2026届吉林长春市长春吉大附中实验学校高三寒假作业英语4

长春言大附中宾兹学和“少年何畅梦捕星，散挽豪号射玉衡” 2023级高三年级英语学科寒假作业 练习序号04 组题人：王志新 审题人：魏宁 第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分) 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A English Conversation Leader:Mandi Ashmore english iwc-lausanne.org We meet on Mondays at 14:30 at the IWC clubhouse.We chat for about an hour and discuss everything.Mandi asks "students"to contact her on Monday to confirm the class as sometimes she needs to cancel for various reasons or occasionally she may choose to hold the class at a different venue or at an earlier time for us to be able to have lunch together. French Conversation,Advanced Beginner Leader:Marielle Sulmoni frenchconvo iwc-lausanne.org I'm French (born in Bordeaux)and Swiss by marriage.I hold an advanced beginner's French conversation class on Tuesday afternoons from 14:30 to 16:00.We meet weekly at the clubhouse in a friendly atmosphere.I hope to help you use your knowledge of French,allowing you to speak with no fear of making mistakes,which in time will become fewer and fewer. French Language Lab,Beginner Leader:Maija Remlinger frenchlab iwc-lausanne.org The group meets on Thursday afternoons from 15:00 to 16:30 at the clubhouse.The first half of the class is devoted to reading out loud from the book Easy French Reader by R.de Roussy de Sales,and working on proper pronunciation and phrasing.During the second half,we listen to audio recordings from New French with Ease and work on oral comprehension. German Conversation,Advanced Leader:Karin Hansohm Schwarz german iwc-lausanne.org We meet every Tuesday at the IWC clubhouse from 9:30 to 11:00 with 6-8 members out of a total of 10.Most of our time is devoted to very lively discussions about current events and various topics.We also read a book written by a French author and sometimes we see a French movie. 1.Why are"students"advised to contact Mandi? A.To check the arrangement. B.To exchange ideas. C.To decide on the topics. D.To ask for leave. 2.Which of the clubs centers mainly on the basic knowledge of the language? A.English Conversation. B.French Conversation,Advanced Beginner. C.German Conversation,Advanced. D.French Language Lab,Beginner. 3.What is the purpose of the text? A.To show how to join the clubs. B.To introduce some language learning clubs. C.To stress the different levels of the clubs. D.To attach great importance to language learning.. 长春吉大附中实验学校2023级高三年级 B Recently,I was walking with some parents when we came across a five-pound note lying on the ground.We stood around it for a moment,a bit awkwardly,until someone suggested putting it on a nearby bench.Then one of the parents remarked that we'd probably have behaved differently-that is,we would have just taken the money-had we been alone. This relates to a classic question in studies of human generosity:do we behave more selfishly when we aren't being observed?The debate goes on across the psychological and biological sciences,as well as in popular culture,about whether kindness can exist in a competitive world. Yom Kippur is a Jewish religious holiday when Jewish people fast and ask for forgiveness for the wrongs they've committed.One of the points of Yom Kippur is to behave better regardless of who is watching.There's an evolutionary beauty to the teachings of Yom Kippur,which are the products of thousands of years of cultural changes and evolution. The Maasai people of Kenya practice osotua:relationships between people that operate based on need.When someone forms an osotua relationship with another,they enter into an unwritten contract to help their partner in times of need.And hunter-gatherer groups,which can represent the circumstances our species evolved in,have many similar examples. Cultural evolution helps to explain the existence and complexity of these systems.Cultural changes are far faster than biological evolution,allowing intelligent species like humans to develop behavioral adaptations for managing complex social environments.Osotua,or any other practice that helps to maintain good treatment of others in society,is the result of tens of thousands of years of cultural trial and error.The customs passed down over time are those that help us to develop as cultural groups. The study of those changes has helped us to understand how we successfully spread around the world as cooperative groups.Biological evolution has helped humans be more cooperative,but cultural changes have accelerated this process. Cultural evolution helps us to overcome our selfish natures.Try to understand rules before you ignore them-and next time you find a fiver on the ground,you might think about the awkward situation your discovery represents. 4.What made the parents feel a bit awkward? A.The difficulty sharing the money. B.The difficulty finding the owner of the money C.The thought of putting the money on the bench. D.The thought of keeping the money for themselves. 5.Why is“Yom Kippur'”talked about in the text? A.To highlight a fact. B.To draw a conclusion. C.To make a comparison. D.To support an argument. 6.How is biological evolution different from cultural evolution? A.It evolves much slower. B.It takes much less time. C.It is a more complex process. D.It makes humans more cooperative. 7.What does the author intend to explain in the text? A.How cultural evolution takes place. B.Why people sometimes behave selfishly. C.Why kindness exists in a competitive world. D.How kindness spreads throughout the world. 英语学科寒假作业（四)第1页共6页 c Looking at the photos of public celebrations for International Pillow Fight Day in the news and social media from the 50 cities around the world,one question occurred to me:What are pillows really stuffed with?Not physically,but symbolically?Armed with nothing more than bring-our-own sacrificial cushions, strangers struck heavily each other in playful feather from Amsterdam to Atlanta,Warsaw to Washington DC.But why?Is there anything more to this delightful celebration? As a cultural sign,the pillow is falsely soft.Since at least the 16th century,the humble pillow has been given unexpected meanings.The Chinese playwright Tang Xianzu tells a famous story about a wise man who meets a depressed young scholar at an inn and offers him a magic pillow filled with the most vivid dreams of a seemingly more fulfilling life.When the young man awakens to discover that his happy 50-year dream has in fact come and gone in the short space of an after-noon's nap,our impression of the pillow's power shifts from wonder to terror. Succeeding writers have likewise seized upon the pillow.When the 19th-century English novelist Charlotte Bronte poetically observed“a ruffled(起皱的)mind makes a restless pillow”,she didn't just change the expected order of the adjectives and nouns,but instead she made unclear the boundaries between mind and matter-the thing resting and the thing rested upon. That can be considered as a trick which perhaps Bronte learned from the Renaissance philosopher Montaigne,who once insisted that "ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head".On Montaigne's thinking,intelligence and happiness confront each other forever in a pillow fight that only one can win. Based on the words of Tang,Bronte,and Montaigne,we can perhaps more easily measure the attraction of the global pillow fight.Like a ritual of release,the annual international pillow fight amounts to a kind of cleansing,a brushing off of daily worries,an emptying of the world's collective mind.Rather than a launch-pad for weightless rest,the pillow is a symbol of heavy thought:an anchor that drags the world's soul down-one that must be lightened. 8.The writer uses the example of Tang Xianzu,wanting to illustrate that A.dreams are always wonderful while the real world is cruel B.pillows sometimes bless people with satisfactory dreams C.people's impression of pillows changes from wonder to terror D.pillows symbolically convey the meaning in contrast to their soft appearance 9.From the passage,we can learn that Charlotte Bronte A.learned a trick from the Renaissance philosopher Montaigne B.was likely to have been influenced by the thoughts of the Renaissance C.regarded pillows as reflections of our minds D.wrote poems about pillows 10.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4"ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head"most probably means A.pillows give us comfort B.pillows make people more intelligent C.people with plenty of thoughts have no inner peace D.people can easily fall asleep when they know little 11.According to the author why is Pillow Fight Day so popular around the world? 长春吉大附中实验学校2023级高三年级 A.Because it is a ritual of release. B.Because it makes life delightful. C.Because it comforts restless minds. D.Because it contains a profound meaning of life. D Scientists have already established from multiple studies that Mars contains large amounts of water. Most of the water exists in the form of ice.Chinese researchers say they have built an artificial intelligence robot that can use materials found on Mars to produce catalysts()to break down water and release oxygen.It could be another way for space travelers in the future to make much-needed oxygen on Mars. Experiments were carried out on meteorites that either came from Mars or contained materials similar to the Martian surface.The"robot chemist"first used an acid and chemical mixture to separate and examine materials contained in the meteorites.It identified several different metallic elements and then worked to identify different molecules that could be produced from meteorite materials.The system found more than 3.7 million possible molecule combinations.The robot used that data to predict which catalysts would be able to split water molecules to produce oxygen.The catalyst chosen as the best fit was able to operate at minus 37 degrees Celsius.This temperature is similar to current conditions on Mars. The study's lead writer,Jun Jiang,said that as a boy,he often dreamed of being able to one-day travel in space."So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules.I felt like my dream was coming true.I even started to imagine that I,myself, will live on Mars in the future." A report explaining the study's results notes Jiang suggests that for every square meter of Martian material,his group's system could produce nearly 60 grams of oxygen per hour.The researchers say this level of production could remove the need for future astronauts to transport oxygen from Earth."The robot can work continuously for years."Jiang said. Jiang said,"It could also be used to produce other useful catalysts on Mars.This could include processes for making substances to support the growth of plants that could be used to produce food for astronauts.Different chemicals can be made by this robot.Mars might also not be the only place where it could find other used,suggesting the moon as another possibility." 12.What do Chinese scientists use AI robots to do in the research? A.To collect water data from Mars. B.To produce oxygen from water on Mars. C.To explore the ice coverage on Mars. D.To assist humans in settling down on Mars. 13.Which aspect of the research does Paragraph 2 focus on? A.Its process.B.Its scale. C.Its result. D.Its effect. 14.Why does the author mention Jiang's dream? A.To explain the chemical reaction. B.To advocate space travel. C.To prove the success of the study. D.To show the future life on Mars. 15.What does Jiang stress in the last paragraph? A.The substances for growing plants on Mars. B.The existence of oxygen on the moon. C.The possible discovery of chemicals on Mars. D.The potential application of AI robots. 及英语学科寒假作业（四)第2页共6页 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，公众号悦爱学堂满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In today's digital world,chances are that your online activities and digital consumption take up a large part of your day and perhaps your life.It's true that there're many benefits to the digital world. 16 For example,it can be challenging for your mood and boost feelings of anxiety,fear and depression. Although a person might be consuming positive digital content,they could be overdoing the amount of screen time.The amount of screen time you have can affect the quality of your sleep.It can even affect your brain,eyes,mental health and general health,according to Ohio State Health Discovery.17 For example,it's a good idea to establish a boundary with your digital devices and online platforms. Social media and other oniine entertainment platforms can be very entertaining.18 To avoid this, you can set times and download apps that help you track your digital use and prevent you spending more time on your devices than you want. You can also create a digital curfew (for yourself.19 Experiencing device-free meal time can be extremely rewarding and healthy for the entire family. 20 This is true in the real world as well as in the digital world.Choose to spend your online time in places that make you feel good,like Goodnet,and carry out mindful consumption strategies. Prioritizing your physical and mental health is important,and you deserve to lead an enjoyable quality life. A.It's important to organize your daily digital diet wisely. B.Enjoy your time off line and meal time with your friends. C.However,constantly reading negative news is a bad thing. D.You're in charge of your life and you can choose your surroundings. E.As a result,they can become a black hole,taking up most of your time. F.Thankfully,there are some strategies to help you reduce your screen time. G.Just choose a time,like at meals,during which you disconnect from your devices. 第二部分语言运用 第一节（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Sea levels along coastlines in the United States will rise about one foot by 2050,with larger increases on the East and Gulf coasts,according to a comprehensive new report by climate scientists Oceans have already risen about one foot in the last century,as climate change melts glaciers(I) and ice caps around the world.But the pace is 21,scientists warn,and the next 30 years will see the same amount of sea level rise as the previous 100. The report gives the most concrete and certain sea level 22 ever published for the U.S.And advances in computer models and real-world information about rising seas make it possible to see the future more 23 than ever. Sea level rise 24 dramatically for different parts of the U.S.coast.The ocean is not like a bucket of water that rises at the same time as more liquid is 25.Ocean 26 push more water into some areas than others.Ice in different regions melts at different rates.In many parts of the world,sea level rise is 27 because coastal land is sinking. The new report adds up all those factors to give 28 estimates for different parts of the U.S. The authors predict about a foot and a half of sea level rise for the Gulf Coast by 2050,with particular hot spots from Texas to Mississippi,where exploitation of underground oil,gas and drinking water is causing 长春吉大附中实验学校2023级高三年级 the land to rapidly 29 into the rising ocean water.There are30 hot spots in the Mid-Atlantic region,including Annapolis,Md.and Norfolk,Va.Overall,the East Coast is31 to experience a little more than a foot of sea level rise in the next 30 years. Sea level rise is happening more 32 on the West Coast,including much of southern and western Alaska,the report finds.The authors predict about six inches of sea level rise by 2050. William Sweet,a sea level rise expert with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)and one of the authors of the new report,says cities that are not yet flooded should 33 now.Quickening sea level rise may require that humans_34 where and how we build homes, offices,roads and anything else that is better dry than wet.Right now,development in flood-prone 洪水的)areas is increasing,despite climate change.. Beyond 2050,the report makes clear that humans have a 35:reduce greenhouse gas emissions and control sea level rise,or keep burning fossil fuels and face oceans that are two,three or even 10 feet higher than today. 21.A.dying down B.paying back C.holding on D.speeding up 22.A.records B.extremes C.predictions D.solutions 23.A.flexibly B.clearly C.randomly D.incredibly 24.A.continues B.impacts C.multiplies D.varies 25.A.added B.drained C.spilt D.needed 26.A.creatures B.currents C.ecosystems D.voyages 27.A.stable B.crucial C.unlikely D.worse 28.A.national B.regional C.apparent D.approximate 29.A.dig B.turn C.collapse D.dive 30.A.similar B.scenery C.distant D.diverse 31.A.projected B.obliged C.permitted D.noticed 32.A.sharply B.mysteriously C.unexpectedly D.slowly 33.A.make sense B.take notice C.keep pace D.stay proud 34.A.scheme B.cancel C.change D.delay 35.A.promise B.quarrel C.choice D.protest 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Technology is amazing when it keeps people connected but it comes at a price.Staring down at your phone or computer for long periods of time 36(put)great tension on your neck.You might feel pain in your neck and shoulders.When 37 (leave)untreated,it leads to what is called "tech neck”. 38 (fortunate),there are a few simple steps to help you.39 (begin)with,limit the amount of time you spend on your phone or computer.Develop the habit of taking 40 three- minute break every 15-20 minutes when you use your phone or computer.Do neck exercises meanwhile. It is equally important to use proper 41 (equip)for computer work.Having an adjustable chair is 42(benefit).It helps you maintain the good posture and provides adequate support for your neck while you are sitting.It is also recommended 43 you buy neck support pillows and neck collars.They may help relieve your pain44 allow your neck to recover slowly over time. If your tech neck problems keep worsening,then it is time to seek help from a qualified health professional.As a general rule,the sooner you seek treatment,the 45 (likely)it is that you will succeed in treating the problem. 英语学科寒假作业（四)第3页共6页 第三部分语法专项 专项四：动词时态语态 考点一现在时 1.一般现在时 (1)谓语动词的构成（公众号悦爱学堂） 一般现在时大多是以动词的原形来表示的。be和have在人称和数上应和主语保持一致。其他动词 若其主语是第三人称单数，则应按动词第三人称单数的变化规则来变化。 (2)用法 使用条件 例句 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或叙述现在的状 态。常用的时间状语有always,usually,often, We always care for each other and help each other. sometimes,seldom,every day/week/month/year, He usually goes to work by bus except when it rains. once a week,now and then,from time to time, at times等。 表示客观事实或真理。 The science teacher told us the earth moves around the sun 表示按计划、规定、安排要发生的动作，或表 示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时！ School begins on February 5. 谓语动词要用一般现在时。但仅限于下列动 According to the timetable,the train starts at 9 o'clock. :come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start, begin,.open,close,end,stop等。 在以here/there开头的倒装句中，用一般现在时 Look!Here comes the bus 表示正在进行的动作。 在时间状语从句、让步状语从句或条件状语从 句中，通常用一般现在时表示将来。引导此类 I'll tell her when she comes tomorrow. 从句的词有when,after,before,as,as soon as, Whatever happens,you should keep cool-headed. although,because,if,even if,in case,till,until, unless,.as long as,whatever,,wherever等。 2.现在进行时 (I)谓语动词的构成：am/is/are+doing (2)用法 使用条件 例句 表示说话时正在进行的动作。 The workers are building a new bridge across the river. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定在说话 时正在进行或表示正在发展、变化的情况。 We are preparing for our final examination this week. 在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代 替将来进行时。 If I am sleeping when he comes,wake me up,please. 句中若含有always,.all the time,constantly forever等词或短语时，用进行时态表示一个频 He's always thinking of others. 繁发生的动作或表示说话人的赞赏、责备、厌 She is forever criticizing me. 恶等感情。 go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep, stay,play,do,have,wear,take off等可用现在 进行时代替将来时，表示最近按计划或安排要 Mr Brown is coming next week. 进行的动作。 2.现在完成时 (I)谓语动词的构成：have/has+done (2)用法 长春吉大附中实验学校2023级高三年级 使用条件 例句 过去发生的事情对现在的影响，往往具有因 果关系。 The earthquake has given him a miserable impression. 动作从过去开始，持续到现在，也许还会持续 下去。常用的标志词有for,since,so far, We have been good friends since our middle school already,yet,recently,lately,these days, days. during/over/in the past/last few years,up to We have studied English for six years. now等。 现在完成时在时间或条件状语从句中用来 If you have finished reading the magazine before I 代替将来完成时。 leave,please give it back to me. (3)现在完成时常用句型 ①Itis/has been+一段时间+since从句 ②This/That/It is the first/second.time that+现在完成时 ③This/That/It is the only..+that+现在完成时 ④This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting.+that从句+现在完成时 (④)某些非延续性动词如die,arrive,join,leave,go,refuse,,fail,finish,buy,marry,divorce,awake,buy, borrow,lend等的现在完成时不能与for引出的时间状语连用。 The man has died for two years.(X) The man has been dead for two years.( 4.现在完成进行时 (I)谓语动词的构成：have/has+-been+doing (2)用法 使用条件 例句 表示从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，有可 It has been raining for 3 days. 能到此时为止，也有可能继续进行。 不是指某个动作一直不停在进行，而是表示一直到说话 She has been saying that twenty times. 为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作，常带有感情色彩。 (3)现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 区别 例句 现在完成时表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止已经完've read The Red Sun. 成；现在完成进行时表示动作仍在继续。 have been reading The Red Sun these days. 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响：现在完成进行havehmtter, 时则强调动作一直在持续。 have been writing a letter since three o'clock 现在完成进行时可以和一个时间短语连用，也可以没有 时间短语。而现在完成时只有和for,since或never等时 I have been practising the piano. 间短语连用时，才能表达这种持续的动作。 I have lived here for five years. 现在完成进行时一般不适用于表示状态的动词。 I have known him since childhood. 考点二过去时 一般过去时 使用条件 例句 表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体时间的 状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；表示过去的习惯；表示说 话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。常用的时间状语 I met her in the street yesterday. yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982 Where did you go just now? 等。 表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child,I often played football in the street. :英语学科寒假作业（四）第4页共6页 2.过去进行时 (1)谓语动词的构成：was/were+doing 使用条件 例句 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或在某一阶段内发生或频 I was watching TV at 8 o'clock yesterday 繁发生。 evening 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由 when/while引导的时间状语从句中。 It was raining when they left the station. 表示客气、礼貌或不确定。 I was wondering if you could do me a favour? 3.过去完成时 (I)谓语动词的构成：had+done 使用条件 例句 表示在过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作或表 示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这 By the end of last year,we had produced 一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常用的时间状语有 20,000cars. by then,by the end of last year,by the time,until,before 等。 表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/ He had planned to attend the meeting last expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式的完成式表示， Sunday. hoped/planned...+to have done. 在表示6一..就...”的句型中，如n0 sooner.than… She had hardly/scarcely gone to bed when hardly/scarcely..when,主句用过去完成时，从句用一般 the bell rang. 过去时。 =Hardly/Scarcely had she gone to bed when the bell rang. 在It was the first/second/third..time that..句型中，that从句 It was the first time that she had seen him 的谓语要用过去完成时。 in person. 考点三将来时 1.般将来时 (1)谓语动词的构成：wil/shal+动词原形；be going to+动词原形；beto+动词原形；be about to+-动词原形 (2)用法 ①表示未来的动作或状态常用“wil/shal+动词原形（常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next week等)。 ②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。 We'll die without air or water. 没有空气和水，我们会死。 ③表示趋向行为的动词如come,go,start,,begin,leave等常用进行时表示将来。 (③3)be going to,will/shall,,be to do,be about to do,be doing的用法及区别 形式及用法 例句 be going to do表示将来： What are you going to do tomorrow? ① 主语的意图，即将做某事 The play is going to be produced next ②计划、安排好要发生的事 month. ③有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm. shal/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。 If it is fine,we will go fishing. be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩附 A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o'clock 命令、禁止、可能性等。 this afternoon. 长春吉大附中实验学校2023级高三年级 be about to do表示“即刻，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状 Autumn harvest is about to start. 语从句。 be doing(come,go,leave,arrive,start等动词)，表示即将发生 The bus is coming. 的动作。 2.过去将来时 (1)谓语动词的构成：would/should+-动词原形，was/were going to+动词原形 使用条件 例 表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动 作或存在的状态。 I didn't know if he would come. “was/were going to+-动词原形常用于 表示在过去即将要发生的事情。 She said she was going to start off at once. come,go,leave,.arrive,start等动词可 用过去进行时表示过去将来。 He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 3.将来进行时 (1)谓语动词的构成：wil/shall be doing 使用条件 例句 表示在将来某个时间正在进行的动 作和按计划、安排、决定预计将要 This time next week we shall be yisiting the Great Wall. 发生的事情。 表示在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下 Don't worry,you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red 去的动作。常用于礼貌的询问、要 T'-shirt and a white skirt at that time 求等。 4.将来完成时 (1)谓语动词的构成：wil/shall have done (2)用法 使用条件 例句 表示某事持续到将来某-一时刻为止 一直有的状态。 They will haye been married for 20 years by then. 表示将来某一时刻或另一个将来的 动作之前，已经完成的动作。 I shall have finished reading this book by the end of this week 考点四动词的语态 1. 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、时态和数上的变化。下表 以动词d0一词为例说明被动语态的构成： 时态 被动语态 “般现在时 am/is/are done 现在进行时 am/is/are/being done 现在完成时 have/has been done 一般过去时 was/were done 过去进行时 was/were being done 过去完成时 had been done 一般将来时 will/shall be done 过去将来时 would/should be done 将来完成时 will/shall have been done 2.在主动语态中，如果感官动词(feeL,see,hear,observe等)和使役动词(make)后的宾语补足语是动词 原形，在被动语态中要带o。 The boss made him work all day long. -He was made to work all day long (by the boss). 3.含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句，将宾语变为主语，宾语补足语仍保留在动词之后，成为主语补 足语。 He found an old man lying at the door.(主动句) 英语学科寒假作业（四）第5页共6页 →An old man was found lying at the door by him.(被动句) 4.动词短语变为被动语态时，要注意动词短语的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。 The doctor was sent for immediately. 5.“get+过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构常用于口语中。 The patient got treated once a week. 易藉腿醒 1.公众号悦爱学堂不能用被动语态的几种情况 (I)所有的不及物动词（短语），如happen,.disappear,,fail,die,take place,.come true,.turn out等，不能用于 被动语态中。 The interview took place on a Friday afternoon. (2)表示状态的动词，如last(持续)，hold(容纳)，contain(包含)，fit(合身)，cost(花费)等，不能用于被动语 态。 The food will last 3 days. (3)表示归属的动词，如have,own,belong to等，不能用于被动语态。 We belong to the new club. (4)表示“希望，意图'的动词，如wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等，不能用于被动语态。 2.主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况 (I)感官动词和连系动词look,feel,taste,sound,.smell,prove,seem,appear,.go,grow,turm,become, stay等)+形容词/名词。 The dish tastes good. (2)表示主语某种属性特征的动词的主动形式表示被动意义，这些动词常有副词修饰，如wash,wte, sel,read,cut,lock,pack,open,play,act,draw,keep,shut等，常用的副词有easily,welL,quickly, smoothly等。 The book sells well. (3)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin,finish,close,open,start,stop,shut,move,un等，主动形式 表示被动意义。 The First World War started in August of that year. 3.动名词或不定式主动形式表示被动意义 (I)在need,want,require,deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不 定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing to be repaired. (②)be worth doing值得做，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于be worthy to be done。. The picture-book is well worth reading =The picture-book is very worthy to be read (3)在be+形容词+todo”结构中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语。若不定式是不及物动词，其后加相 应的介词。 Some books are interesting to read,but boring to learn. (4 be to blame(受责备)，be to rent(出租)也是用主动形式表被动。 She is to blame. L真题演练 1.Having visited several times over the last 10 years,I (amaze)by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage while constantly growing.' 2.On the last day of our week-long stay,we (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 3.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap)in the mountains for two days. 4.When fat and salt (remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something. 5.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (be)previously unprotected. 6."This really excites scientists,"Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,"because it (mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 长春吉大附中实验学校2023级高三年级 (construct).” 7.The parts of a museum open to the public (call)galleries or rooms. 8.Actually,I (start)to learn kung fu when I was seven years old,but I have long been out of practice. 9.In recent years,some Inuit people in Nunavut (report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 10.I (hope)to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldn't manage it. 11.A few months after he had arrived in China,Mr Smith (fall)in love with the people and culture there. 12.Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work)as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year. 13.Sarah (tell)that she could be Britain's new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. 14.He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he (follow). 15.More efforts,as reported, (make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform Ⅱ.精选模拟 1.One drink led to another,and by the end of the night,they (decide)to make his dream a reality. 2.They (surround)by cloud all year round.In summer you can see green everywhere, and in winter everything turns white. 3.The high costs of raising a child (cause)officials in China to place restrictions on the private tutoring industry in the last few years. 4.The mission marks that China has completed the verification of key technologies of its space station, and also (set)a record for Chinese astronauts'duration in orbit. 5.When the community worker told me the new method,I was really happy and immediately (submit)my application. 6.All the vegetables are free of pesticide residues,because once pesticides and fertilizers (apply),the fish will die 7.By 1972,Lonely Planet founders Tony and Maureen Wheeler (complete).a life-changing journey from London to Australia. 8.Originally,a typical Chinese garden merely (consist)of useful trees planted with the walls around a farmhouse. 9.The beautiful scenery and various traditional customs of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (bring)great resources to the local tourism industry in the past decade. 10.So far,some of China's oldest historical relics,providing evidence of ancient Chinese crafts,customs and practices, (find)here. 11.A major breakthrough (occur)in 1986,with the discovery of two ceremonial pits containing over 1,000 items. 12.There are two forms of fat cells,brown cells and white cells,and each (play)a different role in our body. 13.Chinese teahouses enjoy a long-standing history.They developed from tea stands in the Western Jin Dynasty,and (take)shape in the Tang Dynasty. 14.Maliao village is famous for its silver jewelry.In fact,Miao ethnic silversmith technique (list)as China's national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2006. 15.Recently,a new type of reusable mask developed by a Ningbo-based company (enter) the market. 英语学科寒假作业（四)第6页共6页