为”,其后可接:
❉(1) 名词:
①She has become a painter of distinction. 她成了一名杰出的画家。
②They became great friends. 他们成了莫逆之交。
③He aims to become a computer expert. 他打算当一名电脑专家。
❉ (2)形容词
.①She became very fond of her. 她变得非常喜欢她了。
②He soon became angry. 他过了一会儿就生气了。
③She has become familiar with the house. 她对这房子已变得很熟悉。
④I’ve become used to a vegetarian diet. 我已习惯于素食。
❉(3)过去分词
①They had just become engaged. 他们刚刚订婚。
②At last the truth became known to us. 我们终于知道了真相。
③The room soon became crowded. 房间很快变得拥挤起来。
④Jamie was becoming annoyed with me. 杰米变得对我不高兴起来。
❉(4)其后一般不接不定式
①他开始对生物感兴趣了。 误:He became to be interested in biology. 正:He became interested in biology.
②于是我们开始喜欢他了。 误:Then we became to like him. 正:Then we began [came] to like him.
8.系动词rest的用法: rest用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词搭配。
❉rest a mystery eg.The affair rests a mystery. 这件事一直是个谜。
❉rest easy eg. Rest easy. 不要紧张。
❉rest assured
①You can rest assured that I will do my best. 你放心,我会尽力。
②You can rest assured that I’ll do my best. 你可以放心我会尽力而为的。
③You may rest assured that everything possible is being done. 你尽管放心,正在尽力把一切都做好。
④You may rest assured that l will do everything I call to help you. 你可以相信我会尽力帮助你的。
❉rest thus eg.The matter rests thus—that you are responsible for the damage. 事实仍然是这样——你得对损坏负责。
知识点5系动词的使用特点
1. 所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语,此处略举数例。
2. 能用名词作表语的系动词有:be, become, turn sound, remain, seem等。
3. 能用不定式作表语的系动词有:appear, seem, get, prove, remain, turn out等。
4. 能接从句的有:be, seem, appear, sound, look等。
5. 能接介词短语的有:be, feel, look, sound, taste, remain等。 be是特别活跃的系动词,其后可接很多介词短语作表语。其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。
①It feels like a rain。
②It sounds like a train going under my room。
③It tastes of apples。(这有苹果的味道。)
④It looks like a rain。
⑤The concert remains in my memory。
6. 能接分词的系动词有:be, become, get, grow, seem, appear等。
He seems/ appears drunk。
系动词后还可接代词、数词、动名词、副词及其词组,基本都是be的用法。其他系动词几乎不能这样用或很少这样用。
7. 关于be:
英语的“be”是个特别动词; “Be”除了原形的“be”之外,还有另外七种形式:_________________________________.在句子中,“be”可以是主动词或助动词.
1) 当主动词时,“be”在性质上属于___________, 后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语。当有be的陈述句,要变成疑问句时方法简单,把主语和“be”或助动词对换位置即可。
①Is the man a science teacher?
②Have I been there before?
2)当“be”要在祈使句中出现时,它必须借助动词___________。
.①Don't be silly! ②Do be obedient! ③Don't be a fool!
3)“be”有两种缩写法: eg. He's not...../He isn't.... . You're not...../You aren't...
但“am + not”的缩写法只有一个:. I'm not. 有人用“ain't”, 但这并不是标准英语。
4)“be”作助动词时用法:
✿ “Be + 现在分词”以组成进行式时态;
✿ “Be + 过去分词”以组成被动语态。
知识点6常见系动词错误及其成因:
1. 是有漏掉系动词的倾向性,因为汉语中无系动词。
eg.I afraid he won’t come tomorrow(am)
2. 误用系动词
eg. His hands feel coldly.(feel本身作系动词与实义动词的差别不清)
英语中的系动词与实义动词的用法区分开,其后所接词性不尽相同,成份也不同。
考点3 助动词
知识点1 助动词的概念和功能
助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等常见助动词有be, have, shall, should, will, would, do
实例He doesn't speak English.他不说英语。(否定)
Do you have a brother?你有兄弟吗?(疑问)
We are playing basketball.我们正在打篮球。(时态)
知识点2 助动词的基本用法
1.助动词 be 的用法
1)加___________,构成进行时
The students are having class.学生们正在上课。
2)加___________,构成被动语态
The letter was received yesterday.那封倍昨天被收到了。
3)be+___________构成谓语可表示打算、决定、计划、安排、指示、命令、禁止、责任、义务、需要、可能性等
He is to leave next week.他决定下周离开。
You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow.你们明天必须交练习本。
Am I to go on with the work?这工作我该不该继续于下去?
2.助动词have的用法
1)have+过去分词构成___________
Have有人称和数的变化,当主语是第三人称单数时要用助动词 has,而在过去时态中都要用had
I have not seen her for a long time.我好久没见到她了。
By the end of last year, he had finished all his work.到去年底,他已经完成了全部工作。
2)have+been doing 构成___________
I have been staying there for a day我一整天都待在那儿。
注意:have 可作实义动词I have flu.我得了流感
3.助动词do的用法
1)将do,dose,did放在句首,构成一般现在时或一般过去时的___________。
Do you come from England?你来自英国吗?
What did he tell you?他跟你说什么了?
2)do加not,构成一般现在时或一般过去时的___________
I don't think so.我不认为这样。
3)用于替代前面出现的___________,以避免重复
He swims better than I do.他游泳游得比我好。(代替动词swim)
4)放在动词原级前,用于___________
Do be careful !千万要小心啦!
They did come,but did nothing.他们来是来了,可什么也没做。
前一个did就是用于强调,后一个did是实义动词
5)用于构成___________
— I love flowers.我喜欢花。
— So do I.我也喜欢。
Never did I hear of such a story.我从未听说过这样的故事。
注意:do也可用作实义动词I always do some reading in the evening.我晚上总要读些书。
4.助动词shall与will的用法(详见本专辑第08讲情态动词和虚拟语气)
shall/will+动词原形,可以构成一般将来时,表示“ 将来会......”。shall用于第一人称,will用于各种人称。
There will be more trees in one hundred years.100年后将有更多的树。
I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.到下一个生日,我就15岁了。
5.助动词should与would的用法
should 和 would 分别是 shall 和 will 的过去式,should/would+动词原形构成过去将来时。should 用于过去将来时态的第一人称,would 用于过去将来时态的各种人称。
The weather report said that we should have rain.天气预报说,我们这儿将有雨。
The boss said that there would be a meeting tomorrow.老板说明天将有一个会议。
注意:will, would,shall,should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外,更多的是用作情态动词shall,should用于第一人称表示单纯的将来时,在现代英语中分别用will,would代替
考点4 情态动词
知识点1 情态动词的概念和类别
情态动词:本身具有一定的意义,用于表达说话人的情感态度、语气或主观设想。情态动词不能独立作谓语,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词在特殊语境具有特殊含义(如:must“非得;偏要”,should“竟然”,shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等)是高考的热点和难点。常见情态动词的基本用法是高考考查的重点。必须根据具体语境判断使用相应的情态动词。
类别:1. 只作情态动词,如may, might, must, can等。
2. 既作情态动词又作实义动词,如need, dare。
3. 具有情态动词特征的动词词组,如have(had, has) to, used to, ought to。
4. 可做情态动词又可作助动词,如shall(should), will(would)。
知识点2 情态动词的基本用法
1.can和could用法归纳
用法
示例
1.表示“能力”时,can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力。
Susan isn't very good at maths, but she can speak English very well.苏珊并不擅长数学,但是她的英语说得很好。
We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。
2.表示“推测”时,can常用于否定句中,can't表示“不可能”。could表“推测”时,比can的可能性要小。
Mr. Black can't be at home—he has gone to America.布莱克先生不可能在家——他去美国了。
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。
3.表示“请求”或“许可”时,通常用于疑问句中;could表“请求”时比can更委婉。
—Could/Can you pick me up at the airport? 你能去机场接机好吗?
—Yes. I can. 好的,可以。
4.could have done表示“本可以做某事”;couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。
You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。
She can't have finished the work. 她不可能完成了那份工作。
5.be able to do表示“能够做某事”,不能与 can连用,但有更多时态。
I'm sure you will be able to look after yourself.我相信你会照顾你自己的。
I haven't been able to sleep very well recently. 最近我总是睡不好。
2.may和might用法归纳
用法
示例
1.may和might可用于肯定句中表“许可”,用在疑问句中表示“请求”。
She said I might call her at the weekend.她说我可以周末给她打电话。
May I borrow the car tomorrow?明天我能借用下车吗?
2. might表“推测”时,可能性比may的可能性小。
He may/might know the answer. 他可能知道答案。
He may/might not believe you. 他可能不会相信你。
3. may/might well do sth很可能, may/might as well do sth.不妨。
Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her.她的模样变化如此大,你很可能认不出她了。
You might as well give him the letter.你不妨把信给他。
4.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿。
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
May all your dreams come true! 祝你所有的梦想都实现!
5.may/might have done表示“可能已经做了某事”,但是把握不大。
She may have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。
It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危险了,我差点没命了。
3.must和have to用法归纳
用法
示例
1.must表示“必须”,强调说话人的主观态度,否定式为mustn't,意为“不允许,禁止。
Everyone must obey the rule.人人都必须遵守制度。
You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone.你必须保密,你不可以告诉任何人。
2.must表示“推测”,意为“一定是,准是",只用于肯定句中。must be doing肯定正在做某事。
He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.他肯定很懒,因为他的课桌很不整洁。
Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.多穿点儿衣服,你只穿一件衬衣,肯定觉得冷。
3.must表示“偏要”,指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。
Why must it rain today? 为什么偏偏在今天下雨?
4.have to表示客观需要,意为“不得不”,否定式为don’t have to,等于needn't。
You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.你不能在这里右拐,你必须左拐。
You have to stay for supper. 你得留下来吃晚饭。
4.will和would用法归纳
用法
示例
1.will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中,would比will语气更委婉。
Will you join our discussion? 你愿意加入我们的讨论吗?
Would you open the window, please? 请把窗户打开好吗?
2.will表示主观愿望、意志或决心,would用于过去的习惯性动作,意为“过去常常做某事”。
Go where you will. 你愿到哪里就到哪里。
She asked if I would go with them. 她问我是否愿意同他们一起去。
On summer evenings they would sit out in the garden. 夏天的晚上他们会坐在外面的花园里。
3. will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中,would表示委婉语气。
Won’t you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉?
Would you please post the 1etter for me? 请帮我寄了这封信好吗?
4.would用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向,意为“老是不”“总是不”。
My car wouldn't start this morning.今天早晨我的汽车怎么也发动不起来。
The door wouldn’t open, no matter how hard she pushed.不管她怎么用力推,门就是打不开。
5.would have done表示与过去事实相反的假设。
But for your help we would have been late .要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。
If she had seen you yesterday, she would have asked you about it. 要是她昨天看到你,她就要向你问起这件事。
5.shall, should和ought to用法归纳
用法
示例
1.shall用在第一三人称疑问句中时,表示征求对方意见。
Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow? 明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗?
2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时,表示说话人的允诺、命令、告诫等。
You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.到明天你就会得到我的答复的。
3.should/ought to表示责任,义务,意为“应该”,否定式为should not/ ought not to。
You shouldn’t be so careless. 你不应该这么粗心大意。
Humans ought to stop polluting nature.人类应停止污染大自然。
Ought I to hand in my composition now? 我现在就应该把作文交上吗?
4.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”。
It should be Mike who has taken away all the materials. 应该是迈克拿走了所有的材料。
5. should可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等,多用于It is necessary that…句型。
It’s surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack. 玛丽竟然爱上像杰克这样的人,真是奇怪。
6.should have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”,否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。
It was an easy test and he should have passed, but he didn’t. 那个测试很容易,他本来应该通过的,但却没有。
You should have told her the truth.你本应该告诉她真相的。
7.suggest, order, require that…从句常用“should do”, should 可省。
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
6. need和dare用法归纳
用法
示例
1.need用作情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句,后接动词原形。
Need I hand in my homework now?我现在就要交家庭作业吗?
I needn’t go this week.这星期我不必去。
2.needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。
I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday. 昨天我根本不需要借钱的。
3. need用作实意动词,接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。need doing=need to be done表示需要做。
My shirt needs a button.我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。
My car needs repairing=My care needs to be repaired.我的车该修理了。
4.dare用作情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句,只有dare和dared两种形式。
He dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.下雨天他不敢开得太快。
I wonder how he dare say such things.我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。
5.dare用作实意动词,接名不定式作宾语。
He dared me to jump over the stream.他激我跳过小溪。
Did anyone dare to admit it?有人敢于承认吗?
6. I dare say...我想,大概,可能,或许…….
I dare say things will improve.我想情况会好转的。
知识点3 情态动词的特殊用法
1.can/could的否定式与比较级连用表___________。
This bowl of noodles smells amazing! The aroma can't be any better! (香味不可能是更好了 → 香味棒极了)
2.can/could的否定式与enough或too (much)连用表示“___________”。
To master a new language, consistent practice is key. You can't practice enough. (你练习再多也不够 → 怎么练都不够/练再多也不过分)
If you see a student struggling and discouraged, you couldn't be too supportive or encouraging. (你给予再多支持或鼓励也不为过 → 越支持/鼓励越好)
3.must可表示“___________”,常用于疑问句或条件状语从句中。
Must you ask me such a question?你非得问我这样的问题吗?
mustn't 意为“不要,千万别”,表示禁止。
Children mustn't play with fire.孩子们不能玩火。
3. may/might as well表示“___________”。
The bus is so crowded that we may as well walk home. 公交车太挤了,我们不如走路回家。
You might as well tell him the truth — he will find out anyway. 你最好把真相告诉他——反正他也会发现。
5It’s too late to change the plan, so we may as well stick to it. 现在改计划太晚了,我们不妨坚持原计划。
If you’ve finished the exam, you might as well check your answers carefully. 如果你答完了试卷,最好仔细检查一下答案。
(5)would可表示___________,与used to相比,前者常表示过去反复的动作,后者常表示过去的状态或习惯,现在已不复存在。
used to+动词原形表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不再发生或不存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.过去在街角有一幢大楼,但现在已经被拆掉了。
I used not/didn't use to like opera. 我过去不喜欢歌剧。
Used you/Did you use to go to school on foot?你过去常常步行去上学吗?
(6)should还可以用在if引导的虚拟条件从句中。should置于句首时,省略if,相当于“___________”的意思。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。
Should you change your mind, please let us know.
万一你改变主意,请让我们知道。
④should还可用在以 why, who, how等开头的疑问句或某些感叹句中,带有感情色彩。意为“竟然,竟会”。
Why should you be so late today?
你今天竟然来得这么晚?
(7)had better/might as well的用法
①had better意为“___________”,后面接动词原形,否定式为had better not do。【高频再现】
We had better take an umbrella in case it rains.以防下雨,我们最好带把伞。
②might as well意为“___________”。 【高频再现】
The heavy rain ruined our trip. We might as well have stayed at home.
大雨毁了我们的旅行。我们还不如待在家里。
优题精练·专题实战通关
1.(2026·浙江·高考真题)假如你是李华,你发现校图书馆的书籍存在被勾画涂写的现象。请你向英文报投稿,内容包括:
(1)具体说明情况;
(2) 呼吁爱护书籍。
注意:
(1) 写作词数应为80个左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Treasure Library Books: Our Shared Responsibility
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.(2026·全国二卷·高考真题)假定你是李华,外教Kate计划将你们班的英语作文汇编成册。请给Kate写封邮件,内容包括:
(1)建议配图。
(2)自荐承担画图工作。
注意:
(1)写作词数应为80个左右。
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Kate,
It’s a great idea to make a collection of our English essays.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
3.(2026·全国一卷·高考真题)你校英文报“Opinion”栏目正在征稿,请同学们对未来大学生活中的学习(Study)、社交(Socialize)、睡眠(Sleep)这三件事按重要性进行排序,并阐述理由。
请你写一篇短文向该栏目投稿。
注意:
(1)写作词数应为80个左右。
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Ranking My College Life Essentials
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4.(2025·北京·高考真题)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。联合国正面向全球青少年开展倡议征集活动。你的外国好友Jim打算参加,为此发来邮件,就倡议内容询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复,内容包括:
1. 提出的建议;
2. 建议的理由。
提示词:倡议 proposal
注意:1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
5.(2025·上海·高考真题)Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校英语报举办征文活动,请学生谈谈对“Don’t be afraid to get your feet wet if you want to learn how to swim.”这句话的理解。写一篇征文稿,在文中你必须:
1) 简述你对这句话的理解;
2) 结合一个具体事例加以说明。
注:文中不得出现考生姓名、学校等真实个人信息。
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