专题07 定语从句（结构化知识+题型提升练）-2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破

**基本信息** 以结构化知识清单构建定语从句认知框架，通过题型分层训练实现从概念理解到语言运用的能力跃升，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |必备知识结构化清单|核心概念+关系词表格+特殊规则|关系词选择三步骤（判先行词→析从句成分→定代词/副词）；特殊规则记忆法（"只that不which"场景归类）|从"先行词-关系词-从句"三要素切入，通过表格对比建立关系词选择逻辑，延伸至限制性/非限制性从句差异及高频考点应用| |必备能力题型强化练|单选45题+语法填空1题|语境分析法（结合上下文判断从句成分）；写作合并技巧（简单句→定语从句转换）|以单选覆盖关系代词/副词、介词+关系代词等核心考点，语法填空强化"many of which"等结构，完形/阅读渗透从句理解，实现知识向语言运用迁移|

2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题07 定语从句 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 必备能力题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 I.核心概念三要素 定语从句是一个在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于一个形容词。它由三个核心部分构成： 先行词 (Antecedent)：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词 (Relative Word)：连接先行词和定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 定语从句 (Attributive Clause)：对先行词进行限定或补充说明的句子。 基本结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 II.关系词的选择 选择关系词的关键在于两点：先行词是什么 以及 它在从句中充当什么成分。 1.关系代词 在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的成分 例句 who 人 主语、宾语 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. whom 人 宾语（常可省略） Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. which 物 主语、宾语 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 That is the teacher that teaches us physics. whose 人或物 定语（表所属） He has a friend whose father is a doctor. as 人或物/整个句子 主语、宾语 As is known to all, China is a developing country. 2.关系副词 在从句中作状语。 关系副词 先行词类型 在从句中的成分 例句 when 时间名词 时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. where 地点名词 地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born. why reason 原因状语 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. ▲关键判断技巧： 当先行词是时间、地点或原因时，不要急于用关系副词。先分析从句是否缺少主语或宾语。如果缺，就用关系代词 that/which；如果不缺，才用关系副词 when/where/why。 III.限制性与非限制性定语从句 特征 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 无逗号与主句隔开 有逗号与主句隔开 意义 对先行词进行必要限定，去掉后句意不完整 对先行词或整个主句进行补充说明，去掉后句意仍完整 关系词 可用 that, who, which 等 不能用 that，常用 which, who, as 等 例句 China is a country which has a long history. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more powerful. IV.高频考点与特殊规则 1. 只能用 that 的情况 先行词是不定代词，如 all, everything, nothing, anything 等。 I told him all (that) I know. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, 序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. 2. 只能用 which 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时。 He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. 关系代词前有介词时 (介词 + which)。 This is the book on which I spent all my money. 3. “介词 + 关系代词”结构 介词的选择取决于：①从句动词的固定搭配；②先行词的意义；③句子的逻辑含义。 This is the watch for which I am looking. (look for) He lives on a mountain on top of which there is a temple. (on top of the mountain) 注意：含有介词的短语动词（如 look for, take care of）一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词后。 This is the watch (that/which) I am looking for. (正确) This is the watch for which I am looking. (错误) 4. as 的特殊用法 常用于 such...as..., the same...as..., as is known to all 等结构中。 As is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary. as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末。 5. what 不是定语从句的关系词！ what 本身含有“事物/事情”的含义，相当于 the thing(s) that，因此它引导的是名词性从句，而不是定语从句。 I don't understand what you said. (宾语从句，正确) I don't understand the words what you said. (错误, 应改为 that/which) 小贴士 在写作中，巧妙使用定语从句可以让句子更高级、逻辑更紧密。你可以尝试将两个简单句合并： 写人：My favorite teacher is Miss Li. She has taught me wisdom for growth. → My favorite teacher is Miss Li, who has taught me wisdom for growth. 写事：The activity will be held from June 10th to 14th. It is convenient for everyone. → The activity will be held from June 10th to 14th, which is convenient for everyone. 写地点：I will organize more activities inside the school. Students can improve their capacity in those activities. → I will organize more activities inside the school where students can improve their comprehensive capacity. ◇Part 02 必备能力题型强化练 一、单项选择 1．The girl who sold flowers in the street came across two gentlemen, one of ______ helped her with her English and made her become a graceful lady. A．which B．where C．whom D．that 2．Zhou believes part of the appeal lies in the strength of the museum’s artworks, many of ________, especially classical paintings, are widely recognized as cultural symbols. A．what B．those C．whom D．which 3．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _________, in such a desperate situation, he could turn for help. A．that B．to whom C．who D．from whom 4．Now children like to go to fast food restaurants, ________, as the name says, eating doesn’t take much time. A．where B．that C．which D．what 5．We must call the woman _________ bag is left in the dining hall. A．who B．which C．whose 6．Ryan had raised about $1000, ________a lot of food and drugs were bought for the local villagers. A．of whom B．for whom C．with which D．for which 7．There were about 669 children on the train, most of ________ were Jewish under the threat of the Nazis. A．who B．whom C．which D．them 8．At first, Ryan’s plan was to build a single well in Africa, ________ water was badly needed by local people. A．which B．when C．whose D．where 9．Children should be encouraged to participate in social activities __________ can help them develop their team spirit. A．where B．which C．who D．when 10．Children should be encouraged to participate in social activities __________ they can develop their team spirit. A．where B．which C．who D．when 11．Finning is a type of fishing ________ sharks are caught and their fins cut off. A．which B．that C．where D．when 12．We climbed to the top of the mountain, from ________ we had a beautiful view. A．what B．where C．that D．which 13．Is it three hours that it takes the boy ______ family is poor to come to school on foot? A．who B．whose C．which D．that 14．This is the system in ________ development Professor Li actively participated, and it has revolutionized the way we process data. A．which B．where C．whose D．that 15．The school’s new reading club provides a wonderful platform ________ students can exchange their thoughts on classic literature. A．which B．where C．whose D．when 16．Magritte was a painter ________ was inspired by his thoughts and ideas. A．who B．what C．how D．which 17．The theory he firmly sticks to proves to be completely useless in his new job __________ he struggles to adjust, due to its conflict with new methods. A．when B．with which C．to which D．that 18．The reason ________ the task was difficult was that the team had limited resources. A．that B．why C．which D．where 19．Peter invited over 30 people to his birthday party, most _________ are his classmates. A．in which B．of whom C．in whom D．of which 20．He has 20 books, only two of ________ are interesting. A．them B．that C．which D．what 21．The journey around the world took the young sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 225 days. A．of which B．during which C．of them D．during them 22．The discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs ________ have saved the lives of millions. A．which B．where C．what D．whose 23．I’d like to go for a walk in the countryside I can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere. A．that B．when C．which D．where 24．The ancient temple, ________ dates back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts thousands of visitors every year. A．where B．when C．which D．who 25．Mr. Wang suggested that Emma get familiar with the hall ________ she would give the presentation. A．when B．that C．which D．where 26．The concert ________ in the city hall next week is the very event ________ many music fans have been looking forward to. A．held; that B．to be held; / C．to hold; when D．being held; which 27．We are now living in an age ________ a great many jobs, especially those dangerous, are done by robots. A．when B．where C．that D．which 28．The old man enjoys telling us things and persons he met when he was young. A．who B．that C．which D．what 29．The expert ______ at the meeting yesterday talked about the new rule ______ has greatly influenced our daily life. A．referred to; that B．referring to; which C．referred to; what D．referring to; what 30．The exhibition showcases numerous valuable cultural heritage items, ________ from ancient calligraphy to classical architecture, ________ record the history of different dynasties. A．ranged; which B．range; what C．ranging; that D．ranging; which 31．________ didn’t occur to him that the way ________ he worked out the physics problem was much simpler than what the teacher had taught. A．It; / B．It; which C．That; in which D．That; that 32．The photographer managed to capture the moment _________ the eagle dived into the river to catch a fish. A．which B．where C．when D．what 33．________ is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun. A．What B．That C．It D．As 34．The young athlete trained hard to live up to the high standards ________ justify his place on the national team. A．where B．why C．that D．what 35．Ryan raised $2,000, ________ a well was built near a primary school. A．on which B．for which C．in which D．with which 36．The Qingming Festival is an occasion ________ people honour their ancestors by observing the traditional customs ________ down from generation to generation. A．where; passing B．that; passed C．when; passed D．when; passing 37．Adults, ________ overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ________ children do not. A．unless; but B．although; while C．when; where D．if; unless 38．In the corner of the dimly lit room ________ an old lady, on ________ rested a fat ginger cat with half-closed eyes. A．was seated; lap of whom B．seated; whose lap C．sat; the lap of whom D．was sitting; her lap 39．________ is known to all, excessive use of electronic devices can cause damage to our eyesight. A．It B．As C．What D．Which 40．That’s such an amazing museum ________ every art enthusiast longs to visit, ________ countless precious artworks. A．where…housing B．which…housed C．that…housed D．as…housing 41．_________ is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. A．That B．As C．Which D．It 42．The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ________ we watched some people play volleyball. A．by which B．in which C．on which D．from which 43．The day on which we visited the museum was one of the most memorable days of our trip. Here, “on which” refers to ________. A．on the day B．on the visit C．on the museum D．on the trip 44．There are many reasons for which people choose to live in big cities. In this sentence, “for which” can be replaced by ________ without changing the meaning. A．that B．when C．where D．why 45．— Do you know the reason why she was late? — Yes, it’s because her car broke down on the way. In this dialogue, “why” introduces a (an) ________. A．subject complement B．relative adverb C．object of preposition D．predicate nominative 二、完形填空 Back when I first wrote songs, I hated my own voice. I thought of myself only as a songwriter and guitarist, never a(an) 46 ! In Scotland, before moving to Germany, I once worked with a male singer. I had to record my voice to show him how I wanted the song to sound. To me, it sounded 47 thin, unconfident and out-of-tune. He told me I should just play the guitar, and I agreed. At that moment, my dream of singing seemed 48 forever! In Germany, I kept writing songs and began an 49 search for the perfect singer. After a few years, I finally found a female singer. Her voice was very close to my 50 . We started working together. We played many 51 together. She also made me sing a few songs at our shows. This practice showed me I could actually sing one or two of my own songs. So, I started going to “open microphone” nights at a bar to 52 these songs, though I was always very nervous. One day, we were going to rehearse for a show next week at that same bar. That bar also 53 the open microphone nights. But the singer came to my home and 54 me: the bar owner had replaced us! A famous jazz star from New York was 55 that night and would perform instead. This news 56 me greatly! That same night, there was still the open microphone. I decided to go and sing three new songs as I had planned. I felt 57 : let down, tired, and nervous! But I forced myself to go to the bar and I sang. I don’t remember if I sang well, but I didn’t care. That night in bed, I couldn’t 58 for a long time. I was so surprised. I could hardly believe I was the person who acted so 59 on stage. I realized I could sing all my songs by myself. And that’s what I do now — with great joy and 60 ! 46．A．teacher B．doctor C．singer D．driver 47．A．happily B．quietly C．embarrassingly D．perfectly 48．A．saved B．buried C．found D．remembered 49．A．short B．same C．happy D．endless 50．A．home B．school C．expectation D．friend 51．A．games B．meals C．movies D．concerts 52．A．forget B．write C．practice D．sell 53．A．cleaned B．drew C．held D．left 54．A．helped B．followed C．thanked D．informed 55．A．available B．strict C．late D．funny 56．A．angered B．excited C．cured D．taught 57．A．strong B．terrible C．lucky D．funny 58．A．fall asleep B．get up C．have dinner D．go out 59．A．slowly B．fearlessly C．carelessly D．sadly 60．A．regret B．sadness C．shame D．satisfaction 三、阅读理解 I had a serious problem. My sock drawer was mysteriously emptying. It wasn’t a ghost or a burglar; it was my dog, Buster, a fluffy, clever, and mischievous Golden Retriever. For weeks, I’d find single socks under the couch or behind the TV, but never the pairs. Buster would just look at me with his innocent eyes, tail thumping against the floor as if to say, “Socks? Missing? How odd!” I decided to investigate. One Tuesday afternoon, I pretended to leave for work but quietly circled back and peered through the window. What I saw was a scene of strange dog business. Buster was with a serious-looking Poodle from next door and a skeptical Beagle from down the street. On his fluffy bed, which wasn’t for sleeping, was a treasure collection. My socks were piled high upon it! The negotiation began. The Poodle, whom I recognized as Princess, stepped forward and dropped a high-quality, expensive dog biscuit at the edge of the bed. Buster sniffed it, nudged a single, plain white sock toward her, and then pulled back his paw, guarding the rest. Princess then added another biscuit to the pile. Satisfied, Buster used his nose to expertly push two striped socks toward her. The deal was done. Princess picked up her new socks and walked out proudly. Next was the Beagle, Barney. He offered a well-licked, slightly flat tennis ball. Buster looked utterly unfazed. He turned his head away with a snort. Barney cried, and unwillingly added a half-eaten pig’s ear to the offer. This got Buster’s attention. A quick exchange was made for one striped sock I burst in. “Buster! You furry little businessman!” All three dogs froze in guilty silence. Buster looked embarrassed, creeping over, not to apologize, but to gently nudge my least favorite pair of socks — the itchy Christmas ones from my aunt — toward my feet. It was a peace offering, a bribe (贿赂) to buy my silence. I couldn’t help but laugh. He wasn’t just a good thief; he was an excellent businessman. I took the socks. After all, every good economy needs a tax collector. 61．What drove the author to start the investigation? A．Buster’s barking at the sock drawer. B．A sock drawer left open frequently. C．Unexpected piles of socks on Buster’s bed. D．The odd appearance of socks around the house. 62．What was the final outcome of the trade between Princess and Buster? A．Princess traded a costly biscuit for a plain white sock. B．Princess exchanged two expensive biscuits for three socks. C．Buster exchanged his striped sock in the deal for a pig’s ear. D．Buster acquired a tennis ball and gave up two striped socks. 63．What does the underlined word “unfazed” mean in paragraph 4? A．Uninterested. B．Uncertain. C．Excited. D．Confused. 64．What might the author do at last? A．Make the neighbor pay for the traded socks. B．Report Buster’s business to the animal shelter. C．Accept the socks as a gesture of forgiving Buster. D．Take all of Buster’s collections away as a punishment. 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As is widely recognized, archaeology serves as 65 key to unlocking China’s time-honored civilization. What makes modern Chinese archaeology particularly 66 (attract) is its integration with artificial intelligence (AI). AI technologies, many of 67 have been independently developed by Chinese research teams, are revolutionizing the way archaeologists work. Not only are AI systems rich 68 data analysis capabilities but also they are extremely efficient when 69 (apply) to the restoration of cultural relics. 70 (help) archaeologists sort through tens of thousands of unearthed fragments in hours, AI has greatly shortened the research cycle and improved the accuracy of restoration. The application of AI in archaeology has brought far-reaching changes to the field. One remarkable benefit is that the 71 (cooperate) between archaeologists and AI experts can break through the limits of traditional manual work. Advanced as foreign AI technologies are, the AI tools developed by Chinese institutions 72 (tailor) to the characteristics of Chinese archaeological sites, indicating they have been functioning 73 (effective) in protecting cultural heritage. With China attaching greater importance to cultural heritage protection, AI archaeology is gaining global attention due to the fact that the international academic community has realized 74 great significance it is to combine cutting-edge technology with archaeological research. ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题07 定语从句 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 必备能力题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 I.核心概念三要素 定语从句是一个在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于一个形容词。它由三个核心部分构成： 先行词 (Antecedent)：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词 (Relative Word)：连接先行词和定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 定语从句 (Attributive Clause)：对先行词进行限定或补充说明的句子。 基本结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 II.关系词的选择 选择关系词的关键在于两点：先行词是什么 以及 它在从句中充当什么成分。 1.关系代词 在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的成分 例句 who 人 主语、宾语 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. whom 人 宾语（常可省略） Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. which 物 主语、宾语 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 That is the teacher that teaches us physics. whose 人或物 定语（表所属） He has a friend whose father is a doctor. as 人或物/整个句子 主语、宾语 As is known to all, China is a developing country. 2.关系副词 在从句中作状语。 关系副词 先行词类型 在从句中的成分 例句 when 时间名词 时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. where 地点名词 地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born. why reason 原因状语 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. ▲关键判断技巧： 当先行词是时间、地点或原因时，不要急于用关系副词。先分析从句是否缺少主语或宾语。如果缺，就用关系代词 that/which；如果不缺，才用关系副词 when/where/why。 III.限制性与非限制性定语从句 特征 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 无逗号与主句隔开 有逗号与主句隔开 意义 对先行词进行必要限定，去掉后句意不完整 对先行词或整个主句进行补充说明，去掉后句意仍完整 关系词 可用 that, who, which 等 不能用 that，常用 which, who, as 等 例句 China is a country which has a long history. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more powerful. IV.高频考点与特殊规则 1. 只能用 that 的情况 先行词是不定代词，如 all, everything, nothing, anything 等。 I told him all (that) I know. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, 序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. 2. 只能用 which 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时。 He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. 关系代词前有介词时 (介词 + which)。 This is the book on which I spent all my money. 3. “介词 + 关系代词”结构 介词的选择取决于：①从句动词的固定搭配；②先行词的意义；③句子的逻辑含义。 This is the watch for which I am looking. (look for) He lives on a mountain on top of which there is a temple. (on top of the mountain) 注意：含有介词的短语动词（如 look for, take care of）一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词后。 This is the watch (that/which) I am looking for. (正确) This is the watch for which I am looking. (错误) 4. as 的特殊用法 常用于 such...as..., the same...as..., as is known to all 等结构中。 As is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary. as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末。 5. what 不是定语从句的关系词！ what 本身含有“事物/事情”的含义，相当于 the thing(s) that，因此它引导的是名词性从句，而不是定语从句。 I don't understand what you said. (宾语从句，正确) I don't understand the words what you said. (错误, 应改为 that/which) 小贴士 在写作中，巧妙使用定语从句可以让句子更高级、逻辑更紧密。你可以尝试将两个简单句合并： 写人：My favorite teacher is Miss Li. She has taught me wisdom for growth. → My favorite teacher is Miss Li, who has taught me wisdom for growth. 写事：The activity will be held from June 10th to 14th. It is convenient for everyone. → The activity will be held from June 10th to 14th, which is convenient for everyone. 写地点：I will organize more activities inside the school. Students can improve their capacity in those activities. → I will organize more activities inside the school where students can improve their comprehensive capacity. ◇Part 02 必备能力题型强化练 一、单项选择 1．The girl who sold flowers in the street came across two gentlemen, one of ______ helped her with her English and made her become a graceful lady. A．which B．where C．whom D．that 2．Zhou believes part of the appeal lies in the strength of the museum’s artworks, many of ________, especially classical paintings, are widely recognized as cultural symbols. A．what B．those C．whom D．which 3．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _________, in such a desperate situation, he could turn for help. A．that B．to whom C．who D．from whom 4．Now children like to go to fast food restaurants, ________, as the name says, eating doesn’t take much time. A．where B．that C．which D．what 5．We must call the woman _________ bag is left in the dining hall. A．who B．which C．whose 6．Ryan had raised about $1000, ________a lot of food and drugs were bought for the local villagers. A．of whom B．for whom C．with which D．for which 7．There were about 669 children on the train, most of ________ were Jewish under the threat of the Nazis. A．who B．whom C．which D．them 8．At first, Ryan’s plan was to build a single well in Africa, ________ water was badly needed by local people. A．which B．when C．whose D．where 9．Children should be encouraged to participate in social activities __________ can help them develop their team spirit. A．where B．which C．who D．when 10．Children should be encouraged to participate in social activities __________ they can develop their team spirit. A．where B．which C．who D．when 11．Finning is a type of fishing ________ sharks are caught and their fins cut off. A．which B．that C．where D．when 12．We climbed to the top of the mountain, from ________ we had a beautiful view. A．what B．where C．that D．which 13．Is it three hours that it takes the boy ______ family is poor to come to school on foot? A．who B．whose C．which D．that 14．This is the system in ________ development Professor Li actively participated, and it has revolutionized the way we process data. A．which B．where C．whose D．that 15．The school’s new reading club provides a wonderful platform ________ students can exchange their thoughts on classic literature. A．which B．where C．whose D．when 16．Magritte was a painter ________ was inspired by his thoughts and ideas. A．who B．what C．how D．which 17．The theory he firmly sticks to proves to be completely useless in his new job __________ he struggles to adjust, due to its conflict with new methods. A．when B．with which C．to which D．that 18．The reason ________ the task was difficult was that the team had limited resources. A．that B．why C．which D．where 19．Peter invited over 30 people to his birthday party, most _________ are his classmates. A．in which B．of whom C．in whom D．of which 20．He has 20 books, only two of ________ are interesting. A．them B．that C．which D．what 21．The journey around the world took the young sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 225 days. A．of which B．during which C．of them D．during them 22．The discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs ________ have saved the lives of millions. A．which B．where C．what D．whose 23．I’d like to go for a walk in the countryside I can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere. A．that B．when C．which D．where 24．The ancient temple, ________ dates back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts thousands of visitors every year. A．where B．when C．which D．who 25．Mr. Wang suggested that Emma get familiar with the hall ________ she would give the presentation. A．when B．that C．which D．where 26．The concert ________ in the city hall next week is the very event ________ many music fans have been looking forward to. A．held; that B．to be held; / C．to hold; when D．being held; which 27．We are now living in an age ________ a great many jobs, especially those dangerous, are done by robots. A．when B．where C．that D．which 28．The old man enjoys telling us things and persons he met when he was young. A．who B．that C．which D．what 29．The expert ______ at the meeting yesterday talked about the new rule ______ has greatly influenced our daily life. A．referred to; that B．referring to; which C．referred to; what D．referring to; what 30．The exhibition showcases numerous valuable cultural heritage items, ________ from ancient calligraphy to classical architecture, ________ record the history of different dynasties. A．ranged; which B．range; what C．ranging; that D．ranging; which 31．________ didn’t occur to him that the way ________ he worked out the physics problem was much simpler than what the teacher had taught. A．It; / B．It; which C．That; in which D．That; that 32．The photographer managed to capture the moment _________ the eagle dived into the river to catch a fish. A．which B．where C．when D．what 33．________ is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun. A．What B．That C．It D．As 34．The young athlete trained hard to live up to the high standards ________ justify his place on the national team. A．where B．why C．that D．what 35．Ryan raised $2,000, ________ a well was built near a primary school. A．on which B．for which C．in which D．with which 36．The Qingming Festival is an occasion ________ people honour their ancestors by observing the traditional customs ________ down from generation to generation. A．where; passing B．that; passed C．when; passed D．when; passing 37．Adults, ________ overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ________ children do not. A．unless; but B．although; while C．when; where D．if; unless 38．In the corner of the dimly lit room ________ an old lady, on ________ rested a fat ginger cat with half-closed eyes. A．was seated; lap of whom B．seated; whose lap C．sat; the lap of whom D．was sitting; her lap 39．________ is known to all, excessive use of electronic devices can cause damage to our eyesight. A．It B．As C．What D．Which 40．That’s such an amazing museum ________ every art enthusiast longs to visit, ________ countless precious artworks. A．where…housing B．which…housed C．that…housed D．as…housing 41．_________ is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. A．That B．As C．Which D．It 42．The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ________ we watched some people play volleyball. A．by which B．in which C．on which D．from which 43．The day on which we visited the museum was one of the most memorable days of our trip. Here, “on which” refers to ________. A．on the day B．on the visit C．on the museum D．on the trip 44．There are many reasons for which people choose to live in big cities. In this sentence, “for which” can be replaced by ________ without changing the meaning. A．that B．when C．where D．why 45．— Do you know the reason why she was late? — Yes, it’s because her car broke down on the way. In this dialogue, “why” introduces a (an) ________. A．subject complement B．relative adverb C．object of preposition D．predicate nominative 二、完形填空 Back when I first wrote songs, I hated my own voice. I thought of myself only as a songwriter and guitarist, never a(an) 46 ! In Scotland, before moving to Germany, I once worked with a male singer. I had to record my voice to show him how I wanted the song to sound. To me, it sounded 47 thin, unconfident and out-of-tune. He told me I should just play the guitar, and I agreed. At that moment, my dream of singing seemed 48 forever! In Germany, I kept writing songs and began an 49 search for the perfect singer. After a few years, I finally found a female singer. Her voice was very close to my 50 . We started working together. We played many 51 together. She also made me sing a few songs at our shows. This practice showed me I could actually sing one or two of my own songs. So, I started going to “open microphone” nights at a bar to 52 these songs, though I was always very nervous. One day, we were going to rehearse for a show next week at that same bar. That bar also 53 the open microphone nights. But the singer came to my home and 54 me: the bar owner had replaced us! A famous jazz star from New York was 55 that night and would perform instead. This news 56 me greatly! That same night, there was still the open microphone. I decided to go and sing three new songs as I had planned. I felt 57 : let down, tired, and nervous! But I forced myself to go to the bar and I sang. I don’t remember if I sang well, but I didn’t care. That night in bed, I couldn’t 58 for a long time. I was so surprised. I could hardly believe I was the person who acted so 59 on stage. I realized I could sing all my songs by myself. And that’s what I do now — with great joy and 60 ! 46．A．teacher B．doctor C．singer D．driver 47．A．happily B．quietly C．embarrassingly D．perfectly 48．A．saved B．buried C．found D．remembered 49．A．short B．same C．happy D．endless 50．A．home B．school C．expectation D．friend 51．A．games B．meals C．movies D．concerts 52．A．forget B．write C．practice D．sell 53．A．cleaned B．drew C．held D．left 54．A．helped B．followed C．thanked D．informed 55．A．available B．strict C．late D．funny 56．A．angered B．excited C．cured D．taught 57．A．strong B．terrible C．lucky D．funny 58．A．fall asleep B．get up C．have dinner D．go out 59．A．slowly B．fearlessly C．carelessly D．sadly 60．A．regret B．sadness C．shame D．satisfaction 三、阅读理解 I had a serious problem. My sock drawer was mysteriously emptying. It wasn’t a ghost or a burglar; it was my dog, Buster, a fluffy, clever, and mischievous Golden Retriever. For weeks, I’d find single socks under the couch or behind the TV, but never the pairs. Buster would just look at me with his innocent eyes, tail thumping against the floor as if to say, “Socks? Missing? How odd!” I decided to investigate. One Tuesday afternoon, I pretended to leave for work but quietly circled back and peered through the window. What I saw was a scene of strange dog business. Buster was with a serious-looking Poodle from next door and a skeptical Beagle from down the street. On his fluffy bed, which wasn’t for sleeping, was a treasure collection. My socks were piled high upon it! The negotiation began. The Poodle, whom I recognized as Princess, stepped forward and dropped a high-quality, expensive dog biscuit at the edge of the bed. Buster sniffed it, nudged a single, plain white sock toward her, and then pulled back his paw, guarding the rest. Princess then added another biscuit to the pile. Satisfied, Buster used his nose to expertly push two striped socks toward her. The deal was done. Princess picked up her new socks and walked out proudly. Next was the Beagle, Barney. He offered a well-licked, slightly flat tennis ball. Buster looked utterly unfazed. He turned his head away with a snort. Barney cried, and unwillingly added a half-eaten pig’s ear to the offer. This got Buster’s attention. A quick exchange was made for one striped sock I burst in. “Buster! You furry little businessman!” All three dogs froze in guilty silence. Buster looked embarrassed, creeping over, not to apologize, but to gently nudge my least favorite pair of socks — the itchy Christmas ones from my aunt — toward my feet. It was a peace offering, a bribe (贿赂) to buy my silence. I couldn’t help but laugh. He wasn’t just a good thief; he was an excellent businessman. I took the socks. After all, every good economy needs a tax collector. 61．What drove the author to start the investigation? A．Buster’s barking at the sock drawer. B．A sock drawer left open frequently. C．Unexpected piles of socks on Buster’s bed. D．The odd appearance of socks around the house. 62．What was the final outcome of the trade between Princess and Buster? A．Princess traded a costly biscuit for a plain white sock. B．Princess exchanged two expensive biscuits for three socks. C．Buster exchanged his striped sock in the deal for a pig’s ear. D．Buster acquired a tennis ball and gave up two striped socks. 63．What does the underlined word “unfazed” mean in paragraph 4? A．Uninterested. B．Uncertain. C．Excited. D．Confused. 64．What might the author do at last? A．Make the neighbor pay for the traded socks. B．Report Buster’s business to the animal shelter. C．Accept the socks as a gesture of forgiving Buster. D．Take all of Buster’s collections away as a punishment. 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As is widely recognized, archaeology serves as 65 key to unlocking China’s time-honored civilization. What makes modern Chinese archaeology particularly 66 (attract) is its integration with artificial intelligence (AI). AI technologies, many of 67 have been independently developed by Chinese research teams, are revolutionizing the way archaeologists work. Not only are AI systems rich 68 data analysis capabilities but also they are extremely efficient when 69 (apply) to the restoration of cultural relics. 70 (help) archaeologists sort through tens of thousands of unearthed fragments in hours, AI has greatly shortened the research cycle and improved the accuracy of restoration. The application of AI in archaeology has brought far-reaching changes to the field. One remarkable benefit is that the 71 (cooperate) between archaeologists and AI experts can break through the limits of traditional manual work. Advanced as foreign AI technologies are, the AI tools developed by Chinese institutions 72 (tailor) to the characteristics of Chinese archaeological sites, indicating they have been functioning 73 (effective) in protecting cultural heritage. With China attaching greater importance to cultural heritage protection, AI archaeology is gaining global attention due to the fact that the international academic community has realized 74 great significance it is to combine cutting-edge technology with archaeological research. 参考答案 一、 1．C 【解析】句意：在街上卖花的女孩遇到了两位绅士，其中一位帮助她学习英语，使她成为了一位优雅的女士。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two gentlemen（两位绅士），前面有one of，应用关系代词whom。 2．D 【解析】句意：周认为(博物馆的)部分吸引力在于其藏品的实力，其中许多作品，尤其是古典绘画，被广泛视为文化象征。此处引导定语，修饰先行词artworks，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作介词of后宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。 3．B 【解析】句意：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个人在如此绝望的情况下他可以向其求助。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词person。短语turn to sb. for help意为“向某人求助”，关系代词在从句中作介词to的宾语，且介词to提前，构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。因为先行词指人，所以应使用to whom引导从句（in such a desperate situation为插入语）。 4．A 【解析】句意：现在孩子们喜欢去快餐店，正如名字所说，在那里吃东西不需要花太多时间。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为fast food restaurants，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此使用关系副词where。 5．C 【解析】句意：我们必须打电话给把包丢在食堂的那位女士。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the woman，和bag之间是所属关系，应用whose引导，作定语修饰bag。 6．C 【解析】句意：Ryan筹集了大约1000美元，用这笔钱为当地村民购买了大量的食物和药品。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词$1000，指物，关系代词应用which；且从句中表示“用这笔钱”，应用介词with，构成“介词+关系代词”结构。 7．B 【解析】句意：火车上大约有669名儿童，其中大多数是在纳粹威胁下的犹太人。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词为“669 children”，指人，在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，需用关系代词whom引导，符合语境。 8．D 【解析】句意：起初，瑞安的计划是在非洲建一口井，那里当地人非常需要水。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Africa，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 9．B 【解析】句意：应该鼓励孩子们参加能帮助他们培养团队精神的社会活动。空格处引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词social activities，指物。且从句中缺少主语，需要使用关系代词which或that来引导。选项中只有which符合条件。 10．A 【解析】句意：应该鼓励孩子们参加社会活动，在这些活动中他们可以培养团队精神。空处引导定语从句，先行词为social activities，且从句“they can develop their team spirit”结构完整，不缺主语或宾语等主干成分。关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些活动中”，应用关系副词where引导。 11．C 【解析】句意：割鳍是一种捕鱼方式，在这种方式中鲨鱼被捕获并被割掉鳍。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为a type of fishing，指代一种活动或情境，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词为抽象地点名词，所以此处使用关系副词where。 12．D 【解析】句意：我们爬到了山顶，从那里我们看到了美丽的景色。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the top of the mountain，指物。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句结构中，当先行词指物时，关系代词只能使用which，from which在从句中作地点状语。 13．B 【解析】句意：那个家庭贫困的男孩步行来学校需要花费三个小时吗？空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the boy，先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作定语修饰名词family，表示所属关系“这个男孩的”，应用关系代词whose。 14．C 【解析】句意：这就是李教授积极参与其开发的系统，它彻底改变了我们处理数据的方式。此处包含一个限制性定语从句，先行词为the system。从句中participate in为固定搭配，意为“参与”，介词in被提前至关系词前。从句的完整表达为“Professor Li actively participated in its (the system's) development”，关系词在从句中作定语修饰名词development，表示“该系统的”，应用关系代词whose。 15．B 【解析】句意：学校的新读书俱乐部为学生们提供了一个交流经典文学思想的绝佳平台。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。 16．A 【解析】句意：马格利特是一位受其思想和观念启发的画家。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词painter（画家），先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。 17．C 【解析】句意：他始终坚持的理论由于与新方法相冲突，在他努力适应的新工作中被证明完全无用。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词his new job。从句中adjust为不及物动词，表示“适应”时常与介词to搭配，即固定搭配adjust to sth。关系代词代替先行词在从句中作介词to的宾语，且先行词指物，故使用“介词to + 关系代词which”引导该定语从句。 18．B 【解析】句意：这项任务困难的原因是团队资源有限。空格处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词reason。从句结构完整，不缺少主语或宾语，因此需要使用关系副词。先行词reason表示原因，故使用关系副词why引导定语从句。 19．B 【解析】句意：彼得邀请了30多个人参加他的生日聚会，其中大多数是他的同学。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，先行词指人，且表示“他们中的大多数”应用固定搭配most of，先行词作介词of的宾语，指人应用whom，构成most of whom结构。 20．C 【解析】句意：他有20本书，其中只有两本是有趣的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“20 books”，关系词在介词of之后指代事物需要使用关系代词which。 21．A 【解析】句意：这位年轻水手的环球旅行耗时九个月，其中航行时间为225天。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是nine months，这里表示the sailing time of the journey was 225 days，用of which表所属范围，符合语境。 22．A 【解析】句意：青蒿素的发现促使了新药的研发，这些新药已经拯救了数百万人的生命。本空引导定语从句，先行词为new drugs，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。 23．D 【解析】句意：我想去乡村散步，在那里我可以欣赏美丽的景色和宁静的氛围。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此应用关系副词where引导。 24．C 【解析】句意：这座可以追溯到唐朝的古庙，每年吸引成千上万的游客。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The ancient temple，指物，且在从句中作主语（谓语为dates back to），因此应用关系代词which。 25．D 【解析】句意：Wang先生建议Emma熟悉一下她将要发表演讲的大厅。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the hall，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 26．B 【解析】句意：下周将在市政厅举行的音乐会正是许多音乐迷们一直期待的活动。句子谓语动词是is，第一空填入非谓语动词，根据“next week(下周)”可知，音乐会还未举行，应用不定式作后置定语，且the concert与hold之间是被动关系，所以第一空应用不定式的被动语态to be held；第二空引导定语从句，修饰先行词event，且关系词被the very修饰，且在定语从句中作look forward to的宾语，应用that引导，也可省略关系词。 27．A 【解析】句意：我们现在生活在一个许多工作，特别是那些危险的工作，都由机器人来完成的时代。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词an age，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，因此应用关系副词when引导。 28．B 【解析】句意：这位老人喜欢给我们讲他年轻时遇到的人和事。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词things and persons，在从句中作宾语，当先行词既包含人又包含物时，关系代词只能使用that。 29．A 【解析】句意：昨天在会议上被提及的那位专家谈论了那项已经极大地影响了我们日常生活的新规定。第一空，动词短语refer to（提及）与逻辑主语The expert之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故使用过去分词referred to作后置定语；第二空，先行词为the new rule，指代事物，且在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。 30．D 【解析】句意：这场展览展出了众多珍贵文物，范围涵盖从古代书法到古典建筑，这些文物记录了不同朝代的历史。第一空固定搭配range from…to… 表示“从……到……不等”，逻辑主语items与range为主动关系，用现在分词ranging作后置定语；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话所描述的事物，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词which。 31．A 【解析】句意：他没有想到，他解出这道物理题的方法比老师教的简单得多。第一空考查固定句型“It occurred to sb. that...”，意为“某人突然想到……”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句；第二空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the way，在定语从句中作方式状语，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。 32．C 【解析】句意：摄影师设法捕捉到了老鹰潜入河中抓鱼的那一刻。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the moment。从句成分完整，不缺少主语或宾语，先行词the moment表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。 33．D 【解析】句意：众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。逗号前为非限制性定语从句，修饰后面整个主句the earth moves around the sun，表示“正如”用As引导。as is known to us all为固定句型，意为“众所周知”。 34．C 【解析】句意：这位年轻的运动员刻苦训练，以达到证明他在国家队位置的高标准。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the high standards，关系词在从句中作主语，指代物，应用关系代词that或which。 35．D 【解析】句意：Ryan筹集了2000美元，用这笔钱在一所小学附近建了一口井。空处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为$2,000，指物；从句中表示“用这笔钱建了一口井”，表示“用……”用介词with，此处应用“介词with+关系代词which”引导定语从句。 36．C 【解析】句意：清明节是人们通过遵循世代相传的传统习俗来祭奠祖先的时刻。第一个空处引导定语从句，先行词occasion表时间，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导；第二个空处作后置定语修饰名词customs，customs与pass down“使流传，传承”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词passed作后置定语。 37．C 【解析】句意：成年人，当过于关注名利时，有时看不到简单事物中的乐趣，而孩子们却不会（这样）。此处表示“当过于关注名利时”，空格处意为“当……的时候”，第一空用when引导时间状语从句，省略了they are；第二空所在处表示“在简单的事情中孩子们不会看不到简单事物中的乐趣”，第二空用where引导定语从句，先行词things，从句中作抽象地点状语。 38．C 【解析】句意：在昏暗房间的角落里坐着一位老妇人，她的腿上趴着一只半闭着眼睛的胖橘猫。第一空，表示地点的介词短语In the corner of the dimly lit room位于句首，且主语an old lady为名词，句子需使用完全倒装结构，即“表示地点的介词短语+谓语动词+主语”，谓语动词使用sat；第二空，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是an old lady，指人，“她的腿”表达为the lap of whom，关系代词whom指代先行词作介词of的宾语，the lap of whom相当于whose lap，作介词on的宾语。 39．B 【解析】句意：众所周知，过度使用电子设备会对我们的视力造成损害。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号后面整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，需用关系代词as引导，as is known to all为固定句型，意为“众所周知”。 40．D 【解析】句意：这座博物馆太棒了，每位艺术爱好者都想去参观，馆内收藏着无数珍贵艺术品。分析句子可知，第一空考查定语从句，先行词为museum，前面有such修饰，且从句中动词visit缺少宾语，故使用as引导定语从句，构成such...as...固定结构；第二空考查非谓语动词，动词house（收藏）与逻辑主语museum之间为主动关系，故使用现在分词housing作状语。 41．B 【解析】句意：众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。此处为as引导非限制性定语从句，as指代后面整个主句“the earth goes around the sun”的内容，并在从句中作主语，意为“正如”。 42．C 【解析】句意：第二天，我和哥哥去了海滩，我们在那里看到一些人正在打排球。空格处是“介词+which”引导定语从句，此处表示“在海滩上”，是on the beach，因此介词用on。 43．A 【解析】句意：我们参观博物馆的那天，是此次旅行中最难忘的日子之一。on which we visited the museum为限制性定语从句，先行词是the day，定语从句还原为we visited the museum on the day，把on the day换成关系代词on which，“on which”指的是on the day。 44．D 【解析】句意：人们选择住在大城市有很多原因。“for which people choose to live in big cities”是定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，for which在从句中作原因状语，所以可以用why替换for which。 45．B 【解析】句意：—— 你知道她迟到的原因吗？——知道，是因为她的车在路上抛锚了。句中why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在从句中作原因状语，why是关系副词。 二、 46．C 47．C 48．B 49．D 50．C 51．D 52．C 53．C 54．D 55．A 56．A 57．B 58．A 59．B 60．D 【解析】作者曾嫌弃自己的嗓音不敢唱歌，历经挫折勇敢登台，最终重拾歌唱自信与热爱。 【解析】46．考查名词。句意：我只把自己当作词曲作者和吉他手，从不把自己当作一名歌手！A. teacher老师；B. doctor医生；C. singer歌手；D. driver司机。根据前文“I hated my own voice”可知，作者不认为自己是歌手。 47．考查副词。句意：对我来说，我的声音听起来尴尬地单薄、不自信且跑调。A. happily开心地；B. quietly安静地；C. embarrassingly令人尴尬地；D. perfectly完美地。根据后文“thin, unconfident and out-of-tune”可知，作者觉得自己的歌声十分糟糕、令人尴尬。 48．考查动词。句意：在那一刻，我唱歌的梦想似乎永远被埋没了！A. saved拯救；B. buried埋藏、埋没；C. found发现；D. remembered记得。根据前文“He told me I should just play the guitar, and I agreed. ”可知，作者放弃唱歌，歌唱梦想被彻底埋没。 49．考查形容词。句意：在德国，我继续写歌，并开始无休止地寻找合适的歌手。A. short短暂的；B. same相同的；C. happy开心的；D. endless无休止的。根据后文“After a few years, I finally found a female singer”可知，作者寻找歌手的过程漫长且无休止。 50．考查名词。句意：她的嗓音非常贴合我的预期。A. home家；B. school学校；C. expectation预期、期望；D. friend朋友。根据上文“After a few years, I finally found a female singer.”和下文“We started working together.”可知，作者一直在寻找合适的歌手，最终找到的歌手嗓音符合自己对歌曲演唱的期待，然后开始合作。 51．考查名词。句意：我们一起举办了多场音乐会。A. games游戏；B. meals饭菜；C. movies电影；D. concerts音乐会。根据后文“She also made me sing a few songs at our shows”中的shows可知，二人一同演出、举办音乐会。 52．考查动词。句意：所以我开始去酒吧的开放麦之夜练习这些歌曲，尽管我总是很紧张。A. forget忘记；B. write书写；C. practice练习；D. sell售卖。根据上文“going to “open microphone” nights at a bar”可知，作者去开放麦的目的是练习演唱自己的歌曲。 53．考查动词。句意：这家酒吧也举办开放麦之夜活动。A. cleaned打扫；B. drew绘画；C. held举办；D. left离开。根据下文“the open microphone nights.”可知，这家酒吧也举办活动。 54．考查动词。句意：但是这位歌手来到我家，告知我：酒吧老板换掉了我们！A. helped帮助；B. followed跟随；C. thanked感谢；D. informed告知。根据后文“the bar owner had replaced us! ”可知，歌手告知作者这个坏消息。 55．考查形容词。句意：一位来自纽约的著名爵士明星当晚有空，将代替我们演出。A. available有空的；B. strict严格的；C. late迟到的；D. funny有趣的。根据上文“the bar owner had replaced us”新人被替换可知，是因为有知名明星当晚有空可以演出。 56．考查动词。句意：这个消息让我非常生气！A. angered使生气；B. excited使兴奋；C. cured治愈；D. taught教导。根据上文“the bar owner had replaced us! ”可知，原定的演出被无故替换，这件事会让作者感到气愤。 57．考查形容词。句意：我感觉糟糕透顶：失落、疲惫且紧张！A. strong强壮的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. lucky幸运的；D. funny滑稽的。根据后文“let down, tired, and nervous”多种负面情绪可知，作者心情极差。 58．考查动词短语。句意：那天晚上躺在床上，我久久无法入睡。A. fall asleep入睡；B. get up起床；C. have dinner吃晚饭；D. go out外出。根据上文“I don’t remember if I sang well, but I didn’t care.”作者复杂的心情可知，作者难以入眠。 59．考查副词。句意：我几乎不敢相信自己是那个在舞台上无所畏惧的人。A. slowly缓慢地；B. fearlessly无畏地、大胆地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. sadly悲伤地。根据上文“ But I forced myself to go to the bar and I sang.”可知，作者在舞台上表现得无所畏惧。 60．考查名词。句意：而这就是我现在所做的——满怀喜悦与满足！A. regret遗憾；B. sadness悲伤；C. shame羞愧；D. satisfaction满足。呼应上文“ with great joy”此处指作者内心充满满足感。 三、 61．D 62．B 63．A 64．C 【解析】这篇文章主要讲述了作者发现袜子不断丢失，暗中观察后发现自家狗狗偷袜子，还和邻居的狗用袜子交换零食、玩具。主人撞见后哭笑不得，收下狗狗递来的袜子作罢。 61．细节理解题。根据第一段中“For weeks, I’d find single socks under the couch or behind the TV, but never the pairs. (几周来，我总能在沙发底下或电视后面找到单只袜子，却从没发现成对的。)”可知，作者决定调查的直接原因是家里各处总是莫名其妙出现单只袜子，却找不到成对的。 62．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Poodle, whom I recognized as Princess, stepped forward and dropped a high-quality, expensive dog biscuit at the edge of the bed. Buster sniffed it, nudged a single, plain white sock toward her, and then pulled back his paw, guarding the rest. Princess then added another biscuit to the pile. Satisfied, Buster used his nose to expertly push two striped socks toward her. (我认出那只贵宾犬是“公主”，它走上前，在床边放了一块高档昂贵的狗饼干。巴斯特闻了闻，把一只普通的白色袜子推到她面前，然后收起爪子，保护着剩下的。“公主”又往堆里加了一块饼干。巴斯特满意地用鼻子灵巧地将两只条纹袜子推到了她身边。)”可知，贵宾犬“公主”先后拿出两块昂贵的饼干，最终从巴斯特那里换得了1只白袜子和 2只条纹袜子，共计3只袜子。 63．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线单词句中“He offered a well-licked, slightly flat tennis ball. Buster looked utterly…. (他递来一只被舔得干干净净、略微扁平的网球。巴斯特看起来……。)”以及后文“He turned his head away with a snort. (他哼了一声把头扭过去。)”描述巴斯特转过头去并哼了一声，说明他对巴尼拿出的网球完全不感兴趣。由此可知，unfazed 意为“不为所动的、不感兴趣的”，与A选项Uninterested“不感兴趣的”词义最接近。 64．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I couldn’t help but laugh. He wasn’t just a good thief; he was an excellent businessman. I took the socks. After all, every good economy needs a tax collector. (我不禁笑了起来。他不只是个好小偷，更是一位出色的商人。我拿下了那双袜子。毕竟，每个好经济都需要一个收税人。)”可推知，作者最后可能会接受巴斯特的道歉并原谅了他。 四、 65．a 66．attractive 67．which 68．in 69．applied 70．To help 71．cooperation 72．are tailored 73．effectively 74．what 【解析】本文阐述了考古学对揭开中国悠久文明的关键作用，特别强调了现代中国考古学与人工智能（AI）的融合。 65．考查冠词。句意：众所周知，考古学是揭开中国悠久文明的一把钥匙。此处表示泛指“一把钥匙”，key是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。 66．考查形容词。句意：现代中国考古学特别吸引人之处在于它与人工智能（AI）的融合。此处作宾语补足语，应用形容词attractive，意为“吸引人的”，说明现代中国考古学的特点。 67．考查定语从句。句意：许多由中国研究团队自主开发的AI技术，正在彻底改变考古学家的工作方式。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为AI technologies，指物，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。 68．考查介词。句意：AI系统不仅具备丰富的数据分析能力，而且应用于文物修复时效率极高。be rich in为固定短语，意为“在……方面丰富；富含……”，所以此处填in。 69．考查非谓语动词。句意：AI系统不仅具备丰富的数据分析能力，而且应用于文物修复时效率极高。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词are，此处应用非谓语动词。AI systems与apply之间是被动关系，即AI系统被应用，所以用过去分词applied作状语，表被动和完成。 70．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助考古学家在数小时内整理数以万计的出土碎片，AI大大缩短了研究周期，提高了修复的准确性。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示AI发挥作用的目的是帮助考古学家，所以用To help，句首单词首字母大写。 71．考查名词。句意：一个显著的好处是，考古学家与AI专家之间的合作可以突破传统手工工作的限制。根据空前的the可知，此处应用名词cooperation，意为“合作”，作主语。 72．考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管国外的AI技术很先进，但中国机构开发的AI工具是根据中国考古遗址的特点量身定制的，这表明它们在保护文化遗产方面一直在有效地发挥作用。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语the AI tools与tailor之间是被动关系，即工具被量身定制，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语是复数，所以用are tailored。 73．考查副词。句意：尽管国外的AI技术很先进，但中国机构开发的AI工具是根据中国考古遗址的特点量身定制的，这表明它们在保护文化遗产方面一直在有效地发挥作用。此处修饰动词functioning，应用副词effectively，意为“有效地”。 74．考查宾语从句。句意：随着中国对文化遗产保护的重视程度不断提高，AI考古正受到全球关注，因为国际学术界已经意识到将前沿技术与考古研究相结合具有多么重大的意义。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，作realized的宾语，从句中缺少修饰名词significance的词，所以用what引导，what在从句中修饰significance，构成感叹句结构“what +形容词+名词+主语+谓语”，表示“多么……的……” ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $