专题06 阅读理解说明文（阅读与研究报告）（培优专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读三维训练，通过真题感知、强化演练、模拟预测系统提升数据图表解读与实验逻辑推理能力，契合高考命题趋势。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |真题·命题感知|2篇高考改编题|数据图表解读（表格/柱状图）、实验流程分析|从具体数据到结论推导，训练信息定位与逻辑验证能力| |进阶·强化演练|6篇模拟题|科技说明（纳米材料/3D打印）、研究报告（睡眠/疼痛）|围绕现象-原理-应用链条，培养细节理解与推理判断能力| |拔高·模拟预测|6篇预测题|跨学科研究（生物钟/基因调控）、环境科学|整合多维度信息，提升复杂文本分析与批判性思维|

专题06 阅读理解说明文（阅读与研究报告）（培优专练） 目录 真题·命题感知............................................................................................................................................................01 进阶·强化演练............................................................................................................................................................15 拔高·模拟预测............................................................................................................................................................27 真题·命题感知 第一部分：数据图表解读 Passage 1 2025年高考·改编题 The Growth of Renewable Energy in China China has made remarkable progress in renewable energy development over the past decade. According to data released by the National Energy Administration, the country’s energy mix has undergone significant transformation. [Chart 1: China‘s Electricity Generation by Source (2015 vs. 2025)] Energy Source 2015 (%) 2025 (%) Change (percentage points) Coal 73.2% 52.1% -21.1 Hydropower 16.5% 14.2% -2.3 Wind 3.8% 12.5% +8.7 Solar 0.7% 9.8% +9.1 Nuclear 3.1% 5.6% +2.5 Biomass & Others 2.7% 5.8% +3.1 [Chart 2: Total Renewable Energy Capacity by Region (2025)] Region Wind Capacity (GW) Solar Capacity (GW) Total Renewable (GW) North China 85 42 127 East China 52 68 120 Northwest China 78 95 173 South China 35 58 93 Southwest China 28 32 60 Central China 41 45 86 [Chart 3: Investment in Renewable Energy (Billion Yuan)] Bar chart showing: 2015: 380 billion yuan 2018: 520 billion yuan 2021: 690 billion yuan 2024: 850 billion yuan 2025: 910 billion yuan “China has become the world’s largest investor in renewable energy,” said Lin Boqiang, director of the China Institute for Studies in Energy Policy at Xiamen University. “The shift from coal to clean energy is not only an environmental necessity but also an economic opportunity.” 1. According to Chart 1, which energy source experienced the largest percentage point increase from 2015 to 2025? A. Wind B. Solar C. Nuclear D. Biomass & Others 2. Based on Chart 2, which region has the highest total renewable energy capacity in 2025? A. North China B. East China C. Northwest China D. South China 3. According to Chart 3, approximately how much did investment in renewable energy increase from 2015 to 2025? A. 380 billion yuan B. 530 billion yuan C. 910 billion yuan D. 1,290 billion yuan Passage 2 2026年高考·改编题 Teenage Sleep Habits and Academic Performance A three-year longitudinal study conducted by the Sleep Research Institute tracked 3,200 students from 15 high schools to examine the relationship between sleep duration and academic outcomes. The following charts summarize key findings. [Chart 1: Average Sleep Duration on School Nights by Grade Level] Grade Level Average Sleep (hours) Recommended Minimum (hours) Grade 9 7.8 8.5 Grade 10 7.4 8.5 Grade 11 7.1 8.5 Grade 12 6.7 8.5 [Chart 2: Academic Performance by Sleep Category] Sleep Duration Average GPA (4.0 scale) Percentage of Students Less than 6 hours 2.8 18% 6 to 7 hours 3.1 35% 7 to 8 hours 3.4 32% 8 to 9 hours 3.6 12% 9+ hours 3.7 3% [Chart 3: Factors Interfering with Sleep (Students reporting “often” or “always”)] Interfering Factor Percentage of Students Homework/studying 72% Using social media 68% Playing video games 54% Watching streaming videos 51% Stress/worrying 63% Caffeine consumption 29% Dr. Michael Chen, the lead researcher, stated: “The data clearly shows a dose-response relationship between sleep and academic performance—more sleep is associated with higher GPAs, up to a point. However, the concerning trend is that students sleep less as they advance through high school, with nearly half of all students failing to meet the recommended 8.5 hours.” 4. According to Chart 1, which grade level has the largest gap between actual sleep duration and the recommended minimum? A. Grade 9 B. Grade 10 C. Grade 11 D. Grade 12 5. Based on Chart 2, what is the most common sleep duration category among high school students? A. Less than 6 hours B. 6 to 7 hours C. 7 to 8 hours D. 8 to 9 hours 6. According to Chart 3, which two factors interfere with sleep for more than 60% of students? A. Homework and stress B. Social media and video games C. Streaming videos and caffeine D. Homework and video games 7. Based on Chart 2, approximately how many percentage points higher is the GPA of students sleeping 8-9 hours compared to those sleeping less than 6 hours? A. 0.8 points B. 1.2 points C. 2.8 points D. 3.6 points 第二部分：实验流程推理 Passage 1 2025年高考·改编题 Music Tempo and Consumer Behavior in Cafés A growing body of research suggests that background music significantly influences consumer behavior in retail and service environments. However, most existing studies have focused on Western settings, leaving questions about how these effects translate to different cultural contexts. To address this gap, researchers at Renmin University of China conducted a controlled experiment examining how music tempo affects customer spending and dwell time in Chinese urban cafés. The study took place over four weeks at three independent cafés located in Beijing. Each café had similar seating capacity (approximately 40 seats), price ranges, and customer demographics. The researchers manipulated the background music tempo—the speed of the beat measured in beats per minute (BPM)—while keeping music genre (light jazz), volume (65 decibels), and artist constant across conditions. A total of 847 customers participated unknowingly in the experiment. Each week, the cafés rotated through three music conditions: Slow tempo condition: Music played at 60 BPM (Week 1) Medium tempo condition: Music played at 90 BPM (Week 2) Fast tempo condition: Music played at 120 BPM (Week 3) No music condition: No background music (Week 4, control) The researchers tracked two primary outcome measures for each customer: dwell time (minutes spent in the café) and total spending (yuan). Trained observers recorded data discreetly without interacting with customers. All customers were unaware that an experiment was taking place to prevent behavioral modification. The results revealed a clear pattern. Under the slow tempo condition (60 BPM), customers stayed an average of 52 minutes and spent 68 yuan. Under the medium tempo condition (90 BPM), dwell time dropped to 38 minutes with spending of 45 yuan. The fast tempo condition (120 BPM) produced the shortest dwell time at 24 minutes and lowest spending at 28 yuan. Interestingly, the no-music control condition yielded results similar to the medium tempo condition, with customers staying 36 minutes and spending 42 yuan. Lead researcher Professor Zhang Wei explained the findings: “Slow music encourages customers to relax and feel less rushed, which translates into longer visits and higher spending. This effect appears consistent with the ‘environmental psychology’ concept of arousal—lower arousal levels promote extended dwell time in hospitality settings.” The study has practical implications for café owners and managers. The researchers recommend that establishments aiming to maximize per-customer revenue should consider slower-tempo background music. However, for cafés experiencing high customer turnover during peak hours, faster music might be strategically employed to increase table availability. 1. What was the primary limitation of previous studies on background music mentioned in the passage? A. They focused only on Western cultural contexts. B. They did not measure customer spending accurately. C. They used only one type of music genre. D. They failed to control music volume properly. 2. How did the researchers ensure customers were unaware of the experiment? A. They conducted the experiment in empty cafés. B. They used hidden cameras to record behavior. C. They had observers record data without interacting with customers. D. They asked customers to sign consent forms after the experiment. 3. According to the study, what effect did the slow tempo condition have on customer behavior? A. It reduced both dwell time and spending. B. It increased dwell time but decreased spending. C. It increased both dwell time and spending. D. It had no significant effect compared to no music. 4. What is the study’s practical recommendation for cafés during peak hours? A. Play slower music to increase customer spending. B. Play faster music to improve table turnover. C. Turn off all background music completely. D. Increase music volume to attract attention. Passage 2 2026年高考·改编题 The Impact of Noise Cancellation on Reading Comprehension For decades, researchers have investigated how background noise affects cognitive performance. The prevailing view has been that any background noise impairs concentration and reduces reading comprehension. However, this conclusion may be oversimplified. A new study from Fudan University challenges this assumption by examining the differential effects of various noise cancellation levels. Dr. Liu Yang and her team recruited 240 university students aged 18 to 24, all native Mandarin speakers with normal hearing. Participants were randomly assigned to four experimental groups of 60 students each. All participants completed a standardized reading comprehension test consisting of three passages of similar difficulty levels, followed by 20 multiple-choice questions. The experimental manipulation involved the type of noise environment: Group A (Full noise cancellation): Participants wore high-end noise-canceling headphones that blocked 95% of ambient sounds (library level ≈ 25 dB) Group B (Partial noise cancellation): Participants wore mid-tier headphones that blocked 60% of ambient sounds (coffee shop level ≈ 55 dB) Group C (No noise cancellation): Participants wore placebo headphones that provided no noise cancellation (open office level ≈ 70 dB) Group D (Control): Participants took the test in a completely silent room without headphones All participants completed the test under the same lighting conditions and at the same time of day (10:00 AM) to control for circadian rhythm effects. The test had a 40-minute time limit, and all participants finished within the allotted time. The results contradicted conventional wisdom. Contrary to the assumption that full silence is optimal, Group A (full noise cancellation) scored an average of 68% on the comprehension test. Group B (partial noise cancellation) achieved the highest score at 82%. Group C (no noise cancellation) scored 71%, while Group D (complete silence) scored 75%. Dr. Liu explained the counterintuitive findings: “Complete silence or full noise cancellation may actually be distracting because the brain is evolutionarily adapted to expect some level of ambient noise. The absence of expected background sounds can trigger heightened environmental monitoring, consuming cognitive resources that would otherwise be available for comprehension. Moderate ambient noise provides just enough auditory input to satisfy this monitoring system without overwhelming it.” The research team conducted a follow-up survey asking participants about their subjective experience. Interestingly, Group A participants reported the highest levels of distraction despite objective performance being not the worst, suggesting a mismatch between perceived and actual concentration. The study has significant implications for educational settings, particularly for designing optimal study environments for students. The researchers caution against assuming that “the quieter, the better” and recommend moderate ambient noise levels—similar to a quiet coffee shop—for tasks requiring focused reading comprehension. 5. What was the purpose of assigning participants randomly to the four groups? A. To ensure each group had equal gender distribution. B. To minimize pre-existing differences between groups. C. To allow participants to choose their preferred environment. D. To test different reading passages on each group. 6. According to the passage, what did Group B experience during the experiment? A. Complete silence in a soundproof room. B. A coffee shop level of ambient noise with partial noise cancellation. C. Open office noise with no noise cancellation. D. Library-level silence with full noise cancellation. 7. What did the study find about the relationship between noise cancellation and reading comprehension? A. Full noise cancellation produced the highest test scores. B. Partial noise cancellation resulted in better comprehension than complete silence. C. No noise cancellation was better than partial noise cancellation. D. Complete silence was the optimal environment for reading. 8. What explanation did Dr. Liu provide for the study’s findings? A. The brain requires complete silence to focus properly. B. Noise cancellation headphones are technically unreliable. C. The brain expects some background noise and monitors its absence. D. Participants deliberately performed poorly in complete silence. 进阶·强化演练 Passage 1 （2026·湖北·三模）Think of how many surfaces you touch daily, from your work desk to the bus handrails and your phone screen. Viruses can easily spread via these surfaces. Infection typically occurs by touching a contaminated (污染的) surface — and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Now a team of researchers led by Elena Ivanova created a thin plastic surface with tiny nanoscale features, billionths of a metre in size, that copy the nanostructured surface of insect wings and can physically burst viruses the moment they land. Current methods for preventing virus spread via surfaces usually involves cleaning and disinfection. Disinfectant must remain wet for some time to kill bacteria. This can be challenging in some real-world settings. Surfaces can also be recontaminated quickly when touched by others. And disinfection often requires harsh chemicals which can damage equipment and the environment. Nature offers examples of bacteria-free surfaces, such as the thin water-resistant wings of dragonflies. While these wings are self-cleaning, they act less by pushing bacteria away and more as natural bacteria killers. Experiments the team did with gold-coated wings, which resemble the wings of dragonflies, confirmed this bacteria-killing effect is not driven by surface chemistry, but rather by the physical nanostructures on the surface which essentially force bacterial cell walls to stretch and burst. In this new study, the researchers created a virus-bursting material that was lightweight and flexible: a thin plastic film covered in thousands of tiny pillars (柱子). These nanopillars grab and stretch a virus’s outer shell until it bursts, killing viruses through mechanical force. The mould (模具) they used to create this material can be easily scaled for industrial use, from food packaging to hospital equipment and office desks. Nanostructured surfaces are built for durability. But they will degrade over time under physical, chemical, and environmental stressors. Much remains to be discovered in the search for bacteria-free surfaces. But these nanostructured surfaces have enormous potential in the fight against viruses and provide an alternative to traditional methods. 1．What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．The impact of chemicals. B．The risk of recontamination. C．The challenges of cleaning. D．The disadvantages of disinfectants. 2．What determines the bacteria-killing effect of dragonflies’ wings? A．Their surface structure. B．Their physical composition. C．Their exceptional thinness. D．Their water-resistant property. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about regarding the material? A．Its key components. B．Its working principle. C．Its potential applications. D．Its production process. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Killing Bacteria: The Role of Chemicals B．Plastic Film Stops Viruses from Sticking C．Preventing Infection: The Magic of Nature D．Nanopillars Tear Apart Viruses on Contact Passage 2 （2026·广东深圳·二模）It’s Monday morning again. Like many others, you spend your weekend resting, say, scrolling on your phone, but somehow when the workweek arrives, you never feel as refreshed as you hoped. You wonder: Is there a better way to recharge? Now research suggests the answer is “yes” and it lies in leisure crafting. Leisure crafting is not about what you do in your free time, but how you do it. It involves structuring things you already enjoy doing with intentionality so that they help you set individual goals, promote social connections, and build skills. The idea is not to completely shift your approach to free time — or even pick up new pursuits-as much as it is to integrate a few specific goals. Like to run? Try training for a race. Enjoy reading? Aim to read a certain number of books every month. Setting goals in off-hours looks like another example of letting work-brain logic inch its way into personal lives. But done right, it can help you feel a sense of purpose, confidence, and accomplishment, says Alex Hamrick, a management professor at the University of Richmond. Researchers did 11 field studies with more than 2,400 working professionals and found that individuals reported higher energy levels, more positive moods, and stronger overall well-being after engaging in leisure crafting. While leisure crafting requires commitment and goal-setting, it is still simply that: leisure. The goal is not to turn hobbies into a second job. Research has shown that people’s productivity tends to stop increasing at 60 hours a week. Expanding the hours spent maximizing output, even in pursuit of perfecting your cooking techniques or reading detective novels, could make you more tired. Hamrick agrees that if purposeful pursuits start to feel like work, it might be time to stop. Leisure crafting should enhance-not replace-other forms of relaxation. A recent government guide to getting off your phone included the suggestion of setting a recreational goal as a diversion from the screen. Beyond all the grander reasons to leisure craft, that simple one may be among the most relevant. 5．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A．Lack of effective ways to rest. B．Working through the weekend. C．Addiction to playing on phones. D．Feeling worried about the future. 6．Which of the following is the main feature of leisure crafting? A．Shifting your life focus. B．Extending your free time. C．Acting with a purpose. D．Taking up new hobbies. 7．What is paragraph 3 mainly about concerning leisure crafting? A．Its approaches. B．Its purposes. C．Its benefits. D．Its examples. 8．Why does the author mention the research in paragraph 4? A．To argue against setting unrealistic goals. B．To warn against overdoing leisure crafting. C．To explain why commitment is vital for success. D．To prove how leisure crafting improves efficiency. Passage 3 （2026·广东中山·三模）Scientists have long believed that around 700 million years ago, Earth experienced extreme cold conditions, known as a “snowball Earth”, where ice stretched from the poles to the equator. However, the exact degree of this coldness had remained unclear. Now, an international research team led by Chinese scientists has made a major breakthrough by providing the first data-based measurements of ocean temperatures from that period. The findings, published recently in a journal, suggested that ocean temperatures at continental edges were roughly between -22℃ and -8℃. These areas were where life was most active. The seawater was also up to four times saltier than modern ocean water. “This is the coldest measured ocean temperature in Earth’s history,” said Lu Kai, first author of the study and researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This extreme cold period left behind special rocks: rusty (生锈的) red iron formations found where continental glaciers (冰川) met the ice - covered seas. The researchers used these rocks to measure ancient temperatures. They focused on iron isotopes (同位素) — different forms of iron atoms (原子). These isotopes change in a regular pattern as temperature changes, making them reliable for temperature measurement. By analyzing the iron isotopes in the rocks, the team figured out how cold the ancient ocean was. The results showed that the surface seawater temperature was much lower than today’s 17℃, yet it remained unfrozen. Lu explained that this extreme environment was likely to have formed at the base of massive ice shelves. During the melting (融化) and freezing cycles, ice pushes out salts, which build up over time. This creates salt-rich areas with extremely low temperatures. The high salt environment serves as a natural antifreeze, allowing seawater to stay liquid at temperatures far below the normal freezing point. “This discovery helps us understand how early life survived in such extreme climates,” Lu said. “It provides the first solid evidence of the marine environment during that era and serves as a valuable reference for understanding dramatic climate changes and how early life adapted to challenging conditions.” 9．What was uncertain about the “snowball Earth” period before Lu’s study? A．The most active areas for life. B．The timing of that period. C．The precise ocean temperature. D．The coverage of ice on Earth. 10．What made iron isotopes a useful measuring tool in the study? A．Their stability in cold environments. B．Their regular change with temperature. C．Their formation under salty condition. D．Their widespread presence in the rocks. 11．Why does the seawater remain unfrozen in the extreme cold? A．Massive ice shelves trap heat. B．Marine life speeds up glacier melting. C．Salt lowers the freezing point. D．Melting-freezing cycles release energy. 12．What does Lu say about the discovery? A．It defines an era. B．It reveals changes. C．It predicts climate. D．It proves evolution. Passage 4 （2026·河北沧州·一模）In Tell Me Where It Hurts, pain psychologist Rachel Zoffness achieves a rare breakthrough: revealing pain’s complexity and offering practical solutions. For decades, pain has been narrowly seen as a direct signal of physical damage. Zoffness challenges this, arguing pain is a “complex cocktail” of physical, emotional, psychological and social ingredients. She uses the “pain recipe” metaphor to make this accessible: just as ingredients combine to make brownie cakes, these elements create pain. Zoffness illustrates this with two nail stories. A construction worker stepped on a 7-inch nail, screaming in great pain, but the nail missed his foot — his pain was real without injury. On the contrary, a man had a 4-inch nail stuck in his face, yet felt little pain. These stories prove pain is not a reliable indicator of bodily harm, breaking the traditional link between damage and discomfort. Zoffness defines pain as a biopsychosocial phenomenon. The U.S. healthcare system focuses only on the biological aspect, missing two-thirds of the problem. She criticizes the system’s over-reliance on drugs and surgeries, noting that chronic (慢性的) pain affects millions, yet clinicians often lack training in holistic (整体的) care. Many pain sufferers feel unheard, as their non-physical struggles are ignored. But she offers hope: we can control some “pain ingredients”. Her book provides behavioral strategies-improving sleep, strengthening social ties, addressing injuries-for patients and providers. She stresses, “Never label pain as incurable.” Moreover, she highlights that holistic care requires a shift in mindset. Clinicians must listen to patients’ full experiences, not just physical symptoms. This shift can empower patients to take an active role in their recovery, turning them from passive recipients to active participants. She also calls for better education of medical professionals on the psychological aspects of pain. Still, Zoffness ends optimistically. Pain, as a “whole-person problem”, needs a “whole-person solution”. Holistic approaches unlock countless paths to relief, offering real hope to those trapped in chronic pain. This vision could reshape pain care for generations. 13．Why does Zoffness use the “pain recipe” metaphor? A．To simplify pain’s biological causes. B．To promote cooking-based pain relief. C．To compare pain to cooking processes. D．To help explain pain’s complex nature. 14．What do the two nail stories show? A．Severe injuries cause severe pain. B．Pain can exist without bodily harm. C．Pain always indicates physical damage. D．Different people react to pain differently. 15．What is Zoffness’s view on the U.S. healthcare system’s handling of chronic pain? A．It’s effective for focusing on biology. B．It’s advanced for offering behavioral treatment. C．It’s faulty for overlooking psychosocial elements. D．It’s successful for avoiding labeling pain as incurable. 16．What does the author imply about holistic approaches to pain? A．They may change how pain is treated. B．They ignore the biological basis of pain. C．They are too complex to carry out widely. D．They have replaced the traditional methods. Passage 5 （2026·安徽六安·模拟预测）Recently, a team of engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) published a study in Nature Communications, introducing an ultrasonic-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technology. This innovative approach enables rapid abstraction of drinking water from sorbents (吸附剂), offering a new solution to water shortage in dry regions. Atmospheric water harvesting technology captures dampness from the air using sorbents. However, conventional AWH systems rely on solar heat to evaporate (蒸发) and cool water from these sorbents, a process that takes hours or even days, leading to low efficiency. The MIT team’s important achievement lies in replacing solar heating with ultrasonic waves, whose working principle centers on high-frequency shakiness to break the weak bonds between water molecules (分子) and the sorbent’s absorption sites. Ultrasonic waves, which work at frequencies above 20 kilohertz (not heard by humans), create targeted disturbances that generate force to release water molecules from the sorbent. The core of the device is a flat ceramic ring that shakes when electricity is applied, surrounded by an outer ring fitted with tiny tubes. The shaken-out water drops pass through these tiny tubes and are collected in containers attached above and below the shaking ring. In tests conducted under different dampness conditions, the device successfully abstracted all water from fully wet sorbent samples in just a few minutes rather than the tens of minutes or hours needed for heat-based approaches. The researchers calculate that, compared to heat-based approaches, the ultrasonic device is 45 times more efficient at recovering water from the same material and can be an add-on to almost any sorbent material. Unlike heat-based designs, the device does require a power source. The research team imagines that the device can be powered by a small solar cell, which can also act as a sensor to detect when the sorbent is full and automatically start the abstraction process, enabling multiple harvesting cycles in a single day. In the future, it is expected to develop household-level devices to provide a stable supply of drinking water for water-short communities. 17．What is the MIT team’s breakthrough in collecting water from the air? A．Employing ultrasonic waves. B．Expanding the size of sorbents. C．Equipping more solar collectors. D．Updating experimental facilities. 18．What are the tiny tubes used to do in the ultrasonic device? A．Channel the water drops. B．Store the collected water. C．Secure the two rings firmly. D．Absorb dampness from the air. 19．What does the author try to demonstrate by mentioning the heat-based method in paragraph 4? A．The accuracy of the test results. B．The impact of conditions on the tests. C．The difficulty in selecting sorbent materials. D．The advantage of the ultrasonic-based method. 20．How does the author close the text? A．By explaining the limitations of the study. B．By presenting future application prospects. C．By comparing various water collection methods. D．By stressing the significance of further research. Passage 6 （2026·山东·三模）The average pediatric (儿童的) wheelchair can cost thousands of dollars. And when children grow and their needs evolve — or a wheelchair gets damaged — those costs multiply. So, the team at MakeGood NOLA, a New Orleans-based adaptive design lab, has made something that can transform the world for disabled children. Everything from the body, to the wheels, to the tires, the seat, and even the straps, all were 3D printed on a regular Bambu Lab A1 machine. This means the design is fully compatible (兼容的) with a regular 3D printer anyone can have in their home. “We designed this to be modular (模块化的) and easy to make,” MakeGood founder and president Noam Platt stated, “Really, anyone with a 3D printer and some filament can download the files and print it.” Once the prototype is completely finished, it will be available as a fair-use download that anyone can use for free. With a modular design, the wheelchair can be put together without any tools or glue. And if any part of it breaks or is damaged, users can simply re-print the single piece they need. When Platt created MakeGood in 2021, the nonprofit design lab was thinking of those more than 1 billion people around the globe who live with disabilities. Since traditional design often overlooks diverse bodies and minds, it is crucial to reshape the built environment. Platt believes that the challenges our communities face — both physical and social — are solvable. MakeGood works with individuals to co-create their adaptive design solutions, centering the “Need Knower”, the disabled person or their primary caregivers, throughout the entire process. Since the founding of MakeGood, 1,600 individualized adaptive devices have been delivered to families for free. “I feel like every time I deliver one of these assistive devices, I get a hopeful feeling that the world has been changed a little bit for the better for the next generation,” said Platt. 21．What can be said about the current pediatric wheelchairs? A．They are fit for all. B．They are costly. C．They are out of date. D．They are inconvenient. 22．What makes the wheelchair designed by MakeGood highly accessible to families? A．It uses rare materials for durability. B．It demands related specialized skills. C．It requires professional workers for production. D．It can be made with common home 3D printers. 23．How does the modular design benefit wheelchair users? A．It lowers the initial production cost. B．It enhances the comfort of the wheelchair. C．It allows easy replacement of broken parts. D．It reduces the need for regular maintenance. 24．How does Platt feel when delivering the assistive devices? A．Fulfilled. B．Upset. C．Alarmed. D．Grateful. 拔高·模拟预测 Passage 1 （2026·江西·模拟预测）The public schools are on to something when they guide their students out of the classroom and into fresh air. Exposure to green space reduces behavioral problems, gives children a cognitive (认知的) boost and may even lead to improved academic achievement, according to recent studies. A 2026 paper from Barcelona’s Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (流行病学), for example, monitored 2,500 children in the city over a year and found that pupils whose schools had more green space in and around them had better working memory and less inattentiveness. They found that greenery within and around schools — measured using satellite images — was linked with an enhanced mental ability to continuously update information, capacities known as working memory and superior working memory. And more recent research from Belgium, published in the online journal Plos Medicine, echoed these positive findings, but went one step further and concluded that children raised in greener areas have a higher IQ, as well as lower levels of difficult behavior. The analysis of more than 600 Belgian students aged between 10 and 15 found that a 3% increase in the greenness of their neighborhood raised their IQ score by an average of 2.6 points, with the increase in IQ points particularly significant for children at the lower end of the range, where small increases could make a big difference. Tim Nawrot, a professor of environmental epidemiology in Belgium who worked on the study,said: “What this study adds with IQ is a solid, well-established clinical measure. I think city builders or urban planners should prioritize investment in green spaces.” Other research has found that children with more green space near their homes have significantly stronger bones, potentially leading to lifelong health benefits, while another study found greener play areas boosted children’s immune (免疫的) systems. As these studies continue to uncover the hidden value of natural surroundings, it is high time that schools, urban designers and families joined hands to increase green access for young people. Providing children with more chances to connect with nature is a wise investment in their future. 25．What is found in the 2026 Barcelona study? A．Plants can reduce pupils’ academic pressure. B．More greenness cures students’ memory loss. C．More green space may better memory and focus. D．Inattentiveness makes for poor working memory. 26．What can be inferred from the Belgian study? A．Weaker IQ students gain more from greenness. B．Greenness affects all children in the same way. C．City planners have increased green investment. D．Neighborhood greenness determines IQ scores. 27．What does Tim Nawrot want to emphasize about the study? A．Its novelty. B．Its reliability. C．Its limitation. D．Its popularity. 28．What is the beneficial investment in children’s future? A．Letting them access nature more. B．Training them hard to increase IQ. C．Making them attend a key school. D．Enhancing their perception of nature. Passage 2 （2026·河南南阳·模拟预测）Agricultural waste that is usually burned or left to rot (腐烂) could play a far bigger role in tackling climate change if it were instead used in long-lasting building materials, according to new research from the University of East London. Plants pull carbon from the air as they grow, but when plant waste burns or rots, that carbon returns to the atmosphere within months. But timing changes everything. Carbon released today heats the planet now, while carbon stored for years or decades delays that heat. The research looks at this timing closely. Instead of counting carbon in a single snapshot, it follows carbon over time. This approach shows that keeping plant fibers locked inside walls, panels or insulation (绝缘材料) can change the climate outcome in a lasting way. Some crop residues (残渣) are already used in insulation and composite boards. When these materials sit inside buildings, the carbon they contain stays put for decades. The study finds that simply stopping the open burning of agricultural residues and redirecting them into long-lived building products could deliver a sustained cooling effect over the next century. The effect grows stronger when clean energy replaces any biomass energy that gets pushed aside. While around 4.4 billion tons of agricultural residues are generated each year, only a small part is used in long-lived applications, with most being burned, used as animal feed, or left to rot. Even if the use of plant-based insulation grew quickly, it’d absorb only a small share of this material. The gap shows how finite current efforts are. Consequently, the research argues the construction industry needs to think bigger. Walls, floors, and panels made from plant fibers could move into the mainstream instead. Dr Bamdad Ayati, who led the study, said the findings pointed to an overlooked climate opportunity hiding in plain sight. “Each year, large volumes of agricultural residues are burned or left to decompose, returning carbon to the atmosphere,” he said. “Our research shows that if these fibers are redirected into long-lived building materials, they can store carbon for decades and produce a measurable cooling effect.” 29．What probably plays a key role in the impacts of plant waste on the climate? A．Time of carbon release. B．Ways of burning. C．Places for storing carbon. D．Speed of waste rot. 30．What will happen when crop residues become part of buildings? A．Less carbon will be produced. B．Climate change will slow down. C．The rooms will remain cool. D．Clean energy will be pushed aside. 31．What does the underlined word “finite” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Significant. B．Ineffective. C．Urgent. D．Limited. 32．What does Dr Ayati consider the agricultural residues to be? A．A temporary fix. B．A growing threat. C．A hidden treasure. D．A complex problem. Passage 3 （2026·湖北黄冈·三模）Some check watches or phone apps to know the time, but few realize our bodies have an internal clock — our circadian (昼夜) rhythm. Disrupted rhythms are linked to illnesses like Type 2 Diabetes and cancer, and drug effects vary significantly by administration time. This connection between treatment time and health outcomes has generated a specialized approach: chronotherapy. The idea of chronotherapy — giving drugs at right times — owes much to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which describes organs’ activity peaks at specific times. French researcher Francis Lévi drew on this wisdom to explore cancer treatment: healthy cells divide fixedly, while cancer cells multiply uncontrollably. Since chemotherapy (化疗) targets rapidly dividing cells, Levi reasoned that giving drugs when healthy cells are “asleep” could boost effectiveness and reduce side effects. Medical tests proved promising. Those who received chemotherapy at 6 a.m. instead of 6 p.m. experienced far milder sickness and tiredness. Similar benefits emerged elsewhere: afternoon heart surgery is safer, and flu vaccines given between 9-11 a.m. generate four times more antibodies than later in the day. Yet chronotherapy faced a problem: everyone’s internal clock varies by up to 12 hours. Measuring it used to be time-consuming — tracking melatonin (褪黑素) release required hours in darkness and frequent samples. Now, new tests using blood or even hair offer quicker results. For example, Germany’s BodyClock test analyzes clock gene activity in hair follicles (毛囊) to reveal internal time, helping tailor treatments. These advances in determining our biological time not only support precision medicine but also the use of daily rhythms to enhance overall health. For instance, exposure to morning light helps advance the body clock, while minimizing evening blue light promotes sound sleep. Scheduling demanding mental tasks or intense exercise during personal peak cognitive and physical periods (typically afternoon to early evening) can boost performance. By making use of our circadian rhythm — through timed treatments and rhythm-aware living — we can unlock longer, healthier lives. 33．On what did Francis Lévi base his exploration of cancer treatment? A．The different division patterns of cells. B．The specific time when cancer cells divide slowly. C．The measurement of patients’ sleep patterns. D．The theoretical wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine. 34．What is implied about chronotherapy in Paragraphs 3 and 4? A．It has been widely applied in clinical practice. B．Its application used to be limited by measurement barriers. C．It mainly depends on traditional rhythm assessment methods. D．Its actual effectiveness is closely related to treatment timing. 35．Which of the following is NOT a practical daily application of circadian rhythm? A．Lisa opens the curtains right after waking up to get some sunlight every morning. B．Tom avoids working on his laptop or scrolling through his phone right before bedtime. C．David schedules his daily high-intensity training sessions between 4 and 6 p.m. D．Mary gets her annual flu shot during her lunch break at 12:30 p.m. 36．What would be the most suitable title for the text? A．Follow Your Circadian Rhythm B．Reset Your Internal Clock Scientifically C．Choose a Healthy Lifestyle Wisely D．New Advances in Cancer Treatment Passage 4 （2026·广东·三模）Mushrooms have been used by ancient humans for thousands of years, but archaeologists have only just uncovered their significant role in shaping civilisation. Seventy-five years ago, in a wetland in Yorkshire, UK, archaeologists found the perfectly preserved remains of dozens of 11,000-year-old mushrooms. Carefully cut and intentionally burned, it is thought that they were used by hunter-gatherers as tinder on their travels, enabling them to stay warm and cook food while on the move. The discovery was so unlikely because fungi (菌类) are composed mostly of water, meaning they rapidly rot and disappear, and so are almost totally absent from the fossil record. As such, the unexpected ways that mushrooms helped our ancient ancestors survive have long remained secret, seemingly lost to time. But in the past few years, new tools have finally allowed us to identify fungal DNA and micro-residues in the mouths, utensils and clothing of prehistoric humans. Until a decade ago, prehistoric diets were thought to consist only of meat and plants, excluding mushrooms. Yet rooted views about ancient daily choices are quietly shifting. In 2017, Weyrich’s team analysed the DNA in Palaeolithic dental plaque. They revealed that a group of Neanderthals in what is now Belgium supplemented their meaty meals with grey shag mushrooms, while those from a cave in northern Spain dined on split gill mushrooms. One member of the Spanish group, who lived around 48, 000 years ago, even chewed on grasses with penicillin fungi, and may have deliberately sought out this antibiotic fungus to reduce dental pain. These breakthroughs are highlighting how a hidden fungal kingdom fed, healed and warmed our Stone Age ancestors, with recent discoveries even illustrating how fungi helped hold early farming communities together, paving the way for the civilization we live in today. “By revealing the invisible evidence in the archaeological record, we now see how fungal connections helped the earliest Neolithic communities to develop an understanding of their land and their society,” says Li Liu at Stanford University in California. 37．What does the underlined word tinder probably mean in paragraph 2? A．Travel food. B．Fire starter. C．Ancient medicine. D．Cutting tool. 38．Why was little known about ancient mushroom use? A．Ancient people hid the evidence. B．Early humans rarely used fungi. C．Fungi decay too fast for preservation. D．Modern technology was once limited. 39．What can we infer about the Spanish Neanderthal? A．He was a skilled hunter-gatherer. B．He struggled with a food shortage. C．He preferred eating mushrooms to meat. D．He possessed some basic medical knowledge. 40．What is the text mainly about? A．Evolutionary history of ancient fungi. B．Changing diets of prehistoric humans. C．Fungi’s vital role in human civilization. D．New tools used in modern archaeology. Passage 5 （2026·安徽·模拟预测）A team led by Min Zhang and Dabao Zhang at the University of California, Irvine’s Joe C． Wen School of Population & Public Health has developed the most comprehensive maps yet of how genes directly influence one another in brain cells affected by Alzheimer’s disease. These maps reveal which genes are actively controlling others across different cell types in the brain. To accomplish this, the researchers created a powerful new AI-based system called SIGNET. Unlike traditional tools that only detect genes that appear to move together, it is designed to uncover true causal (因果的) connections. Using this approach, the team identified important biological pathways that may contribute to memory loss and the gradual breakdown of brain tissue. “Different types of brain cells play distinct roles in Alzheimer’s disease, but how they interact at the molecular level has remained unclear,” said Min Zhang. “Our work provides cell type-specific maps of gene regulation in the Alzheimer’s brain, shifting the field from observing correlations to uncovering the causal mechanisms that actively drive disease progression.” To build these exhaustive maps, the team analyzed single-cell molecular data from brain samples donated by 272 participants. SIGNET was designed as a scalable, high-performance computing system that combines single-cell RNA sequencing (测序) with whole-genome sequencing data. Using this method, they constructed causal gene regulatory networks for six major brain cell types. This made it possible to determine which genes are likely directing the activity of others, something conventional correlation-based methods cannot reliably complete. “Our approach takes advantage of information encoded (编码) in DNA to enable the identification of true causal relationships between genes in the brain,” said Dabao Zhang, co-corresponding author and professor of epidemiology. The researchers found that the most significant gene disturbances occur in excitatory neurons — the nerve cells that send activating signals — where nearly 6,000 cause-and-effect interactions revealed extensive genetic rewiring as Alzheimer’s progresses. The team also identified hundreds of “hub genes” that function as central regulators, influencing many other genes and likely playing an important role in harmful changes in the brain. These hub genes could become valuable targets for earlier diagnosis and future treatment. 41．What is the key advantage of SIGNET compared to traditional methods? A．It focuses on identifying moving genes. B．It can analyze data from lots of brain samples. C．It can reveal true cause-and-effect gene relationships. D．It tells RNA sequencing from whole-genome sequencing. 42．What does the underlined word “exhaustive” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Detailed. B．Rough. C．Scientific. D．Official. 43．How did the researchers find true causal relationships between brain genes? A．By using a traditional computer system. B．By employing DNA-encoded data. C．By detecting six major brain cell types. D．By interpreting nerve cells signals. 44．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Principles of gene function. B．The severity of the brain diseases. C．The role of gene changes. D．Potential application of the “hub genes”. Passage 6 （2026·湖北·模拟预测）As electronic waste (e-waste) continues to pile up in landfills, poisonous chemicals are leaking into the ground, causing a growing environmental disaster. According to recent estimates, there are nearly 7 billion smartphones in the world. The U. N. reports that in 2022, the world produced 62 billion kilograms of e-waste — an 82 percent increase from just a decade ago. While many industries have started using biodegradable products, electronics is more complicated because it relies on rare metals. But now, the industry may be “turning over a new leaf. ” An international team of scientists, led by researchers at the Dresden University of Technology in Germany, has used the natural structure of a leaf to create biodegradable films. In other words, they’ve made leaf-based electronics, or “leaftronics”. “We were surprised to find that these natural structures not only support living cells in nature, but can also hold materials together even at high temperatures,” said Hans Kleemann, a co-author of the study. The researchers demonstrated that these films can resist the heat of soldering (焊接) and support components like those found in modern screens. The main attraction of “leaftronics” is its ability to break down after it’s been used. The journal Science Advances reports that the team can successfully remove metals by placing this leaf-based circuit board in a special acid bath. After just one month, the boards then begin degrading in a compost heap (堆肥). “This work offers a sustainable path forward as we strive to reduce waste and fight climate change,” said Karl Leo, a senior researcher of the study. Although the team admits that traditional circuit boards are currently much stronger than their “leaftronic” versions, this research shows that the electronics industry can become more eco-friendly. The team envisions a future where electronics factories, situated next to tree farms, develop biodegradable circuit boards capable of powering a sustainable future. 45．Why does the author mention the data in paragraph 1? A．To track the development of smartphones. B．To emphasize the severity of e-waste problems. C．To call on the public to cut down electronic waste. D．To compare different types of environmental disasters. 46．According to the study, what is the key feature of “leaftronics”? A．It can degrade quickly after use. B．It uses no metals in its production process. C．It can maintain its structure under high heat. D．It is more durable than traditional circuit boards. 47．What is the research team’s attitude toward the future of leaf-based electronics? A．Doubtful. B．Ambitious. C．Cautious. D．Critical. 48．Which of the following is the best title? A．Turning Over a New Leaf for Electronics. B．The Secret Structure of Natural Plant Leaves. C．Why Traditional Circuit Boards are Failing Us. D．E-waste: A Growing Global Environmental Crisis. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解说明文（阅读与研究报告）（培优专练） 目录 真题·命题感知............................................................................................................................................................01 进阶·强化演练............................................................................................................................................................15 拔高·模拟预测............................................................................................................................................................27 真题·命题感知 第一部分：数据图表解读 Passage 1 第1题 答案：B 第2题 答案：C 第3题 答案：B Passage 2 第4题 答案：D 第5题 答案：B 第6题 答案：A 第二部分：实验流程推理 Passage 1 第1题 答案：A 第2题 答案：C 第3题 答案：C 第4题 答案：B Passage 2 第5题 答案：B 第6题 答案：B 第7题 答案：B 第8题 答案：C 进阶·强化演练 Passage 1 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D Passage 2 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B Passage 3 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．C 12．B Passage 4 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A Passage 5 【答案】17．A 18．A 19．D 20．B Passage 6 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 拔高·模拟预测 Passage 1 【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．A Passage 2 【答案】29．A 30．B 31．D 32．C Passage 3 【答案】33．D 34．B 35．D 36．A Passage 4 【答案】37．B 38．C 39．D 40．C Passage 5 【答案】41．C 42．A 43．B 44．D Passage 6 【答案】45．B 46．A 47．B 48．A 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解说明文（阅读与研究报告）（培优专练） 目录 真题·命题感知............................................................................................................................................................01 进阶·强化演练............................................................................................................................................................15 拔高·模拟预测............................................................................................................................................................27 真题·命题感知 第一部分：数据图表解读 Passage 1 2025年高考·改编题 The Growth of Renewable Energy in China China has made remarkable progress in renewable energy development over the past decade. According to data released by the National Energy Administration, the country’s energy mix has undergone significant transformation. [Chart 1: China‘s Electricity Generation by Source (2015 vs. 2025)] Energy Source 2015 (%) 2025 (%) Change (percentage points) Coal 73.2% 52.1% -21.1 Hydropower 16.5% 14.2% -2.3 Wind 3.8% 12.5% +8.7 Solar 0.7% 9.8% +9.1 Nuclear 3.1% 5.6% +2.5 Biomass & Others 2.7% 5.8% +3.1 [Chart 2: Total Renewable Energy Capacity by Region (2025)] Region Wind Capacity (GW) Solar Capacity (GW) Total Renewable (GW) North China 85 42 127 East China 52 68 120 Northwest China 78 95 173 South China 35 58 93 Southwest China 28 32 60 Central China 41 45 86 [Chart 3: Investment in Renewable Energy (Billion Yuan)] Bar chart showing: 2015: 380 billion yuan 2018: 520 billion yuan 2021: 690 billion yuan 2024: 850 billion yuan 2025: 910 billion yuan “China has become the world’s largest investor in renewable energy,” said Lin Boqiang, director of the China Institute for Studies in Energy Policy at Xiamen University. “The shift from coal to clean energy is not only an environmental necessity but also an economic opportunity.” 1. According to Chart 1, which energy source experienced the largest percentage point increase from 2015 to 2025? A. Wind B. Solar C. Nuclear D. Biomass & Others 2. Based on Chart 2, which region has the highest total renewable energy capacity in 2025? A. North China B. East China C. Northwest China D. South China 3. According to Chart 3, approximately how much did investment in renewable energy increase from 2015 to 2025? A. 380 billion yuan B. 530 billion yuan C. 910 billion yuan D. 1,290 billion yuan 答案与详解 第1题 答案：B 详解：题型定位：本题为单一数据定位与比较题，考查在表格中查找特定数据并进行比较的能力。 数据定位：Chart 1中“Change (percentage points)”列的数据： Wind：+8.7 Solar：+9.1 Nuclear：+2.5 Biomass & Others：+3.1 比较判断：Solar（+9.1）的增幅最大，高于Wind（+8.7）。 干扰项分析： A（Wind）：+8.7，虽增幅较大，但低于Solar C（Nuclear）：+2.5，增幅远小于Solar D（Biomass & Others）：+3.1，增幅小于Solar 解题技巧：题干中的“largest percentage point increase”直接指向Chart 1最右侧的“Change”列，快速扫描找出最大值即可。注意区分“percentage point increase”（百分点增长）与“percentage increase”（百分比增长）的区别。 第2题 答案：C 详解：题型定位：本题为数据定位与比较题，考查从表格中提取特定列数据并进行大小比较的能力。 数据定位：Chart 2中“Total Renewable (GW)”列的数据： North China：127 GW East China：120 GW Northwest China：173 GW South China：93 GW Southwest China：60 GW Central China：86 GW 比较判断：Northwest China以173 GW的总量位居首位。 干扰项分析： A（North China）：127 GW，排名第二 B（East China）：120 GW，排名第三 D（South China）：93 GW，排名第四 解题技巧：题干中的“highest total renewable energy capacity”提示需要比较表格中“Total Renewable”列的所有数值，找出最大值。注意单位统一（均为GW），可直接比较。 第3题 答案：B 详解：题型定位：本题为图表数据计算题，考查从柱状图/表格中提取两个时间点数据并计算差值的能力。 数据定位：Chart 3中的数据： 2015年投资：380 billion yuan 2025年投资：910 billion yuan 数据计算： 910−380=530 billion yuan 干扰项分析： A（380 billion yuan）：这是2015年的投资额，并非增长量 C（910 billion yuan）：这是2025年的投资额，并非增长量 D（1,290 billion yuan）：这是380+910的错误和值，属于“误加为和”陷阱 解题技巧：题干中的“increase from...to...”明确要求计算差值（终值减初值），而非求和或提取单一数据。注意单位“billion yuan”的一致性。 Passage 2 2026年高考·改编题 Teenage Sleep Habits and Academic Performance A three-year longitudinal study conducted by the Sleep Research Institute tracked 3,200 students from 15 high schools to examine the relationship between sleep duration and academic outcomes. The following charts summarize key findings. [Chart 1: Average Sleep Duration on School Nights by Grade Level] Grade Level Average Sleep (hours) Recommended Minimum (hours) Grade 9 7.8 8.5 Grade 10 7.4 8.5 Grade 11 7.1 8.5 Grade 12 6.7 8.5 [Chart 2: Academic Performance by Sleep Category] Sleep Duration Average GPA (4.0 scale) Percentage of Students Less than 6 hours 2.8 18% 6 to 7 hours 3.1 35% 7 to 8 hours 3.4 32% 8 to 9 hours 3.6 12% 9+ hours 3.7 3% [Chart 3: Factors Interfering with Sleep (Students reporting “often” or “always”)] Interfering Factor Percentage of Students Homework/studying 72% Using social media 68% Playing video games 54% Watching streaming videos 51% Stress/worrying 63% Caffeine consumption 29% Dr. Michael Chen, the lead researcher, stated: “The data clearly shows a dose-response relationship between sleep and academic performance—more sleep is associated with higher GPAs, up to a point. However, the concerning trend is that students sleep less as they advance through high school, with nearly half of all students failing to meet the recommended 8.5 hours.” 4. According to Chart 1, which grade level has the largest gap between actual sleep duration and the recommended minimum? A. Grade 9 B. Grade 10 C. Grade 11 D. Grade 12 5. Based on Chart 2, what is the most common sleep duration category among high school students? A. Less than 6 hours B. 6 to 7 hours C. 7 to 8 hours D. 8 to 9 hours 6. According to Chart 3, which two factors interfere with sleep for more than 60% of students? A. Homework and stress B. Social media and video games C. Streaming videos and caffeine D. Homework and video games 7. Based on Chart 2, approximately how many percentage points higher is the GPA of students sleeping 8-9 hours compared to those sleeping less than 6 hours? A. 0.8 points B. 1.2 points C. 2.8 points D. 3.6 points 答案与详解 第4题 答案：D 详解：题型定位：本题为差距计算与比较题，考查计算实际值与标准值的差值并进行比较的能力。 数据提取：Chart 1中： Grade 9：7.8 vs 8.5 → 差距 = 0.7小时 Grade 10：7.4 vs 8.5 → 差距 = 1.1小时 Grade 11：7.1 vs 8.5 → 差距 = 1.4小时 Grade 12：6.7 vs 8.5 → 差距 = 1.8小时 比较判断：Grade 12的差距（1.8小时）最大。 干扰项分析： A（Grade 9）：差距0.7小时，最小 B（Grade 10）：差距1.1小时 C（Grade 11）：差距1.4小时 解题技巧：题干中的“largest gap”提示需要计算差值（recommended − actual），而非直接比较实际值。计算后再排序即可锁定答案。 第5题 答案：B 详解：题型定位：本题为数据分布判断，考查从百分比中识别“most common”类别。 数据定位：Chart 2中“Percentage of Students”列： Less than 6 hours：18% 6 to 7 hours：35% 7 to 8 hours：32% 8 to 9 hours：12% 9+ hours：3% 比较判断：6-7小时类别以35%的比例占比最高，为最常见睡眠时长。 干扰项分析： A（Less than 6 hours）：18%，排名第三 C（7 to 8 hours）：32%，排名第二 D（8 to 9 hours）：12%，排名第四 解题技巧：“most common”等同于“highest percentage”，直接在百分比列找最大值即可。 第6题 答案：A 详解：题型定位：本题为条件筛选与多数据匹配题，考查找出满足特定阈值（超过60%）的所有选项。 数据定位：Chart 3中超过60%的因素： Homework/studying：72% ✓ Using social media：68% ✓（但此选项未与其他超过60%的因素配对） Playing video games：54% ✗（低于60%） Watching streaming videos：51% ✗（低于60%） Stress/worrying：63% ✓ Caffeine consumption：29% ✗ 条件判断：超过60%的两个因素是Homework（72%）和Stress（63%）。 选项匹配： A（Homework and stress）：72%和63%，均超60% ✓ B（Social media and video games）：68%和54%，后者不达标 ✗ C（Streaming videos and caffeine）：51%和29%，均不达标 ✗ D（Homework and video games）：72%和54%，后者不达标 ✗ 解题技巧：先筛选出所有满足阈值（>60%）的因素，再在选项中寻找完全匹配的组合。 第7题 答案：A 详解：题型定位：本题为差距计算题，考查提取两个数据并计算差值。 数据定位：Chart 2中GPA数据： 睡眠8-9小时学生：GPA = 3.6 睡眠不足6小时学生：GPA = 2.8 数据计算： 3.6−2.8=0.8 points 干扰项分析： B（1.2 points）：错误差值 C（2.8 points）：这是睡眠不足6小时学生的GPA，非差值 D（3.6 points）：这是睡眠8-9小时学生的GPA，非差值 解题技巧：题干中的“higher...compared to”明确要求计算差值。注意单位是“percentage points”还是“GPA points”，本题为GPA分数差。 第二部分：实验流程推理 Passage 1 2025年高考·改编题 Music Tempo and Consumer Behavior in Cafés A growing body of research suggests that background music significantly influences consumer behavior in retail and service environments. However, most existing studies have focused on Western settings, leaving questions about how these effects translate to different cultural contexts. To address this gap, researchers at Renmin University of China conducted a controlled experiment examining how music tempo affects customer spending and dwell time in Chinese urban cafés. The study took place over four weeks at three independent cafés located in Beijing. Each café had similar seating capacity (approximately 40 seats), price ranges, and customer demographics. The researchers manipulated the background music tempo—the speed of the beat measured in beats per minute (BPM)—while keeping music genre (light jazz), volume (65 decibels), and artist constant across conditions. A total of 847 customers participated unknowingly in the experiment. Each week, the cafés rotated through three music conditions: Slow tempo condition: Music played at 60 BPM (Week 1) Medium tempo condition: Music played at 90 BPM (Week 2) Fast tempo condition: Music played at 120 BPM (Week 3) No music condition: No background music (Week 4, control) The researchers tracked two primary outcome measures for each customer: dwell time (minutes spent in the café) and total spending (yuan). Trained observers recorded data discreetly without interacting with customers. All customers were unaware that an experiment was taking place to prevent behavioral modification. The results revealed a clear pattern. Under the slow tempo condition (60 BPM), customers stayed an average of 52 minutes and spent 68 yuan. Under the medium tempo condition (90 BPM), dwell time dropped to 38 minutes with spending of 45 yuan. The fast tempo condition (120 BPM) produced the shortest dwell time at 24 minutes and lowest spending at 28 yuan. Interestingly, the no-music control condition yielded results similar to the medium tempo condition, with customers staying 36 minutes and spending 42 yuan. Lead researcher Professor Zhang Wei explained the findings: “Slow music encourages customers to relax and feel less rushed, which translates into longer visits and higher spending. This effect appears consistent with the ‘environmental psychology’ concept of arousal—lower arousal levels promote extended dwell time in hospitality settings.” The study has practical implications for café owners and managers. The researchers recommend that establishments aiming to maximize per-customer revenue should consider slower-tempo background music. However, for cafés experiencing high customer turnover during peak hours, faster music might be strategically employed to increase table availability. 1. What was the primary limitation of previous studies on background music mentioned in the passage? A. They focused only on Western cultural contexts. B. They did not measure customer spending accurately. C. They used only one type of music genre. D. They failed to control music volume properly. 2. How did the researchers ensure customers were unaware of the experiment? A. They conducted the experiment in empty cafés. B. They used hidden cameras to record behavior. C. They had observers record data without interacting with customers. D. They asked customers to sign consent forms after the experiment. 3. According to the study, what effect did the slow tempo condition have on customer behavior? A. It reduced both dwell time and spending. B. It increased dwell time but decreased spending. C. It increased both dwell time and spending. D. It had no significant effect compared to no music. 4. What is the study’s practical recommendation for cafés during peak hours? A. Play slower music to increase customer spending. B. Play faster music to improve table turnover. C. Turn off all background music completely. D. Increase music volume to attract attention. 答案与详解 第1题 答案：A 详解：题型定位：本题为研究背景识别题，考查对研究缘起和研究目的的理解。 原文定位：第一段关键句：“However, most existing studies have focused on Western settings, leaving questions about how these effects translate to different cultural contexts.” 同义转述：“most existing studies have focused on Western settings” = previous studies focused only on Western cultural contexts。 干扰项分析： B（未准确测量消费）：原文未提及，属于无中生有 C（只使用一种音乐类型）：恰恰相反，本研究使用了三种速度和静音对照 D（音量控制不当）：本研究控制了音量（65分贝），但这不是对前人研究的批评 解题技巧：研究背景通常在首段出现，关注“however/but/while/gap/limitation”等转折词引出的研究不足。 第2题 答案：C 详解：题型定位：本题为实验操作细节题，考查对实验设计具体步骤的理解。 原文定位：第四段：“Trained observers recorded data discreetly without interacting with customers. All customers were unaware that an experiment was taking place to prevent behavioral modification.” 同义转述：观察者在不与顾客互动的情况下记录数据→顾客不知道实验在进行。 干扰项分析： A（在空咖啡馆进行）：与实际场景矛盾，实验在正常营业的咖啡馆进行 B（使用隐藏摄像头）：原文说的是人工观察者（trained observers），非摄像头 D（事后签署同意书）：这与“顾客不知情”矛盾，且原文未提及 解题技巧：实验流程类题目中，关于“如何保证”的答案通常在方法段落，寻找与“unaware/unbeknownst/discreetly”等词相关的描述。 第3题 答案：C 详解：题型定位：本题为研究结果理解题，考查对实验数据的提取与比较。 原文定位：第五段结果描述：“Under the slow tempo condition (60 BPM), customers stayed an average of 52 minutes and spent 68 yuan.” 对比分析：与其他条件对比： 慢速：52分钟，68元 中速：38分钟，45元 快速：24分钟，28元 无音乐：36分钟，42元 结论判断：慢速条件下，停留时间和消费金额均为最高，即“both increased”。 干扰项分析： A（两者均减少）：错误，实际是最高值 B（停留时间增加但消费减少）：错误，消费也是最高 D（与无音乐相比无显著差异）：错误，慢速条件明显高于无音乐（52 vs 36分钟，68 vs 42元） 解题技巧：结果类题目需比较不同实验条件下的数据差异，关注“compared to/the highest/the lowest”等比较信号。 第4题 答案：B 详解：题型定位：本题为研究应用建议题，考查对研究实际应用的识别。 原文定位：末段：“However, for cafés experiencing high customer turnover during peak hours, faster music might be strategically employed to increase table availability.” 同义转述：“faster music might be strategically employed to increase table availability” = 播放快节奏音乐以提高翻台率。 干扰项分析： A（慢音乐以增加消费）：这是针对希望最大化客单价的建议，非高峰时段建议 C（完全关闭背景音乐）：原文未推荐此做法 D（提高音量吸引注意）：原文未提及音量调整建议 解题技巧：应用建议通常在末段，关注“recommend/suggest/advise/for...should/strategically employed”等信号词。注意区分“对A情况的建议”与“对B情况的建议”。 Passage 2 2026年高考·改编题 The Impact of Noise Cancellation on Reading Comprehension For decades, researchers have investigated how background noise affects cognitive performance. The prevailing view has been that any background noise impairs concentration and reduces reading comprehension. However, this conclusion may be oversimplified. A new study from Fudan University challenges this assumption by examining the differential effects of various noise cancellation levels. Dr. Liu Yang and her team recruited 240 university students aged 18 to 24, all native Mandarin speakers with normal hearing. Participants were randomly assigned to four experimental groups of 60 students each. All participants completed a standardized reading comprehension test consisting of three passages of similar difficulty levels, followed by 20 multiple-choice questions. The experimental manipulation involved the type of noise environment: Group A (Full noise cancellation): Participants wore high-end noise-canceling headphones that blocked 95% of ambient sounds (library level ≈ 25 dB) Group B (Partial noise cancellation): Participants wore mid-tier headphones that blocked 60% of ambient sounds (coffee shop level ≈ 55 dB) Group C (No noise cancellation): Participants wore placebo headphones that provided no noise cancellation (open office level ≈ 70 dB) Group D (Control): Participants took the test in a completely silent room without headphones All participants completed the test under the same lighting conditions and at the same time of day (10:00 AM) to control for circadian rhythm effects. The test had a 40-minute time limit, and all participants finished within the allotted time. The results contradicted conventional wisdom. Contrary to the assumption that full silence is optimal, Group A (full noise cancellation) scored an average of 68% on the comprehension test. Group B (partial noise cancellation) achieved the highest score at 82%. Group C (no noise cancellation) scored 71%, while Group D (complete silence) scored 75%. Dr. Liu explained the counterintuitive findings: “Complete silence or full noise cancellation may actually be distracting because the brain is evolutionarily adapted to expect some level of ambient noise. The absence of expected background sounds can trigger heightened environmental monitoring, consuming cognitive resources that would otherwise be available for comprehension. Moderate ambient noise provides just enough auditory input to satisfy this monitoring system without overwhelming it.” The research team conducted a follow-up survey asking participants about their subjective experience. Interestingly, Group A participants reported the highest levels of distraction despite objective performance being not the worst, suggesting a mismatch between perceived and actual concentration. The study has significant implications for educational settings, particularly for designing optimal study environments for students. The researchers caution against assuming that “the quieter, the better” and recommend moderate ambient noise levels—similar to a quiet coffee shop—for tasks requiring focused reading comprehension. 5. What was the purpose of assigning participants randomly to the four groups? A. To ensure each group had equal gender distribution. B. To minimize pre-existing differences between groups. C. To allow participants to choose their preferred environment. D. To test different reading passages on each group. 6. According to the passage, what did Group B experience during the experiment? A. Complete silence in a soundproof room. B. A coffee shop level of ambient noise with partial noise cancellation. C. Open office noise with no noise cancellation. D. Library-level silence with full noise cancellation. 7. What did the study find about the relationship between noise cancellation and reading comprehension? A. Full noise cancellation produced the highest test scores. B. Partial noise cancellation resulted in better comprehension than complete silence. C. No noise cancellation was better than partial noise cancellation. D. Complete silence was the optimal environment for reading. 8. What explanation did Dr. Liu provide for the study’s findings? A. The brain requires complete silence to focus properly. B. Noise cancellation headphones are technically unreliable. C. The brain expects some background noise and monitors its absence. D. Participants deliberately performed poorly in complete silence. 答案与详解 第5题 答案：B 详解：题型定位：本题为实验设计原理题，考查对随机分配（random assignment）目的的理解。 原文定位：第二段：“Participants were randomly assigned to four experimental groups of 60 students each.” 知识背景：在实验设计中，随机分配的核心目的是消除选择偏差，确保各组在实验开始前在年龄、能力、性格等特征上大致相当，从而将结果差异归因于实验操作而非组间原有差异。 干扰项分析： A（确保性别均等）：随机分配不保证性别比例完全相等，这不是主要目的 C（让参与者选择偏好环境）：这与“随机”矛盾，随机排除了参与者自主选择 D（测试不同阅读材料）：所有组使用相同的标准化测试材料 解题技巧：实验设计类题目中，“random assignment”的标准答案是“to ensure groups are comparable/to minimize pre-existing differences”。 第6题 答案：B 详解：题型定位：本题为实验条件识别题，考查对实验分组具体条件的定位。 原文定位：第三段： Group B（Partial noise cancellation）：Participants wore mid-tier headphones that blocked 60% of ambient sounds (coffee shop level ≈ 55 dB) 同义转述：coffee shop level ≈ 55 dB，且为“partial noise cancellation”（60%降噪）。 干扰项分析： A（完全静音）：对应Group D（控制组） C（开放办公室噪音且无降噪）：对应Group C D（图书馆级静音且完全降噪）：对应Group A 解题技巧：实验条件类题目需在原文中精确定位对应分组的描述，注意括号内的补充说明（如“coffee shop level”）。 第7题 答案：B 详解：题型定位：本题为研究发现推断题，考查对实验结果的准确理解和比较。 原文定位：第五段结果描述： Group A（全降噪）：68% Group B（部分降噪）：82%（最高） Group C（无降噪）：71% Group D（完全静音）：75% 比较判断： B选项：“Partial noise cancellation resulted in better comprehension than complete silence.” 部分降噪（82%）> 完全静音（75%） ✓ 逐一验证其他选项： A（全降噪得分最高）：68%是最低，并非最高 ✗ C（无降噪优于部分降噪）：71% < 82% ✗ D（完全静音是最佳环境）：75% < 82% ✗ 解题技巧：结论推断题需将所有实验条件的数值进行完整比较，找出正确的比较关系。注意题干问的是“what did the study find”，答案应直接来自结果数据。 第8题 答案：C 详解：题型定位：本题为研究者原话/观点理解题，考查对因果机制解释的把握。 原文定位：第六段Dr. Liu的解释：“Complete silence or full noise cancellation may actually be distracting because the brain is evolutionarily adapted to expect some level of ambient noise. The absence of expected background sounds can trigger heightened environmental monitoring, consuming cognitive resources...” 核心机制： 大脑在进化上适应了期待一定水平的背景噪音 完全安静/全降噪导致预期声音的缺失 缺失触发增强的环境监控 消耗认知资源 → 损害理解力 选项对应：C项“The brain expects some background noise and monitors its absence”准确概括了这一因果链。 干扰项分析： A（大脑需要完全静音）：与Dr. Liu的解释相反 B（降噪耳机技术不可靠）：与解释无关，属于无中生有 D（参与者故意表现差）：原文未暗示任何故意行为 解题技巧：研究者原话类题目，需在引号内或“explained that...”后的内容中寻找因果解释的关键词（because/due to/trigger/lead to）。重点关注“evolutionarily adapted”“expect”“monitoring”等核心概念。 进阶·强化演练 Passage 1 （2026·湖北·三模）Think of how many surfaces you touch daily, from your work desk to the bus handrails and your phone screen. Viruses can easily spread via these surfaces. Infection typically occurs by touching a contaminated (污染的) surface — and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Now a team of researchers led by Elena Ivanova created a thin plastic surface with tiny nanoscale features, billionths of a metre in size, that copy the nanostructured surface of insect wings and can physically burst viruses the moment they land. Current methods for preventing virus spread via surfaces usually involves cleaning and disinfection. Disinfectant must remain wet for some time to kill bacteria. This can be challenging in some real-world settings. Surfaces can also be recontaminated quickly when touched by others. And disinfection often requires harsh chemicals which can damage equipment and the environment. Nature offers examples of bacteria-free surfaces, such as the thin water-resistant wings of dragonflies. While these wings are self-cleaning, they act less by pushing bacteria away and more as natural bacteria killers. Experiments the team did with gold-coated wings, which resemble the wings of dragonflies, confirmed this bacteria-killing effect is not driven by surface chemistry, but rather by the physical nanostructures on the surface which essentially force bacterial cell walls to stretch and burst. In this new study, the researchers created a virus-bursting material that was lightweight and flexible: a thin plastic film covered in thousands of tiny pillars (柱子). These nanopillars grab and stretch a virus’s outer shell until it bursts, killing viruses through mechanical force. The mould (模具) they used to create this material can be easily scaled for industrial use, from food packaging to hospital equipment and office desks. Nanostructured surfaces are built for durability. But they will degrade over time under physical, chemical, and environmental stressors. Much remains to be discovered in the search for bacteria-free surfaces. But these nanostructured surfaces have enormous potential in the fight against viruses and provide an alternative to traditional methods. 1．What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．The impact of chemicals. B．The risk of recontamination. C．The challenges of cleaning. D．The disadvantages of disinfectants. 2．What determines the bacteria-killing effect of dragonflies’ wings? A．Their surface structure. B．Their physical composition. C．Their exceptional thinness. D．Their water-resistant property. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about regarding the material? A．Its key components. B．Its working principle. C．Its potential applications. D．Its production process. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Killing Bacteria: The Role of Chemicals B．Plastic Film Stops Viruses from Sticking C．Preventing Infection: The Magic of Nature D．Nanopillars Tear Apart Viruses on Contact 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文指出传统消毒方式存在诸多弊端，科研人员模仿蜻蜓翅膀纳米结构，研制出纳米柱薄膜，可通过机械力灭杀病毒，应用前景广阔。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Current methods for preventing virus spread via surfaces usually involves cleaning and disinfection. Disinfectant must remain wet for some time to kill bacteria. This can be challenging in some real-world settings. Surfaces can also be recontaminated quickly when touched by others. And disinfection often requires harsh chemicals which can damage equipment and the environment.(目前通过物体表面预防病毒传播的常用手段，通常包括清洁与消毒。消毒剂必须在表面保持湿润一段时间，才能杀灭病菌。这在一些实际应用场景中很难做到。物体表面一旦被其他人触碰，还会很快再次受到污染。而且消毒过程往往需要使用刺激性强的化学药剂，这类药剂还会损坏设备、破坏环境。)”可知，第二段主要介绍传统消毒剂及消毒方式存在的各类弊端。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Experiments the team did with gold-coated wings, which resemble the wings of dragonflies, confirmed this bacteria-killing effect is not driven by surface chemistry, but rather by the physical nanostructures on the surface which essentially force bacterial cell walls to stretch and burst.(该团队利用仿蜻蜓翅膀结构的镀金翅片开展实验，证实这种杀菌效果并非由表面化学作用驱动，而是源自表面的物理纳米结构；这类纳米结构会从根本上迫使细菌细胞壁拉伸并破裂。)”可知，蜻蜓翅膀的杀菌效果由其表面结构决定。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“These nanopillars grab and stretch a virus’s outer shell until it bursts, killing viruses through mechanical force.(这些纳米柱会抓住并拉伸病毒外壳直至使其破裂，依靠机械力杀灭病毒。)”可知，第四段主要讲解这种新型材料杀灭病毒的工作原理。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是根据第一段“Now a team of researchers led by Elena Ivanova created a thin plastic surface with tiny nanoscale features, billionths of a metre in size, that copy the nanostructured surface of insect wings and can physically burst viruses the moment they land.(如今，由埃琳娜·伊万诺娃带领的一组研究人员研发出一种带有微小纳米级结构的薄塑料表层，其尺寸仅为十亿分之一米；该表层复刻了昆虫翅膀的纳米结构表面，病毒一旦落在上面，就会被物理方式裂解。)”以及第四段“In this new study, the researchers created a virus-bursting material that was lightweight and flexible: a thin plastic film covered in thousands of tiny pillars (柱子). These nanopillars grab and stretch a virus’s outer shell until it bursts, killing viruses through mechanical force.(在这项新研究中，研究人员研制出一种可裂解病毒的轻质柔性材料：一种布满数千根微型柱体的塑料薄膜。这些纳米柱会抓住并拉伸病毒外壳直至使其破裂，依靠机械力杀灭病毒。)”描述纳米柱撕裂病毒外壳的原理可知，文章主要讲科研人员模仿蜻蜓翅膀纳米结构，研制出纳米柱薄膜，可通过机械力灭杀病毒，应用前景广阔。所以D项“Nanopillars Tear Apart Viruses on Contact(纳米柱接触即可撕裂病毒)”符合语境。 Passage 2 （2026·广东深圳·二模）It’s Monday morning again. Like many others, you spend your weekend resting, say, scrolling on your phone, but somehow when the workweek arrives, you never feel as refreshed as you hoped. You wonder: Is there a better way to recharge? Now research suggests the answer is “yes” and it lies in leisure crafting. Leisure crafting is not about what you do in your free time, but how you do it. It involves structuring things you already enjoy doing with intentionality so that they help you set individual goals, promote social connections, and build skills. The idea is not to completely shift your approach to free time — or even pick up new pursuits-as much as it is to integrate a few specific goals. Like to run? Try training for a race. Enjoy reading? Aim to read a certain number of books every month. Setting goals in off-hours looks like another example of letting work-brain logic inch its way into personal lives. But done right, it can help you feel a sense of purpose, confidence, and accomplishment, says Alex Hamrick, a management professor at the University of Richmond. Researchers did 11 field studies with more than 2,400 working professionals and found that individuals reported higher energy levels, more positive moods, and stronger overall well-being after engaging in leisure crafting. While leisure crafting requires commitment and goal-setting, it is still simply that: leisure. The goal is not to turn hobbies into a second job. Research has shown that people’s productivity tends to stop increasing at 60 hours a week. Expanding the hours spent maximizing output, even in pursuit of perfecting your cooking techniques or reading detective novels, could make you more tired. Hamrick agrees that if purposeful pursuits start to feel like work, it might be time to stop. Leisure crafting should enhance-not replace-other forms of relaxation. A recent government guide to getting off your phone included the suggestion of setting a recreational goal as a diversion from the screen. Beyond all the grander reasons to leisure craft, that simple one may be among the most relevant. 5．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A．Lack of effective ways to rest. B．Working through the weekend. C．Addiction to playing on phones. D．Feeling worried about the future. 6．Which of the following is the main feature of leisure crafting? A．Shifting your life focus. B．Extending your free time. C．Acting with a purpose. D．Taking up new hobbies. 7．What is paragraph 3 mainly about concerning leisure crafting? A．Its approaches. B．Its purposes. C．Its benefits. D．Its examples. 8．Why does the author mention the research in paragraph 4? A．To argue against setting unrealistic goals. B．To warn against overdoing leisure crafting. C．To explain why commitment is vital for success. D．To prove how leisure crafting improves efficiency. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了休闲规划这一概念，包括其定义、特点、益处以及实施时的注意事项。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Like many others, you spend your weekend resting, say, scrolling on your phone, but somehow when the workweek arrives, you never feel as refreshed as you hoped. You wonder: Is there a better way to recharge? (和许多人一样，你周末休息，比如刷手机，但不知为何，当工作日到来时，你从未感到像自己希望的那样精神焕发。你想知道：有没有更好的恢复精力的方法？)”可知，第一段描述的现象是缺乏有效的休息方式。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Leisure crafting is not about what you do in your free time, but how you do it. It involves structuring things you already enjoy doing with intentionality so that they help you set individual goals, promote social connections, and build skills. (休闲规划不在于你在空闲时间做什么，而在于你如何做。它涉及以有意图的方式构建你已经喜欢做的事情，以便它们帮助你设定个人目标、促进社交联系和培养技能。)”可知，休闲规划的主要特点是有目的地行动。 7．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Researchers did 11 field studies with more than 2,400 working professionals and found that individuals reported higher energy levels, more positive moods, and stronger overall well-being after engaging in leisure crafting. (研究人员对2400多名职场人士进行了11项实地研究，发现参与休闲规划后，个人的能量水平更高、情绪更积极、整体幸福感更强。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是休闲规划的益处。 8．推理判断题。根据第四段“While leisure crafting requires commitment and goal-setting, it is still simply that: leisure. The goal is not to turn hobbies into a second job. Research has shown that people’s productivity tends to stop increasing at 60 hours a week. Expanding the hours spent maximizing output, even in pursuit of perfecting your cooking techniques or reading detective novels, could make you more tired. (虽然休闲规划需要投入和设定目标，但它仍然只是休闲。目标不是把爱好变成第二份工作。研究表明，人们的工作效率在一周60小时后往往会停止增长。即使是为了完善烹饪技巧或阅读侦探小说而延长工作时间，也可能会让你更累。)”可知，作者提到第四段的研究是为了警告不要过度进行休闲规划。 Passage 3 （2026·广东中山·三模）Scientists have long believed that around 700 million years ago, Earth experienced extreme cold conditions, known as a “snowball Earth”, where ice stretched from the poles to the equator. However, the exact degree of this coldness had remained unclear. Now, an international research team led by Chinese scientists has made a major breakthrough by providing the first data-based measurements of ocean temperatures from that period. The findings, published recently in a journal, suggested that ocean temperatures at continental edges were roughly between -22℃ and -8℃. These areas were where life was most active. The seawater was also up to four times saltier than modern ocean water. “This is the coldest measured ocean temperature in Earth’s history,” said Lu Kai, first author of the study and researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This extreme cold period left behind special rocks: rusty (生锈的) red iron formations found where continental glaciers (冰川) met the ice - covered seas. The researchers used these rocks to measure ancient temperatures. They focused on iron isotopes (同位素) — different forms of iron atoms (原子). These isotopes change in a regular pattern as temperature changes, making them reliable for temperature measurement. By analyzing the iron isotopes in the rocks, the team figured out how cold the ancient ocean was. The results showed that the surface seawater temperature was much lower than today’s 17℃, yet it remained unfrozen. Lu explained that this extreme environment was likely to have formed at the base of massive ice shelves. During the melting (融化) and freezing cycles, ice pushes out salts, which build up over time. This creates salt-rich areas with extremely low temperatures. The high salt environment serves as a natural antifreeze, allowing seawater to stay liquid at temperatures far below the normal freezing point. “This discovery helps us understand how early life survived in such extreme climates,” Lu said. “It provides the first solid evidence of the marine environment during that era and serves as a valuable reference for understanding dramatic climate changes and how early life adapted to challenging conditions.” 9．What was uncertain about the “snowball Earth” period before Lu’s study? A．The most active areas for life. B．The timing of that period. C．The precise ocean temperature. D．The coverage of ice on Earth. 10．What made iron isotopes a useful measuring tool in the study? A．Their stability in cold environments. B．Their regular change with temperature. C．Their formation under salty condition. D．Their widespread presence in the rocks. 11．Why does the seawater remain unfrozen in the extreme cold? A．Massive ice shelves trap heat. B．Marine life speeds up glacier melting. C．Salt lowers the freezing point. D．Melting-freezing cycles release energy. 12．What does Lu say about the discovery? A．It defines an era. B．It reveals changes. C．It predicts climate. D．It proves evolution. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．C 12．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国科学家主导的国际团队首次测出7亿年前“雪球地球”时期的海洋温度，揭示了当时极端寒冷却未结冰的海洋环境及其研究意义。 【详解】9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists have long believed that around 700 million years ago, Earth experienced extreme cold conditions, known as a “snowball Earth”, where ice stretched from the poles to the equator. However, the exact degree of this coldness had remained unclear.Now, an international research team led by Chinese scientists has made a major breakthrough by providing the first data-based measurements of ocean temperatures from that period. (科学家们长期以来一直认为，大约7亿年前，地球经历了极端寒冷的条件，被称为“雪球地球”，冰从两极延伸到赤道。然而，这种寒冷的确切程度一直不清楚。如今，一个由中国科学家主导的国际科研团队，通过提供该时期首个基于实测数据的海洋温度测算，取得了重大突破。)”可知，在Lu的研究之前，“雪球地球”时期不确定的是精确的海洋温度。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“They focused on iron isotopes — different forms of iron atoms. These isotopes change in a regular pattern as temperature changes, making them reliable for temperature measurement. (他们专注于铁同位素——不同形式的铁原子。这些同位素会随着温度变化以规律的模式发生改变，这使得它们能够可靠地用于温度测量。)”可知，铁同位素随温度规律变化使其成为研究中有用的测量工具。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段“The high salt environment serves as a natural antifreeze, allowing seawater to stay liquid at temperatures far below the normal freezing point. (高盐环境起到了天然防冻剂的作用，让海水在远低于正常冰点的温度下仍保持液态。)”可知，盐降低了冰点，所以海水在极寒中不结冰。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段““This discovery helps us understand how early life survived in such extreme climates,” Lu said. “It provides the first solid evidence of the marine environment during that era and serves as a valuable reference for understanding dramatic climate changes and how early life adapted to challenging conditions.” (Lu说：“这一发现帮助我们了解早期生命如何在如此极端的气候中生存。它提供了那个时代海洋环境的第一个确凿证据，并为理解剧烈气候变化以及早期生命如何适应挑战性条件提供了有价值的参考”)”可知，Lu认为该发现揭示了古气候的变化。 Passage 4 （2026·河北沧州·一模）In Tell Me Where It Hurts, pain psychologist Rachel Zoffness achieves a rare breakthrough: revealing pain’s complexity and offering practical solutions. For decades, pain has been narrowly seen as a direct signal of physical damage. Zoffness challenges this, arguing pain is a “complex cocktail” of physical, emotional, psychological and social ingredients. She uses the “pain recipe” metaphor to make this accessible: just as ingredients combine to make brownie cakes, these elements create pain. Zoffness illustrates this with two nail stories. A construction worker stepped on a 7-inch nail, screaming in great pain, but the nail missed his foot — his pain was real without injury. On the contrary, a man had a 4-inch nail stuck in his face, yet felt little pain. These stories prove pain is not a reliable indicator of bodily harm, breaking the traditional link between damage and discomfort. Zoffness defines pain as a biopsychosocial phenomenon. The U.S. healthcare system focuses only on the biological aspect, missing two-thirds of the problem. She criticizes the system’s over-reliance on drugs and surgeries, noting that chronic (慢性的) pain affects millions, yet clinicians often lack training in holistic (整体的) care. Many pain sufferers feel unheard, as their non-physical struggles are ignored. But she offers hope: we can control some “pain ingredients”. Her book provides behavioral strategies-improving sleep, strengthening social ties, addressing injuries-for patients and providers. She stresses, “Never label pain as incurable.” Moreover, she highlights that holistic care requires a shift in mindset. Clinicians must listen to patients’ full experiences, not just physical symptoms. This shift can empower patients to take an active role in their recovery, turning them from passive recipients to active participants. She also calls for better education of medical professionals on the psychological aspects of pain. Still, Zoffness ends optimistically. Pain, as a “whole-person problem”, needs a “whole-person solution”. Holistic approaches unlock countless paths to relief, offering real hope to those trapped in chronic pain. This vision could reshape pain care for generations. 13．Why does Zoffness use the “pain recipe” metaphor? A．To simplify pain’s biological causes. B．To promote cooking-based pain relief. C．To compare pain to cooking processes. D．To help explain pain’s complex nature. 14．What do the two nail stories show? A．Severe injuries cause severe pain. B．Pain can exist without bodily harm. C．Pain always indicates physical damage. D．Different people react to pain differently. 15．What is Zoffness’s view on the U.S. healthcare system’s handling of chronic pain? A．It’s effective for focusing on biology. B．It’s advanced for offering behavioral treatment. C．It’s faulty for overlooking psychosocial elements. D．It’s successful for avoiding labeling pain as incurable. 16．What does the author imply about holistic approaches to pain? A．They may change how pain is treated. B．They ignore the biological basis of pain. C．They are too complex to carry out widely. D．They have replaced the traditional methods. 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A 【导语】本文介绍书籍《Tell Me Where It Hurts》，作者打破疼痛仅源于身体损伤的传统认知，倡导兼顾身心的整体疗法，为慢性疼痛患者带来希望。 【详解】13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Zoffness challenges this, arguing pain is a “complex cocktail” of physical, emotional, psychological and social ingredients. She uses the “pain recipe” metaphor to make this accessible: just as ingredients combine to make brownie cakes, these elements create pain.(佐夫内斯对此提出质疑，她认为疼痛是由身体、情绪、心理以及社会因素共同构成的复杂混合体。她用“疼痛配方”这一比喻来通俗易懂地解释该观点：就像各类原料混合制作出巧克力蛋糕一样，这些因素相互结合便产生了疼痛。)”可知，她使用该比喻是为了帮助阐释疼痛复杂的本质。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段“A construction worker stepped on a 7-inch nail, screaming in great pain, but the nail missed his foot — his pain was real without injury. On the contrary, a man had a 4-inch nail stuck in his face, yet felt little pain. These stories prove pain is not a reliable indicator of bodily harm, breaking the traditional link between damage and discomfort.(一名建筑工人踩到了一根 7 英寸长的钉子，剧痛难忍、失声尖叫，可钉子并未刺穿他的脚—— 他的疼痛是真实的，身体却并无损伤。相反，有一名男子脸上扎着一根 4 英寸的钉子，却几乎感受不到疼痛。这些事例证明，疼痛并不能可靠地反映身体损伤，打破了“身体受伤就会疼痛”的传统认知。)”可知，这两个事例证明身体没有受伤也会产生疼痛。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段“Zoffness defines pain as a biopsychosocial phenomenon. The U.S. healthcare system focuses only on the biological aspect, missing two-thirds of the problem. (佐夫内斯将疼痛定义为一种生物-心理-社会综合现象。美国的医疗体系只关注生理层面，忽略了该问题三分之二的成因。)”可知，佐夫内斯认为美国医疗体系存在缺陷，忽视了心理与社会相关影响因素。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, Zoffness ends optimistically. Pain, as a “whole-person problem”, needs a “whole-person solution”. Holistic approaches unlock countless paths to relief, offering real hope to those trapped in chronic pain. This vision could reshape pain care for generations.(尽管如此，佐夫内斯的结论依旧乐观。疼痛作为一种关乎整个人的问题，需要一套全方位的解决办法。整体疗法能开辟无数缓解疼痛的途径，为深陷慢性疼痛困扰的人们带来真正的希望。这一理念将会重塑未来几代人的疼痛诊疗方式。)”可知，作者暗示这种整体疗法有望改变疼痛治疗的现有模式。 Passage 5 （2026·安徽六安·模拟预测）Recently, a team of engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) published a study in Nature Communications, introducing an ultrasonic-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technology. This innovative approach enables rapid abstraction of drinking water from sorbents (吸附剂), offering a new solution to water shortage in dry regions. Atmospheric water harvesting technology captures dampness from the air using sorbents. However, conventional AWH systems rely on solar heat to evaporate (蒸发) and cool water from these sorbents, a process that takes hours or even days, leading to low efficiency. The MIT team’s important achievement lies in replacing solar heating with ultrasonic waves, whose working principle centers on high-frequency shakiness to break the weak bonds between water molecules (分子) and the sorbent’s absorption sites. Ultrasonic waves, which work at frequencies above 20 kilohertz (not heard by humans), create targeted disturbances that generate force to release water molecules from the sorbent. The core of the device is a flat ceramic ring that shakes when electricity is applied, surrounded by an outer ring fitted with tiny tubes. The shaken-out water drops pass through these tiny tubes and are collected in containers attached above and below the shaking ring. In tests conducted under different dampness conditions, the device successfully abstracted all water from fully wet sorbent samples in just a few minutes rather than the tens of minutes or hours needed for heat-based approaches. The researchers calculate that, compared to heat-based approaches, the ultrasonic device is 45 times more efficient at recovering water from the same material and can be an add-on to almost any sorbent material. Unlike heat-based designs, the device does require a power source. The research team imagines that the device can be powered by a small solar cell, which can also act as a sensor to detect when the sorbent is full and automatically start the abstraction process, enabling multiple harvesting cycles in a single day. In the future, it is expected to develop household-level devices to provide a stable supply of drinking water for water-short communities. 17．What is the MIT team’s breakthrough in collecting water from the air? A．Employing ultrasonic waves. B．Expanding the size of sorbents. C．Equipping more solar collectors. D．Updating experimental facilities. 18．What are the tiny tubes used to do in the ultrasonic device? A．Channel the water drops. B．Store the collected water. C．Secure the two rings firmly. D．Absorb dampness from the air. 19．What does the author try to demonstrate by mentioning the heat-based method in paragraph 4? A．The accuracy of the test results. B．The impact of conditions on the tests. C．The difficulty in selecting sorbent materials. D．The advantage of the ultrasonic-based method. 20．How does the author close the text? A．By explaining the limitations of the study. B．By presenting future application prospects. C．By comparing various water collection methods. D．By stressing the significance of further research. 【答案】17．A 18．A 19．D 20．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了MIT团队研发的超声波大气集水新技术及其优势与应用前景。 【详解】17．细节理解题。 根据第二段中“The MIT team’s important achievement lies in replacing solar heating with ultrasonic waves, whose working principle centers on high-frequency shakiness to break the weak bonds between water molecules (分子) and the sorbent’s absorption sites.(MIT团队的重要成就在于用超声波取代太阳能加热，其工作原理是利用高频振动打破水分子与吸附剂吸收位点之间的弱键)”可知，MIT团队的突破是采用超声波来收集空气中的水分。 18．细节理解题。 根据第三段中“The shaken-out water drops pass through these tiny tubes and are collected in containers attached above and below the shaking ring.(被震出的水滴通过这些细管，被收集在振动环上下方连接的容器中)”可知，细管的作用是引导水滴流向收集容器。 19．推理判断题。 根据第四段中“In tests conducted under different dampness conditions, the device successfully abstracted all water from fully wet sorbent samples in just a few minutes rather than the tens of minutes or hours needed for heat-based approaches. The researchers calculate that, compared to heat-based approaches, the ultrasonic device is 45 times more efficient at recovering water from the same material and can be an add-on to almost any sorbent material.(在不同湿度条件下进行的测试中，该设备在几分钟内就能从完全湿润的吸附剂样本中提取全部水分，而热基方法需要数十分钟甚至数小时。研究人员计算出，与热基方法相比，超声波设备从相同材料中回收水的效率是其45倍，并且几乎可以添加到任何吸附剂材料上)”可知，作者提到热基方法是为了通过对比突出超声波方法在效率上的巨大优势。 20．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“In the future, it is expected to develop household-level devices to provide a stable supply of drinking water for water-short communities.(未来，预计将开发家庭级设备，为缺水社区提供稳定的饮用水供应)”可知，作者以展望未来应用前景的方式收束全文。 Passage 6 （2026·山东·三模）The average pediatric (儿童的) wheelchair can cost thousands of dollars. And when children grow and their needs evolve — or a wheelchair gets damaged — those costs multiply. So, the team at MakeGood NOLA, a New Orleans-based adaptive design lab, has made something that can transform the world for disabled children. Everything from the body, to the wheels, to the tires, the seat, and even the straps, all were 3D printed on a regular Bambu Lab A1 machine. This means the design is fully compatible (兼容的) with a regular 3D printer anyone can have in their home. “We designed this to be modular (模块化的) and easy to make,” MakeGood founder and president Noam Platt stated, “Really, anyone with a 3D printer and some filament can download the files and print it.” Once the prototype is completely finished, it will be available as a fair-use download that anyone can use for free. With a modular design, the wheelchair can be put together without any tools or glue. And if any part of it breaks or is damaged, users can simply re-print the single piece they need. When Platt created MakeGood in 2021, the nonprofit design lab was thinking of those more than 1 billion people around the globe who live with disabilities. Since traditional design often overlooks diverse bodies and minds, it is crucial to reshape the built environment. Platt believes that the challenges our communities face — both physical and social — are solvable. MakeGood works with individuals to co-create their adaptive design solutions, centering the “Need Knower”, the disabled person or their primary caregivers, throughout the entire process. Since the founding of MakeGood, 1,600 individualized adaptive devices have been delivered to families for free. “I feel like every time I deliver one of these assistive devices, I get a hopeful feeling that the world has been changed a little bit for the better for the next generation,” said Platt. 21．What can be said about the current pediatric wheelchairs? A．They are fit for all. B．They are costly. C．They are out of date. D．They are inconvenient. 22．What makes the wheelchair designed by MakeGood highly accessible to families? A．It uses rare materials for durability. B．It demands related specialized skills. C．It requires professional workers for production. D．It can be made with common home 3D printers. 23．How does the modular design benefit wheelchair users? A．It lowers the initial production cost. B．It enhances the comfort of the wheelchair. C．It allows easy replacement of broken parts. D．It reduces the need for regular maintenance. 24．How does Platt feel when delivering the assistive devices? A．Fulfilled. B．Upset. C．Alarmed. D．Grateful. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 【导语】本文介绍了美国非营利团队MakeGood研发出可家用3D打印、免费开源的模块化儿童轮椅，解决传统儿童轮椅昂贵难维护的问题，造福残障儿童。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The average pediatric (儿童的) wheelchair can cost thousands of dollars. And when children grow and their needs evolve—or a wheelchair gets damaged—those costs multiply.(普通的儿童轮椅可能要花费数千美元。当孩子长大，他们的需求发生变化，或者轮椅被损坏，这些成本就会成倍增加。)”可知，目前的儿童轮椅很昂贵。 22．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“This means the design is fully compatible (兼容的) with a regular 3D printer anyone can have in their home.(这意味着该设计与任何家庭都能拥有的普通 3D 打印机完全兼容。)”和第三段中的“Really, anyone with a 3D printer and some filament can download the files and print it.(实际上，任何拥有3D打印机和一些打印材料的人都可以下载文件并打印出来。)”可知，让MakeGood团队设计的这款轮椅特别适合家庭使用的原因是它可以用常见的家用3D打印机来制造。 23．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“With a modular design, the wheelchair can be put together without any tools or glue. And if any part of it breaks or is damaged, users can simply re-print the single piece they need.(该轮椅采用模块化设计，无需任何工具或胶水即可组装完成。而且，如果轮椅的任何部件出现损坏或故障，用户只需重新打印他们所需的单个部件即可。)”可知，模块化设计对轮椅使用者的益处是它便于更换损坏的部件。 24．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“I feel like every time I deliver one of these assistive devices, I get a hopeful feeling that the world has been changed a little bit for the better for the next generation(每次我交付这些辅助设备时，我都会有一种希望的感觉，那就是这个世界对于下一代来说已经变得稍微美好了一些)”可推知，当交付这些辅助设备时，普拉特的感觉是有成就感的。 拔高·模拟预测 Passage 1 （2026·江西·模拟预测）The public schools are on to something when they guide their students out of the classroom and into fresh air. Exposure to green space reduces behavioral problems, gives children a cognitive (认知的) boost and may even lead to improved academic achievement, according to recent studies. A 2026 paper from Barcelona’s Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (流行病学), for example, monitored 2,500 children in the city over a year and found that pupils whose schools had more green space in and around them had better working memory and less inattentiveness. They found that greenery within and around schools — measured using satellite images — was linked with an enhanced mental ability to continuously update information, capacities known as working memory and superior working memory. And more recent research from Belgium, published in the online journal Plos Medicine, echoed these positive findings, but went one step further and concluded that children raised in greener areas have a higher IQ, as well as lower levels of difficult behavior. The analysis of more than 600 Belgian students aged between 10 and 15 found that a 3% increase in the greenness of their neighborhood raised their IQ score by an average of 2.6 points, with the increase in IQ points particularly significant for children at the lower end of the range, where small increases could make a big difference. Tim Nawrot, a professor of environmental epidemiology in Belgium who worked on the study,said: “What this study adds with IQ is a solid, well-established clinical measure. I think city builders or urban planners should prioritize investment in green spaces.” Other research has found that children with more green space near their homes have significantly stronger bones, potentially leading to lifelong health benefits, while another study found greener play areas boosted children’s immune (免疫的) systems. As these studies continue to uncover the hidden value of natural surroundings, it is high time that schools, urban designers and families joined hands to increase green access for young people. Providing children with more chances to connect with nature is a wise investment in their future. 25．What is found in the 2026 Barcelona study? A．Plants can reduce pupils’ academic pressure. B．More greenness cures students’ memory loss. C．More green space may better memory and focus. D．Inattentiveness makes for poor working memory. 26．What can be inferred from the Belgian study? A．Weaker IQ students gain more from greenness. B．Greenness affects all children in the same way. C．City planners have increased green investment. D．Neighborhood greenness determines IQ scores. 27．What does Tim Nawrot want to emphasize about the study? A．Its novelty. B．Its reliability. C．Its limitation. D．Its popularity. 28．What is the beneficial investment in children’s future? A．Letting them access nature more. B．Training them hard to increase IQ. C．Making them attend a key school. D．Enhancing their perception of nature. 【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．A 【导语】主要介绍多项科学研究，阐述城市绿地对儿童智商、记忆力、身心健康的积极作用，并呼吁重视绿化建设。 【详解】25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A 2026 paper from Barcelona’s Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (流行病学), for example, monitored 2,500 children in the city over a year and found that pupils whose schools had more green space in and around them had better working memory and less inattentiveness.(例如，巴塞罗那环境流行病学研究中心2026年的一篇论文对该市2500名儿童进行了为期一年的监测，发现校园内外绿地更多的学生工作记忆更好，注意力也更集中。)”可知，更多的绿地可以改善学生的记忆力与专注力。 26．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The analysis of more than 600 Belgian students aged between 10 and 15 found that a 3% increase in the greenness of their neighborhood raised their IQ score by an average of 2.6 points, with the increase in IQ points particularly significant for children at the lower end of the range, where small increases could make a big difference.(研究分析了600多名10至15岁的比利时学生，发现社区绿化度每提升3%，学生智商平均提高2.6分，这一提升在智商偏低的孩子身上表现得尤为明显，小幅增长就能带来很大改变。)”可知，智商偏低的学生能从绿化环境中获益更多。 27．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“What this study adds with IQ is a solid, well-established clinical measure. I think city builders or urban planners should prioritize investment in green spaces.(这项研究将智商作为一项可靠且成熟的临床指标展开分析。我认为城市建设者和规划者应当优先投资建设绿地。)”可知，蒂姆·纳罗特意在强调这项研究结果的可靠性。 28．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Providing children with more chances to connect with nature is a wise investment in their future.(为孩子提供更多接触自然的机会，是对他们未来的一项明智投资。)”可知，让孩子更多地接触自然，是有益于孩子未来的投资。 Passage 2 （2026·河南南阳·模拟预测）Agricultural waste that is usually burned or left to rot (腐烂) could play a far bigger role in tackling climate change if it were instead used in long-lasting building materials, according to new research from the University of East London. Plants pull carbon from the air as they grow, but when plant waste burns or rots, that carbon returns to the atmosphere within months. But timing changes everything. Carbon released today heats the planet now, while carbon stored for years or decades delays that heat. The research looks at this timing closely. Instead of counting carbon in a single snapshot, it follows carbon over time. This approach shows that keeping plant fibers locked inside walls, panels or insulation (绝缘材料) can change the climate outcome in a lasting way. Some crop residues (残渣) are already used in insulation and composite boards. When these materials sit inside buildings, the carbon they contain stays put for decades. The study finds that simply stopping the open burning of agricultural residues and redirecting them into long-lived building products could deliver a sustained cooling effect over the next century. The effect grows stronger when clean energy replaces any biomass energy that gets pushed aside. While around 4.4 billion tons of agricultural residues are generated each year, only a small part is used in long-lived applications, with most being burned, used as animal feed, or left to rot. Even if the use of plant-based insulation grew quickly, it’d absorb only a small share of this material. The gap shows how finite current efforts are. Consequently, the research argues the construction industry needs to think bigger. Walls, floors, and panels made from plant fibers could move into the mainstream instead. Dr Bamdad Ayati, who led the study, said the findings pointed to an overlooked climate opportunity hiding in plain sight. “Each year, large volumes of agricultural residues are burned or left to decompose, returning carbon to the atmosphere,” he said. “Our research shows that if these fibers are redirected into long-lived building materials, they can store carbon for decades and produce a measurable cooling effect.” 29．What probably plays a key role in the impacts of plant waste on the climate? A．Time of carbon release. B．Ways of burning. C．Places for storing carbon. D．Speed of waste rot. 30．What will happen when crop residues become part of buildings? A．Less carbon will be produced. B．Climate change will slow down. C．The rooms will remain cool. D．Clean energy will be pushed aside. 31．What does the underlined word “finite” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Significant. B．Ineffective. C．Urgent. D．Limited. 32．What does Dr Ayati consider the agricultural residues to be? A．A temporary fix. B．A growing threat. C．A hidden treasure. D．A complex problem. 【答案】29．A 30．B 31．D 32．C 【导语】本文讲述研究表明，将通常焚烧或腐烂的农业废料转化为长效建筑材料可实现长期固碳并产生持续的冷却效应，延缓气候变暖。 【详解】29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Carbon released today heats the planet now, while carbon stored for years or decades delays that heat. The research looks at this timing closely. Instead of counting carbon in a single snapshot, it follows carbon over time.(今天释放的碳会立即加热地球，而被储存数年甚至数十年的碳则会推迟这种热量的产生。这项研究仔细审视了这种时间差异。它不是在某个时间点对碳做一次性统计，而是追踪碳随时间推移的动态变化。)”可知，植物废弃物对气候的影响中，碳释放的时间可能起着关键作用。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段“When these materials sit inside buildings, the carbon they contain stays put for decades. The study finds that simply stopping the open burning of agricultural residues and redirecting them into long-lived building products could deliver a sustained cooling effect over the next century.(当这些材料被用于建筑中时，其中所含的碳可以被锁定数十年。研究发现，仅需停止露天焚烧农业残渣，并将其转化为长效建筑产品，就能在未来一个世纪内带来持续的降温效果。)”可知，当作物残渣被用于建筑物中时，气候变暖会延缓。 31．词句猜测题。根据画线词前“Even if the use of plant-based insulation grew quickly, it’d absorb only a small share of this material.(即使植物基隔热材料的使用增长迅速，它也只能吸收这类材料中的一小部分。)”可推断，当前的努力是有限的，所给单词意为“有限的”，与Limited意思一致。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段Ayati博士所说的话“Our research shows that if these fibers are redirected into long-lived building materials, they can store carbon for decades and produce a measurable cooling effect.(我们的研究表明，如果将这些纤维转化为长效建筑材料，它们可以将碳储存数十年，并产生可测量的降温效果。)”可推断，Ayati博士认为这些农业残渣是一种未被发现的、可以应对气候变化的宝贵资源，即“隐藏的宝藏”。 Passage 3 （2026·湖北黄冈·三模）Some check watches or phone apps to know the time, but few realize our bodies have an internal clock — our circadian (昼夜) rhythm. Disrupted rhythms are linked to illnesses like Type 2 Diabetes and cancer, and drug effects vary significantly by administration time. This connection between treatment time and health outcomes has generated a specialized approach: chronotherapy. The idea of chronotherapy — giving drugs at right times — owes much to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which describes organs’ activity peaks at specific times. French researcher Francis Lévi drew on this wisdom to explore cancer treatment: healthy cells divide fixedly, while cancer cells multiply uncontrollably. Since chemotherapy (化疗) targets rapidly dividing cells, Levi reasoned that giving drugs when healthy cells are “asleep” could boost effectiveness and reduce side effects. Medical tests proved promising. Those who received chemotherapy at 6 a.m. instead of 6 p.m. experienced far milder sickness and tiredness. Similar benefits emerged elsewhere: afternoon heart surgery is safer, and flu vaccines given between 9-11 a.m. generate four times more antibodies than later in the day. Yet chronotherapy faced a problem: everyone’s internal clock varies by up to 12 hours. Measuring it used to be time-consuming — tracking melatonin (褪黑素) release required hours in darkness and frequent samples. Now, new tests using blood or even hair offer quicker results. For example, Germany’s BodyClock test analyzes clock gene activity in hair follicles (毛囊) to reveal internal time, helping tailor treatments. These advances in determining our biological time not only support precision medicine but also the use of daily rhythms to enhance overall health. For instance, exposure to morning light helps advance the body clock, while minimizing evening blue light promotes sound sleep. Scheduling demanding mental tasks or intense exercise during personal peak cognitive and physical periods (typically afternoon to early evening) can boost performance. By making use of our circadian rhythm — through timed treatments and rhythm-aware living — we can unlock longer, healthier lives. 33．On what did Francis Lévi base his exploration of cancer treatment? A．The different division patterns of cells. B．The specific time when cancer cells divide slowly. C．The measurement of patients’ sleep patterns. D．The theoretical wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine. 34．What is implied about chronotherapy in Paragraphs 3 and 4? A．It has been widely applied in clinical practice. B．Its application used to be limited by measurement barriers. C．It mainly depends on traditional rhythm assessment methods. D．Its actual effectiveness is closely related to treatment timing. 35．Which of the following is NOT a practical daily application of circadian rhythm? A．Lisa opens the curtains right after waking up to get some sunlight every morning. B．Tom avoids working on his laptop or scrolling through his phone right before bedtime. C．David schedules his daily high-intensity training sessions between 4 and 6 p.m. D．Mary gets her annual flu shot during her lunch break at 12:30 p.m. 36．What would be the most suitable title for the text? A．Follow Your Circadian Rhythm B．Reset Your Internal Clock Scientifically C．Choose a Healthy Lifestyle Wisely D．New Advances in Cancer Treatment 【答案】33．D 34．B 35．D 36．A 【导语】主要介绍时间疗法的起源、实践效果、过往困境与现有突破，以及昼夜节律在医疗和日常生活中的运用。 【详解】33．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The idea of chronotherapy — giving drugs at right times — owes much to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which describes organs’ activity peaks at specific times. French researcher Francis Lévi drew on this wisdom to explore cancer treatment: healthy cells divide fixedly, while cancer cells multiply uncontrollably.(时间疗法——在恰当时间给药——这一理念很大程度上借鉴了中医，中医指出人体器官会在特定时段达到活动高峰。法国研究者Francis Lévi借鉴这一智慧研究癌症治疗：健康细胞分裂规律，而癌细胞则无序增殖。)”可知，Francis Lévi依托中医理论智慧开展癌症治疗探索。 34．推理判断题。根据第三段内容以及第四段中的“Yet chronotherapy faced a problem: everyone’s internal clock varies by up to 12 hours. Measuring it used to be time-consuming — tracking melatonin (褪黑素) release required hours in darkness and frequent samples.(然而时间疗法曾面临一个难题：每个人的生物钟差异最高可达十二小时。以往检测生物钟十分耗时，检测褪黑素分泌需要在黑暗环境中待数小时，还要频繁采集样本。)”可知，过去检测生物钟的方式存在阻碍，限制了时间疗法的应用。 35．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Similar benefits emerged elsewhere: afternoon heart surgery is safer, and flu vaccines given between 9-11 a.m. generate four times more antibodies than later in the day.(其他领域也出现了类似益处：下午进行心脏手术安全性更高，上午九点至十一点接种流感疫苗产生的抗体数量是当天晚些时候接种的四倍。)”可知，流感疫苗适宜在上午9点至11点接种，十二点半接种不符合昼夜节律的应用要求。 36．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“By making use of our circadian rhythm — through timed treatments and rhythm-aware living — we can unlock longer, healthier lives.(利用昼夜节律，配合定时治疗与顺应节律的生活方式，我们就能拥有更长寿、健康的人生。)”可知，文章围绕昼夜节律展开，介绍其在医疗、生活中的价值，“顺应你的昼夜节律”最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2026·广东·三模）Mushrooms have been used by ancient humans for thousands of years, but archaeologists have only just uncovered their significant role in shaping civilisation. Seventy-five years ago, in a wetland in Yorkshire, UK, archaeologists found the perfectly preserved remains of dozens of 11,000-year-old mushrooms. Carefully cut and intentionally burned, it is thought that they were used by hunter-gatherers as tinder on their travels, enabling them to stay warm and cook food while on the move. The discovery was so unlikely because fungi (菌类) are composed mostly of water, meaning they rapidly rot and disappear, and so are almost totally absent from the fossil record. As such, the unexpected ways that mushrooms helped our ancient ancestors survive have long remained secret, seemingly lost to time. But in the past few years, new tools have finally allowed us to identify fungal DNA and micro-residues in the mouths, utensils and clothing of prehistoric humans. Until a decade ago, prehistoric diets were thought to consist only of meat and plants, excluding mushrooms. Yet rooted views about ancient daily choices are quietly shifting. In 2017, Weyrich’s team analysed the DNA in Palaeolithic dental plaque. They revealed that a group of Neanderthals in what is now Belgium supplemented their meaty meals with grey shag mushrooms, while those from a cave in northern Spain dined on split gill mushrooms. One member of the Spanish group, who lived around 48, 000 years ago, even chewed on grasses with penicillin fungi, and may have deliberately sought out this antibiotic fungus to reduce dental pain. These breakthroughs are highlighting how a hidden fungal kingdom fed, healed and warmed our Stone Age ancestors, with recent discoveries even illustrating how fungi helped hold early farming communities together, paving the way for the civilization we live in today. “By revealing the invisible evidence in the archaeological record, we now see how fungal connections helped the earliest Neolithic communities to develop an understanding of their land and their society,” says Li Liu at Stanford University in California. 37．What does the underlined word tinder probably mean in paragraph 2? A．Travel food. B．Fire starter. C．Ancient medicine. D．Cutting tool. 38．Why was little known about ancient mushroom use? A．Ancient people hid the evidence. B．Early humans rarely used fungi. C．Fungi decay too fast for preservation. D．Modern technology was once limited. 39．What can we infer about the Spanish Neanderthal? A．He was a skilled hunter-gatherer. B．He struggled with a food shortage. C．He preferred eating mushrooms to meat. D．He possessed some basic medical knowledge. 40．What is the text mainly about? A．Evolutionary history of ancient fungi. B．Changing diets of prehistoric humans. C．Fungi’s vital role in human civilization. D．New tools used in modern archaeology. 【答案】37．B 38．C 39．D 40．C 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了考古发现揭开了菌类的历史作用。菌类易腐烂难留存，借助新技术，人们证实古人类曾用蘑菇引火、食用、缓解病痛，它助力人类生存，也推动了早期文明发展。 【详解】37．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线单词句中“Carefully cut and intentionally burned, it is thought that they were used by hunter-gatherers as… on their travels, enabling them to stay warm and cook food while on the move.(这些蘑菇经过精心切割并被有意烧焦，人们认为这些蘑菇是狩猎采集者在出行时用作……，使他们能够在移动过程中保持温暖并烹饪食物。)”可知，后文明确说明该物品的作用是“取暖和烹饪食物”，且前文提到蘑菇被“故意焚烧”，因此 “tinder”指用于生火的材料。B选项Fire starter“引火物”完全匹配语境和功能描述。 38．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The discovery was so unlikely because fungi (菌类) are composed mostly of water, meaning they rapidly rot and disappear, and so are almost totally absent from the fossil record.(这一发现之所以如此罕见，是因为真菌主要由水分组成，这意味着它们会迅速腐烂并消失，因此在化石记录中几乎完全不存在。)”可知，人们对古代蘑菇的使用知之甚少是因为真菌腐烂速度太快难以保存。 39．推理判断题。根据第四段中“One member of the Spanish group, who lived around 48, 000 years ago, even chewed on grasses with penicillin fungi, and may have deliberately sought out this antibiotic fungus to reduce dental pain.(西班牙那群人中的一位成员（生活在约 48000 年前）甚至会咀嚼含有产生青霉素的真菌的草类，可能还特意寻找这种具有抗菌作用的真菌来减轻牙齿疼痛。)”可知，该尼安德特人可能主动寻找含有青霉素的真菌来缓解牙痛，说明他已经掌握了一些基础的药用知识。 40．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Mushrooms have been used by ancient humans for thousands of years, but archaeologists have only just uncovered their significant role in shaping civilisation.( 蘑菇在数千年间一直被古代人类所使用，但考古学家直到最近才揭示出它们在塑造文明过程中所起的重要作用。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是真菌在人类文明中的重要作用。 Passage 5 （2026·安徽·模拟预测）A team led by Min Zhang and Dabao Zhang at the University of California, Irvine’s Joe C． Wen School of Population & Public Health has developed the most comprehensive maps yet of how genes directly influence one another in brain cells affected by Alzheimer’s disease. These maps reveal which genes are actively controlling others across different cell types in the brain. To accomplish this, the researchers created a powerful new AI-based system called SIGNET. Unlike traditional tools that only detect genes that appear to move together, it is designed to uncover true causal (因果的) connections. Using this approach, the team identified important biological pathways that may contribute to memory loss and the gradual breakdown of brain tissue. “Different types of brain cells play distinct roles in Alzheimer’s disease, but how they interact at the molecular level has remained unclear,” said Min Zhang. “Our work provides cell type-specific maps of gene regulation in the Alzheimer’s brain, shifting the field from observing correlations to uncovering the causal mechanisms that actively drive disease progression.” To build these exhaustive maps, the team analyzed single-cell molecular data from brain samples donated by 272 participants. SIGNET was designed as a scalable, high-performance computing system that combines single-cell RNA sequencing (测序) with whole-genome sequencing data. Using this method, they constructed causal gene regulatory networks for six major brain cell types. This made it possible to determine which genes are likely directing the activity of others, something conventional correlation-based methods cannot reliably complete. “Our approach takes advantage of information encoded (编码) in DNA to enable the identification of true causal relationships between genes in the brain,” said Dabao Zhang, co-corresponding author and professor of epidemiology. The researchers found that the most significant gene disturbances occur in excitatory neurons — the nerve cells that send activating signals — where nearly 6,000 cause-and-effect interactions revealed extensive genetic rewiring as Alzheimer’s progresses. The team also identified hundreds of “hub genes” that function as central regulators, influencing many other genes and likely playing an important role in harmful changes in the brain. These hub genes could become valuable targets for earlier diagnosis and future treatment. 41．What is the key advantage of SIGNET compared to traditional methods? A．It focuses on identifying moving genes. B．It can analyze data from lots of brain samples. C．It can reveal true cause-and-effect gene relationships. D．It tells RNA sequencing from whole-genome sequencing. 42．What does the underlined word “exhaustive” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Detailed. B．Rough. C．Scientific. D．Official. 43．How did the researchers find true causal relationships between brain genes? A．By using a traditional computer system. B．By employing DNA-encoded data. C．By detecting six major brain cell types. D．By interpreting nerve cells signals. 44．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Principles of gene function. B．The severity of the brain diseases. C．The role of gene changes. D．Potential application of the “hub genes”. 【答案】41．C 42．A 43．B 44．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了科研团队研发AI系统揭示阿尔茨海默病基因调控因果机制。 【详解】41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike traditional tools that only detect genes that appear to move together, it is designed to uncover true causal (因果的) connections. (与传统工具仅能检测看似同步活动的基因不同，该系统旨在揭示真实的因果关系)”可知，SIGNET的关键优势在于能揭示基因间真正的因果联系。 42．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“the team analyzed single-cell molecular data from brain samples donated by 272 participants (研究团队分析了来自272名参与者捐赠的大脑样本的单细胞分子数据)”以及第五段中“they constructed causal gene regulatory networks for six major brain cell types (他们构建了涵盖六种主要脑细胞类型的因果基因调控网络)”可知，这些地图是基于大量数据构建的，非常详尽的。由此可知，exhaustive意为“详尽的，彻底的”，与“detailed”意思一致。 43．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Our approach takes advantage of information encoded (编码) in DNA to enable the identification of true causal relationships between genes in the brain (我们的方法利用了DNA中编码的信息，从而能够识别大脑中基因之间的真实因果关系)”可知，研究人员是通过利用DNA编码的信息来找到大脑基因之间真正的因果关系的。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These hub genes could become valuable targets for earlier diagnosis and future treatment. (这些枢纽基因可能成为早期诊断和未来治疗的重要靶点)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了“枢纽基因”在未来医学上的潜在应用价值。 Passage 6 （2026·湖北·模拟预测）As electronic waste (e-waste) continues to pile up in landfills, poisonous chemicals are leaking into the ground, causing a growing environmental disaster. According to recent estimates, there are nearly 7 billion smartphones in the world. The U. N. reports that in 2022, the world produced 62 billion kilograms of e-waste — an 82 percent increase from just a decade ago. While many industries have started using biodegradable products, electronics is more complicated because it relies on rare metals. But now, the industry may be “turning over a new leaf. ” An international team of scientists, led by researchers at the Dresden University of Technology in Germany, has used the natural structure of a leaf to create biodegradable films. In other words, they’ve made leaf-based electronics, or “leaftronics”. “We were surprised to find that these natural structures not only support living cells in nature, but can also hold materials together even at high temperatures,” said Hans Kleemann, a co-author of the study. The researchers demonstrated that these films can resist the heat of soldering (焊接) and support components like those found in modern screens. The main attraction of “leaftronics” is its ability to break down after it’s been used. The journal Science Advances reports that the team can successfully remove metals by placing this leaf-based circuit board in a special acid bath. After just one month, the boards then begin degrading in a compost heap (堆肥). “This work offers a sustainable path forward as we strive to reduce waste and fight climate change,” said Karl Leo, a senior researcher of the study. Although the team admits that traditional circuit boards are currently much stronger than their “leaftronic” versions, this research shows that the electronics industry can become more eco-friendly. The team envisions a future where electronics factories, situated next to tree farms, develop biodegradable circuit boards capable of powering a sustainable future. 45．Why does the author mention the data in paragraph 1? A．To track the development of smartphones. B．To emphasize the severity of e-waste problems. C．To call on the public to cut down electronic waste. D．To compare different types of environmental disasters. 46．According to the study, what is the key feature of “leaftronics”? A．It can degrade quickly after use. B．It uses no metals in its production process. C．It can maintain its structure under high heat. D．It is more durable than traditional circuit boards. 47．What is the research team’s attitude toward the future of leaf-based electronics? A．Doubtful. B．Ambitious. C．Cautious. D．Critical. 48．Which of the following is the best title? A．Turning Over a New Leaf for Electronics. B．The Secret Structure of Natural Plant Leaves. C．Why Traditional Circuit Boards are Failing Us. D．E-waste: A Growing Global Environmental Crisis. 【答案】45．B 46．A 47．B 48．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了一种利用叶片天然结构制成的可生物降解薄膜——leaftronics，旨在解决电子垃圾问题。 【详解】45．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As electronic waste (e-waste) continues to pile up in landfills, poisonous chemicals are leaking into the ground, causing a growing environmental disaster. According to recent estimates, there are nearly 7 billion smartphones in the world. The U. N. reports that in 2022, the world produced 62 billion kilograms of e-waste — an 82 percent increase from just a decade ago. (随着电子垃圾在垃圾填埋场持续堆积，有毒化学物质正在渗入地下，引发一场日益严重的环境灾难。根据最近的估算，全球有近70亿部智能手机。联合国报告称，2022年，全球产生了620亿公斤的电子垃圾——比十年前增加了82%)”可知，作者提到“70亿”、“620亿公斤”和“增加了82%”这些数据是为了强调电子垃圾问题的严重性。 46．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The main attraction of “leaftronics” is its ability to break down after it’s been used. ... After just one month, the boards then begin degrading in a compost heap (堆肥). (leaftronics的主要吸引力在于其在使用后能够分解。……仅仅一个月后，这些电路板随后开始在堆肥中降解)”可知，“leaftronics”的关键特性是使用后能快速降解。 47．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The team envisions a future where electronics factories, situated next to tree farms, develop biodegradable circuit boards capable of powering a sustainable future. (该团队设想了一个未来，电子工厂与树木农场相邻，开发能够为可持续未来提供动力的可生物降解电路板)”可知，研究团队对未来充满期待，雄心勃勃。 48．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“As electronic waste (e-waste) continues to pile up in landfills, poisonous chemicals are leaking into the ground, causing a growing environmental disaster. (随着电子垃圾在垃圾填埋场持续堆积，有毒化学物质正在渗入地下，引发一场日益严重的环境灾难)”、第二段中“While many industries have started using biodegradable products, electronics is more complicated because it relies on rare metals. But now, the industry may be “turning over a new leaf.” (尽管许多行业已开始使用可生物降解产品，但电子行业情况更为复杂，因为它依赖于稀有金属。不过，该行业现在或许正在“翻开新的一页”)”和最后一段中“This work offers a sustainable path forward as we strive to reduce waste and fight climate change... The team envisions a future where electronics factories, situated next to tree farms, develop biodegradable circuit boards capable of powering a sustainable future. (这项工作为我们努力减少浪费和应对气候变化提供了一条可持续的前进道路……该团队设想了一个未来，电子工厂与树木农场相邻，开发能够为可持续未来提供动力的可生物降解电路板)”可知，文章开头指出电子垃圾问题严重，随后介绍了一种利用叶片制成可生物降解电子材料的新技术，这标志着电子行业可能正在“翻开新的一页”。故A项“Turning Over a New Leaf for Electronics (电子行业翻开新的一页)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $