专题07 阅读理解议论文（阅读论点、论据分析）（培优专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

**基本信息** 聚焦议论文阅读核心能力，通过“论点定位-驳论辨析-逻辑构建”三阶训练，系统提升论点识别与论证逻辑分析能力，强化语言理解与批判性思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|----|----|----| |寻找中心句|2篇（含2025新高考I卷改编）|中心句定位（首尾段/转折词）|从具体文本到论点提取，建立“文本-论点”对应关系| |识别驳论点|2篇（含2025新高考II卷改编）|驳论点识别（抓“Some people claim...However...”结构）|通过对立观点辨析，理解论证辩证关系| |逻辑链条构建|2篇（含全国甲卷改编）|逻辑结构分析（问题-解决方案-意义等模型）|从单一句段到篇章结构，形成“论点-论据-结论”逻辑闭环|

专题07 阅读理解议论文（阅读论点、论据分析）（培优专练） 目录 真题·命题感知............................................................................................................................................................01 进阶·强化演练............................................................................................................................................................03 拔高·模拟预测............................................................................................................................................................13 真题·命题感知 第一部分：寻找中心句 Passage 1 （2025 全国 I 卷 C 篇改编） While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. What is the main idea of the text? A. Traffic safety has been greatly improved recently. B. Children’s safety is the top concern of all parents. C. Experts advocate rethinking street design for people. D. More cars on the road lead to heavy traffic jams. Passage 2 2026 全国I 卷模拟真题 Nowadays, many students hold the view that group discussion is a waste of class time. They argue that talking with classmates cannot improve grades and that teachers should lecture alone. However, group discussion has become an effective way to promote deep learning. When students discuss in groups, they exchange ideas, correct mistakes and learn from each other. It also encourages critical thinking and communication skills, which are valuable for future development. Therefore, schools should encourage proper group discussion in class. What is the central argument of the passage? A. Group discussion helps students learn better. B. Students dislike group discussion in class. C. Teachers prefer to give lectures alone. D. Communication skills are hard to develop. 第二部分：识别驳论点 Passage 1 （2025 全国 II 卷议论文改编） Some people claim that online courses will completely replace traditional classrooms. They believe that AI teachers and digital materials are more efficient and cost-saving, so offline classes will soon disappear. This opinion, however, ignores the hidden value of face-to-face teaching. In traditional classrooms, teachers can observe students’ facial expressions and adjust teaching methods in time. Immediate interaction and emotional support help students stay motivated. Besides, classroom learning cultivates social skills that online courses cannot provide. What wrong opinion does the author argue against? A. Online courses are less effective than offline ones. B. Traditional classrooms have irreplaceable value. C. Digital education will take the place of classroom teaching. D. Face-to-face interaction benefits students’ development. Passage 2 2026全国 I 卷仿真真题（省质检原题） Many teenagers think that developing hobbies is unnecessary. They say schoolwork is the only important task and hobbies will distract them from studying. In fact, hobbies are not enemies of study but powerful helpers. A healthy hobby reduces stress and makes study more efficient. For example, playing the piano or doing sports helps students relax after long hours of hard work. It also shapes one’s personality and enriches life experience. What is the mistaken view mentioned in the passage? A. Hobbies can help students relax and study better. B. Teenagers should focus only on their schoolwork. C. Developing hobbies costs too much time and money. D. Hobbies make teenagers’ life more colorful. 第三部分：逻辑链条构建 Passage 1 （2025 全国一卷 D 篇议论文改编） Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap: boiling and filtering it. Researchers found that boiling tap water for just five minutes can remove over 80% of microplastics. This finding provides a practical solution for ordinary people. It also calls for further studies on microplastic pollution in daily life. What is the logical structure of the passage? A. Problem → Solution → Significance B. Opinion → Evidence → Conclusion C. Phenomenon → Comparison → Choice D. Question → Analysis → Answer Passage 2 2026 全国 I 卷压轴模拟 Reading printed books is beneficial for students. Unlike digital screens, printed books cause less eye strain and help readers focus longer. A recent study of 500 high school students showed that those who read printed books regularly scored 15% higher in reading comprehension tests. They also had better vocabulary and writing skills. Therefore, students should keep the habit of reading printed books along with digital reading. What is the correct logical chain of the text? A. Viewpoint → Supporting evidence → Conclusion B. Fact → Explanation → Prediction C. Comparison → Advantage → Decision D. Problem → Reason → Advice 进阶·强化演练 Passage 1 （2026·浙江·二模）Let’s say we have Person A, B, and C． They don’t know each other, but all are friends with Person D who is highly sociable — sincere, yet so flooded with dates. D makes you feel like the center of attention one moment, and unintentionally disposable the next, because you know, they have a lot going on. Here’s the plot twist: A, B, and C all see themselves as the least socially connected. Why? They only compare themselves to the highly-visible D．Greater visibility doesn’t necessarily reflect what’s typical or average. This is the Friendship Paradox, observed by sociologist Scott L. Feld in 1991: on average, your friends have more friends than you. Not because you’re unpleasant, but because they tend to collect friends. Imagine social networks like nodes (节点) on a graph. Highly connected individuals like D are central nodes, appearing in more social circles and standing out. More outgoing, they tend to share adventures or be annoying on social media. You take them for the norm, but they are the exception. Here’s the best part — comparing yourself to these highly visible people makes you feel inferior: less socializing, less invited, just not enough. Social comparison is a deeply human nature, but when fed by algorithms (算法) and polished selfies, it goes full Black Mirror. Psychologist Leon Festinger proposed the social comparison theory in the 1950s, suggesting that people determine their self-worth by comparing with others. The harm is obvious — the option to hide like counts is pretty self-explanatory. Here’s the emotional cost: You, quietly folding laundry in silence on a Friday night, believe you’re the only one not at a rooftop party. But the truth is, most people are more like Person A, B, C — less visible than D, living at a less photogenic angle. It’s completely normal. So next time you’re wondering why others seem more connected, invited, and adored — remember the paradox. You’re comparing yourself to the most visible person, not the average. You’re not behind, you’re just looking at a distorted mirror. Zoom out. Breathe in. Text one of your friends. Chances are, they’re folding laundry too. 1．Why does the author use the A, B, C, D example in paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate the value of social circles. B．To clarify the uniqueness of sociable people. C．To explain a misjudgment in social relations. D．To emphasize the difficulty of making friends. 2．What does the underlined phrase “go full Black Mirror” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Lead to a positive outcome. B．Turn into something disturbing. C．Become a common social habit. D．Reflect a normal human nature. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards people who live “at a less photogenic angle”? A．Accepting. B．Admiring. C．Worried. D．Critical. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How You Can Stop Self-Comparison. B．Why Others Seem More Popular. C．How Social Media Poses a Hidden Danger. D．Why Being Less Visible Is a Problem. Passage 2 （2026·湖北武汉·三模）The internet of old was like an active market. It was noisy, chaotic, and dynamic. Every click brought you somewhere new, sometimes unpredictable, letting you uncover the joy in exchanging information and thoughts. The internet of today, however, speaks in comforting statements and offers a smooth experience with constant praise. This has robbed us of something in our nature: the pleasure of exploring and questioning. We’ve willingly become creatures of instant satisfaction. Why wait? Why struggle? The change may seem innocent, but it’s also transforming our relationship with the mental effort required to explore uncertainties. By delegating such effort, do we still own the capabilities that help us navigate (定位) the unknown or even think for ourselves? It is becoming clear that even if the current risk posed by AI doesn’t bring about the collapse of civilization, it will still bring about the quiet yet disastrous decline of what makes us human. Part of that decline is caused by choice. And the most powerful way to shape someone’s choices is by gaining their trust. Every model is a memory, trained not just on data that help anticipate what we want, but also how to answer in ways that comfort us and confirm us, and in doing so, they manage to maximize engagement and avoid debate. Designed to please us, chatbots don’t simply answer our questions; they shape how we interact with them and determine what gets shown, what gets smoothed out, and what gets silenced. The early internet was never perfect, but it had a purpose: to connect us, to redistribute power, to widen access to knowledge. Today’s systems are the opposite: Prediction has replaced participation, and certainty has replaced search. But the door to a better future hasn’t shut yet. We can still choose systems that serve rather than control, that offer possibilities instead of mere efficiency. Our humanity and future depend on it. 5．What has the internet lost in its development according to paragraph 1? A．Diverse viewpoints. B．Extensive information. C．Rapid replies. D．Friendly atmosphere. 6．What does the underlined word “delegating” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Putting in. B．Keeping up. C．Turning to. D．Handing off. 7．How do chatbots gain our trust? A．By memorizing previous choices. B．By providing approving responses. C．By presenting opposing ideas. D．By resolving potential problems. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Convenience of the Digital Era B．The Decline of Human Interactions C．The Rise of AI Answering Models D．The Price of a Smooth Cyberworld Passage 3 （2026·河北邢台·二模）As a child development psychologist, I’ve spent countless hours observing childhood friendships. What strikes me most is that it’s a cinch for young children to form connections. It needs no emotional scoring systems that often exist in adult relationships. They don’t keep track of who called last, who initiated the play date, or who shared their snacks more often; they just get along and click. This observation leads me to a truth about adult friendships: the most lasting bonds are built on joy and acceptance rather than careful scorekeeping. Unlike the playground friendships I observe daily, many adult relationships suffer from what I call “deep scoring” — the habit of keeping detailed mental records of friendship deals. We track who reached out last, who canceled plans, or who shared more information. When a six-year-old’s friend forgets to save them a swing, children might feel momentarily disappointed, but they rarely carry that hurt forward into the next interaction. They focus on current joy rather than past slights. As adults, we can learn from this approach. When we catch ourselves mentally working out friendship debts, we can stop and ask: “What would a child do in this situation?” Often, the answer involves letting go of the score and focusing on the genuine affection we feel for our friend here and now. The next time you find yourself mentally calculating friendship debts, remember the simple wisdom of children approaching the playground, who simply offer their genuine selves and remain open about connections. This approach doesn’t guarantee that every friendship will last forever, but it ensures that the ones that can last will be built on the strongest possible foundation: care without any conditions. Our adult friendships deserve the same pure intention and open-heartedness. When we stop keep ing score and start keeping faith in the fundamental goodness of human connections, we create space for friendships that truly last forever. 9．What does the underlined part “a cinch” mean in paragraph 1? A．Effortless. B．Emotionless. C．Unexpected. D．Unusual. 10．What does the author find about adult friendships? A．They are built on mutual care. B．They involve constant calculation. C．They are hard to last for long. D．They go less deeper than children’s. 11．What should adults learn from children’s approach? A．Never hurting friends. B．Interacting more actively. C．Living in the moment. D．Forgetting conflict quickly. 12．What suggestion does the author make in the last paragraph? A．Trusting friends unconditionally. B．Establishing lifelong friendships. C．Understanding others’ intentions. D．Treating friends in a sincere way. Passage 4 （2026·湖南长沙·模拟预测）For years, experts have cautioned that excessive screen time wears away cognitive depth and sustained focus. Now, a cultural fightback is underway. Phrases like “digital burnout” and “attention recession (注意力衰退)” have entered mainstream discourse. According to a Deloitte survey, nearly 25% of respondents deleted at least one social media app in the past year — a figure that rises to one-third among Generation Z, who cite mental health strain and the performative pressure of constant connectivity. This raises a pressing question: if users are increasingly aware of the psychological costs of infinite scrolling, why do brands push harder to capture attention? The uncomfortable truth lies in advertising’s economic function. While advertising did not create the modern economy, it fuels its growth. Each paid impression sustains a system that regulators, parents and policymakers are now questioning. Thus, what began as a debate about technology has unavoidably become a conversation about marketing issues. Yet the previous data shows this strategy is backfiring. Kantar’s Media Reactions study reveals a sharp decline in people saying social media ads capture their attention. In other words, brands are paying more for less effective engagement. Under such circumstances, some forward-thinking brands are choosing another way. Heineken, a Dutch beer brand, for instance, launched a “Boring Phone” campaign to encourage presence over scrolling. Similarly, Bottega Veneta, an Italian luxury fashion brand, made headlines by deactivating its social media accounts, redirecting focus toward craftsmanship, physical exhibitions, and cultural dialogue. These aren’t anti-digital moves. They’re signals of a shift: from maximising attention to respecting it. So where does this leave us? Young people say the always-on model is breaking them. Parents and regulators are desperate for solutions. The central question is no longer whether the attention economy carries consequences, but whether the market will lead a voluntary transformation or await imposed (强制的) force. 13．What is mainly discussed in the first paragraph? A．Public reaction to excessive screen time. B．The mental harm caused by social media. C．Professional warnings against screen overuse. D．The pressure on digital apps to improve service. 14．Why do brands persist in aggressive digital engagement? A．Regulators demand more online content. B．Policymakers desire efficient user response. C．Users’ resistance is considered insignificant. D．Brands regard users’ attention as profitable. 15．How did some forward-thinking brands address the challenge? A．By prioritizing care for users’ attention. B．By refusing to update any digital output. C．By expanding their social media presence. D．By launching digital advertising campaigns. 16．What does the author expect for the future of the attention economy? A．The attention-based industry will soon collapse. B．The transformation will take place in any case. C．Brands will further maximize attention capture. D．Regulatory measures will ultimately force changes. Passage 5 （2026·湖北·三模）Claims that artificial intelligence (AI) borders on human intelligence have become commonplace. Some believe that rapid advances in large language models signal “superintelligence” will fundamentally reshape society. However, this comparison misses something essential about what human intelligence is. Research shows that human intelligence emerges from processes like shared language, cultural communication, cooperation and progressive learning across generations. AI systems, by contrast, do not cooperate or form social bonds. They process information separately, responding to prompts without awareness, intention or accountability. Human intelligence is also embodied (具身的). Our thinking is shaped by physical experience, emotion and social interaction, which ground abstract reasoning later in life. AI lacks this grounding. Language models learn statistical patterns from text, not meaning from lived experience. They do not understand concepts in the way humans do. Advocates of AI progress often point to the vast amounts of data used to train modern systems. Yet this data represents a remarkably narrow slice of humanity. Around 80% of online content is produced in just ten languages, while over 7,000 languages are spoken worldwide, with only a few hundred represented online. Training AI on such data set means baking in the perspectives, assumptions and biases of a relatively small portion of the world’s population. Human intelligence, by contrast, is defined by diversity. Eight billion people contribute to a shared cognitive (认知) landscape. AI does not have access to this richness, nor can it generate it independently. The data on which it is trained is based on a highly biased sample. None of this is to deny that AI systems are powerful tools. Used carefully and with oversight, they can be socially beneficial. But usefulness is not the same as intelligence in the human sense. AI remains narrow and dependent on human input, evaluation and correction. It does not form intentions, participate in shared reasoning or contribute to the cultural processes that make human intelligence what it is. Until machines can participate in that social, embodied and ethical dimension of cognition — and there is no evidence they can — the idea that AI will exceed human intelligence remains more promotion than insight. 17．What can be inferred about human intelligence in paragraph 2? A．It progresses at a slow pace. B．It develops from individual learning. C．It features collective wisdom. D．It shows more advanced ability than AI. 18．In paragraph 3, the author primarily contrasts human and AI learning in terms of ________. A．the source of understanding B．the lessons of lived experience C．the speed of data processing D．the concepts of abstract reasoning 19．What mainly contributes to the bias in AI training data? A．Repeated text patterns. B．Inaccurate online content. C．Limited language range. D．Uneven geographical coverage. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards the idea that AI will exceed human intelligence? A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Cautious. D．Unconcerned. 拔高·模拟预测 Passage 1 （2026·广东广州·三模）Is early intensive (高强度) training the key to becoming a world-class performer? The career of tennis champion Novak Djokovic — who started at four and joined a tennis academy at 12 and won his first major title at 20 — seems to be like that. However, a study published in Science which might be against the common idea suggests this path may be the exception rather than the rule, revealing that true superstars often develop quite differently. Led by sports scientist Arne-Güllich, the research analyzed data from more than 34,000 elite (精英) performers in several areas, including sports, chess, classical music, and academia. It followed talented youngsters into their professional, adult careers. When they examined the data, a striking pattern emerged. In every field studied, elite youth performers and elite adults formed almost entirely separate groups. About 90% of adult superstars had not been outstanding as children. By contrast, only about 10% of top-level child talents went on to become exceptional adults. The study found that exceptional performance in childhood was not just an unreliable predictor of adult success — the two were actually negatively correlated. The research also revealed key behavioral differences. Adult superstars maintained broader interests for much longer. Future elite athletes often played multiple sports before specializing, and their performance initially fell behind more focused peers. However, once they specialized, their progress sped up rapidly — what researchers call better “training efficiency”. Why does this pattern hold? The “search and match” theory suggests exploring various fields helps individuals find their best fit. “Enhanced learning” proposes that diverse experiences improve overall learning ability, making later specialization more effective. The “limited-risk hypothesis (假设)” simply suggests that avoiding early intense focus may prevent burnout and maintain motivation. Dr Güllich emphasizes that his team is not saying the intensive early training does not work. It is a reliable way to produce highly competent people — just not the truly world-class ones. Sports academies and selective schools, in other words, may want to rethink how they do things. 21．Why does the author mention Novak Djokovic in paragraph 1? A．To prove the importance of starting early. B．To show the weakness of a common idea. C．To stress a link between talent and fame. D．To present a popular but later challenged belief. 22．Who will get better “training efficiency”? A．A kid who practices piano 8 hours every day from age four. B．A boy who tries several sports for long and later focus on one. C．A student who drops all hobbies to focus on school work. D．A player who doubles the training time to strengthen skills. 23．What is the main idea of paragraph 5? A．The benefits of early specialization. B．The prevention of burnout in young athletes. C．The underlying logic of the later excellence. D．The value of maintaining broader interests. 24．What does Dr Güllich suggest doing? A．Doing more research. B．Adjusting current practices. C．Abandoning early intensive training. D．Identifying child excellence earlier. Passage 2 （2026·浙江·二模）When two of James Johnson-Byrne’s friends got into an argument earlier this year, he didn’t know what to do. So the 16-year-old turned to an AI companion for advice. AI companions are digital characters who text and talk with users. The chatbot told Johnson-Byrne to separate his friends. He did so and it solved the immediate problem, he said. But “now they don’t talk much.” The experience showed him that AI companions couldn’t find the deeper issue. New research suggests other teens are having the same experience. The majority of teenagers (72%) have used AI companions, according to the survey of over 1,000 13-17-year-olds conducted this year by Common Sense Media. Over half of teens use them regularly and one-third turn to them for relationships and social interactions. What’s more, 33% have discussed serious and important issues with AI companions instead of other humans. The results are cause for concern because the teen years are a “sensitive time of social development,” said Michael Robb, lead author of the study. AI companions can’t model healthy human relationships. “In the real world there are all kinds of social cues that kids have to both interpret and get used to and learn how to respond to,” Robb pointed out. But kids can’t learn to pick up on things like body language from a chatbot. Chatbots are also sycophantic (谄媚的). “They want to please you, and they won’t put up a lot of friction in the way that people in the real world might.” If users get used to this, “when you encounter friction in real world interactions, you’re going to be less prepared,” Robb said. Thankfully, there are things parents can do to protect their kids. Robb suggested they should start by talking to their teens about AI companions without judgment and listening patiently to learn what was appealing about these tools before jumping into concerns; then, it’s a good idea to point out that “AI companions are programmed to be agreeable” and discuss why that’s a concern. Having conversations like this can help kids learn to think about AI more broadly in healthy ways. 25．What do we know about the chatbot’s advice to Johnson-Byrne? A．It was favorably received. B．It settled the argument perfectly. C．It solved the conflict temporarily. D．It was based on a thorough analysis. 26．What does the survey by Common Sense Media show about teenagers? A．They are faced with serious issues. B．They lack adequate social interactions. C．They lack effective communication skills. D．They are heavily dependent on AI companions. 27．What does the author want to show by mentioning “body language” in paragraph 3? A．The limitation of AI companions. B．The function of AI companions. C．The potential application of AI companions. D．The future development of AI companions. 28．What does Robb suggest parents do? A．Talk their children out of using AI tools. B．Support their children’s choice of AI tools. C．Help their kids find more suitable AI tools. D．Guide their kids to think critically about AI tools. Passage 3 （2026·江苏泰州·模拟预测）For decades, urban planners have held a widely shared belief that neatness and order make cities suitable for living. Governments worldwide try their best to remove visual chaos: clearing temporary roadside stalls, repainting old street walls and pulling down run-down narrow streets, holding the idea that tidy city looks can foster residents’ well-being. However, a growing number of urban sociologists are challenging this fixed opinion, arguing that moderate urban disorder is necessary for a mentally healthy and lively city. Controlled urban disorder refers to minor, harmless imperfect scenes in public areas, including common street sellers, slightly worn public facilities and unregulated green areas. Contrary to public thoughts, such subtle imperfections generate hidden psychological benefits. A decade-long follow-up study conducted by an Australian research group tracked people’s mood changes. It turned out that neighborhoods living in areas with mild disorder felt 27% more satisfied than those living in completely tidy and orderly areas. Researchers attributed the difference to the following: overly tidy city looks convey an unspoken sense of being watched, making residents passive and mentally restricted. The seemingly counter-intuitive conclusion sparks heated debate. Critics maintain that supporting proper city mess may justify careless and lazy city management. They say that totally uncontrolled mess will surely cause safety problems and lower land use efficiency, adding that small messy scenes are just the precursor of serious city decline. Even some neutral scholars admit that it is a tough task for city authorities to draw a clear boundary between creative disorder and destructive mess remains. Rather than advocating blind abandonment of urban management, the research aims to revise people’s biased perception of urban chaos. Modern cities should not follow extreme tidiness at the price of their own vitality. In an increasingly similar urban world, proper imperfection is not a flaw, but an overlooked valuable advantage that nourishes citizens’ mental resilience. 29．Why do mildly disordered neighborhoods bring people more satisfaction? A．They guarantee higher land utilization efficiency. B．They offer abundant public recreational facilities. C．They eliminate residents’ passive living habits thoroughly. D．They provide a sense of freedom from invisible monitoring. 30．The underlined word “precursor” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．symbol B．sign C．barrier D．recipe 31．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．City management should give up strict rules. B．Extreme city tidiness does harm to city vitality. C．Messy city scenes are hard for the public to accept. D．Traditional city planning needs no improvement at all. 32．Which of the following best summarizes the text? A．Traditional planning ignores citizens’ well-being. B．Limits should be set to avoid harmful urban mess. C．Appropriate urban mess is an overlooked treasure. D．Strict city management causes people’s mental stress. Passage 4 （2026·河北秦皇岛·一模）It’s a good idea to shake many of the things you have learned over the years out of your mind. Some are outdated, some incorrect and some too obvious. We also need a fresh approach to things of interest, to see them as though for the first time — this approach would help make a thing “strange” and help us avoid prejudice. Years ago, when I first came across the idea that knowledge isn’t always a good thing, I used to wonder if this was anti-intellectualism. I kept finding the idea in the works of many brilliant thinkers that I admired. I loved to read and study, and I knew they did. In fact, this idea doesn’t mean rejecting knowledge, but emphasizing the value of “not-knowing” while learning. When you develop “not-knowing” along with learning, you also allow room for mystery, for the profound and inexplicable (费解的) parts of life that give you a sense of awe (敬畏). An appreciation of the unknowable keeps you honest and humble in the best way. The truly wise person knows how important it is not to know everything. So why were they so “negative” about knowledge? Here’s poet David Hinton’s translation of chapter 71 of the Tao Te Ching to explain this: “If you know the importance of not knowing everything, or anything for that matter, you’re way ahead. If you don’t, you’ll be under the dangerous illusion (幻觉) that you know what life is all about. The starting point toward wisdom is to acknowledge your basic ignorance.” We often fall into the trap of thinking we know everything, which stops us from gaining real wisdom — and this is the problem we need to solve. The solution is to admit to our ignorance and clear our minds of preconceptions. These are Thoreau’s recommendations: Simply focus on what you are concerned with instead of relying on authorities. Then, aim for “total comprehension” and not just simple recognition. 33．What key idea is presented in paragraph 1? A．Having a beginner’s mind. B．Developing critical thinking. C．Learning from past lessons. D．Exploring unknown knowledge. 34．What is a benefit of “not-knowing” according to the text? A．It boosts intellectual growth. B．It relieves mental pressure. C．It builds respect for mystery. D．It simplifies life’s complexity. 35．What does the quote of the Tao Te Ching emphasize? A．The truth of life’s goal. B．The significance of being ahead. C．The harm of ignorance. D．The value of admitting unwisdom. 36．What is Thoreau’s suggestion on gaining real wisdom? A．Refining previous beliefs. B．Seeking a deeper understanding. C．Balancing preconceptions. D．Learning from the authorities. Passage 5 （2026·江苏扬州·模拟预测）America Needs to Radically Rethink What It Means to Be Old In 1960, Del Webb opened Sun City, America’s first “active retirement community.” At that time, this represented a breakthrough: Social Security and pensions had freed millions of older Americans from poverty, and a new lifestyle — leisure in retirement — seemed like a great achievement. But that model is now outdated. Life expectancy in the U.S. has risen dramatically: from 36 years in 1776 Massachusetts to 77.5 years today. An American child born today may well live to 95. The first person to live to 150 may already have been born. Two scholars offer different perspectives. James Chappel, in Golden Years, argues that government must expand welfare programs to meet the needs of a growing elderly population. Andrew J. Scott, in The Longevity Imperative, takes a different view: he believes the three-stage life structure — education, work, retirement — is no longer suitable. Instead, people should see aging as a continuous process. Jobs should adapt to older workers, and age-based entitlements should be replaced with policies based on individual needs. Both authors agree on one thing: the traditional retirement age of 65 makes little sense when people are living so much longer. What we need is a new concept called “late adulthood”— a life stage between middle age and old age, when people can pursue new interests, work in less demanding jobs, and contribute to their communities. The question is whether society will accept this new vision of aging. 37．According to the passage, what was Sun City’s significance when it opened in 1960? A．It was the first university for senior citizens. B．It solved the problem of elderly poverty completely. C．It represented a new lifestyle for retired people. D．It marked the beginning of government pensions. 38．What can be inferred about Chappel and Scott from the passage? A．They both believe the current three-stage life structure is still effective. B．They disagree on whether government welfare programs should be expanded. C．They hold identical opinions on how to define “late adulthood”. D．They both think the retirement age of 65 should be raised to 95. 39．How do Chappel and Scott differ in their views? A．Chappel focuses on government action; Scott focuses on individual adaptation. B．Chappel wants to keep the retirement system; Scott wants to end it. C．Both believe the elderly should stop working completely. D．Both think government spending should be reduced. 40．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To persuade readers to retire early. B．To criticize the current retirement system. C．To explain why people are living longer. D．To argue for redefining the concept of aging. Passage 6 （2026·安徽合肥·模拟预测）As a librarian, I am hearing one question often: Do audiobooks qualify as reading? Many people don’t think so. There is a pride — even a snobbishness — to being well read. Telling someone that you have only listened to a certain book usually comes out sounding like an apology. A recent survey found that 41 percent of adults don’t believe audiobooks qualify as reading. One friend of mine, who argues with his husband over this, once memorably told me that listening to a book felt like seeing a musical in New Jersey instead of on a Broadway stage. Close, but not the real thing. I used to feel the same way myself. Part of the disapproval comes from how we tend to think reading works. Reading with the eyes starts with decoding, linking letters to sounds and meanings. But once those pathways are built, the brain draws on the same language network to make sense of words, whether they arrive through sight or sound. A 2019 study of The Journal of Neuroscience by researchers from the university of California found that the brains of people reading or listening to the same stories processed meaning in almost the same way. Focused listening lights up those networks and delivers the same comprehension just as print does. Especially for those with reading disabilities, it can improve comprehension and help them stay with the story. However, casual or distracted listening, like playing an audiobook while doing chores, doesn’t appear to engage those networks fully. In plenty of classrooms, students still track their progress in reading print pages and sending the messages that only print counts. However, teachers should give students credit for listening to books, too. Youngsters who read daily for enjoyment tend to develop stronger skills and score higher in school — on average, roughly the equivalent of a year and a half ahead. They’re also more likely to keep reading for pleasure later in life. Pairing print and audio has shown to improve comprehension for some struggling readers, especially when decoding written text is a barrier. 41．What does the underlined word “snobbishness” refer to? A．The sense of superiority in print reading. B．The prejudice against audio reading. C．The sense of achievement in reading well. D．The ignorance of audio reading. 42．What can be inferred about two reading types from the text? A．The brain functions the same in both processes. B．Decoding the text plays a vital role in print reading. C．Attentive audio reading benefits struggling readers more. D．Distracted reading worsens reading disorder problem. 43．What message does the author convey in the last paragraph? A．Developing the habit of reading regularly. B．Arousing students’ reading interests by audio reading. C．Evaluating students’ progress by print reading. D．Adding audio reading to print reading. 44．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why do We Need Audio Reading? B．Audio Reading Deserves Equal Attention! C．Why is Print Reading More Beneficial? D．Reading is the Best Friend of Youngsters! Passage 7 （2026·广东佛山·模拟预测）To really succeed in life, have you ever considered getting a nemesis (假想敌)? I totally recommend it. Willpower fades. Apps rarely change behavior. You need the kind of fuel that’s born from pure jealousy or from the fire of anger. It’s a feeling that boils down to: That guy? Such emotion can provide lasting motivation. You do not need to express anger openly or confront anyone directly. Honestly, it’s probably better if you don’t tell anyone at all. Many successful people use this emotion as a source of motivation and have made remarkable achievements. Michael Jordan provides a famous example. Here’s a list of things he was offended by: A rival coach not saying hi to him while out to dinner; A rival saying, “You are, lucky, Mike.” These minor slights fueled his determination and pushed him to do better on the basketball court. Creating an enemy and looking for signs of disrespect from opponents help him achieve great things. Research supports this. A study from the Wharton School shows that underdogs often perform better because they want to prove others wrong. It feels satisfying to prove wrong the people who doubt you. In this sense, such feelings can become powerful forces behind achievement. A nemesis does not need to be a famous people or a direct competitor. It can be anyone whose achievements you secretly envy, whose hard work or talents push you to do better, or whose actions challenge you to step up your own game. The key is to turn this emotion into action: you transform feelings of envy into productive energy and push yourself toward greater accomplishments. Even partners, friends or colleagues can sometimes temporarily serve as motivators in certain situations. Ultimately, the power of a nemesis lies in using emotion strategically. People often fear they can’t succeed — so they hesitate to try… until they get mad enough. This emotion — whether real or imagined — can carry you further and help individuals achieve more than they thought possible, especially when training and talent reach their limits. 45．What’s the main idea of paragraph 1? A．A nemesis can be a powerful motivator. B．Willpower alone can guarantee success. C．Apps are ineffective for achieving success. D．Everyone should create a nemesis to succeed. 46．Why is Michael Jordan mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To show he often has conflicts with others. B．To prove talent is more important than emotion. C．To illustrate how minor offenses drive performance. D．To explain why athletes often need strong opponents. 47．Who can be considered as a nemesis? A．Only well-known figures or direct rivals. B．Anyone whose achievements motivate you. C．People who openly challenge you every day. D．Someone who frequently causes arguments. 48．How does the author view the power of nemesis? A．It can replace talent and hard work. B．It is an unreliable source of motivation. C．It is an imaginary concept with little effect. D．It can be a strategic tool for personal growth. Passage 8 （2026·山东·模拟预测）Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. Many young people entering university to study literature have not read extensively (广泛地), and they often have difficulty doing so during their time at university. This is a growing trend that many academics have observed, although it isn’t always the case. Bate told the BBC’s Today programme, “The currently fashionable answer is that it’s to do with the reduced attention due to smartphones, six-minute YouTube videos and instant TikTok hits.” “Actually it all begins in schools. You only have to look at the thinning of A-level syllabuses (教学大纲) and the tendency to assign works because they’re shorter,” Bate said. He added that it was also “an unintended consequence of the push in both the top British and American universities towards diversity and access… as some students come from schools where the teachers’ main task is crowd control, and so the demands in terms of reading long books are just not there.” State-funded charter (特许) schools in the US were an interesting phenomenon, however. “There’s a big comeback of classical education within these schools,” Bate said. Bate explained that his son was exposed to an extensive variety of works. “My teenager has just graduated from a charter high school called Great Hearts and there they read Iliad, Odyssey, Inferno, Crime and Punishment. He came home one day saying that they had been praised for studying Hegel because it’s really difficult. I’m amazed that 17-year-old American kids are reading Hegel. So there is some hope.” “If you haven’t got readers, what are writers going to do? The deep, thoughtful, quiet reading of great books is good for mental health. It’s also good for developing skills, for concentration and critical thinking, and if that falls away, that is problematic for society and individuals.” 49．How does the author present the topic? A．By stating a worrying change. B．By citing a research finding. C．By explaining a cultural concept. D．By describing a typical professor. 50．Which of the following does Bate think is a reason for the trend? A．Overuse of smartphones. B．Limited access to literary works. C．Insufficient school education. D．Poor learning ability at university. 51．What does Bate imply by referring to his son? A．Classical education is not a lost cause. B．The young are no strangers to classics. C．Charter schools deserve more attention. D．Great books are within teenagers’ reach. 52．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Literary Taste Gives Way to Screens B．Deep Reading Benefits Mental Health C．Literature Students Face a Reading Crisis D．Traditional Education Makes a Comeback 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解议论文（阅读论点、论据分析）（培优专练） 目录 真题·命题感知............................................................................................................................................................01 进阶·强化演练............................................................................................................................................................03 拔高·模拟预测............................................................................................................................................................13 真题·命题感知 第一部分：寻找中心句 Passage 1 （2025 全国 I 卷 C 篇改编） While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. What is the main idea of the text? A. Traffic safety has been greatly improved recently. B. Children’s safety is the top concern of all parents. C. Experts advocate rethinking street design for people. D. More cars on the road lead to heavy traffic jams. 答案：C 详解： 首段提出现象：行人（尤其儿童）出行减少、家长依赖汽车。 第二段给出核心观点：专家呼吁重新思考街道设计与功能（call for a rethink of our streets），为全文中心句。 A（细节）、B（绝对化）、D（无中生有）均错。 Passage 2 2026 全国 I 卷模拟真题 Nowadays, many students hold the view that group discussion is a waste of class time. They argue that talking with classmates cannot improve grades and that teachers should lecture alone. However, group discussion has become an effective way to promote deep learning. When students discuss in groups, they exchange ideas, correct mistakes and learn from each other. It also encourages critical thinking and communication skills, which are valuable for future development. Therefore, schools should encourage proper group discussion in class. What is the central argument of the passage? A. Group discussion helps students learn better. B. Students dislike group discussion in class. C. Teachers prefer to give lectures alone. D. Communication skills are hard to develop. 答案：A 详解： 典型 “反方观点 — 转折立中心 — 论据 — 总结” 结构。 However后为中心句：小组讨论是促进深度学习的有效方式，对应 A。 B、C 为反方铺垫；D 无中生有。 第二部分：识别驳论点 Passage 1 （2025 全国II 卷议论文改编） Some people claim that online courses will completely replace traditional classrooms. They believe that AI teachers and digital materials are more efficient and cost-saving, so offline classes will soon disappear. This opinion, however, ignores the hidden value of face-to-face teaching. In traditional classrooms, teachers can observe students’ facial expressions and adjust teaching methods in time. Immediate interaction and emotional support help students stay motivated. Besides, classroom learning cultivates social skills that online courses cannot provide. What wrong opinion does the author argue against? A. Online courses are less effective than offline ones. B. Traditional classrooms have irreplaceable value. C. Digital education will take the place of classroom teaching. D. Face-to-face interaction benefits students’ development. 答案：C 详解： 开篇摆出错误观点：网课将完全取代传统课堂（completely replace traditional classrooms），转折 however 后开始反驳。 A 与原文相反；B、D 是作者支持的正面观点，非驳论点。 Passage 2 2026全国 I 卷仿真真题（省质检原题） Many teenagers think that developing hobbies is unnecessary. They say schoolwork is the only important task and hobbies will distract them from studying. In fact, hobbies are not enemies of study but powerful helpers. A healthy hobby reduces stress and makes study more efficient. For example, playing the piano or doing sports helps students relax after long hours of hard work. It also shapes one’s personality and enriches life experience. What is the mistaken view mentioned in the passage? A. Hobbies can help students relax and study better. B. Teenagers should focus only on their schoolwork. C. Developing hobbies costs too much time and money. D. Hobbies make teenagers’ life more colorful. 答案：B 详解： 错误观点：学业是唯一重要任务，爱好会分心，对应 B（只专注学业）。 A、D 为作者正面观点；C 原文未提 “cost money”，属于无中生有。 第三部分：逻辑链条构建 Passage 1 （2025 全国一卷 D 篇议论文改编） Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap: boiling and filtering it. Researchers found that boiling tap water for just five minutes can remove over 80% of microplastics. This finding provides a practical solution for ordinary people. It also calls for further studies on microplastic pollution in daily life. What is the logical structure of the passage? A. Problem → Solution → Significance B. Opinion → Evidence → Conclusion C. Phenomenon → Comparison → Choice D. Question → Analysis → Answer 答案：A 详解： 第一段：提出微塑料污染问题（遍布地球、进入人体）。 第二段：给出解决方案（煮沸 + 过滤去除微塑料）。 第三段：说明意义（实用方法、呼吁深入研究）。 逻辑链：问题→方案→意义，对应 A。 Passage 2 2026 全国 I 卷压轴模拟 Reading printed books is beneficial for students. Unlike digital screens, printed books cause less eye strain and help readers focus longer. A recent study of 500 high school students showed that those who read printed books regularly scored 15% higher in reading comprehension tests. They also had better vocabulary and writing skills. Therefore, students should keep the habit of reading printed books along with digital reading. What is the correct logical chain of the text? A. Viewpoint → Supporting evidence → Conclusion B. Fact → Explanation → Prediction C. Comparison → Advantage → Decision D. Problem → Reason → Advice 答案：A 详解： 首段：提出观点（纸质书对学生有益）。 第二段：提供论据（研究数据：阅读成绩高 15%、词汇写作更好）。 尾段：得出结论（建议坚持纸质阅读）。 逻辑链：观点→论据→结论，对应 A。 进阶·强化演练 Passage 1 （2026·浙江·二模）Let’s say we have Person A, B, and C． They don’t know each other, but all are friends with Person D who is highly sociable — sincere, yet so flooded with dates. D makes you feel like the center of attention one moment, and unintentionally disposable the next, because you know, they have a lot going on. Here’s the plot twist: A, B, and C all see themselves as the least socially connected. Why? They only compare themselves to the highly-visible D．Greater visibility doesn’t necessarily reflect what’s typical or average. This is the Friendship Paradox, observed by sociologist Scott L. Feld in 1991: on average, your friends have more friends than you. Not because you’re unpleasant, but because they tend to collect friends. Imagine social networks like nodes (节点) on a graph. Highly connected individuals like D are central nodes, appearing in more social circles and standing out. More outgoing, they tend to share adventures or be annoying on social media. You take them for the norm, but they are the exception. Here’s the best part — comparing yourself to these highly visible people makes you feel inferior: less socializing, less invited, just not enough. Social comparison is a deeply human nature, but when fed by algorithms (算法) and polished selfies, it goes full Black Mirror. Psychologist Leon Festinger proposed the social comparison theory in the 1950s, suggesting that people determine their self-worth by comparing with others. The harm is obvious — the option to hide like counts is pretty self-explanatory. Here’s the emotional cost: You, quietly folding laundry in silence on a Friday night, believe you’re the only one not at a rooftop party. But the truth is, most people are more like Person A, B, C — less visible than D, living at a less photogenic angle. It’s completely normal. So next time you’re wondering why others seem more connected, invited, and adored — remember the paradox. You’re comparing yourself to the most visible person, not the average. You’re not behind, you’re just looking at a distorted mirror. Zoom out. Breathe in. Text one of your friends. Chances are, they’re folding laundry too. 1．Why does the author use the A, B, C, D example in paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate the value of social circles. B．To clarify the uniqueness of sociable people. C．To explain a misjudgment in social relations. D．To emphasize the difficulty of making friends. 2．What does the underlined phrase “go full Black Mirror” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Lead to a positive outcome. B．Turn into something disturbing. C．Become a common social habit. D．Reflect a normal human nature. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards people who live “at a less photogenic angle”? A．Accepting. B．Admiring. C．Worried. D．Critical. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How You Can Stop Self-Comparison. B．Why Others Seem More Popular. C．How Social Media Poses a Hidden Danger. D．Why Being Less Visible Is a Problem. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文借助友谊悖论解释人们总觉得他人更受欢迎的原因，指出人们常与耀眼特例对比而自我内耗，平凡低调的生活本就是常态。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Here’s the plot twist: A, B, and C all see themselves as the least socially connected. Why? They only compare themselves to the highly-visible D.(剧情反转来了：A、B、C都认为自己是社交关系最薄弱的人。为什么？因为他们只拿自己和存在感极强的D去比较。)”可知，作者列举A、B、C、D的例子，是为了解释人们在人际关系中存在的错误自我评判现象。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Social comparison is a deeply human nature, but when fed by algorithms (算法) and polished selfies, it goes full Black Mirror.(社交攀比是人类根深蒂固的天性，但在算法推送与精修自拍的加持下，它goes full Black Mirror)”以及《黑镜》是一部以科技带来的扭曲、不安后果为主题的剧集可知，该短语表示“演变成令人不安、负面的状况”。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“But the truth is, most people are more like Person A, B, C — less visible than D, living at a less photogenic angle. It’s completely normal.(但事实是大多数人都像 A、B、C，不如D耀眼，生活没那么上镜，这完全正常。)”可知，作者对这类生活低调、不张扬的人持理解接纳的态度。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是根据最后一段“So next time you’re wondering why others seem more connected, invited, and adored — remember the paradox.(下次当你疑惑为什么别人看起来更有人脉、更受欢迎时，请记住这个悖论。)”可知，文章围绕友谊悖论，解释了为什么我们总觉得别人比自己更受欢迎，所以B项“Why Others Seem More Popular(为什么其他人看起来更受欢迎)”最贴合全文主旨。 Passage 2 （2026·湖北武汉·三模）The internet of old was like an active market. It was noisy, chaotic, and dynamic. Every click brought you somewhere new, sometimes unpredictable, letting you uncover the joy in exchanging information and thoughts. The internet of today, however, speaks in comforting statements and offers a smooth experience with constant praise. This has robbed us of something in our nature: the pleasure of exploring and questioning. We’ve willingly become creatures of instant satisfaction. Why wait? Why struggle? The change may seem innocent, but it’s also transforming our relationship with the mental effort required to explore uncertainties. By delegating such effort, do we still own the capabilities that help us navigate (定位) the unknown or even think for ourselves? It is becoming clear that even if the current risk posed by AI doesn’t bring about the collapse of civilization, it will still bring about the quiet yet disastrous decline of what makes us human. Part of that decline is caused by choice. And the most powerful way to shape someone’s choices is by gaining their trust. Every model is a memory, trained not just on data that help anticipate what we want, but also how to answer in ways that comfort us and confirm us, and in doing so, they manage to maximize engagement and avoid debate. Designed to please us, chatbots don’t simply answer our questions; they shape how we interact with them and determine what gets shown, what gets smoothed out, and what gets silenced. The early internet was never perfect, but it had a purpose: to connect us, to redistribute power, to widen access to knowledge. Today’s systems are the opposite: Prediction has replaced participation, and certainty has replaced search. But the door to a better future hasn’t shut yet. We can still choose systems that serve rather than control, that offer possibilities instead of mere efficiency. Our humanity and future depend on it. 5．What has the internet lost in its development according to paragraph 1? A．Diverse viewpoints. B．Extensive information. C．Rapid replies. D．Friendly atmosphere. 6．What does the underlined word “delegating” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Putting in. B．Keeping up. C．Turning to. D．Handing off. 7．How do chatbots gain our trust? A．By memorizing previous choices. B．By providing approving responses. C．By presenting opposing ideas. D．By resolving potential problems. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Convenience of the Digital Era B．The Decline of Human Interactions C．The Rise of AI Answering Models D．The Price of a Smooth Cyberworld 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D 【导语】文章对比新旧互联网，指出如今网络和 AI 带来顺滑舒适体验，却让人丧失探索质疑能力、弱化独立思考，人类特质悄然衰退，我们应主动选择不被操控的网络模式。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段“The internet of old was like an active market. It was noisy, chaotic, and dynamic. Every click brought you somewhere new, sometimes unpredictable, letting you uncover the joy in exchanging information and thoughts. The internet of today, however, speaks in comforting statements and offers a smooth experience with constant praise.(过去的互联网就像一个活跃的市场。它嘈杂、混乱且充满活力。每一次点击都会带你进入一个新的领域，有时结果难以预料，让你在信息与思想的交流中发现乐趣。然而，如今的互联网则以令人安心的话语表达自身，并提供一种流畅的体验，不断给予赞美)”可知，互联网在发展过程中失去了多样化的观点。 6．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“do we still own the capabilities that help us navigate (定位) the unknown or even think for ourselves?(我们是否仍然具备那些能帮助我们探索未知领域、甚至独立思考的能力呢？)”可知，把探索未知的脑力劳作交给人工智能，产生了对于探索未知领域、甚至独立思考的能力的疑问。故划线词意思是“转交、托付”。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“Every model is a memory, trained not just on data that help anticipate what we want, but also how to answer in ways that comfort us and confirm us, and in doing so, they manage to maximize engagement and avoid debate. Designed to please us, chatbots don’t simply answer our questions; they shape how we interact with them and determine what gets shown, what gets smoothed out, and what gets silenced.(每一个模型都是一段记忆，其训练过程不仅基于有助于预测我们所需内容的数据，还基于如何以能让我们感到安心和确认自身的方式给出回答的方法。通过这种方式，它们能够最大限度地提高用户的参与度，并避免引发争论。旨在让我们感到愉悦的聊天机器人并非只是简单地回答我们的问题；它们还塑造了我们与它们互动的方式，并决定了哪些内容会被展示、哪些问题会被平滑处理、哪些内容会被压制)”可知，聊天机器人通过给出肯定的答复赢得我们信任。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The internet of old was like an active market. It was noisy, chaotic, and dynamic. Every click brought you somewhere new, sometimes unpredictable, letting you uncover the joy in exchanging information and thoughts. The internet of today, however, speaks in comforting statements and offers a smooth experience with constant praise.(过去的互联网就像一个活跃的市场。它嘈杂、混乱且充满活力。每一次点击都会带你进入一个新的领域，有时结果难以预料，让你在信息与思想的交流中发现乐趣。然而，如今的互联网则以令人安心的话语表达自身，并提供一种流畅的体验，不断给予赞美)”结合文章对比新旧互联网，指出如今网络和 AI 带来顺滑舒适体验，却让人丧失探索质疑能力、弱化独立思考，人类特质悄然衰退，我们应主动选择不被操控的网络模式。可知，D选项“一个顺畅的网络世界的代价”最符合文章标题。 Passage 3 （2026·河北邢台·二模）As a child development psychologist, I’ve spent countless hours observing childhood friendships. What strikes me most is that it’s a cinch for young children to form connections. It needs no emotional scoring systems that often exist in adult relationships. They don’t keep track of who called last, who initiated the play date, or who shared their snacks more often; they just get along and click. This observation leads me to a truth about adult friendships: the most lasting bonds are built on joy and acceptance rather than careful scorekeeping. Unlike the playground friendships I observe daily, many adult relationships suffer from what I call “deep scoring” — the habit of keeping detailed mental records of friendship deals. We track who reached out last, who canceled plans, or who shared more information. When a six-year-old’s friend forgets to save them a swing, children might feel momentarily disappointed, but they rarely carry that hurt forward into the next interaction. They focus on current joy rather than past slights. As adults, we can learn from this approach. When we catch ourselves mentally working out friendship debts, we can stop and ask: “What would a child do in this situation?” Often, the answer involves letting go of the score and focusing on the genuine affection we feel for our friend here and now. The next time you find yourself mentally calculating friendship debts, remember the simple wisdom of children approaching the playground, who simply offer their genuine selves and remain open about connections. This approach doesn’t guarantee that every friendship will last forever, but it ensures that the ones that can last will be built on the strongest possible foundation: care without any conditions. Our adult friendships deserve the same pure intention and open-heartedness. When we stop keep ing score and start keeping faith in the fundamental goodness of human connections, we create space for friendships that truly last forever. 9．What does the underlined part “a cinch” mean in paragraph 1? A．Effortless. B．Emotionless. C．Unexpected. D．Unusual. 10．What does the author find about adult friendships? A．They are built on mutual care. B．They involve constant calculation. C．They are hard to last for long. D．They go less deeper than children’s. 11．What should adults learn from children’s approach? A．Never hurting friends. B．Interacting more actively. C．Living in the moment. D．Forgetting conflict quickly. 12．What suggestion does the author make in the last paragraph? A．Trusting friends unconditionally. B．Establishing lifelong friendships. C．Understanding others’ intentions. D．Treating friends in a sincere way. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 【导语】主要对比孩童与成人的交友方式，指出成人友谊常互相算计衡量，倡导成年人学习孩童真诚纯粹、不计较得失的交友智慧。 【详解】9．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“What strikes me most is that it’s a cinch for young children to form connections. It needs no emotional scoring systems that often exist in adult relationships. They don’t keep track of who called last, who initiated the play date, or who shared their snacks more often; they just get along and click.( 最触动我的是，小孩子建立情谊是a cinch。孩童之间不需要成年人社交里常见的情感衡量标尺。他们不会计较谁先主动联系、谁发起玩耍邀约、谁更常分享零食；只是自然而然相处，投缘相伴。)”可知，孩童建立友谊无需刻意费心、不用算计，由此可推断，a cinch意为“容易、毫不费力”，和选项Effortless表意相符。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This observation leads me to a truth about adult friendships: the most lasting bonds are built on joy and acceptance rather than careful scorekeeping. Unlike the playground friendships I observe daily, many adult relationships suffer from what I call “deep scoring” — the habit of keeping detailed mental records of friendship deals. (这一观察让我悟出成人友谊的真相：最长久的情谊建立在愉悦与包容之上，而非刻意计较得失。与我日常观察到的孩童友谊不同，许多成人关系深陷我所说的深度计分，习惯在心里仔细记录人情往来，计较谁先主动联系、谁临时取消计划、谁倾诉分享更多。)”可知，成年人的友谊常常不断衡量、计较人情得失，存在持续的算计。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When a six-year-old’s friend forgets to save them a swing, children might feel momentarily disappointed, but they rarely carry that hurt forward into the next interaction. They focus on current joy rather than past slights. As adults, we can learn from this approach.(当六岁孩子的朋友忘了为自己留秋千时，孩子或许会一时失落，但很少把这份委屈带到下一次相处中。他们专注当下的快乐，而非过往的不快。成年人可以借鉴这种处事方式。)”可知，成年人应向孩子学习，活在当下，专注当下相处的美好。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The next time you find yourself mentally calculating friendship debts, remember the simple wisdom of children approaching the playground, who simply offer their genuine selves and remain open about connections. This approach doesn’t guarantee that every friendship will last forever, but it ensures that the ones that can last will be built on the strongest possible foundation: care without any conditions. Our adult friendships deserve the same pure intention and open-heartedness.(下次当你在心里暗自计较人情上的情谊亏欠时，请记住孩子们走向游乐场时那份朴素的智慧：只需展露真实的自我，以开放的心态去建立人际联结。这种方式无法保证每一段友谊都能长久维系，却能让那些可以长久走下去的情谊，建立在最坚实的基础之上：无条件的关心与在乎。成年人之间的友谊，同样值得拥有这份纯粹的初心与坦诚豁达的本心。)”可知，作者含蓄建议人们以真诚纯粹、敞开心扉的态度对待朋友与友谊。 Passage 4 （2026·湖南长沙·模拟预测）For years, experts have cautioned that excessive screen time wears away cognitive depth and sustained focus. Now, a cultural fightback is underway. Phrases like “digital burnout” and “attention recession (注意力衰退)” have entered mainstream discourse. According to a Deloitte survey, nearly 25% of respondents deleted at least one social media app in the past year — a figure that rises to one-third among Generation Z, who cite mental health strain and the performative pressure of constant connectivity. This raises a pressing question: if users are increasingly aware of the psychological costs of infinite scrolling, why do brands push harder to capture attention? The uncomfortable truth lies in advertising’s economic function. While advertising did not create the modern economy, it fuels its growth. Each paid impression sustains a system that regulators, parents and policymakers are now questioning. Thus, what began as a debate about technology has unavoidably become a conversation about marketing issues. Yet the previous data shows this strategy is backfiring. Kantar’s Media Reactions study reveals a sharp decline in people saying social media ads capture their attention. In other words, brands are paying more for less effective engagement. Under such circumstances, some forward-thinking brands are choosing another way. Heineken, a Dutch beer brand, for instance, launched a “Boring Phone” campaign to encourage presence over scrolling. Similarly, Bottega Veneta, an Italian luxury fashion brand, made headlines by deactivating its social media accounts, redirecting focus toward craftsmanship, physical exhibitions, and cultural dialogue. These aren’t anti-digital moves. They’re signals of a shift: from maximising attention to respecting it. So where does this leave us? Young people say the always-on model is breaking them. Parents and regulators are desperate for solutions. The central question is no longer whether the attention economy carries consequences, but whether the market will lead a voluntary transformation or await imposed (强制的) force. 13．What is mainly discussed in the first paragraph? A．Public reaction to excessive screen time. B．The mental harm caused by social media. C．Professional warnings against screen overuse. D．The pressure on digital apps to improve service. 14．Why do brands persist in aggressive digital engagement? A．Regulators demand more online content. B．Policymakers desire efficient user response. C．Users’ resistance is considered insignificant. D．Brands regard users’ attention as profitable. 15．How did some forward-thinking brands address the challenge? A．By prioritizing care for users’ attention. B．By refusing to update any digital output. C．By expanding their social media presence. D．By launching digital advertising campaigns. 16．What does the author expect for the future of the attention economy? A．The attention-based industry will soon collapse. B．The transformation will take place in any case. C．Brands will further maximize attention capture. D．Regulatory measures will ultimately force changes. 【答案】13．A 14．D 15．A 16．B 【导语】本文主要讨论的是过度屏幕使用时间引发的公众反弹，以及品牌如何在注意力经济中从“最大化注意力”转向“尊重注意力”的转变趋势。   【详解】13．主旨大意题。根据第一段“For years, experts have cautioned that excessive screen time wears away cognitive depth and sustained focus. Now, a cultural fightback is underway. (多年来，专家一直警告过度屏幕时间会削弱认知深度和持续专注力。如今，一场文化反击正在进行。)”以及“According to a Deloitte survey, nearly 25% of respondents deleted at least one social media app in the past year — a figure that rises to one-third among Generation Z, who cite mental health strain and the performative pressure of constant connectivity. (根据德勤一项调查显示，近25%的受访者在过去一年里卸载了至少一款社交媒体应用，在Z世代中这一比例升至三分之一，他们表示原因是心理健康压力和时刻在线的表演型压力。)”可知，第一段主要讨论的是公众对过度屏幕时间的反应。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段“While advertising did not create the modern economy, it fuels its growth. Each paid impression sustains a system that regulators, parents and policymakers are now questioning. (令人不安的真相在于广告的经济功能。虽然广告没有创造现代经济，但它推动了经济增长。每一次付费展示都维持着一个如今受到监管者、家长和政策制定者质疑的系统。)”可知，品牌之所以坚持激进的数字互动，是因为它们将用户的注意力视为有利可图的商品。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段“These aren’t anti-digital moves. They’re signals of a shift: from maximising attention to respecting it. (这些并非反数字化的举动。它们标志着一种转变：从最大化注意力到尊重注意力。)”可知，一些前瞻性品牌通过优先考虑对用户注意力的关怀来应对挑战。   16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The central question is no longer whether the attention economy carries consequences, but whether the market will lead a voluntary transformation or await imposed (强制的) force. (核心问题不再是注意力经济是否带来后果，而是市场是否会引领一场自愿的变革，还是等待强制力量的到来。)”可知，作者认为无论市场自愿变革还是等待强制力量，转变终究会发生。 Passage 5 （2026·湖北·三模）Claims that artificial intelligence (AI) borders on human intelligence have become commonplace. Some believe that rapid advances in large language models signal “superintelligence” will fundamentally reshape society. However, this comparison misses something essential about what human intelligence is. Research shows that human intelligence emerges from processes like shared language, cultural communication, cooperation and progressive learning across generations. AI systems, by contrast, do not cooperate or form social bonds. They process information separately, responding to prompts without awareness, intention or accountability. Human intelligence is also embodied (具身的). Our thinking is shaped by physical experience, emotion and social interaction, which ground abstract reasoning later in life. AI lacks this grounding. Language models learn statistical patterns from text, not meaning from lived experience. They do not understand concepts in the way humans do. Advocates of AI progress often point to the vast amounts of data used to train modern systems. Yet this data represents a remarkably narrow slice of humanity. Around 80% of online content is produced in just ten languages, while over 7,000 languages are spoken worldwide, with only a few hundred represented online. Training AI on such data set means baking in the perspectives, assumptions and biases of a relatively small portion of the world’s population. Human intelligence, by contrast, is defined by diversity. Eight billion people contribute to a shared cognitive (认知) landscape. AI does not have access to this richness, nor can it generate it independently. The data on which it is trained is based on a highly biased sample. None of this is to deny that AI systems are powerful tools. Used carefully and with oversight, they can be socially beneficial. But usefulness is not the same as intelligence in the human sense. AI remains narrow and dependent on human input, evaluation and correction. It does not form intentions, participate in shared reasoning or contribute to the cultural processes that make human intelligence what it is. Until machines can participate in that social, embodied and ethical dimension of cognition — and there is no evidence they can — the idea that AI will exceed human intelligence remains more promotion than insight. 17．What can be inferred about human intelligence in paragraph 2? A．It progresses at a slow pace. B．It develops from individual learning. C．It features collective wisdom. D．It shows more advanced ability than AI. 18．In paragraph 3, the author primarily contrasts human and AI learning in terms of ________. A．the source of understanding B．the lessons of lived experience C．the speed of data processing D．the concepts of abstract reasoning 19．What mainly contributes to the bias in AI training data? A．Repeated text patterns. B．Inaccurate online content. C．Limited language range. D．Uneven geographical coverage. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards the idea that AI will exceed human intelligence? A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Cautious. D．Unconcerned. 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．C 20．B 【导语】文章主要论述AI与人类智能的本质区别，质疑AI将超越人类智能的说法。 【详解】17．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Research shows that human intelligence emerges from processes like shared language, cultural communication, cooperation and progressive learning across generations.(研究表明，人类智能源于共享语言、文化交流、协作合作以及代代传承的渐进式学习等过程。)”可知，人类智能的特点是集体性的、协作性的，即具有集体智慧的特征。 18．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Our thinking is shaped by physical experience, emotion and social interaction, which ground abstract reasoning later in life. AI lacks this grounding. Language models learn statistical patterns from text, not meaning from lived experience.(我们的思维由身体体验、情感和社会互动塑造，这些为日后的抽象推理奠定了基础。AI缺乏这种基础。语言模型从文本中学习统计规律，而非来自生活体验的意义。)”可知，作者主要从“理解的来源”角度对比了人类和AI的学习方式：人类来自生活体验，AI来自统计模式。 19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Around 80% of online content is produced in just ten languages, while over 7,000 languages are spoken worldwide, with only a few hundred represented online.(全球约80%的在线内容仅由十种语言产出，而全世界有7000多种语言被使用，其中仅有几百种语言在网络上有呈现。)”可知，AI训练数据存在偏差的主要原因是语言覆盖范围有限。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Until machines can participate in that social, embodied and ethical dimension of cognition — and there is no evidence they can — the idea that AI will exceed human intelligence remains more promotion than insight.(在机器真正具备社会性、具象体验性与伦理层面的认知能力之前（目前尚无迹象表明机器能够做到），所谓人工智能将超越人类智能的论调，更多只是商业宣传，而非理性洞见。)”可知，作者对“AI将超越人类智能”这一说法持怀疑态度。 拔高·模拟预测 Passage 1 （2026·广东广州·三模）Is early intensive (高强度) training the key to becoming a world-class performer? The career of tennis champion Novak Djokovic — who started at four and joined a tennis academy at 12 and won his first major title at 20 — seems to be like that. However, a study published in Science which might be against the common idea suggests this path may be the exception rather than the rule, revealing that true superstars often develop quite differently. Led by sports scientist Arne-Güllich, the research analyzed data from more than 34,000 elite (精英) performers in several areas, including sports, chess, classical music, and academia. It followed talented youngsters into their professional, adult careers. When they examined the data, a striking pattern emerged. In every field studied, elite youth performers and elite adults formed almost entirely separate groups. About 90% of adult superstars had not been outstanding as children. By contrast, only about 10% of top-level child talents went on to become exceptional adults. The study found that exceptional performance in childhood was not just an unreliable predictor of adult success — the two were actually negatively correlated. The research also revealed key behavioral differences. Adult superstars maintained broader interests for much longer. Future elite athletes often played multiple sports before specializing, and their performance initially fell behind more focused peers. However, once they specialized, their progress sped up rapidly — what researchers call better “training efficiency”. Why does this pattern hold? The “search and match” theory suggests exploring various fields helps individuals find their best fit. “Enhanced learning” proposes that diverse experiences improve overall learning ability, making later specialization more effective. The “limited-risk hypothesis (假设)” simply suggests that avoiding early intense focus may prevent burnout and maintain motivation. Dr Güllich emphasizes that his team is not saying the intensive early training does not work. It is a reliable way to produce highly competent people — just not the truly world-class ones. Sports academies and selective schools, in other words, may want to rethink how they do things. 21．Why does the author mention Novak Djokovic in paragraph 1? A．To prove the importance of starting early. B．To show the weakness of a common idea. C．To stress a link between talent and fame. D．To present a popular but later challenged belief. 22．Who will get better “training efficiency”? A．A kid who practices piano 8 hours every day from age four. B．A boy who tries several sports for long and later focus on one. C．A student who drops all hobbies to focus on school work. D．A player who doubles the training time to strengthen skills. 23．What is the main idea of paragraph 5? A．The benefits of early specialization. B．The prevention of burnout in young athletes. C．The underlying logic of the later excellence. D．The value of maintaining broader interests. 24．What does Dr Güllich suggest doing? A．Doing more research. B．Adjusting current practices. C．Abandoning early intensive training. D．Identifying child excellence earlier. 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．B 【导语】文章反驳早期高强度专攻成才的普遍看法，研究表明年少多才、后期深耕的人更易成为顶尖强者，并阐释背后成因，建议调整现有人才培养方式。 【详解】21．推理判断题。根据第一段“Is early intensive training the key to becoming a world-class performer? The career of tennis champion Novak Djokovic — who started at four and joined a tennis academy at 12 and won his first major title at 20 — seems to be like that. However, a study published in Science which might be against the common idea suggests this path may be the exception rather than the rule, revealing that true superstars often develop quite differently. (早期高强度训练是成为世界级选手的关键吗？网球冠军德约科维奇4岁打球、12岁进入网球学院、20岁斩获首个重大赛事冠军，其职业生涯看似印证了这一观点。但《科学》杂志一项研究却颠覆大众认知，这类成长模式只是特例，顶尖人才的成长轨迹往往截然不同。)”可知，本段开篇提出大众观点“早期高强度训练是成为世界级选手的关键”，用德约科维奇的例子印证这个普遍流行的看法，随后转折引出一项研究对该观点的质疑。因此作者提德约科维奇是为了呈现一个流行的、后续被挑战的观点。 22．推理判断题。根据第四段“The research also revealed key behavioral differences. Adult superstars maintained broader interests for much longer. Future elite athletes often played multiple sports before specializing, and their performance initially fell behind more focused peers. However, once they specialized, their progress sped up rapidly — what researchers call better ‘training efficiency’. (研究还发现行为差异：顶尖成年人才保持多元兴趣的时间要长得多。未来的精英运动员在专攻之前通常会参加多项运动，他们的表现最初会落后于那些更专注的同龄人。然而，一旦他们专攻某项运动，他们的进步就会迅速加快——研究人员称之为更好的‘训练效率’。)”可知，更好的“训练效率”指的是长期保持广泛兴趣，先尝试多项运动，之后再专注一项，专精后进步飞速，选项B“A boy who tries several sports for long and later focus on one. (一个男孩长期尝试多种运动，后来专注于一项运动。)”符合该定义的描述。 23．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Why does this pattern hold? The ‘search and match’ theory suggests exploring various fields helps individuals find their best fit. ‘Enhanced learning’ proposes that diverse experiences improve overall learning ability, making later specialization more effective. The ‘limited-risk hypothesis’ simply suggests that avoiding early intense focus may prevent burnout and maintain motivation. (为何这种模式会持续存在？‘搜索与匹配’理论认为，探索不同领域有助于个人找到最适合自己的领域。‘强化学习’理论则提出，多样化的经历能提升整体学习能力，使后续的专业化学习更为有效。‘有限风险假设’则简单指出，避免早期过度专注可防止精疲力尽，保持学习动力。)”可知，本段用三个理论解释了“大器晚成（后期专精反而成为顶级选手）”背后的原因，也就是“后来变得卓越的内在逻辑”。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr Güllich emphasizes that his team is not saying the intensive early training does not work. It is a reliable way to produce highly competent people — just not the truly world-class ones. Sports academies and selective schools, in other words, may want to rethink how they do things. (居利希博士强调，他的团队并不是说密集的早期训练不起作用。这是一种培养高素质人才的可靠方式——只是培养不出真正的世界级人才。换言之，体育院校和精英学校可能需要重新思考他们的培养方式。)”可知，居利希博士建议体育院校和精英学校可能需要重新思考他们的培养方式，也就是建议他们调整当前的做法。 Passage 2 （2026·浙江·二模）When two of James Johnson-Byrne’s friends got into an argument earlier this year, he didn’t know what to do. So the 16-year-old turned to an AI companion for advice. AI companions are digital characters who text and talk with users. The chatbot told Johnson-Byrne to separate his friends. He did so and it solved the immediate problem, he said. But “now they don’t talk much.” The experience showed him that AI companions couldn’t find the deeper issue. New research suggests other teens are having the same experience. The majority of teenagers (72%) have used AI companions, according to the survey of over 1,000 13-17-year-olds conducted this year by Common Sense Media. Over half of teens use them regularly and one-third turn to them for relationships and social interactions. What’s more, 33% have discussed serious and important issues with AI companions instead of other humans. The results are cause for concern because the teen years are a “sensitive time of social development,” said Michael Robb, lead author of the study. AI companions can’t model healthy human relationships. “In the real world there are all kinds of social cues that kids have to both interpret and get used to and learn how to respond to,” Robb pointed out. But kids can’t learn to pick up on things like body language from a chatbot. Chatbots are also sycophantic (谄媚的). “They want to please you, and they won’t put up a lot of friction in the way that people in the real world might.” If users get used to this, “when you encounter friction in real world interactions, you’re going to be less prepared,” Robb said. Thankfully, there are things parents can do to protect their kids. Robb suggested they should start by talking to their teens about AI companions without judgment and listening patiently to learn what was appealing about these tools before jumping into concerns; then, it’s a good idea to point out that “AI companions are programmed to be agreeable” and discuss why that’s a concern. Having conversations like this can help kids learn to think about AI more broadly in healthy ways. 25．What do we know about the chatbot’s advice to Johnson-Byrne? A．It was favorably received. B．It settled the argument perfectly. C．It solved the conflict temporarily. D．It was based on a thorough analysis. 26．What does the survey by Common Sense Media show about teenagers? A．They are faced with serious issues. B．They lack adequate social interactions. C．They lack effective communication skills. D．They are heavily dependent on AI companions. 27．What does the author want to show by mentioning “body language” in paragraph 3? A．The limitation of AI companions. B．The function of AI companions. C．The potential application of AI companions. D．The future development of AI companions. 28．What does Robb suggest parents do? A．Talk their children out of using AI tools. B．Support their children’s choice of AI tools. C．Help their kids find more suitable AI tools. D．Guide their kids to think critically about AI tools. 【答案】25．C 26．D 27．A 28．D 【导语】调查显示多数青少年依赖AI陪伴倾诉心事，这类程序存在社交教育弊端，专家建议家长正确引导孩子理性看待AI工具。 【详解】25．细节理解题。根据第一段“The chatbot told Johnson-Byrne to separate his friends. He did so and it solved the immediate problem, he said. But “now they don’t talk much.” The experience showed him that AI companions couldn’t find the deeper issue.(聊天机器人建议约翰逊 - 伯恩疏远自己的朋友们。他照做后虽说暂时化解了眼前矛盾，可如今彼此间已然疏于往来。这段经历让他明白，人工智能陪伴无法触及问题的深层根源。)”可知，人工智能的建议只能暂时化解冲突。 26．推理判断题。根据第二段“The majority of teenagers (72%) have used AI companions, according to the survey of over 1,000 13-17-year-olds conducted this year by Common Sense Media. Over half of teens use them regularly and one-third turn to them for relationships and social interactions. What’s more, 33% have discussed serious and important issues with AI companions instead of other humans.(这项由Common Sense媒体今年开展、面向一千余名13至17岁青少年的调查显示，72%的青少年都使用过人工智能陪伴程序。超半数青少年会频繁使用，三分之一的青少年借助其处理人际情感与社交问题。此外，有33%的青少年选择和人工智能倾诉重大严肃心事，而非向身边人吐露。)”可知，如今青少年十分依赖人工智能陪伴程序。 27．推理判断题。根据第三段““In the real world there are all kinds of social cues that kids have to both interpret and get used to and learn how to respond to,” Robb pointed out. But kids can’t learn to pick up on things like body language from a chatbot.(罗布指出：“现实世界里存在各种各样的社交信号，孩子们必须学会理解、适应并懂得如何应对。”但孩子们无法从聊天机器人身上学会读懂肢体语言这类社交细节。)”可知，作者提及肢体语言是为了说明人工智能陪伴程序存在自身局限性。 28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Robb suggested they should start by talking to their teens about AI companions without judgment and listening patiently to learn what was appealing about these tools before jumping into concerns; then, it’s a good idea to point out that “AI companions are programmed to be agreeable” and discuss why that’s a concern. Having conversations like this can help kids learn to think about AI more broadly in healthy ways.(罗布建议，家长首先应心平气和地和自家青少年聊聊人工智能陪伴工具，耐心倾听，弄清这类工具吸引人的地方，再谈及担忧。其次要让孩子明白，人工智能陪伴程序都是设定好迎合他人情绪的，并探讨这一问题带来的隐患。开展此类沟通，能帮助孩子们以理性健康的视角，更全面地看待人工智能。)”可知，家长要引导孩子批判性看待人工智能工具。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏泰州·模拟预测）For decades, urban planners have held a widely shared belief that neatness and order make cities suitable for living. Governments worldwide try their best to remove visual chaos: clearing temporary roadside stalls, repainting old street walls and pulling down run-down narrow streets, holding the idea that tidy city looks can foster residents’ well-being. However, a growing number of urban sociologists are challenging this fixed opinion, arguing that moderate urban disorder is necessary for a mentally healthy and lively city. Controlled urban disorder refers to minor, harmless imperfect scenes in public areas, including common street sellers, slightly worn public facilities and unregulated green areas. Contrary to public thoughts, such subtle imperfections generate hidden psychological benefits. A decade-long follow-up study conducted by an Australian research group tracked people’s mood changes. It turned out that neighborhoods living in areas with mild disorder felt 27% more satisfied than those living in completely tidy and orderly areas. Researchers attributed the difference to the following: overly tidy city looks convey an unspoken sense of being watched, making residents passive and mentally restricted. The seemingly counter-intuitive conclusion sparks heated debate. Critics maintain that supporting proper city mess may justify careless and lazy city management. They say that totally uncontrolled mess will surely cause safety problems and lower land use efficiency, adding that small messy scenes are just the precursor of serious city decline. Even some neutral scholars admit that it is a tough task for city authorities to draw a clear boundary between creative disorder and destructive mess remains. Rather than advocating blind abandonment of urban management, the research aims to revise people’s biased perception of urban chaos. Modern cities should not follow extreme tidiness at the price of their own vitality. In an increasingly similar urban world, proper imperfection is not a flaw, but an overlooked valuable advantage that nourishes citizens’ mental resilience. 29．Why do mildly disordered neighborhoods bring people more satisfaction? A．They guarantee higher land utilization efficiency. B．They offer abundant public recreational facilities. C．They eliminate residents’ passive living habits thoroughly. D．They provide a sense of freedom from invisible monitoring. 30．The underlined word “precursor” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．symbol B．sign C．barrier D．recipe 31．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．City management should give up strict rules. B．Extreme city tidiness does harm to city vitality. C．Messy city scenes are hard for the public to accept. D．Traditional city planning needs no improvement at all. 32．Which of the following best summarizes the text? A．Traditional planning ignores citizens’ well-being. B．Limits should be set to avoid harmful urban mess. C．Appropriate urban mess is an overlooked treasure. D．Strict city management causes people’s mental stress. 【答案】29．D 30．B 31．B 32．C 【导语】主要说明了研究挑战“整洁即宜居”的传统规划观，发现适度混乱街区居民满意度更高，因其消除过度整洁带来的心理监视感。主张城市应平衡秩序与活力，避免为极端整洁牺牲心理健康。 【详解】29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers attributed the difference to the following: overly tidy city looks convey an unspoken sense of being watched, making residents passive and mentally restricted.(研究人员将这种差异归因于以下原因：过于整洁的城市外观会让人产生一种无形的被监视感，使居民变得被动且心理上受到限制)”可知，轻微混乱的社区能让人们感到更满意因为它们让人感觉摆脱了无形的监控。 30．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“totally uncontrolled mess will surely cause safety problems and lower land use efficiency, adding that small messy scenes are just the(完全失控的混乱必然会导致安全问题并降低土地利用效率，并补充说，一些微小的杂乱场景只是……)”可知，上文提到完全失控的混乱必然会导致安全问题并降低土地利用效率，并补充说，一些微小的杂乱场景只是城市衰败的前兆。故划线词意思是“前兆、征兆”。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Modern cities should not follow extreme tidiness at the price of their own vitality.(现代城市不应以牺牲自身的活力为代价，去追求极端的整洁)”可知，极端的城市整洁会损害城市的活力。 32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, a growing number of urban sociologists are challenging this fixed opinion, arguing that moderate urban disorder is necessary for a mentally healthy and lively city.(然而，越来越多的城市社会学家正在挑战这一固定观点，他们认为适度的城市混乱对于建设一个心理健全且充满活力的城市是必要的)”结合文章主要说明了研究挑战“整洁即宜居”的传统规划观，发现适度混乱街区居民满意度更高，因其消除过度整洁带来的心理监视感。主张城市应平衡秩序与活力，避免为极端整洁牺牲心理健康。可知，合理的城市杂乱是一种被忽视的宝藏。 Passage 4 （2026·河北秦皇岛·一模）It’s a good idea to shake many of the things you have learned over the years out of your mind. Some are outdated, some incorrect and some too obvious. We also need a fresh approach to things of interest, to see them as though for the first time — this approach would help make a thing “strange” and help us avoid prejudice. Years ago, when I first came across the idea that knowledge isn’t always a good thing, I used to wonder if this was anti-intellectualism. I kept finding the idea in the works of many brilliant thinkers that I admired. I loved to read and study, and I knew they did. In fact, this idea doesn’t mean rejecting knowledge, but emphasizing the value of “not-knowing” while learning. When you develop “not-knowing” along with learning, you also allow room for mystery, for the profound and inexplicable (费解的) parts of life that give you a sense of awe (敬畏). An appreciation of the unknowable keeps you honest and humble in the best way. The truly wise person knows how important it is not to know everything. So why were they so “negative” about knowledge? Here’s poet David Hinton’s translation of chapter 71 of the Tao Te Ching to explain this: “If you know the importance of not knowing everything, or anything for that matter, you’re way ahead. If you don’t, you’ll be under the dangerous illusion (幻觉) that you know what life is all about. The starting point toward wisdom is to acknowledge your basic ignorance.” We often fall into the trap of thinking we know everything, which stops us from gaining real wisdom — and this is the problem we need to solve. The solution is to admit to our ignorance and clear our minds of preconceptions. These are Thoreau’s recommendations: Simply focus on what you are concerned with instead of relying on authorities. Then, aim for “total comprehension” and not just simple recognition. 33．What key idea is presented in paragraph 1? A．Having a beginner’s mind. B．Developing critical thinking. C．Learning from past lessons. D．Exploring unknown knowledge. 34．What is a benefit of “not-knowing” according to the text? A．It boosts intellectual growth. B．It relieves mental pressure. C．It builds respect for mystery. D．It simplifies life’s complexity. 35．What does the quote of the Tao Te Ching emphasize? A．The truth of life’s goal. B．The significance of being ahead. C．The harm of ignorance. D．The value of admitting unwisdom. 36．What is Thoreau’s suggestion on gaining real wisdom? A．Refining previous beliefs. B．Seeking a deeper understanding. C．Balancing preconceptions. D．Learning from the authorities. 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D 36．B 【导语】这篇文章主要建议摒弃陈旧固有认知，以初学者视角看待事物，倡导求学时保有“未知之心”，借典籍与名人观点点明：正视无知、摒除成见方能收获真正智慧。 【详解】33．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We also need a fresh approach to things of interest, to see them as though for the first time—this approach would help make a thing “strange” and help us avoid prejudice.(我们还需要对感兴趣的事物采取一种全新的视角，像初次接触一般去看待它们——这种态度有助于让事物变得“陌生”，从而帮助我们避免偏见。)”可知，第一段的核心观点是清空旧有认知，用“第一次看待事物”的新鲜视角（即“初学者心态”）观察世界，避免偏见。 34．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When you develop “not-knowing” along with learning, you also allow room for mystery, for the profound and inexplicable (费解的) parts of life that give you a sense of awe (敬畏).( 当你在学习的同时发展出“不知”的能力，你也会为生活中的神秘、深刻且难以解释的部分留出空间，这些会令你心生敬畏。)”可知，“不知”的核心益处是为生命中的神秘与不可解之处留出空间，让人产生敬畏之心，保持谦逊。 35．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The starting point toward wisdom is to acknowledge your basic ignorance.(通往智慧的起点，就是承认自身的根本无知。)”可知，《道德经》引文的核心是：承认自己的无知（即承认自己并非全知）是通往智慧的起点，强调了“承认自身局限”的价值。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We often fall into the trap of thinking we know everything, which stops us from gaining real wisdom—and this is the problem we need to solve. The solution is to admit to our ignorance and clear our minds of preconceptions. These are Thoreau’s recommendations: Simply focus on what you are concerned with instead of relying on authorities. Then, aim for “total comprehension” and not just simple recognition.(我们常常陷入一种认为自己无所不知的陷阱，这阻碍了我们获得真正的智慧——而这正是我们需要解决的问题。解决之道在于承认自己的无知，并清除心中的偏见。这是梭罗的建议：只需专注于你真正关心的事物，而非依赖权威。然后，追求“完全的理解”，而不仅仅是简单的认知。)”可推知，梭罗的建议包括两点：不依赖权威，专注于自己关心的事物；追求“全面理解”而非表面认知，这对应“寻求更深层次的理解”。 Passage 5 （2026·江苏扬州·模拟预测）America Needs to Radically Rethink What It Means to Be Old In 1960, Del Webb opened Sun City, America’s first “active retirement community.” At that time, this represented a breakthrough: Social Security and pensions had freed millions of older Americans from poverty, and a new lifestyle — leisure in retirement — seemed like a great achievement. But that model is now outdated. Life expectancy in the U.S. has risen dramatically: from 36 years in 1776 Massachusetts to 77.5 years today. An American child born today may well live to 95. The first person to live to 150 may already have been born. Two scholars offer different perspectives. James Chappel, in Golden Years, argues that government must expand welfare programs to meet the needs of a growing elderly population. Andrew J. Scott, in The Longevity Imperative, takes a different view: he believes the three-stage life structure — education, work, retirement — is no longer suitable. Instead, people should see aging as a continuous process. Jobs should adapt to older workers, and age-based entitlements should be replaced with policies based on individual needs. Both authors agree on one thing: the traditional retirement age of 65 makes little sense when people are living so much longer. What we need is a new concept called “late adulthood”— a life stage between middle age and old age, when people can pursue new interests, work in less demanding jobs, and contribute to their communities. The question is whether society will accept this new vision of aging. 37．According to the passage, what was Sun City’s significance when it opened in 1960? A．It was the first university for senior citizens. B．It solved the problem of elderly poverty completely. C．It represented a new lifestyle for retired people. D．It marked the beginning of government pensions. 38．What can be inferred about Chappel and Scott from the passage? A．They both believe the current three-stage life structure is still effective. B．They disagree on whether government welfare programs should be expanded. C．They hold identical opinions on how to define “late adulthood”. D．They both think the retirement age of 65 should be raised to 95. 39．How do Chappel and Scott differ in their views? A．Chappel focuses on government action; Scott focuses on individual adaptation. B．Chappel wants to keep the retirement system; Scott wants to end it. C．Both believe the elderly should stop working completely. D．Both think government spending should be reduced. 40．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To persuade readers to retire early. B．To criticize the current retirement system. C．To explain why people are living longer. D．To argue for redefining the concept of aging. 【答案】37．C 38．B 39．A 40．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了美国退休模式的演变，指出传统的“教育—工作—退休”三阶段人生结构已不适应人均寿命大幅延长的现实，并介绍了两位学者对此的不同看法，最终提出社会需要重新定义“衰老”的概念，建立“晚成年期”这一新的人生阶段。 【详解】37．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1960, Del Webb opened Sun City, America's first “active retirement community.” At that time, this represented a breakthrough: Social Security and pensions had freed millions of older Americans from poverty, and a new lifestyle — leisure in retirement — seemed like a great achievement. (1960年，Del Webb创办了太阳城，这是美国首个“活跃型退休社区”。当时，这标志着一个重大突破：社会保障和养老金使数百万老年美国人摆脱了贫困，而一种全新的退休生活方式——休闲养老——似乎成为一项巨大成就。)”可知，Sun City的意义在于它代表了一种退休后的新生活方式。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段“Two scholars offer different perspectives. James Chappel, in Golden Years, argues that government must expand welfare programs to meet the needs of a growing elderly population. Andrew J. Scott, in  The Longevity Imperative , takes a different view: he believes the three-stage life structure — education, work, retirement — is no longer suitable. Instead, people should see aging as a continuous process. Jobs should adapt to older workers, and age-based entitlements should be replaced with policies based on individual needs. (两位学者提出了不同的观点。James Chappel在《黄金岁月》一书中认为，政府必须扩大福利项目，以满足日益增长的老年人口的需求。而Andrew J. Scott在《The Longevity Imperative》中则持不同看法：他认为传统的三阶段人生结构——教育、工作、退休——已不再适用。相反，人们应将老龄化视为一个持续的过程。工作岗位应适应年长员工的需求，年龄相关的福利待遇也应被基于个人需求的政策所取代。)”可知，Chappel主张扩大政府福利，Scott则主张以个人需求为基础的政策，二人在是否应扩大政府福利项目上存在分歧。 39．细节理解题。根据第三段“James Chappel...argues that government must expand welfare programs to meet the needs of a growing elderly population. Andrew J. Scott.... takes a different view: he believes the three-stage life structure — education, work, retirement — is no longer suitable. Instead, people should see aging as a continuous process. Jobs should adapt to older workers, and age-based entitlements should be replaced with policies based on individual needs. (James Chappel……认为政府必须扩大福利项目，以满足日益增长的老年人口的需求。而Andrew J. Scott……则持不同看法：他认为传统的三阶段人生结构——教育、工作、退休——已不再适用。相反，人们应将老龄化视为一个持续的过程。工作岗位应适应年长员工的需求，年龄相关的福利待遇也应被基于个人需求的政策所取代。)”可知，Chappel侧重政府行动；Scott则侧重个人层面的适应与调整。 40．推理判断题。根据文章标题“America Needs to Radically Rethink What It Means to Be Old (美国需要彻底重新思考“年老”意味着什么)”以及末段“What we need is a new concept called “late adulthood”— a life stage between middle age and old age, when people can pursue new interests, work in less demanding jobs, and contribute to their communities. The question is whether society will accept this new vision of aging. (我们需要一种名为“晚成年期”的新概念——即介于中年与老年之间的生命阶段，人们可以在这一时期追求新的兴趣、从事更轻松的工作，并为社区做出贡献。问题在于，社会是否会接受这种对老龄化的新理念。)”可知，全文的核心目的是主张重新定义衰老的概念。 Passage 6 （2026·安徽合肥·模拟预测）As a librarian, I am hearing one question often: Do audiobooks qualify as reading? Many people don’t think so. There is a pride — even a snobbishness — to being well read. Telling someone that you have only listened to a certain book usually comes out sounding like an apology. A recent survey found that 41 percent of adults don’t believe audiobooks qualify as reading. One friend of mine, who argues with his husband over this, once memorably told me that listening to a book felt like seeing a musical in New Jersey instead of on a Broadway stage. Close, but not the real thing. I used to feel the same way myself. Part of the disapproval comes from how we tend to think reading works. Reading with the eyes starts with decoding, linking letters to sounds and meanings. But once those pathways are built, the brain draws on the same language network to make sense of words, whether they arrive through sight or sound. A 2019 study of The Journal of Neuroscience by researchers from the university of California found that the brains of people reading or listening to the same stories processed meaning in almost the same way. Focused listening lights up those networks and delivers the same comprehension just as print does. Especially for those with reading disabilities, it can improve comprehension and help them stay with the story. However, casual or distracted listening, like playing an audiobook while doing chores, doesn’t appear to engage those networks fully. In plenty of classrooms, students still track their progress in reading print pages and sending the messages that only print counts. However, teachers should give students credit for listening to books, too. Youngsters who read daily for enjoyment tend to develop stronger skills and score higher in school — on average, roughly the equivalent of a year and a half ahead. They’re also more likely to keep reading for pleasure later in life. Pairing print and audio has shown to improve comprehension for some struggling readers, especially when decoding written text is a barrier. 41．What does the underlined word “snobbishness” refer to? A．The sense of superiority in print reading. B．The prejudice against audio reading. C．The sense of achievement in reading well. D．The ignorance of audio reading. 42．What can be inferred about two reading types from the text? A．The brain functions the same in both processes. B．Decoding the text plays a vital role in print reading. C．Attentive audio reading benefits struggling readers more. D．Distracted reading worsens reading disorder problem. 43．What message does the author convey in the last paragraph? A．Developing the habit of reading regularly. B．Arousing students’ reading interests by audio reading. C．Evaluating students’ progress by print reading. D．Adding audio reading to print reading. 44．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why do We Need Audio Reading? B．Audio Reading Deserves Equal Attention! C．Why is Print Reading More Beneficial? D．Reading is the Best Friend of Youngsters! 【答案】41．A 42．C 43．D 44．B 【导语】主要说明了不少人认为听有声书不算阅读，实则专注聆听与阅读脑部理解机制相近，二者各有优势，校园里应结合使用，给予有声阅读同等认可。 【详解】41．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“As a librarian, I am hearing one question often: Do audiobooks qualify as reading? Many people don’t think so.(作为一名图书管理员，我经常听到这样一个问题：有声读物算不算阅读呢？很多人并不这么认为)”可知，有学识之人对纸质阅读抱有优越感，觉得听书不算正经阅读。故划线词意思是“书面阅读所带来的优越感”。 42．推理判断题。根据第三段 “Focused listening lights up those networks and delivers the same comprehension just as print does. Especially for those with reading disabilities, it can improve comprehension and help them stay with the story. However, casual or distracted listening, like playing an audiobook while doing chores, doesn’t appear to engage those networks fully.(专注聆听会激活那些大脑网络，如同纸质阅读一样带来相同的理解。尤其对于那些有阅读障碍的人，它能提高理解能力，帮助他们跟上故事。然而，随意或分心的聆听，比如在做家务时播放有声读物，似乎不能充分激活那些网络)”可知，专注的有声阅读对阅读困难的读者更有益。 43．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Pairing print and audio has shown to improve comprehension for some struggling readers, especially when decoding written text is a barrier.(将图文结合与音频配合的做法已被证明能够帮助一些阅读困难的读者提高理解能力，尤其是在阅读文字内容存在障碍的情况下)”可知，作者传达了在纸质阅读基础上增加有声阅读的信息。 44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“As a librarian, I am hearing one question often: Do audiobooks qualify as reading? Many people don’t think so. There is a pride — even a snobbishness — to being well read.(作为一名图书管理员，我经常听到这样一个问题：有声读物算不算阅读呢？很多人并不这么认为。博览群书会让人产生一种自豪感，甚至还会让人显得有些自命不凡)”结合文章主要说明了不少人认为听有声书不算阅读，实则专注聆听与阅读脑部理解机制相近，二者各有优势，校园里应结合使用，给予有声阅读同等认可。可知，B选项“音频阅读同样值得同等重视！”最符合文章标题。 Passage 7 （2026·广东佛山·模拟预测）To really succeed in life, have you ever considered getting a nemesis (假想敌)? I totally recommend it. Willpower fades. Apps rarely change behavior. You need the kind of fuel that’s born from pure jealousy or from the fire of anger. It’s a feeling that boils down to: That guy? Such emotion can provide lasting motivation. You do not need to express anger openly or confront anyone directly. Honestly, it’s probably better if you don’t tell anyone at all. Many successful people use this emotion as a source of motivation and have made remarkable achievements. Michael Jordan provides a famous example. Here’s a list of things he was offended by: A rival coach not saying hi to him while out to dinner; A rival saying, “You are, lucky, Mike.” These minor slights fueled his determination and pushed him to do better on the basketball court. Creating an enemy and looking for signs of disrespect from opponents help him achieve great things. Research supports this. A study from the Wharton School shows that underdogs often perform better because they want to prove others wrong. It feels satisfying to prove wrong the people who doubt you. In this sense, such feelings can become powerful forces behind achievement. A nemesis does not need to be a famous people or a direct competitor. It can be anyone whose achievements you secretly envy, whose hard work or talents push you to do better, or whose actions challenge you to step up your own game. The key is to turn this emotion into action: you transform feelings of envy into productive energy and push yourself toward greater accomplishments. Even partners, friends or colleagues can sometimes temporarily serve as motivators in certain situations. Ultimately, the power of a nemesis lies in using emotion strategically. People often fear they can’t succeed — so they hesitate to try… until they get mad enough. This emotion — whether real or imagined — can carry you further and help individuals achieve more than they thought possible, especially when training and talent reach their limits. 45．What’s the main idea of paragraph 1? A．A nemesis can be a powerful motivator. B．Willpower alone can guarantee success. C．Apps are ineffective for achieving success. D．Everyone should create a nemesis to succeed. 46．Why is Michael Jordan mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To show he often has conflicts with others. B．To prove talent is more important than emotion. C．To illustrate how minor offenses drive performance. D．To explain why athletes often need strong opponents. 47．Who can be considered as a nemesis? A．Only well-known figures or direct rivals. B．Anyone whose achievements motivate you. C．People who openly challenge you every day. D．Someone who frequently causes arguments. 48．How does the author view the power of nemesis? A．It can replace talent and hard work. B．It is an unreliable source of motivation. C．It is an imaginary concept with little effect. D．It can be a strategic tool for personal growth. 【答案】45．A 46．C 47．B 48．D 【导语】文章介绍树立人生假想敌的积极作用，说明其能转化情绪为动力，助力个人突破自我、收获成功。 【详解】45．主旨大意题。根据第一段“To really succeed in life, have you ever considered getting a nemesis (假想敌)? I totally recommend it. Willpower fades. Apps rarely change behavior. You need the kind of fuel that’s born from pure jealousy or from the fire of anger.(想要在人生中真正取得成功，你是否考虑过拥有一个假想敌？我完全推荐这样做。意志力会消退。应用软件几乎无法改变行为。你需要一股动力，它源自纯粹的好胜心，或是满腔斗志)”可知，第一段主要说明假想敌可以成为强大的动力源泉。 46．推理判断题。根据第二段“These minor slights fueled his determination and pushed him to do better on the basketball court. Creating an enemy and looking for signs of disrespect from opponents help him achieve great things.(这些细微的轻视激发了他的决心，促使他在球场上做得更好。树立对手、捕捉对手轻视自己的信号帮助他成就伟业)”可知，作者列举迈克尔·乔丹的例子，是为了说明微小的冒犯和轻视能够激励人提升自我、优化表现。 47．细节理解题。根据第四段“A nemesis does not need to be a famous people or a direct competitor. It can be anyone whose achievements you secretly envy, whose hard work or talents push you to do better, or whose actions challenge you to step up your own game.(假想对手不必是名人，也无需是直接竞争对手。任何人都可以成为你的假想敌：那些暗自让你心生向往的佼佼者，那些凭借努力与天赋激励你不断进步的人，或是那些行事作风促使你全力以赴、提升自我的人)”可知，任何成就可以激励你的人，都可以成为你的假想敌。 48．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, the power of a nemesis lies in using emotion strategically. ...This emotion — whether real or imagined — can carry you further and help individuals achieve more than they thought possible, especially when training and talent reach their limits.(归根结底，假想敌的力量在于策略性地利用情绪。……这种情绪，无论真实的还是想象的，都能催人奋进，帮助人们突破自我、取得超乎预想的成就，尤其当训练与天赋都抵达瓶颈之时)”可知，作者认为假想敌是助力个人成长的策略性工具。 Passage 8 （2026·山东·模拟预测）Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. Many young people entering university to study literature have not read extensively (广泛地), and they often have difficulty doing so during their time at university. This is a growing trend that many academics have observed, although it isn’t always the case. Bate told the BBC’s Today programme, “The currently fashionable answer is that it’s to do with the reduced attention due to smartphones, six-minute YouTube videos and instant TikTok hits.” “Actually it all begins in schools. You only have to look at the thinning of A-level syllabuses (教学大纲) and the tendency to assign works because they’re shorter,” Bate said. He added that it was also “an unintended consequence of the push in both the top British and American universities towards diversity and access… as some students come from schools where the teachers’ main task is crowd control, and so the demands in terms of reading long books are just not there.” State-funded charter (特许) schools in the US were an interesting phenomenon, however. “There’s a big comeback of classical education within these schools,” Bate said. Bate explained that his son was exposed to an extensive variety of works. “My teenager has just graduated from a charter high school called Great Hearts and there they read Iliad, Odyssey, Inferno, Crime and Punishment. He came home one day saying that they had been praised for studying Hegel because it’s really difficult. I’m amazed that 17-year-old American kids are reading Hegel. So there is some hope.” “If you haven’t got readers, what are writers going to do? The deep, thoughtful, quiet reading of great books is good for mental health. It’s also good for developing skills, for concentration and critical thinking, and if that falls away, that is problematic for society and individuals.” 49．How does the author present the topic? A．By stating a worrying change. B．By citing a research finding. C．By explaining a cultural concept. D．By describing a typical professor. 50．Which of the following does Bate think is a reason for the trend? A．Overuse of smartphones. B．Limited access to literary works. C．Insufficient school education. D．Poor learning ability at university. 51．What does Bate imply by referring to his son? A．Classical education is not a lost cause. B．The young are no strangers to classics. C．Charter schools deserve more attention. D．Great books are within teenagers’ reach. 52．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Literary Taste Gives Way to Screens B．Deep Reading Benefits Mental Health C．Literature Students Face a Reading Crisis D．Traditional Education Makes a Comeback 【答案】49．A 50．C 51．A 52．C 【导语】牛津教授指出如今文学专业学生阅读量大幅下降，并分析该现象成因，也提及了利好现状与深度阅读的重要性。 【详解】49．细节理解题。根据第一段“Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. (牛津大学英国文学教授乔纳森·贝特爵士警示，文学专业学生过去一周读三本书，如今三周都难以读完一本。)”可知，作者通过陈述一个令人担忧的变化引出话题。 50．细节理解题。根据第三段“Actually it all begins in schools. You only have to look at the thinning of A-level syllabuses and the tendency to assign works because they’re shorter,” Bate said. (贝特表示：事实上这一切始于学校。只需看看英国高级程度考试教学大纲的缩减，以及学校倾向于布置篇幅更短的作品的现象便能知晓。)”和第四段“He added that it was also “an unintended consequence of the push in both the top British and American universities towards diversity and access… as some students come from schools where the teachers’ main task is crowd control, and so the demands in terms of reading long books are just not there.” (他补充道，“这也是英美顶尖大学推行多元化招生和普及教育带来的意外结果……部分学生就读的学校中，教师的主要工作是维持秩序，因此学校没有对长篇书籍阅读提出要求。”)”可知，贝特认为该现象的原因是学校教育存在不足。 51．推理判断题。根据第五段“State-funded charter schools in the US were an interesting phenomenon, however. “There’s a big comeback of classical education within these schools,” Bate said. (然而，美国公立特许学校是一个有趣的现象。贝特称：“这些学校的古典教育正在强势回归。”)”以及后续讲述儿子在特许学校研读多部经典著作、学习深奥知识，以及第六段最后“So there is some hope. (所以仍存有希望。)”可知，贝特提及儿子的经历是为了说明古典教育并未彻底没落，仍有发展希望。 52．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. (牛津大学英国文学教授乔纳森·贝特爵士警示，文学专业学生过去一周读三本书，如今三周都难以读完一本。)”可知，全文围绕文学专业学生阅读量锐减这一核心问题展开，介绍了该现象、分析背后成因、列举特例并阐述深度阅读缺失的危害，其核心主题是文学专业学生面临阅读危机。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解议论文（阅读论点、论据分析）（培优专练） 目录 真题·命题感知............................................................................................................................................................01 进阶·强化演练............................................................................................................................................................03 拔高·模拟预测............................................................................................................................................................13 真题·命题感知 第一部分：寻找中心句 Passage 1 答案：C Passage 2 答案：A 第二部分：识别驳论点 Passage 1 答案：C Passage 2 答案：B 第三部分：逻辑链条构建 Passage 1 答案：A Passage 2 答案：A 进阶·强化演练 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B Passage 2 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D Passage 3 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D Passage 4 【答案】13．A 14．D 15．A 16．B Passage 5 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．C 20．B 拔高·模拟预测 Passage 1 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．B Passage 2 【答案】25．C 26．D 27．A 28．D Passage 3 【答案】29．D 30．B 31．B 32．C Passage 4 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D 36．B Passage 5 【答案】37．C 38．B 39．A 40．D Passage 6 【答案】41．A 42．C 43．D 44．B Passage 7 【答案】45．A 46．C 47．B 48．D Passage 8 【答案】49．A 50．C 51．A 52．C 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $