专题04 句子成分与句子结构(结构化知识+题型提升练)-2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破

2026-06-12
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天空英语
进店逛逛

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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语人教版必修第一册
年级 高一
章节 -
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 -
使用场景 寒暑假-暑假
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 126 KB
发布时间 2026-06-12
更新时间 2026-06-12
作者 天空英语
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-06-12
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价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

**基本信息** 以结构化知识清单为基础,通过四步拆分法系统构建句子成分与结构认知,实现从基础到复杂句的逻辑递进,提升语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |必备知识结构化清单|系统梳理8大句子成分、5大基本句型、3类结构句子|长难句四步拆分法(找谓语→剥修饰→分谓非谓→写作应用)、双宾语转换、省to不定式规则|从成分定义(主/谓/宾等)到句型构建(5大简单句),再到复杂句分类(简单/并列/复合句),层层递进| |必备能力题型强化练|55道单选,涵盖成分判断、句型分析、长难句结构等|句子成分定位技巧、感叹句/反意疑问句公式化解题、复合句引导词辨析|题型对应知识清单核心考点,从基础识别到复杂句拆分,强化知识迁移与思维逻辑|

内容正文:

2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破(结构化知识+题型提升练) 专题04 句子成分与句子结构 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点,夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 必备能力题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练,提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 要点总览 知识点类别 具体名称 定义/说明 例句 句子成分 主语 (Subject) 句子陈述的对象,说明“谁”或“什么”,通常由名词、代词或名词性短语充当。 She loves music. 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语的动作、状态或特征,通常由动词或动词短语充当。 He runs fast. 宾语 (Object) 动作的承受者,分为直接宾语和间接宾语,通常由名词、代词充当。 I bought a book. 表语 (Predicative) 位于系动词之后,用来说明主语的身份、性质、状态等。 She is a teacher. 定语 (Attribute) 用来修饰、限定名词或代词,说明“什么样的”或“谁的”。 The red apple is sweet. 状语 (Adverbial) 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。 He studies hard. 补足语 (Complement) 用来补充说明主语或宾语的状态、身份等,分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。 We made him monitor. 同位语 (Appositive) 放在名词/代词后,用来解释、说明前面名词的具体内容,二者指代同一人/物。紧跟被解释名词后,常用逗号隔开。 My brother, Jack, is a doctor.( Jack 是brother的同位语。) 句子类型 (按用途分) 陈述句 (Declarative) 用于陈述事实或观点,句末用句号。 It is a sunny day. 疑问句 (Interrogative) 用于提出问题,句末用问号。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句等。 Do you like coffee? 祈使句 (Imperative) 用于表示请求、命令、建议或劝告,通常省略主语You,句末用句号或感叹号。 Please close the door. 感叹句 (Exclamatory) 用于表达强烈的情感,如惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等,常用What或How引导。 What a beautiful flower it is! 句子类型 (按结构分) 简单句 (Simple Sentence) 只包含一个主谓结构(或并列主谓)的句子。 Birds fly. 并列句 (Compound Sentence) 由两个或两个以上简单句通过并列连词(and, but, or等)连接而成。 I like tea, but he likes coffee. 复合句 (Complex Sentence) 包含一个主句和一个或多个从句(如定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句)的句子。 I know that he is honest. 核心知识 I.英语的句子成分 一、主语 (Subject, S) 定义:句子的叙述主体,指明“谁/什么”,是动作的发出者或被描述的对象。 位置:通常位于句首;倒装句、疑问句中位置后移。 可充当主语的词/结构及例句: 1. 名词 The park is very big. 这个公园很大。 2. 人称代词/物主代词 They play basketball every weekend. 他们每周周末打篮球。 3. 动名词(doing):表习惯性、经常性动作 Swimming is good for health. 游泳有益健康。 4. 动词不定式(to do):表具体、一次性动作/将来动作 To learn English well takes time. 学好英语需要时间。 5. 主语从句(复合句高频考点) That he passed the exam surprised us all. 他通过了考试,我们都很惊讶。 ▲形式主语 it 当不定式、动名词、从句作主语且句子较长时,常用 it 作形式主语,真正主语后置。 结构:It + 谓语 + 真正主语 例:It is important to keep calm.(真正主语:to keep calm)保持冷静很重要。 二、谓语 (Predicate, V) 定义:说明主语的动作、状态、特征,是句子必不可缺的核心成分。 分类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词,高中重点区分四类用法。 1. 实义动词(有实际动作含义) 不及物动词(vi.):后面不能直接接宾语,可接状语。 例:The birds fly freely. 鸟儿自由飞翔。 及物动词(vt.):后面必须接宾语,语义才完整。 例:I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 2. 连系动词(本身无完整词义,后必须接表语,构成主系表结构) 1) 状态系动词:be (am/is/are/was/were/being/been) 例:We are classmates. 我们是同学。 2) 感官系动词(五感):look, sound, smell, taste, feel 提示:无被动语态,后接形容词作表语,不接副词。 例:The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。 3) 变化系动词:become, get, turn, grow, go(多指变坏) 例:The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。 3. 助动词(无实义,协助构成时态、语态、否定、疑问) 常用:do/does/did, have/has/had, will, be 例:She has finished her homework.(助动词has + 实义动词构成现在完成时) 4. 情态动词(表语气:能够、必须、可能等,后接动词原形) 常用:can/could, may/might, must, should, need 例:You must obey the rules. 你必须遵守规则。 ▲一个简单句一般只有一套谓语动词,多个动词要区分谓语与非谓语。 三、表语 (Predicative, P) 定义:紧跟系动词之后,补充说明主语的身份、性质、状态、位置。 位置:固定在系动词后。 可充当表语的结构: 1. 形容词(最常用):The weather is cold. 天气很冷。 2. 名词/代词:My dream is a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。 3. 介词短语:They are in the classroom. 他们在教室里。 4. 不定式(to do):My goal is to enter a key university. 我的目标是考上重点大学。 5. 分词(doing/done):The movie is moving. 这部电影很感人。 6. 表语从句:My hope is that you can come back soon. 我的希望是你早日归来。 ▲易混辨析:表语 vs 宾语 表语:搭配系动词;宾语:搭配及物动词/介词。 例:He is happy.(happy 表语,系动词is) He likes happiness.(happiness 宾语,及物动词likes) 四、宾语 (Object, O) 定义:及物动词或介词的动作对象,分为直接宾语、间接宾语。 1. 单宾语(S+V+O) 动作直接承受者,可由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句充当。 例:I enjoy reading.(动名词作宾语) I believe what you said.(宾语从句作宾语) 2. 双宾语(S+V+间接宾语IO + 直接宾语DO) 间接宾语(IO):多指人,表动作指向的对象; 直接宾语(DO):多指物,表动作的内容。 常用接双宾语的动词:give, send, tell, buy, show, teach, pass 例:He told me a story.(me 间接宾语;a story 直接宾语) ▲句式转换(高考写作常考) S + V + DO + to/for + IO 加 to:give, send, tell, show, pass He gave a pen to me. 加 for:buy, make, cook Mom bought a gift for me. 3. 介词宾语 介词后面的名词/代词,统称为介词宾语。 例:She is looking at the blackboard.(blackboard 作介词at的宾语) 五、定语 (Attribute, Att) 定义:修饰、限定名词/代词,翻译为“……的”。 两大位置:前置定语、后置定语(高考单选、完形、长难句核心考点) 1. 前置定语(放在被修饰词前,多为单个单词) 词性:形容词、名词、代词、数词 例:a red apple(形容词);three books(数词) 2. 后置定语(放在被修饰词后,多为短语、从句) 1) 介词短语作后置定语 The girl under the tree is my deskmate. 树下的女孩是我的同桌。 2) 分词短语作后置定语 The boy running on the playground is Tom. 在操场上跑步的男孩是汤姆。 3) 定语从句(高中重难点) I like the book which you lent me. 我喜欢你借给我的那本书。 ▲特殊规则:不定代词(something, anything, nothing) 定语必须后置 例:There is something important. 有一件重要的事。 六、状语 (Adverbial, Adv) 定义:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件、让步、程度、伴随等。 位置:灵活,可置于句首、句中、句末。 按功能分类(配例句+引导词): 1. 时间状语:We get up at 6:30. 我们六点半起床。 2. 地点状语:She studies in Beijing. 她在北京求学。 3. 方式状语:He writes carefully. 他写字很认真。 4. 原因状语:He cried because he was hurt. 他因为受伤哭了。 5. 条件状语:If it is fine, we will go hiking. 如果天气好,我们就去徒步。 6. 让步状语:Though he is young, he knows a lot. 虽然他年纪小,但懂得很多。 ▲副词、介词短语、分词、状语从句均可作状语,是长难句最常见的修饰成分。 七、补足语 (Complement, C) 分为宾语补足语(宾补 OC) 和主语补足语(主补 SC),作用是补充说明主体特征/动作。 1. 宾语补足语(紧跟宾语后,S+V+O+OC 句型专用) 补充说明宾语的状态、动作。 可作宾补的结构:形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语。 例:We keep the room clean.(形容词作宾补) I asked him to wait.(不定式作宾补) ▲重点考点:省to不定式 使役动词(make, let, have)、感官动词(see, hear, watch, feel)后,不定式作宾补省略to。 例:I saw him go into the classroom. 被动还原to(必考易错点): He was seen to go into the classroom. 2. 主语补足语 多用于被动语态,补充说明主语,由宾补演变而来。 例:The room is kept clean.(clean 主语补足语) 八、同位语 (Appositive, App) 定义:放在名词/代词后,用来解释、说明前面名词的具体内容,二者指代同一人/物。 位置:紧跟被解释名词后,常用逗号隔开。 例: 1. My brother, Jack, is a doctor. Jack 是brother的同位语。 2. We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。 ▲拓展:同位语从句(名词性从句考点) The news that we won the game made us happy. (that从句解释说明news,为同位语从句) II.英语简单句的基本句型 英语简单句主要由这5种句型构成,是拆分长难句、写句子的根基,标注谓语动词属性。 句型1:主谓 (S + Vi) 主语 + 不及物动词 核心:谓语是不及物动词,无宾语,语义完整;可接状语。 公式:主语 + 不及物动词 (+ 状语) 例句: 1. The rain stopped. 雨停了。 2. He runs every morning.(every morning 时间状语) ▲高频不及物动词:appear, happen, arrive, rise, fall, laugh 句型2:主谓宾 (S + Vt + O) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 核心:谓语是及物动词,必须接宾语,语义才完整。 公式:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 例句: 1. She finished her homework. 2. We respect our teachers. ▲宾语可叠加从句,形成基础复合句。 句型3:主系表 (S + Link V + P) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 核心:无宾语,系动词+表语构成复合谓语,描述主语状态。 公式:主语 + 系动词 + 表语 例句: 1. The cake tastes delicious. 2. He became a teacher last year. ▲易错:感官动词后只能接形容词,不能用副词。 句型4:主谓双宾 (S + Vt + IO + DO) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 核心:谓语为可接双宾语的特殊及物动词。 两种语序转换(写作必用): 1. S + V + 人 + 物 I gave her a flower. 2. S + V + 物 + to/for + 人 I gave a flower to her. 句型5:主谓宾宾补 (S + Vt + O + OC) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 核心:宾语语义不完整,需要宾补补充说明。 公式:主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 ▲高频搭配动词:call, make, find, keep, ask, tell, see, hear 例句: 1. We call him Xiao Ming.(名词作宾补) 2. The teacher told us to read aloud.(不定式作宾补) III.英语句子按句子结构分类:三大句子类型 一、简单句 1. 定义:整个句子只有一套主谓结构,无并列连词、无从句。 2. 范围:五大基本句型全部属于简单句。 3. 拓展:简单句可以有多个定语、状语、同位语等修饰成分,但谓语只有一个。 例:The tall boy beside me likes playing basketball. (主干:boy likes basketball;tall/ beside me 为修饰成分,仍为简单句) 二、并列句 1. 定义:由并列连词连接两个或多个独立的简单句,每个分句都有完整主谓。 2. 并列连词分类(附逻辑+例句,高考完形/语法填空高频) 例句: I get up early and I exercise every day. He is rich, but he is not happy. Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. It rained heavily, so we stayed at home. ▲易错点:并列句两套主谓,不能混用从句引导词。 三、复合句(高中重中之重,长难句核心) 1. 定义:由主句 + 一个或多个从句构成,从句依附主句,不能独立成句。 2. 三大从句体系 (1)名词性从句 在句中充当名词成分(主语、宾语、表语、同位语),分为4类: 主语从句:What he did moved everyone. 宾语从句:I don’t know where he lives. 表语从句:The problem is that we have no time. 同位语从句:I have no idea when he will come. 常用引导词:that, if/whether, 特殊疑问词(what/who/where/when) (2)定语从句 修饰前面的名词/代词(先行词),相当于形容词,分为限制性/非限制性定语从句。 引导词:关系代词(who/whom/which/that/whose)、关系副词(when/where/why) 例:The man who helped me is my neighbor. (3)状语从句 在句中作状语,根据语义分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果等。 例: 时间:When spring comes, flowers bloom. 让步:No matter what you do, don’t give up. IV.按语气/用途分类:四大句式 1. 陈述句(陈述事实、观点) 肯定句:She speaks French. 否定句:借助助动词do/does/did、be动词、情态动词加not构成。 She does not speak French. 2. 疑问句 1) 一般疑问句:用yes/no回答,be/情态动词/助动词提前 Do you like music? 2) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(what/who/where等)+一般疑问语序 Where do you study? 3) 选择疑问句:or 连接选项,不用yes/no回答 Do you like tea or coffee? 4) 反意疑问句(高考难点):前肯后否、前否后肯 He is honest, isn’t he? 3. 祈使句(表命令、请求、劝告) 主语you通常省略,动词原形开头;否定式:Don’t + 动词原形 Stand up. / Don’t run in the hallways. 特殊结构:Let’s go. 咱们走吧。 4. 感叹句(表强烈情绪:喜、怒、哀、乐) 两大固定公式(写作、单选必考) 1. What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 (+ 主谓)! What a lovely girl (she is)! 2. How + 形容词/副词 (+ 主谓)! How quickly he runs! ▲英语长难句拆分步骤 1. 拆分句子第一步:找谓语动词 数清谓语数量:1个谓语 → 简单句;2个及以上 → 并列句/复合句。 2. 剥离修饰成分 先去掉定语、状语、同位语、插入语,快速找出句子主干。 3. 区分谓语与非谓语 to do / doing / done 属于非谓语,不作句子谓语。 4. 写作应用 基础段:多用五大简单句,保证语法正确; 提升段:合理使用并列句、状语从句、定语从句,丰富句式。 ◇Part 02 必备能力题型强化练 一、单项选择 1.The company has__________ a new production process aimed at reducing both costs and waste. A.adopted B.available C.flexible D.sustainable 2.How ________ our lives in the next decade? A.do you think AI will change B.you think will AI change C.do you think will AI change D.you think that AI will change 3.The company is developing a new type of battery, ________ capable of being fully charged in under five minutes. A.which B.one C.the one D.as 4.It is a surprising and important gap, ________ health-workers and policymakers can’t afford to ignore. A.one that B.where C.the ones D.that 5.Globalization, ________ economies, cultures, and societies become interconnected, has transformed international trade and communication. A.by which the process B.by the process C.the process by which D.which by the process 6.______ is often the case that the good habits we stick to ______ from our early school life. A.As; developing B.It; develop C.It; developing D.As; develop 7.Our physics teacher made another small invention, ________ of great help to our study. A.what I think is B.what I think it is C.which I think is D.which I think it is 8.Is this house ________ you visited last Sunday? A.which B.that C.the one D.where 9.The old building was built ________. A.in 1720s B.in the 1720 C.in the 1720s’ D.in the 1720s 10.She is ________ girl, but she is interested in history and science. A.ten years old B.ten years’ C.a ten-year-old D.ten year old 11.In the sentence “We made the room clean.”, the complement is _____. A.We B.made C.the room D.clean 12.In the sentence “Lily reads books every day.”, the subject is _____. A.Lily B.reads C.books D.every day 13.Written Chinese/ has also become/ an important means/ by which China’s present is connected with its past. A.主+系+表+定从 B.主+系+表+状从 C.主+谓+宾+定从 D.主+谓+宾+状从 14.However,/ dangerous conditions and damaged roads/ will make/ it/ difficult/ to deliver food and supplies. A.状+主+谓+宾+宾补+状 B.状+主+谓+直宾+间宾+状 C.状+主+谓+(形)宾+宾补+(真)宾 D.状+主+谓+直宾+间宾+定 15.It / is not / possible / to preserve everything from our past / as we move towards the future. A.宾+系+表+主+状从 B.主+系+表+主+状从 C.主+谓+宾+主+状从 D.主+系+表+状+状从 16.Listening to English radio programmes / helps / me / get used to how fast native speakers talk. A.主+谓+间宾+直宾 B.主+系+表+状 C.主+谓+宾+状 D.主+谓+宾+宾补 17.I / am sure / he will listen to you, / since you are his good friend. A.主+系+表从+状从 B.主+谓+宾从+状从 C.主+谓+状从+定从 D.主+系+表从+定从 18.China /is widely known for /its ancient civilisation /which has continued all the way through into modern times, /despite the many ups and downs in its history. A.主+谓+宾+定从+状 B.主+谓+宾+状从+状 C.主+系+表+定从+状 D.主+系+表+状从+状从 19.I/found/most of my classmates and teachers/friendly and helpful. A.主+谓+宾+宾补 B.主+谓+直宾+间宾 C.主+谓+宾+定 D.主+谓+宾+状 20.The school adviser/ helped/ me / choose the suitable ones. A.主+谓+宾+定 B.主+谓+宾+状 C.主+谓+宾+宾补 D.主+系+表+定 21.As a player, / Lang Ping / brought / honour and glory / to her country. A.状+主+系+表+状 B.状+主+谓+宾+宾补 C.状+主+谓+直宾+间宾 D.定+主+谓+宾+状 22.Today, the Chinese writing system/is/still an important part of Chinese culture. A.主+谓+宾 B.主+谓+状 C.主+谓+定 D.主+系+表 23.People often fail to see ________ a huge difference a little encouragement can make in someone’s life. A.how B.what C.that D.whether 24.________ interesting book it is ! Many students want to read it again. A.What B.What an C.How D.How an 25.Let’s go to the library after class, ________? A.shall we B.will you C.won’t you D.shouldn’t we 26.He seldom came here, __________? A.didn’t he B.does he C.did he D。doesn’t she 27.— You must have been completely exhausted when you crossed the marathon finish line, ________? — Surprisingly no, I felt an unexpected burst of energy at that very moment. A.mustn’t you B.haven’t you C.didn’t you D.weren’t you 28.— You didn’t finish your homework yesterday, did you? — ________. I had a bad cold and couldn’t do it. A.Yes, I did B.No, I didn’t C.Yes, I didn’t D.No, I did 29.It doesn’t matter if Helen brings her cousin to the get-together, ________? A.does it B.doesn’t it C.doesn’t she D.does she 30.Linda ate nothing this morning, ________? A.didn’t she B.was she C.did she D.wasn’t she 31.— I don’t think he is telling us the full story, ______? — Yes, he is. A.is he B.does he C.am I D.do I 32.—Is this your ball, Nick? —Yes,________. A.this is B.it’s C.here is D.it is 33.I don’t think Jack could have heard our plan for the summer holiday last night, ______? A.do I B.has he C.hasn’t he D.did he 34.You’d rather stay at home and read a book on such a rainy day, ________? A.hadn’t you B.didn’t you C.wouldn’t you D.would you 35.—Can you write stories or tell stories? —_________. A.Yes, I can write stories B.No, I can't tell stories C.I can write stories D.I can't write stories 36.—Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine? — _________. A.Yes, a dictionary B.No, a magazine C.A dictionary D.Yes, both 37.Tom asked Mary where _______ the night before. A.she went B.did she go C.she had gone D.had she gone 38.______ meticulously (细致地) by the professor on the blackboard, but the students still struggled to grasp the underlying logic of the complex mathematical formula. A.Having been presented B.Presented C.Being presented D.It had been presented 39. , but he insisted that he to school. A.Although he was ill; went B.Having been ill; go C.Having been ill; should go D.He was ill; go 40.Not only ________my skills of communication but also ________me to know more about our traditional culture. A.the activity trained; it allowed B.did the activity train; did it allow C.did the activity train; it allowed D.the activity trained; did it allow 41.What or where we eat on Spring Festival Eve really ________. A.don’t matter B.doesn’t matter C.aren’t matter D.isn’t matter 42.— I’ve been struggling with my physics homework and I’m feeling really discouraged. — ______. Every expert was once a beginner. A.Don’t stand on ceremony B.Don’t beat yourself up C.That’s a piece of cake D.You have my word 43.If there is any problem with the smart cleaner, ______ the manager directly, please. A.contacting B.to contact C.contact D.contacted 44.— Everyone works so hard. — Yes. We should work hard now, ______ we’ll regret when we are older. A.and B.yet C.but D.or 45.______ not to dwell on (纠结于) past mistakes and regrets, creating a mental prison of negativity that hinders personal growth, but to gain a profound understanding of one’s strengths and weaknesses. A.Reflect B.Reflecting C.To reflect D.Having reflected 46.Attention please! Everybody who has signed up for the course ________ at the classroom before eight next Monday morning. A.arrives B.arrive C.arriving D.to arrive 47.______ the website of the tourism, and you will learn something important about the places of interest. A.To search B.searching C.Search D.Searched 48.In any emergency, simply ________ the red button and an agent will get you the help you need. A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 49.________ weather! We can’t go shopping. Let’s stay at home. A.What a bad B.How bad C.What bad D. How a bad 50.______! After serving as a backup member for 24 years, Chinese astronaut, Deng Qingming’s dream finally came true. A.What inspiring news B.What an inspiring news C.How inspiring news D.How inspiring a news 51.—Let’s go to Qionghai Wetland Park to enjoy the sunshine after the exams. —________ interesting suggestion A.What an B.How C.What D.How an 52.________ role the internet plays in our daily communication! A.What important B.How important C.What an important D.How an important 53.— ______ important it is to show good manners at work! — You are right. It’s truly the key to ______ bright career. A.How; an B.How; a C.What;a D.What; an 54.________  useful the online translation tool is for our English study! A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 55.________ hard the students are working in the classroom! A.What B.What a C.How D.How a ( 1 / 2 )学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破(结构化知识+题型提升练) 专题04 句子成分与句子结构 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点,夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 必备能力题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练,提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 要点总览 知识点类别 具体名称 定义/说明 例句 句子成分 主语 (Subject) 句子陈述的对象,说明“谁”或“什么”,通常由名词、代词或名词性短语充当。 She loves music. 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语的动作、状态或特征,通常由动词或动词短语充当。 He runs fast. 宾语 (Object) 动作的承受者,分为直接宾语和间接宾语,通常由名词、代词充当。 I bought a book. 表语 (Predicative) 位于系动词之后,用来说明主语的身份、性质、状态等。 She is a teacher. 定语 (Attribute) 用来修饰、限定名词或代词,说明“什么样的”或“谁的”。 The red apple is sweet. 状语 (Adverbial) 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。 He studies hard. 补足语 (Complement) 用来补充说明主语或宾语的状态、身份等,分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。 We made him monitor. 同位语 (Appositive) 放在名词/代词后,用来解释、说明前面名词的具体内容,二者指代同一人/物。紧跟被解释名词后,常用逗号隔开。 My brother, Jack, is a doctor.( Jack 是brother的同位语。) 句子类型 (按用途分) 陈述句 (Declarative) 用于陈述事实或观点,句末用句号。 It is a sunny day. 疑问句 (Interrogative) 用于提出问题,句末用问号。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句等。 Do you like coffee? 祈使句 (Imperative) 用于表示请求、命令、建议或劝告,通常省略主语You,句末用句号或感叹号。 Please close the door. 感叹句 (Exclamatory) 用于表达强烈的情感,如惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等,常用What或How引导。 What a beautiful flower it is! 句子类型 (按结构分) 简单句 (Simple Sentence) 只包含一个主谓结构(或并列主谓)的句子。 Birds fly. 并列句 (Compound Sentence) 由两个或两个以上简单句通过并列连词(and, but, or等)连接而成。 I like tea, but he likes coffee. 复合句 (Complex Sentence) 包含一个主句和一个或多个从句(如定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句)的句子。 I know that he is honest. 核心知识 I.英语的句子成分 一、主语 (Subject, S) 定义:句子的叙述主体,指明“谁/什么”,是动作的发出者或被描述的对象。 位置:通常位于句首;倒装句、疑问句中位置后移。 可充当主语的词/结构及例句: 1. 名词 The park is very big. 这个公园很大。 2. 人称代词/物主代词 They play basketball every weekend. 他们每周周末打篮球。 3. 动名词(doing):表习惯性、经常性动作 Swimming is good for health. 游泳有益健康。 4. 动词不定式(to do):表具体、一次性动作/将来动作 To learn English well takes time. 学好英语需要时间。 5. 主语从句(复合句高频考点) That he passed the exam surprised us all. 他通过了考试,我们都很惊讶。 ▲形式主语 it 当不定式、动名词、从句作主语且句子较长时,常用 it 作形式主语,真正主语后置。 结构:It + 谓语 + 真正主语 例:It is important to keep calm.(真正主语:to keep calm)保持冷静很重要。 二、谓语 (Predicate, V) 定义:说明主语的动作、状态、特征,是句子必不可缺的核心成分。 分类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词,高中重点区分四类用法。 1. 实义动词(有实际动作含义) 不及物动词(vi.):后面不能直接接宾语,可接状语。 例:The birds fly freely. 鸟儿自由飞翔。 及物动词(vt.):后面必须接宾语,语义才完整。 例:I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 2. 连系动词(本身无完整词义,后必须接表语,构成主系表结构) 1) 状态系动词:be (am/is/are/was/were/being/been) 例:We are classmates. 我们是同学。 2) 感官系动词(五感):look, sound, smell, taste, feel 提示:无被动语态,后接形容词作表语,不接副词。 例:The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。 3) 变化系动词:become, get, turn, grow, go(多指变坏) 例:The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。 3. 助动词(无实义,协助构成时态、语态、否定、疑问) 常用:do/does/did, have/has/had, will, be 例:She has finished her homework.(助动词has + 实义动词构成现在完成时) 4. 情态动词(表语气:能够、必须、可能等,后接动词原形) 常用:can/could, may/might, must, should, need 例:You must obey the rules. 你必须遵守规则。 ▲一个简单句一般只有一套谓语动词,多个动词要区分谓语与非谓语。 三、表语 (Predicative, P) 定义:紧跟系动词之后,补充说明主语的身份、性质、状态、位置。 位置:固定在系动词后。 可充当表语的结构: 1. 形容词(最常用):The weather is cold. 天气很冷。 2. 名词/代词:My dream is a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。 3. 介词短语:They are in the classroom. 他们在教室里。 4. 不定式(to do):My goal is to enter a key university. 我的目标是考上重点大学。 5. 分词(doing/done):The movie is moving. 这部电影很感人。 6. 表语从句:My hope is that you can come back soon. 我的希望是你早日归来。 ▲易混辨析:表语 vs 宾语 表语:搭配系动词;宾语:搭配及物动词/介词。 例:He is happy.(happy 表语,系动词is) He likes happiness.(happiness 宾语,及物动词likes) 四、宾语 (Object, O) 定义:及物动词或介词的动作对象,分为直接宾语、间接宾语。 1. 单宾语(S+V+O) 动作直接承受者,可由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句充当。 例:I enjoy reading.(动名词作宾语) I believe what you said.(宾语从句作宾语) 2. 双宾语(S+V+间接宾语IO + 直接宾语DO) 间接宾语(IO):多指人,表动作指向的对象; 直接宾语(DO):多指物,表动作的内容。 常用接双宾语的动词:give, send, tell, buy, show, teach, pass 例:He told me a story.(me 间接宾语;a story 直接宾语) ▲句式转换(高考写作常考) S + V + DO + to/for + IO 加 to:give, send, tell, show, pass He gave a pen to me. 加 for:buy, make, cook Mom bought a gift for me. 3. 介词宾语 介词后面的名词/代词,统称为介词宾语。 例:She is looking at the blackboard.(blackboard 作介词at的宾语) 五、定语 (Attribute, Att) 定义:修饰、限定名词/代词,翻译为“……的”。 两大位置:前置定语、后置定语(高考单选、完形、长难句核心考点) 1. 前置定语(放在被修饰词前,多为单个单词) 词性:形容词、名词、代词、数词 例:a red apple(形容词);three books(数词) 2. 后置定语(放在被修饰词后,多为短语、从句) 1) 介词短语作后置定语 The girl under the tree is my deskmate. 树下的女孩是我的同桌。 2) 分词短语作后置定语 The boy running on the playground is Tom. 在操场上跑步的男孩是汤姆。 3) 定语从句(高中重难点) I like the book which you lent me. 我喜欢你借给我的那本书。 ▲特殊规则:不定代词(something, anything, nothing) 定语必须后置 例:There is something important. 有一件重要的事。 六、状语 (Adverbial, Adv) 定义:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件、让步、程度、伴随等。 位置:灵活,可置于句首、句中、句末。 按功能分类(配例句+引导词): 1. 时间状语:We get up at 6:30. 我们六点半起床。 2. 地点状语:She studies in Beijing. 她在北京求学。 3. 方式状语:He writes carefully. 他写字很认真。 4. 原因状语:He cried because he was hurt. 他因为受伤哭了。 5. 条件状语:If it is fine, we will go hiking. 如果天气好,我们就去徒步。 6. 让步状语:Though he is young, he knows a lot. 虽然他年纪小,但懂得很多。 ▲副词、介词短语、分词、状语从句均可作状语,是长难句最常见的修饰成分。 七、补足语 (Complement, C) 分为宾语补足语(宾补 OC) 和主语补足语(主补 SC),作用是补充说明主体特征/动作。 1. 宾语补足语(紧跟宾语后,S+V+O+OC 句型专用) 补充说明宾语的状态、动作。 可作宾补的结构:形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语。 例:We keep the room clean.(形容词作宾补) I asked him to wait.(不定式作宾补) ▲重点考点:省to不定式 使役动词(make, let, have)、感官动词(see, hear, watch, feel)后,不定式作宾补省略to。 例:I saw him go into the classroom. 被动还原to(必考易错点): He was seen to go into the classroom. 2. 主语补足语 多用于被动语态,补充说明主语,由宾补演变而来。 例:The room is kept clean.(clean 主语补足语) 八、同位语 (Appositive, App) 定义:放在名词/代词后,用来解释、说明前面名词的具体内容,二者指代同一人/物。 位置:紧跟被解释名词后,常用逗号隔开。 例: 1. My brother, Jack, is a doctor. Jack 是brother的同位语。 2. We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。 ▲拓展:同位语从句(名词性从句考点) The news that we won the game made us happy. (that从句解释说明news,为同位语从句) II.英语简单句的基本句型 英语简单句主要由这5种句型构成,是拆分长难句、写句子的根基,标注谓语动词属性。 句型1:主谓 (S + Vi) 主语 + 不及物动词 核心:谓语是不及物动词,无宾语,语义完整;可接状语。 公式:主语 + 不及物动词 (+ 状语) 例句: 1. The rain stopped. 雨停了。 2. He runs every morning.(every morning 时间状语) ▲高频不及物动词:appear, happen, arrive, rise, fall, laugh 句型2:主谓宾 (S + Vt + O) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 核心:谓语是及物动词,必须接宾语,语义才完整。 公式:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 例句: 1. She finished her homework. 2. We respect our teachers. ▲宾语可叠加从句,形成基础复合句。 句型3:主系表 (S + Link V + P) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 核心:无宾语,系动词+表语构成复合谓语,描述主语状态。 公式:主语 + 系动词 + 表语 例句: 1. The cake tastes delicious. 2. He became a teacher last year. ▲易错:感官动词后只能接形容词,不能用副词。 句型4:主谓双宾 (S + Vt + IO + DO) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 核心:谓语为可接双宾语的特殊及物动词。 两种语序转换(写作必用): 1. S + V + 人 + 物 I gave her a flower. 2. S + V + 物 + to/for + 人 I gave a flower to her. 句型5:主谓宾宾补 (S + Vt + O + OC) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 核心:宾语语义不完整,需要宾补补充说明。 公式:主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 ▲高频搭配动词:call, make, find, keep, ask, tell, see, hear 例句: 1. We call him Xiao Ming.(名词作宾补) 2. The teacher told us to read aloud.(不定式作宾补) III.英语句子按句子结构分类:三大句子类型 一、简单句 1. 定义:整个句子只有一套主谓结构,无并列连词、无从句。 2. 范围:五大基本句型全部属于简单句。 3. 拓展:简单句可以有多个定语、状语、同位语等修饰成分,但谓语只有一个。 例:The tall boy beside me likes playing basketball. (主干:boy likes basketball;tall/ beside me 为修饰成分,仍为简单句) 二、并列句 1. 定义:由并列连词连接两个或多个独立的简单句,每个分句都有完整主谓。 2. 并列连词分类(附逻辑+例句,高考完形/语法填空高频) 例句: I get up early and I exercise every day. He is rich, but he is not happy. Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. It rained heavily, so we stayed at home. ▲易错点:并列句两套主谓,不能混用从句引导词。 三、复合句(高中重中之重,长难句核心) 1. 定义:由主句 + 一个或多个从句构成,从句依附主句,不能独立成句。 2. 三大从句体系 (1)名词性从句 在句中充当名词成分(主语、宾语、表语、同位语),分为4类: 主语从句:What he did moved everyone. 宾语从句:I don’t know where he lives. 表语从句:The problem is that we have no time. 同位语从句:I have no idea when he will come. 常用引导词:that, if/whether, 特殊疑问词(what/who/where/when) (2)定语从句 修饰前面的名词/代词(先行词),相当于形容词,分为限制性/非限制性定语从句。 引导词:关系代词(who/whom/which/that/whose)、关系副词(when/where/why) 例:The man who helped me is my neighbor. (3)状语从句 在句中作状语,根据语义分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果等。 例: 时间:When spring comes, flowers bloom. 让步:No matter what you do, don’t give up. IV.按语气/用途分类:四大句式 1. 陈述句(陈述事实、观点) 肯定句:She speaks French. 否定句:借助助动词do/does/did、be动词、情态动词加not构成。 She does not speak French. 2. 疑问句 1) 一般疑问句:用yes/no回答,be/情态动词/助动词提前 Do you like music? 2) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(what/who/where等)+一般疑问语序 Where do you study? 3) 选择疑问句:or 连接选项,不用yes/no回答 Do you like tea or coffee? 4) 反意疑问句(高考难点):前肯后否、前否后肯 He is honest, isn’t he? 3. 祈使句(表命令、请求、劝告) 主语you通常省略,动词原形开头;否定式:Don’t + 动词原形 Stand up. / Don’t run in the hallways. 特殊结构:Let’s go. 咱们走吧。 4. 感叹句(表强烈情绪:喜、怒、哀、乐) 两大固定公式(写作、单选必考) 1. What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 (+ 主谓)! What a lovely girl (she is)! 2. How + 形容词/副词 (+ 主谓)! How quickly he runs! ▲英语长难句拆分步骤 1. 拆分句子第一步:找谓语动词 数清谓语数量:1个谓语 → 简单句;2个及以上 → 并列句/复合句。 2. 剥离修饰成分 先去掉定语、状语、同位语、插入语,快速找出句子主干。 3. 区分谓语与非谓语 to do / doing / done 属于非谓语,不作句子谓语。 4. 写作应用 基础段:多用五大简单句,保证语法正确; 提升段:合理使用并列句、状语从句、定语从句,丰富句式。 ◇Part 02 必备能力题型强化练 单项选择 1.The company has__________ a new production process aimed at reducing both costs and waste. A.adopted B.available C.flexible D.sustainable 2.How ________ our lives in the next decade? A.do you think AI will change B.you think will AI change C.do you think will AI change D.you think that AI will change 3.The company is developing a new type of battery, ________ capable of being fully charged in under five minutes. A.which B.one C.the one D.as 4.It is a surprising and important gap, ________ health-workers and policymakers can’t afford to ignore. A.one that B.where C.the ones D.that 5.Globalization, ________ economies, cultures, and societies become interconnected, has transformed international trade and communication. A.by which the process B.by the process C.the process by which D.which by the process 6.______ is often the case that the good habits we stick to ______ from our early school life. A.As; developing B.It; develop C.It; developing D.As; develop 7.Our physics teacher made another small invention, ________ of great help to our study. A.what I think is B.what I think it is C.which I think is D.which I think it is 8.Is this house ________ you visited last Sunday? A.which B.that C.the one D.where 9.The old building was built ________. A.in 1720s B.in the 1720 C.in the 1720s’ D.in the 1720s 10.She is ________ girl, but she is interested in history and science. A.ten years old B.ten years’ C.a ten-year-old D.ten year old 11.In the sentence “We made the room clean.”, the complement is _____. A.We B.made C.the room D.clean 12.In the sentence “Lily reads books every day.”, the subject is _____. A.Lily B.reads C.books D.every day 13.Written Chinese/ has also become/ an important means/ by which China’s present is connected with its past. A.主+系+表+定从 B.主+系+表+状从 C.主+谓+宾+定从 D.主+谓+宾+状从 14.However,/ dangerous conditions and damaged roads/ will make/ it/ difficult/ to deliver food and supplies. A.状+主+谓+宾+宾补+状 B.状+主+谓+直宾+间宾+状 C.状+主+谓+(形)宾+宾补+(真)宾 D.状+主+谓+直宾+间宾+定 15.It / is not / possible / to preserve everything from our past / as we move towards the future. A.宾+系+表+主+状从 B.主+系+表+主+状从 C.主+谓+宾+主+状从 D.主+系+表+状+状从 16.Listening to English radio programmes / helps / me / get used to how fast native speakers talk. A.主+谓+间宾+直宾 B.主+系+表+状 C.主+谓+宾+状 D.主+谓+宾+宾补 17.I / am sure / he will listen to you, / since you are his good friend. A.主+系+表从+状从 B.主+谓+宾从+状从 C.主+谓+状从+定从 D.主+系+表从+定从 18.China /is widely known for /its ancient civilisation /which has continued all the way through into modern times, /despite the many ups and downs in its history. A.主+谓+宾+定从+状 B.主+谓+宾+状从+状 C.主+系+表+定从+状 D.主+系+表+状从+状从 19.I/found/most of my classmates and teachers/friendly and helpful. A.主+谓+宾+宾补 B.主+谓+直宾+间宾 C.主+谓+宾+定 D.主+谓+宾+状 20.The school adviser/ helped/ me / choose the suitable ones. A.主+谓+宾+定 B.主+谓+宾+状 C.主+谓+宾+宾补 D.主+系+表+定 21.As a player, / Lang Ping / brought / honour and glory / to her country. A.状+主+系+表+状 B.状+主+谓+宾+宾补 C.状+主+谓+直宾+间宾 D.定+主+谓+宾+状 22.Today, the Chinese writing system/is/still an important part of Chinese culture. A.主+谓+宾 B.主+谓+状 C.主+谓+定 D.主+系+表 23.People often fail to see ________ a huge difference a little encouragement can make in someone’s life. A.how B.what C.that D.whether 24.________ interesting book it is ! Many students want to read it again. A.What B.What an C.How D.How an 25.Let’s go to the library after class, ________? A.shall we B.will you C.won’t you D.shouldn’t we 26.He seldom came here, __________? A.didn’t he B.does he C.did he D。doesn’t she 27.— You must have been completely exhausted when you crossed the marathon finish line, ________? — Surprisingly no, I felt an unexpected burst of energy at that very moment. A.mustn’t you B.haven’t you C.didn’t you D.weren’t you 28.— You didn’t finish your homework yesterday, did you? — ________. I had a bad cold and couldn’t do it. A.Yes, I did B.No, I didn’t C.Yes, I didn’t D.No, I did 29.It doesn’t matter if Helen brings her cousin to the get-together, ________? A.does it B.doesn’t it C.doesn’t she D.does she 30.Linda ate nothing this morning, ________? A.didn’t she B.was she C.did she D.wasn’t she 31.— I don’t think he is telling us the full story, ______? — Yes, he is. A.is he B.does he C.am I D.do I 32.—Is this your ball, Nick? —Yes,________. A.this is B.it’s C.here is D.it is 33.I don’t think Jack could have heard our plan for the summer holiday last night, ______? A.do I B.has he C.hasn’t he D.did he 34.You’d rather stay at home and read a book on such a rainy day, ________? A.hadn’t you B.didn’t you C.wouldn’t you D.would you 35.—Can you write stories or tell stories? —_________. A.Yes, I can write stories B.No, I can't tell stories C.I can write stories D.I can't write stories 36.—Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine? — _________. A.Yes, a dictionary B.No, a magazine C.A dictionary D.Yes, both 37.Tom asked Mary where _______ the night before. A.she went B.did she go C.she had gone D.had she gone 38.______ meticulously (细致地) by the professor on the blackboard, but the students still struggled to grasp the underlying logic of the complex mathematical formula. A.Having been presented B.Presented C.Being presented D.It had been presented 39. , but he insisted that he to school. A.Although he was ill; went B.Having been ill; go C.Having been ill; should go D.He was ill; go 40.Not only ________my skills of communication but also ________me to know more about our traditional culture. A.the activity trained; it allowed B.did the activity train; did it allow C.did the activity train; it allowed D.the activity trained; did it allow 41.What or where we eat on Spring Festival Eve really ________. A.don’t matter B.doesn’t matter C.aren’t matter D.isn’t matter 42.— I’ve been struggling with my physics homework and I’m feeling really discouraged. — ______. Every expert was once a beginner. A.Don’t stand on ceremony B.Don’t beat yourself up C.That’s a piece of cake D.You have my word 43.If there is any problem with the smart cleaner, ______ the manager directly, please. A.contacting B.to contact C.contact D.contacted 44.— Everyone works so hard. — Yes. We should work hard now, ______ we’ll regret when we are older. A.and B.yet C.but D.or 45.______ not to dwell on (纠结于) past mistakes and regrets, creating a mental prison of negativity that hinders personal growth, but to gain a profound understanding of one’s strengths and weaknesses. A.Reflect B.Reflecting C.To reflect D.Having reflected 46.Attention please! Everybody who has signed up for the course ________ at the classroom before eight next Monday morning. A.arrives B.arrive C.arriving D.to arrive 47.______ the website of the tourism, and you will learn something important about the places of interest. A.To search B.searching C.Search D.Searched 48.In any emergency, simply ________ the red button and an agent will get you the help you need. A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 49.________ weather! We can’t go shopping. Let’s stay at home. A.What a bad B.How bad C.What bad D. How a bad 50.______! After serving as a backup member for 24 years, Chinese astronaut, Deng Qingming’s dream finally came true. A.What inspiring news B.What an inspiring news C.How inspiring news D.How inspiring a news 51.—Let’s go to Qionghai Wetland Park to enjoy the sunshine after the exams. —________ interesting suggestion A.What an B.How C.What D.How an 52.________ role the internet plays in our daily communication! A.What important B.How important C.What an important D.How an important 53.— ______ important it is to show good manners at work! — You are right. It’s truly the key to ______ bright career. A.How; an B.How; a C.What;a D.What; an 54.________  useful the online translation tool is for our English study! A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 55.________ hard the students are working in the classroom! A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 参考答案 1.A 【解析】考查动词以及形容词词义辨析。句意:公司采用了一种新的生产流程,旨在降低成本和减少浪费。A. adopted采用;B. available可获得的;C. flexible灵活的;D. sustainable可持续的。根据“a new production process”可知,此处表示“采用”一种新的生产流程,空处用动词作谓语,故选A。 2.A 【解析】考查插入语和从句语序。句意:你认为人工智能在未来十年将如何改变我们的生活?“do you think”在此处为插入语,插入语在特殊疑问句中的语序为“疑问词+插入语+陈述语序”,“AI will change our lives in the next decade”是省略连词that的宾语从句,保持陈述语序。故选A项。 3.B 【解析】考查代词。句意:该公司正在开发一种新型电池,这种电池能够在五分钟内充满电。分析句子结构可知,空处需用代词作a new type of battery的同位语,此处表示泛指,所以空处需用不定代词one;此处one capable of being fully charged in under five minutes = one which is capable of being fully charged in under five minutes,此处capable of being fully charged in under five minutes为形容词短语作后置定语修饰代词one。故选B。 4.A 【解析】考查同位语及定语从句。句意:这是一个令人惊讶且至关重要的差距,这一差距不容忽视,卫生工作者和政策制定者对此不能视而不见。“health-workers and policymakers can’t afford to ignore”是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词gap是物,因此用which引导定语从句,也可用one指代gap,作同位语,用that引导定语从句。故选A。 5.C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:全球化——即经济、文化和社会相互连接的过程——已经改变了国际贸易和通信。根据句子分析可知,此处作Globalization的同位语,解释说明它是一个怎样的过程,故应用the process作其同位语,后跟by which引导定语从句,by which在从句中作方式状语,表示“通过这个过程,经济、文化和社会相互连接”。故选C。 6.B 【解析】考查主语从句和谓语动词。句意:通常情况下,我们坚持的好习惯是从我们早期的学校生活中养成的。It is often the case that...是一个固定句型,意为“通常情况下……”,这里it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句;we stick to是定语从句修饰 the good habits,整个句子的主语是the good habits,这里缺少谓语动词。develop可以作谓语,而developing是现在分词,不能单独作谓语。故选B。 7.C 【解析】考查定语从句和插入语。句意:我们的物理老师又做了一个小发明,我认为这个发明对我们的学习很有帮助。先行词为invention,逗号后为非限制性定语从句,关系代词which指代先行词并在从句中作主语;“I think”是插入语,置于关系代词和从句谓语之间。故选C项。 8.C 【解析】考查先行词。句意:这是你上周日参观的那所房子吗?将句子还原成陈述句This house is ________ you visited last Sunday.,主句缺少表语,用the one指代this house,作表语,且the one作先行词,从句中缺少宾语,用关系代词which/that作引导词,也可省略。故选C项。 9.D 【解析】考查年代表达法。句意:这座旧建筑建于18世纪20年代。表示“在……世纪……年代”需用“in the + 年份复数(年份后加’s 或 s)”,此空应是in the 1720’s或in the 1720s,作状语。故选D。 10.C 【解析】考查复合形容词。句意:她是一个十岁的女孩,但她对历史和科学很感兴趣。复合形容词作定语时,结构为“数词-名词单数-形容词”。空后girl是单数,前用不定冠词a修饰 ,故此空应是a ten-year-old修饰girl,作定语。故选C。 11.D 【解析】考查句子成分。句意:我们把房间打扫干净了。在主谓宾补结构中,补语用于补充说明宾语的情况,使句子意思更完整。此句中,we(我们)是主语,the room(房间) 是宾语,clean(干净的) 用于说明宾语the room的状态,所以补语是clean。故选D项。 12.A 【解析】考查句子成分。句意:莉莉每天都读书。此句句子结构是:主谓宾状,Lily是句子的主语(subject),reads是谓语动词,books是宾语,every day作时间状语。故选A项。 13.A 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:书面汉语也已成为连接中国古今的一种重要方式。Written Chinese为主语;has become是系动词短语,作系动词;an important means为表语;by which China’s present is connected with its past为定语从句。整个句子结构符合主+系+表+定从。故选A项。 14.C 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:然而,危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。分析句子结构可知,“However”为副词作状语,“dangerous conditions and damaged roads”是and连接并列的名词短语“dangerous conditions”和“damaged roads”作主语,“will make”是谓语,“it”是形式宾语,不定式短语“to deliver food and supplies”作真正宾语,形容词“difficult”作宾语补足语,因此句子结构是“状+主+谓+(形)宾+宾补+(真)宾”。故选C。 15.B 【解析】考查句子成分。句意:在迈向未来的过程中,我们不可能保留过去的一切。分析句子结构可知,It为形式主语;is not“不是”为系动词否定结构; possible“可能的”为表语;to preserve everything from our past“保留我们过去的一切”为真正主语;as we move towards the future“在我们迈向未来的过程中”为时间状语从句。所以本句为 主 + 系 + 表 + 主+ 状从结构。故选B项。 16.D 【解析】考查句子结构。句意:听英语广播节目有助于我适应母语人士说话的语速。句中Listening to English radio programmes为动名词短语作主语;helps为谓语部分,使用的是一般现在时;宾语部分为me;get used to how fast native speakers talk为省略不定式to的结构作宾补,此句的结构是“主+谓+宾+宾补”。故选D。 17.B 【解析】考查句子成分。句意:我确信他会听你的,因为你是他的好朋友。分析句子结构可知,I“我”为主语;am sure“是确信的”为谓语;he will listen to you“他会听你的”为宾语从句;since you are his good friend“因为你是他的好朋友”为原因状语从句。所以本句为主 + 谓 + 宾从 + 状从结构。故选B项。 18.A 【解析】考查句子成分。句意:尽管历史上历经诸多兴衰,中国仍以其延续至今的古老文明而广为人知。分析句子结构可知,China“中国”,为主语;is widely known for“是以……而广为人知”,为谓语; its ancient civilisation“其古老文明”,为宾语;which has continued all the way through into modern times“一直延续到今的”,为定语从句(修饰ancient civilisation);despite the many ups and downs in its history“尽管历史上历经诸多兴衰”,为介词短语作让步状语。所以本句为“主+谓+宾+定从+状”结构。故选A项。 19.A 【解析】考查基本句型。句意:我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好且乐于助人。I是主语,表示“我”;found是谓语,为find的过去式,表示“发现”;most of my classmates and teachers是宾语,表示“我的大多数同学和老师”;friendly and helpful是宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语的特征,表示“友好且乐于助人”,本句是“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。故选A。 20.C 【解析】考查句子结构。句子主语是The school adviser,谓语是及物动词helped,其后接宾语me,而choose the suitable ones是不带to的不定式结构,在句中作宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语me发出的具体动作,符合help sb. (to) do sth. 这一固定语法结构,因此该句属于“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的句型,而非包含定语、状语的结构,也不属于主系表句型。故选C项。 21.C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意:作为一名运动员,郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉与荣耀。分析句子结构可知,As a player“作为一名运动员”,为状语;Lang Ping“郎平”,为主语;brought“带来”,为谓语;honour and glory“荣誉与荣耀”,为直接宾语;to her country“为她的国家”,为间接宾语。所以本句为“状 + 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾”结构。故选C项。 22.D 【解析】考查基本句型。句意:如今,汉字书写体系仍然是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。Today“如今”为时间状语;the Chinese writing system是主语,表示“中国的书写系统”;is为系动词;still an important part of Chinese culture是表语,表示“仍然是中国文化的一个重要组成部分”,本句是主系表结构。故选D。 23.B 【解析】句意:人们经常未能看到一点点鼓励能在某人的生活中产生多么巨大的影响。动词see后接宾语从句,从句部分为感叹句语序。感叹词修饰名词短语“a huge difference”,其结构为“what + a/an + adj. + n. + 主语 + 谓语”,因此空处应填入what。 24.B 【解析】句意:这是一本多么有趣的书啊!许多学生想再读一遍。本句中心词为单数可数名词book,其前有形容词interesting修饰,且interesting以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an。符合感叹句结构What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。 25.A 【解析】句意:下课后我们去图书馆吧,好吗?以Let’s开头的祈使句,其反意疑问句的附加问句部分固定使用shall we,表示征求对方的意见。 26.C 【解析】句意:他很少来这里,是吗?此处为反意疑问句,反意疑问句遵从“前肯后否,前否后肯”原则,陈述句有否定意义词seldom表示“很少”,所以反问用肯定句,句子是一般过去时,所以应用助动词did。 27.D 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意:——当你跨过马拉松终点线时,你一定已经筋疲力尽了,不是吗?——令人惊讶的是并没有,就在那一刻我感到了一股意想不到的能量爆发。当陈述部分含有表示推测的must have done/been时,反意疑问句的构成需根据句中的时间状语来决定。句中带有明确的过去时间状语从句when you crossed the marathon finish line,说明是对过去情况的推测,相当于“You were completely exhausted...”,因此反意疑问句的助动词应使用一般过去时,且与主语you保持一致,使用weren't。 28.B 【解析】句意:——你昨天没有完成作业,是吗?——是的,我没有完成。我得了重感冒,没法做。这是一个反意疑问句,其回答要根据实际情况来定,由“I had a bad cold and couldn’t do it.”可知,此处表示没有完成作业,为否定回答,即“No, I didn’t”。 29.A 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意:就算海伦带她的表妹一起来参加聚会也没关系吧?反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”原则,前面句子中有否定词doesn’t,所以后面用肯定形式does it。故选A。 30.C 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意:琳达今天早上什么都没吃,是吗?陈述句里有 nothing(否定词),属于否定句,反意疑问句要用肯定形式,前面的动词是 ate(实义动词过去式),助动词用 did。故选C。 31.A 【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意:——我认为他没有把全部情况告诉我们,是吗?——不,他告诉了。反义疑问句遵循“前否后肯,前肯后否”的原则,陈述句部分是“I think/believe/suppose+宾语从句”时,反义疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。本题中陈述句部分是否定形式I don’t think,所以反义疑问句部分应用肯定形式,且与宾语从句he is telling us the full story的主语he和is保持一致,即is he。故选A项。 32.D 【解析】考查疑问句回答。句意:——这是你的球吗,尼克?——是的。一般疑问句 Is this...? 的肯定回答固定用:Yes, it is.;不能缩写成it's,肯定回答结尾要分开写。故选D。 33.D 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意:我认为杰克昨晚不可能听到我们的暑假计划,是吗?陈述部分为I don’t think+宾语从句,反意疑问部分应与从句保持一致,且遵循“前否后肯”原则。从句中有明确过去时间状语last night,需用助动词did构成疑问部分,因此完整结构为did he。故选D。 34.C 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意:在这样的雨天你宁愿待在家里看书,不是吗?You’d rather是You would rather的缩写,陈述部分是肯定形式,反意疑问句部分要用否定形式,即wouldn’t you。故填wouldn’t you。 35.C 【解析】考查选择疑问句的回答。句意:—你会写故事还是讲故事?—我会写故事。A. Yes, I can write stories是的,我会写故事;B. No, I can't tell stories不,我不会讲故事;C.I can write stories我会写故事;D.I can't write stories我不会写故事。分析句子可知前面问句是Can开头的选择疑问句,回答不用Yes或No开头,排除AB;结合句意,前一句问:你会写故事还是讲故事?C选项回答:我会写故事,符合题意。故选C。 36.C 【解析】考查选择疑问句。句意:——你打算借一本词典还是一本杂志?——一本词典。分句子结构可知,本句是一个选择疑问句,不能用yes 或no来回答,而是从dictionary 或magazine选择一个来回答,故选C。 37.C 【解析】句意:汤姆问玛丽前一天晚上她去了哪里。“where _______ the night before”为asked的宾语从句,宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除选项B和选项D,这两个选项都是疑问句语序。根据the night before可知,go这一动作发生在asked之前,从句用过去完成时,谓语用had gone。 38.D 【解析】句意:教授在黑板上对它进行了细致的讲解,但学生们还是难以理解这个复杂数学公式背后的逻辑原理。but 连接两个完整的简单句,前后都必须:主语 + 谓语,A、B、C均不是完整的句子,故排除,D选项It 指代后面的 formula(公式),作主语,had been presented为谓语,正确。 39.D 【解析】考查并列句和虚拟语气。句意:他病了,但他坚持要去上学。并列连词“but”连接两个并列句,表示转折关系,故第一个空处应为一个简单句He was ill,表示“他生病了”;动词insist表示“坚持要求”,后接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词为(should) do,should可省略,故第二个空可用动词原形。故选D。 40.C 【解析】考查倒装句。句意:这次活动不仅锻炼了我的沟通技巧,还让我更多地了解了我们的传统文化。not only...but also...为固定结构,意为“不仅……而且……”,可以连接并列句,且not only位于句首时,前面分句应用部分倒装,即将情态动词、助动词或be动词提到主语之前,后面分句仍用陈述句语序。结合选项可知,第一空应用did the activity train,使用了倒装结构,助动词did提前;第二空应用it allowed,使用了陈述语序。故选C。 41.B 【解析】考查动词和主谓一致。句意:我们在春节前夕吃什么或在哪里吃真的不重要。matter意为“要紧”为动词,表达否定,应是在前用主动词don’t,本句是What or where引导的主语从句,视为第三人称单数,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选B项。 42.B 【解析】句意:—— 我一直在物理作业上很吃力,感到十分气馁。—— __________!每位专家都曾经是初学者。A. Don’t stand on ceremony别拘束;B. Don’t beat yourself up别太苛责自己; C. That’s a piece of cake那是小菜一碟; D. You have my word我向你保证。由“I’ve been struggling with my physics homework and I’m feeling really discouraged.”可知,对方因物理作业吃力而沮丧,答话者需要安慰鼓励对方,选项中的Don’t beat yourself up用于鼓励对方。 43.C 【解析】句意:如果智能清洁器出现任何问题,请直接与经理联系。空格前的部分是if引导的条件状语从句,空格后的部分是祈使句,应该用动词原形。 44.D 【解析】句意:——大家工作都很努力。——是啊。我们现在就该努力奋斗,不然年老以后一定会后悔。本句考查固定句型:祈使句+and/or+陈述句,上下文为转折关系,应用or“否则”连接。 45.A 【解析】句意:反思时不要纠结于过去的错误和遗憾,创造阻碍个人成长的消极思维牢笼,而要深刻认识自身的优缺点。这是一个祈使句,句首需用动词原形,且句中使用了“not to... but to...”的结构,和祈使句“Reflect...”构成逻辑呼应。 46.A 【解析】考查祈使句。句意:请注意!已报名参加课程的各位,请于下周一上午八点前到达教室。分析句子结构可知,“Everybody who has signed up for the course”是主语,“who has signed up for the course”是定语从句,修饰主语;“_____ at the classroom before eight next Monday morning”是谓语部分,因为“Everybody”是单数,故选A。 47.C 【解析】考查祈使句。句意:搜索旅游网站,你会了解到一些关于名胜古迹的重要信息。search“搜寻,查找”。此处为“祈使句+and+简单句”的结构,因此空格处应用动词原形,构成祈使句,且位于句首时首字母需大写。故选C。 48.A 【解析】考查祈使句的谓语动词形式。句意:遇到任何紧急情况,只需按下红色按钮,工作人员就会为你提供所需的帮助。分析句子结构可知,本句为“祈使句 + and + 陈述句” 的固定句型,祈使句需以动词原形开头,此处simply为副词,修饰谓语动词,不影响句型结构。故选A项。 49.C 【解析】句意:多糟糕的天气啊!我们不能去购物。我们待在家里吧。该句为感叹句,本句中心词为不可数名词weather,符合感叹句结构“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”。 50.A 【解析】考查感叹句。句意:多么鼓舞人心的消息啊!在担任了24年的备份成员后,中国宇航员邓清明的梦想终于实现了。news是不可数名词,其感叹句结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!”或“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”,所以此处应用What inspiring news来表达。故选A。 51.A 【解析】考查感叹句。句意:——考试后我们去琼海湿地公园享受阳光吧。——多么有趣的建议啊!感叹句有两种常见结构:“What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数/不可数名词/复数 + 主语 + 谓语!”和“How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!”。本句中,suggestion是可数名词单数,且interesting是以元音音素开头的单词,前面要用不定冠词an修饰,所以应用“What an interesting suggestion it is!”的省略形式“What an interesting suggestion!”。故选A。 52.C 【解析】考查感叹句。句意:互联网在我们的日常交流中扮演着多么重要的角色啊!感叹句主要的两种形式是:① What+(a/an) +形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)!② How+形容词/副词+(主语+谓语)!本句中核心词为名词role(可数名词单数),形容词important修饰role,且important以元音音素开头,需用an限定,所以用“What an important”来构成感叹句。故选C。 53.B 【解析】句意:— 在工作中展现良好的举止是多么重要啊! — 你说得对。这确实是拥有光明事业的关键。根据第一个空格后的important it is可知,此处是how引导的感叹句,结构为“How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!”,所以第一个空格处用how。第二个空格后的career是可数名词单数,所以第二个空格处应该用不定冠词表示泛指“一”,bright以辅音音素开头,因此用不定冠词a。 54.C 【解析】句意:这款在线翻译工具对我们的英语学习多么有用啊!感叹句常用结构:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!本句中心词是形容词useful,需用How引导感叹句。 55.C 【解析】考查感叹句。句意:学生们在教室里学习得多努力啊!中心词是副词hard,应用“How+副词+主语+谓语!”的感叹句结构。故选C。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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