专题07 阅读理解议论文（阅读论点、论据分析）（培优讲义）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦阅读理解议论文专题，围绕寻找中心句、识别驳论点、逻辑链条构建三大核心考点，按照考情分析、基础梳理、重难突破、分层集训的逻辑层次展开，通过考点解读、方法指导、真题演练等环节，帮助学生建立从定位论点到分析论据的结构化理解框架，体现复习教学的系统性和针对性。 资料创新采用“划转折、标反驳、画箭头”的实操训练策略，结合近年高考真题统计与考法预测，如通过“划出—验证”两步法定位中心句，绘制“问题—分论点—论据”逻辑结构图，培养学生的思维品质和学习能力。设置基础演练与能力进阶分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保学生高效突破难点，为教师精准把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

专题07 阅读理解议论文（阅读论点、论据分析）（培优讲义） 内容导航 夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能 考情・分析解读（考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测） 基础・知识梳理（知识导图 核心梳理） 重难・核心突破（真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测） 重难01 寻找中心句 重难02 识别驳论点 重难03 逻辑链条构建 拔高・分层集训（基础演练 能力进阶） 考情·分析解读 考题统计 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2026 2026·全国I卷 篇章结构 核心论点定位（从首段现象描述中识别作者关于“城市交通与社区生活”的核心主张） 2026 2026·全国I卷 写作意图 论证目的分析（分析作者提及“1950年代加拿大记者”事例的目的——支撑“社区反击汽车文化”的论点） 2025 2025·全国I卷 多模态文本 图文信息互证（结合“2018全球交通碳排放占比”图表与文本，推断作者强调绿色能源的论据） 2025 2025·全国I卷 推理判断 隐含观点推断（根据作者对“汽车拥有率”及“儿童步行安全”的描述，推断其对现行交通规划的态度） 2025 2025·全国II卷 数据引用 数据论证作用（识别文中关于“瓶装水微塑料含量”的具体数据，分析其对论证“微塑料污染严重性”的支持作用） 2024 2024·新课标I卷 理论假说 概念理解与迁移（理解“浅薄假说”内涵——读者以娱乐心态处理数字文本；分析作者用该理论论证纸质阅读不可替代性的逻辑） 2024 2024·新课标I卷 对比分析 论证方法识别（对比“数字文本、音频、视频”与“纸质阅读”在深度学习上的效果差异，识别对比论证手法） 2024 2024·全国甲卷 个人经历 个人经历作为论据（分析作者与教授讨论小说结局的个人经历，在文中的作用——引出“不同文学类型应有不同结局”的中心论点） 2024 2024·北京卷 哲学概念 论点反驳与支持（分析作者对“模拟假说”的态度——虽承认其吸引力，但论证其并非科学问题，并转向其可利用的价值） 2023 2023·全国乙卷 名人名言/权威引用 引用论证作用（识别文中引用的名人观点或历史物证，分析其为“研究历史需要实物证据”这一论点提供的支撑强度） 2022 2022·北京卷 新生事物评价 论点倾向性判断（分析作者针对“量子计算机”或“通用人工智能”所列举的利与弊，判断作者最终的立场是乐观、担忧还是中立） 2021 2021·新课标I卷 概念辨析 核心概念界定（分析作者如何澄清公众对“情商”的误解——区分“优秀品质”与“技能”，并指出情商是中性工具） 2021 2021·全国甲卷 社会现象批判 因果逻辑分析（识别作者认为“天才俱乐部缺乏女性和少数族裔”的社会成因，分析作者如何通过“历史由胜利者书写”来论证偏见的存在） 考情解读 一、寻找中心句：从定位到验证 近年高考议论文中，中心句不再固定于首段段首，常出现在段中转折词（however, but）之后，或通过设问自答引出。考生需具备“扫描—定位—验证”的能力：先通过高频词与总结性语句锁定可能位置，再结合后续论据反向验证该句是否为全文或段落的核心主张。 二、识别驳论点：反驳即立场 驳论点是作者在承认对立观点后予以回击的部分，常由“Some people argue that... Yet...”等结构引导。识别驳论点能快速判断作者的真实立场——驳论越强，作者倾向越明确。近年考题常要求区分“作者提出的观点”与“作者准备反驳的观点”。 三、逻辑链条构建：连接论点到论据的桥梁 作者往往通过因果、对比、举例等方式将论据与中心论点串联。考向强调：学生需能概括每一段的功能（背景引入、观点铺垫、正反论证、结论升华），并绘制从“问题提出”到“结论得出”的完整论证路径，而不仅是摘抄单句信息。 综上，三者互为支撑：中心句是起点，驳论点揭示立场，逻辑链条保障推理严密。考生应通过“划转折、标反驳、画箭头”的实操训练，提升议论文的结构化理解能力。 备考策略 一、寻找中心句：定位标志词 训练快速扫描段落首尾、转折词（but/however）、总结词（thus/therefore）及设问句后的结论句。通过“划出—验证”两步法确认核心主张。 二、识别驳论点：锁定反驳结构 重点识别“Some think... However...”等让步反驳结构，分清“作者观点”与“被反驳观点”，直接定位作者真实立场。 三、逻辑链条构建：绘制结构图 用箭头连接“问题→分论点→论据→结论”，用“+”/“-”标注支持或反对关系。每周精析2-3篇议论文，强化段落功能分析。 命题预测 一、中心句考查更隐蔽 中心句可能隐藏在段中转折后或例证之后，需结合上下文推断。多模态文本（图文结合）中，图表下方或图注常为中心句所在。 二、驳论点占比上升 预计会出现“多重反驳”结构（先驳A，再驳B，最后提出C），要求学生区分不同层级的对立观点，并识别作者最终支持的论点。 三、逻辑链条考查精细化 可能要求补全论证中的缺失环节（如“以下哪个选项最能衔接X段与Y段”），或判断某一论据直接支撑的是分论点还是中心论点。 基础・知识梳理 知识导图 核心梳理 一、寻找中心句 维度 核心要点 典型位置 段落首句、段落末句、转折词后（but / however / yet / nevertheless）、总结词前（thus / therefore / so / hence）、设问句的答句。 验证方法 问自己：该句能否概括全段大部分内容？后续例子、数据是否在支撑这句话？ 常见干扰 具体事例、细节数据、背景介绍。这些不是中心句，而是为中心句服务的论据。 多模态文本注意事项 图表下方的注释、图标题干句往往含有中心观点；图与文需要互证。 二、识别驳论点 维度 核心要点 本质 作者先摆出对立观点（靶子），再予以反驳，从而强化自己的立场。 典型结构 Some people argue / believe / think that … + However / Yet / But + 作者真正观点 Admittedly / It is true that … + Nevertheless / Nonetheless + 作者转折 核心任务 ① 区分“作者引用的观点”与“作者持有的观点” ② 明确反驳力度 → 反驳越强烈，作者立场越鲜明 常见命题角度 “Why does the author mention the view of …？”（为了树立靶子并反驳） “What is the author’s attitude toward …？”（通过驳论推断） 三、逻辑链条构建 维度 核心要点 基本要素 现象/问题 → 中心论点 → 分论点1、2… → 论据（数据、事例、引言、对比）→ 结论 常见逻辑关系 因果关系、对比/类比关系、举例关系、递进关系、转折关系。 标注符号（推荐） → 因果 / 推导 ↔ 对比 e.g. 举例 + 支持 – 反对 段落功能分析 背景引入段、观点铺垫段、立论段、驳论段、举例论证段、结论升华段。 常见考查方式 ① 补全缺失环节（例如：以下哪项最能衔接第2段与第3段？） ② 判断论据的直接支撑对象（支撑分论点还是中心论点？） 重难・核心突破 重难01 寻找中心句 【真题再现】 2025 年全国 I 卷 In an era when digital information spreads rapidly, people often mistake online rumors for facts, which can lead to serious social problems. Rumors about public health, for example, may cause unnecessary panic among the public and even disrupt social order. A study conducted by a university found that over 60% of teenagers have spread online rumors unknowingly, mainly because they lack the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood. To address this issue, joint efforts are needed. First, social media platforms should strengthen content review and remove false information in a timely manner. Second, schools should provide media literacy courses to help students develop critical thinking skills. Most importantly, individuals should raise their awareness of verifying information before sharing it. In conclusion, fighting against online rumors is not a task for a single group but a shared responsibility of the whole society. Only by working together can we create a clean and healthy online environment. 28.What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. The harm of online rumors and a related study result. B. The rapid spread of digital information online. C. Teenagers’ bad habit of spreading online rumors. D. The serious social problems caused by public health. 29.What is the central argument of the text? A. Social media platforms should remove false information. B. Joint efforts are required to deal with online rumors. C. Schools should teach students to think critically. D. Individuals should learn to verify online information. 【解题技巧】 解答议论文主旨、中心句类题目，可遵循固定解题思路。首先明确位置规律，段首、段尾句是段落中心句的高频位置，首尾段常出现全文核心论点。其次区分论点与论据，举例、数据、具体措施都属于论据，仅用来支撑观点，不能当作主旨。做题时，段落主旨需围绕段内核心观点整体概括，切勿只抓取局部细节。面对全文主旨题，要分清中心论点和分论点，文中分层提出的具体做法均为分论点，全文总起、总结句才是核心立意，筛选选项时优先选择概括性最强的答案。 【考法预测】 高考议论文主旨类题型仍会作为高频考点持续考查。题型上，依旧以段落主旨、全文中心论点两类单选为主，常结合社会热点、生活话题设题。命题侧重考查区分中心论点、分论点与论据的能力，多用事例、数据、具体举措作为干扰项。选材贴近现实，聚焦网络现象、社会生活、文化教育等主题。设问形式基本稳定，偶尔会变式考查作者态度、写作目的，解题核心仍是定位首尾关键句，选项侧重整体概括，片面细节选项大概率为干扰项。 重难02 识别驳论点 【真题再现】 2025 年全国 I 卷 Nowadays, many people hold the view that reading printed books is out of date. They claim digital reading is more convenient and portable, so physical books will gradually disappear. However, this opinion is totally one-sided. Printed books have unique advantages that digital products cannot replace. When reading paper books, people are less likely to be disturbed by pop-up messages. What’s more, the feel of turning pages helps readers stay focused and enjoy the pleasure of reading fully. A survey also shows that most people can remember knowledge better when reading printed books. In fact, digital and printed reading are not opposites. They serve different needs of readers. We can choose suitable ways according to different situations, instead of completely abandoning printed books. 28.What is the wrong opinion that the author argues against? A. Digital reading has many shortcomings. B. Printed books will fade away in the future. C. Two reading ways can exist side by side. D. Printed books bring people reading pleasure. 29.What is the main purpose of the second paragraph? A. To list advantages of printed books to refute the wrong view. B. To explain how digital reading influences our life. C. To show the popularity of modern digital reading. D. To compare different kinds of reading materials. 【解题技巧】 解答议论文识别驳论点类题目，首先关注文章开篇，作者通常会先摆出大众或部分人的错误观点。留意however, but, yet等转折词，转折之后就是作者的反驳立场。做题时要分清被驳斥的观点、作者观点和支撑论据：事例、数据、优势分析等都是用来驳倒错误看法的论据。答题时准确定位被反驳的原观点，切勿把作者自身主张、论据当成驳论点。同时警惕偷换概念、无中生有的选项，优先选择和开篇错误表述完全对应的答案。 【考法预测】 今后命题趋势 驳论点识别是高考议论文阅读高频考点，命题形式将保持稳定，以细节理解、段落作用类单选题为主。选材多围绕生活观念、文化认知、学习方式等热议话题，贴近考生日常。命题常借助but、however等转折词设置考点，重点考查区分错误观点、作者立场与论证论据的能力。题干多直接提问被反驳的观点、段落论证目的，干扰项常混用作者观点、文中论据或曲解原文。未来还可能结合观点对比变式设题，整体难度适中，核心仍是依托逻辑词定位观点。 重难03 逻辑链条构建 【真题再现】 2025 年全国 I 卷 Many students feel that taking notes in class is a waste of time, for they think they can review learning materials directly after class. Actually, effective note-taking plays a vital role in study. Firstly, writing down key knowledge forces students to concentrate on teachers’ lectures and keep their minds from wandering. Secondly, sorting out information while taking notes helps students understand and digest knowledge in time. In addition, clear class notes serve as high-quality review materials before exams, greatly improving learning efficiency. Therefore, forming the habit of taking notes in class can steadily promote students’ academic performance. It is a simple but useful learning method worth sticking to. 28.What is the correct logical relationship in the passage? A. Wrong opinion → analysis of reasons → final conclusion B. Final conclusion → specific examples → wrong opinion C. Different views → data proof → comparison of methods D. Facts explanation → phenomenon description → summary 29.Why does the author think highly of note-taking? A. It helps students finish homework quickly. B. It benefits students’ concentration, understanding and review. C. It makes students spend less time on daily study. D. It helps students get high marks without review. 【解题技巧】 梳理议论文逻辑链条，先要划分文章层次，理清段落间行文顺序。常见行文逻辑有：摆错误观点 — 分析论证 — 总结观点、提出论点 — 分层列举论据 — 得出结论等。做题时先定位首尾段，明确文章的总观点，再梳理中间段落的论据类型与作用。同时理清论点、论据、结论三者的关联，论据是用来支撑论点的，最终服务于文末总结。辨析选项时，核对逻辑先后顺序，排除顺序颠倒、无中生有的选项，结合文章内容判断段落功能，精准匹配行文脉络。 【考法预测】 今后命题趋势 议论文逻辑链条梳理会持续作为高考常考题型，多以行文顺序、段落作用、因果逻辑类单选命题。选材聚焦学习方法、生活态度、社会现象等贴近考生的话题。命题重点考查学生划分文本层次、理清论点、论据、结论之间关联的能力，常考查观点 — 论证 — 总结这类经典行文结构。干扰项多设置逻辑顺序颠倒、捏造行文环节等陷阱。除整体脉络考查外，还会变式考查句间、段间因果关系，解题仍需依托段落划分与内容梳理判断逻辑。 拔高・分层集训 基础演练 Passage 1 考点一：寻找中心句 2026 年全国 I 卷地区名校联考真题 Now more and more teenagers choose to do part-time jobs in their spare time. Some people worry that part-time work will take up too much study time and affect students’ grades. However, properly arranged part-time jobs bring far more advantages than disadvantages. Working part-time helps teenagers step out of the campus and know more about the real world. They can learn to communicate with different people and improve their social skills. Besides, earning money by themselves makes them understand the value of labor and form a correct view of consumption. In short, part-time work is a valuable experience for growing teenagers. What is the main idea of the whole passage? A. Teenagers have plenty of spare time every day. B. Doing part-time jobs is beneficial to teenagers’ growth. C. Part-time jobs will influence students’ school performance. D. Teenagers are good at communicating with strangers. Passage 2 2026 年高考质量检测真题 Reading aloud is a simple but useful learning method. Many students ignore this habit and only read silently when learning English. In fact, reading aloud can greatly improve your English level. When you read aloud, your eyes, mouth and ears work together, which helps you remember words and sentences more firmly. It also corrects your pronunciation and intonation naturally. What’s more, reading aloud creates a language atmosphere and makes you feel more confident in speaking English. All in all, we should keep the habit of reading aloud every day. What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. Many students like reading English silently. B. Reading aloud is an effective way to learn English. C. Students have different ways to learn English. D. It is difficult for students to develop good learning habits. 考点二：识别驳论点 Passage 1 2026 年全国 I 卷仿真预测真题 A lot of students believe that taking exercise is a waste of time. They think studying all day long can get better grades, so they refuse to do sports. But this idea is completely wrong. Regular exercise can relax our tired mind after long hours of study. It strengthens our body and makes us energetic enough to keep learning. Scientific research also proves that students who stick to exercise usually have higher learning efficiency. We should combine study with sports properly. What opinion does the author argue against? A. Exercise can make people full of energy. B. Students should combine study and sports. C. Doing sports takes up study time and is useless. D. Sports can improve students’ learning efficiency. Passage 2 2026 届省级统一模考真题 Some parents think that children should not watch educational videos. They argue that videos will make kids rely on electronic products and lose interest in traditional books. However, educational videos are actually a good helper for children’s learning. Well-chosen educational videos combine pictures and sounds, making knowledge easy to understand. They can broaden children’s horizons and add fun to learning. As long as parents control the watching time, videos will do no harm to kids. What is the wrong view mentioned in the passage? A. Educational videos help kids learn knowledge easily. B. Watching videos will make children dislike paper books. C. Parents should limit children’s screen time strictly. D. Videos can enrich children’s life experience. 考点三：逻辑链条构建 Passage 1 2026 年高考综合能力测试真题 Nowadays, staying up late has become a common problem among young people. Staying up late does great harm to our physical health and daily study. First, lack of sleep will make people sleepy and unable to focus in class. Second, it weakens the immune system and makes us easy to fall ill. Besides, staying up late also affects our mood and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, we should form the habit of going to bed early and getting up early to keep healthy and efficient. What is the logical structure of the passage? A. Present a problem → analyze influences → put forward a suggestion B. Give a suggestion → list reasons → draw a conclusion C. Describe a phenomenon → compare different ideas → make a choice D. Raise a question → provide examples → explain answers Passage 2 2026 年高考压轴模拟真题 Learning to manage time is very important for middle school students. Good time management helps us arrange study and life reasonably. If you make a daily plan, you will know what to do first and avoid being busy in disorder. Setting clear time limits for tasks can also stop you from wasting time on useless things. With proper time management, you can finish tasks ahead of time and have more time for hobbies. In a word, mastering time management skills will bring you a lot of benefits. What is the correct logical chain of the text? A. Conclusion → facts explanation → different opinions B. Put forward a viewpoint → list supporting reasons → summarize again C. Introduce a story → analyze the story → get a lesson D. Show a survey → discuss data → draw a conclusion 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解议论文（阅读论点、论据分析）（培优讲义） 内容导航 夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能 考情・分析解读（考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测） 基础・知识梳理（知识导图 核心梳理） 重难・核心突破（真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测） 重难01 寻找中心句 重难02 识别驳论点 重难03 逻辑链条构建 拔高・分层集训（基础演练 能力进阶） 考情·分析解读 考题统计 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2026 2026·全国I卷 篇章结构 核心论点定位（从首段现象描述中识别作者关于“城市交通与社区生活”的核心主张） 2026 2026·全国I卷 写作意图 论证目的分析（分析作者提及“1950年代加拿大记者”事例的目的——支撑“社区反击汽车文化”的论点） 2025 2025·全国I卷 多模态文本 图文信息互证（结合“2018全球交通碳排放占比”图表与文本，推断作者强调绿色能源的论据） 2025 2025·全国I卷 推理判断 隐含观点推断（根据作者对“汽车拥有率”及“儿童步行安全”的描述，推断其对现行交通规划的态度） 2025 2025·全国II卷 数据引用 数据论证作用（识别文中关于“瓶装水微塑料含量”的具体数据，分析其对论证“微塑料污染严重性”的支持作用） 2024 2024·新课标I卷 理论假说 概念理解与迁移（理解“浅薄假说”内涵——读者以娱乐心态处理数字文本；分析作者用该理论论证纸质阅读不可替代性的逻辑） 2024 2024·新课标I卷 对比分析 论证方法识别（对比“数字文本、音频、视频”与“纸质阅读”在深度学习上的效果差异，识别对比论证手法） 2024 2024·全国甲卷 个人经历 个人经历作为论据（分析作者与教授讨论小说结局的个人经历，在文中的作用——引出“不同文学类型应有不同结局”的中心论点） 2024 2024·北京卷 哲学概念 论点反驳与支持（分析作者对“模拟假说”的态度——虽承认其吸引力，但论证其并非科学问题，并转向其可利用的价值） 2023 2023·全国乙卷 名人名言/权威引用 引用论证作用（识别文中引用的名人观点或历史物证，分析其为“研究历史需要实物证据”这一论点提供的支撑强度） 2022 2022·北京卷 新生事物评价 论点倾向性判断（分析作者针对“量子计算机”或“通用人工智能”所列举的利与弊，判断作者最终的立场是乐观、担忧还是中立） 2021 2021·新课标I卷 概念辨析 核心概念界定（分析作者如何澄清公众对“情商”的误解——区分“优秀品质”与“技能”，并指出情商是中性工具） 2021 2021·全国甲卷 社会现象批判 因果逻辑分析（识别作者认为“天才俱乐部缺乏女性和少数族裔”的社会成因，分析作者如何通过“历史由胜利者书写”来论证偏见的存在） 考情解读 一、寻找中心句：从定位到验证 近年高考议论文中，中心句不再固定于首段段首，常出现在段中转折词（however, but）之后，或通过设问自答引出。考生需具备“扫描—定位—验证”的能力：先通过高频词与总结性语句锁定可能位置，再结合后续论据反向验证该句是否为全文或段落的核心主张。 二、识别驳论点：反驳即立场 驳论点是作者在承认对立观点后予以回击的部分，常由“Some people argue that... Yet...”等结构引导。识别驳论点能快速判断作者的真实立场——驳论越强，作者倾向越明确。近年考题常要求区分“作者提出的观点”与“作者准备反驳的观点”。 三、逻辑链条构建：连接论点到论据的桥梁 作者往往通过因果、对比、举例等方式将论据与中心论点串联。考向强调：学生需能概括每一段的功能（背景引入、观点铺垫、正反论证、结论升华），并绘制从“问题提出”到“结论得出”的完整论证路径，而不仅是摘抄单句信息。 综上，三者互为支撑：中心句是起点，驳论点揭示立场，逻辑链条保障推理严密。考生应通过“划转折、标反驳、画箭头”的实操训练，提升议论文的结构化理解能力。 备考策略 一、寻找中心句：定位标志词 训练快速扫描段落首尾、转折词（but/however）、总结词（thus/therefore）及设问句后的结论句。通过“划出—验证”两步法确认核心主张。 二、识别驳论点：锁定反驳结构 重点识别“Some think... However...”等让步反驳结构，分清“作者观点”与“被反驳观点”，直接定位作者真实立场。 三、逻辑链条构建：绘制结构图 用箭头连接“问题→分论点→论据→结论”，用“+”/“-”标注支持或反对关系。每周精析2-3篇议论文，强化段落功能分析。 命题预测 一、中心句考查更隐蔽 中心句可能隐藏在段中转折后或例证之后，需结合上下文推断。多模态文本（图文结合）中，图表下方或图注常为中心句所在。 二、驳论点占比上升 预计会出现“多重反驳”结构（先驳A，再驳B，最后提出C），要求学生区分不同层级的对立观点，并识别作者最终支持的论点。 三、逻辑链条考查精细化 可能要求补全论证中的缺失环节（如“以下哪个选项最能衔接X段与Y段”），或判断某一论据直接支撑的是分论点还是中心论点。 基础・知识梳理 知识导图 核心梳理 一、寻找中心句 维度 核心要点 典型位置 段落首句、段落末句、转折词后（but / however / yet / nevertheless）、总结词前（thus / therefore / so / hence）、设问句的答句。 验证方法 问自己：该句能否概括全段大部分内容？后续例子、数据是否在支撑这句话？ 常见干扰 具体事例、细节数据、背景介绍。这些不是中心句，而是为中心句服务的论据。 多模态文本注意事项 图表下方的注释、图标题干句往往含有中心观点；图与文需要互证。 二、识别驳论点 维度 核心要点 本质 作者先摆出对立观点（靶子），再予以反驳，从而强化自己的立场。 典型结构 Some people argue / believe / think that … + However / Yet / But + 作者真正观点 Admittedly / It is true that … + Nevertheless / Nonetheless + 作者转折 核心任务 ① 区分“作者引用的观点”与“作者持有的观点” ② 明确反驳力度 → 反驳越强烈，作者立场越鲜明 常见命题角度 “Why does the author mention the view of …？”（为了树立靶子并反驳） “What is the author’s attitude toward …？”（通过驳论推断） 三、逻辑链条构建 维度 核心要点 基本要素 现象/问题 → 中心论点 → 分论点1、2… → 论据（数据、事例、引言、对比）→ 结论 常见逻辑关系 因果关系、对比/类比关系、举例关系、递进关系、转折关系。 标注符号（推荐） → 因果 / 推导 ↔ 对比 e.g. 举例 + 支持 – 反对 段落功能分析 背景引入段、观点铺垫段、立论段、驳论段、举例论证段、结论升华段。 常见考查方式 ① 补全缺失环节（例如：以下哪项最能衔接第2段与第3段？） ② 判断论据的直接支撑对象（支撑分论点还是中心论点？） 重难・核心突破 重难01 寻找中心句 【真题再现】 2025 年全国 I 卷 In an era when digital information spreads rapidly, people often mistake online rumors for facts, which can lead to serious social problems. Rumors about public health, for example, may cause unnecessary panic among the public and even disrupt social order. A study conducted by a university found that over 60% of teenagers have spread online rumors unknowingly, mainly because they lack the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood. To address this issue, joint efforts are needed. First, social media platforms should strengthen content review and remove false information in a timely manner. Second, schools should provide media literacy courses to help students develop critical thinking skills. Most importantly, individuals should raise their awareness of verifying information before sharing it. In conclusion, fighting against online rumors is not a task for a single group but a shared responsibility of the whole society. Only by working together can we create a clean and healthy online environment. 28.What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. The harm of online rumors and a related study result. B. The rapid spread of digital information online. C. Teenagers’ bad habit of spreading online rumors. D. The serious social problems caused by public health. 29.What is the central argument of the text? A. Social media platforms should remove false information. B. Joint efforts are required to deal with online rumors. C. Schools should teach students to think critically. D. Individuals should learn to verify online information. 答案与详解 第 28 题 答案：A 解析：本题为段落中心句提炼题（论点概括）。 第一段首句为中心句，直接提出核心论点：网络谣言危害严重（人们误信谣言引发社会问题）。 后文用 “公共卫生谣言引发恐慌” 举例论证危害，再用 “高校研究数据” 补充论据，说明青少年易无意识传谣的现状。 选项 A “网络谣言的危害及相关研究结果” 完美概括首句论点 + 后文论据，为正确答案。 干扰项分析： B：仅为背景铺垫（时代特征），非段落核心论点。 C：仅为研究结论（细节论据），片面，不能概括全段。 D：偷换概念，原文是 “公共卫生谣言”，非 “公共卫生” 本身，且偏离论点。 第 29 题 答案：B 解析：本题为全文中心论点提炼题（找全文主旨句）。 议论文结构：首段提问题（危害）→二段给对策（多方努力）→尾段总结论点（全社会共同责任）。 全文核心中心句为第二段首句（To address this issue, joint efforts are needed）和尾段首句（fighting against online rumors... a shared responsibility of the whole society），均指向 “需共同努力应对网络谣言”。 选项 B 精准匹配全文中心论点，为正确答案。 干扰项分析： A、C、D：分别为第二段中 “平台、学校、个人” 的具体分论点（论据），片面，不能概括全文核心。 【解题技巧】 解答议论文主旨、中心句类题目，可遵循固定解题思路。首先明确位置规律，段首、段尾句是段落中心句的高频位置，首尾段常出现全文核心论点。其次区分论点与论据，举例、数据、具体措施都属于论据，仅用来支撑观点，不能当作主旨。做题时，段落主旨需围绕段内核心观点整体概括，切勿只抓取局部细节。面对全文主旨题，要分清中心论点和分论点，文中分层提出的具体做法均为分论点，全文总起、总结句才是核心立意，筛选选项时优先选择概括性最强的答案。 【考法预测】 高考议论文主旨类题型仍会作为高频考点持续考查。题型上，依旧以段落主旨、全文中心论点两类单选为主，常结合社会热点、生活话题设题。命题侧重考查区分中心论点、分论点与论据的能力，多用事例、数据、具体举措作为干扰项。选材贴近现实，聚焦网络现象、社会生活、文化教育等主题。设问形式基本稳定，偶尔会变式考查作者态度、写作目的，解题核心仍是定位首尾关键句，选项侧重整体概括，片面细节选项大概率为干扰项。 重难02 识别驳论点 【真题再现】 2025 年全国 I 卷 Nowadays, many people hold the view that reading printed books is out of date. They claim digital reading is more convenient and portable, so physical books will gradually disappear. However, this opinion is totally one-sided. Printed books have unique advantages that digital products cannot replace. When reading paper books, people are less likely to be disturbed by pop-up messages. What’s more, the feel of turning pages helps readers stay focused and enjoy the pleasure of reading fully. A survey also shows that most people can remember knowledge better when reading printed books. In fact, digital and printed reading are not opposites. They serve different needs of readers. We can choose suitable ways according to different situations, instead of completely abandoning printed books. 28.What is the wrong opinion that the author argues against? A. Digital reading has many shortcomings. B. Printed books will fade away in the future. C. Two reading ways can exist side by side. D. Printed books bring people reading pleasure. 29.What is the main purpose of the second paragraph? A. To list advantages of printed books to refute the wrong view. B. To explain how digital reading influences our life. C. To show the popularity of modern digital reading. D. To compare different kinds of reading materials. 答案与详解 第 28 题 答案：B 解析：本题为识别驳论点题型。文章开篇先引出他人错误观点：有人认为纸质书已经过时，会逐步消失。转折词However标志作者开始反驳该观点。 选项 B “纸质书未来会逐渐消亡” 正是作者驳斥的核心看法，为正确答案。 干扰项分析： A：与原文相悖，文中并未提及电子阅读的缺点作为驳论核心。 C、D：均是作者支持的正面观点，并非被反驳的错误看法。 第 29 题 答案：A 解析：本题考查论据作用。第二段围绕纸质书的独有优势展开，从不易被打扰、更容易专注、记忆效果更好三个角度列举论据，目的是驳斥首段提出的错误观点。 干扰项分析： B、C：段落未围绕电子阅读展开论述，属于无中生有。 D：文章没有对各类阅读材料进行对比，表述错误。 【解题技巧】 解答议论文识别驳论点类题目，首先关注文章开篇，作者通常会先摆出大众或部分人的错误观点。留意however, but, yet等转折词，转折之后就是作者的反驳立场。做题时要分清被驳斥的观点、作者观点和支撑论据：事例、数据、优势分析等都是用来驳倒错误看法的论据。答题时准确定位被反驳的原观点，切勿把作者自身主张、论据当成驳论点。同时警惕偷换概念、无中生有的选项，优先选择和开篇错误表述完全对应的答案。 【考法预测】 今后命题趋势 驳论点识别是高考议论文阅读高频考点，命题形式将保持稳定，以细节理解、段落作用类单选题为主。选材多围绕生活观念、文化认知、学习方式等热议话题，贴近考生日常。命题常借助but、however等转折词设置考点，重点考查区分错误观点、作者立场与论证论据的能力。题干多直接提问被反驳的观点、段落论证目的，干扰项常混用作者观点、文中论据或曲解原文。未来还可能结合观点对比变式设题，整体难度适中，核心仍是依托逻辑词定位观点。 重难03 逻辑链条构建 【真题再现】 2025 年全国 I 卷 Many students feel that taking notes in class is a waste of time, for they think they can review learning materials directly after class. Actually, effective note-taking plays a vital role in study. Firstly, writing down key knowledge forces students to concentrate on teachers’ lectures and keep their minds from wandering. Secondly, sorting out information while taking notes helps students understand and digest knowledge in time. In addition, clear class notes serve as high-quality review materials before exams, greatly improving learning efficiency. Therefore, forming the habit of taking notes in class can steadily promote students’ academic performance. It is a simple but useful learning method worth sticking to. 28.What is the correct logical relationship in the passage? A. Wrong opinion → analysis of reasons → final conclusion B. Final conclusion → specific examples → wrong opinion C. Different views → data proof → comparison of methods D. Facts explanation → phenomenon description → summary 29.Why does the author think highly of note-taking? A. It helps students finish homework quickly. B. It benefits students’ concentration, understanding and review. C. It makes students spend less time on daily study. D. It helps students get high marks without review. 答案与详解 第 28 题 答案：A 解析：本题考查议论文逻辑链条梳理。文章先提出部分学生的错误观点，接着用三点理由分析记笔记的作用，最后总结全文、得出结论。整体行文逻辑为：错误观点→原因分析→最终结论，对应选项 A。 干扰项分析： B：逻辑顺序完全颠倒，文章并非先给出结论。 C：文中没有出现多方观点对比与数据佐证，表述错误。 D：全文并非围绕现象解读展开，不符合行文结构。 第 29 题 答案：B 解析：本题考查论据与论点的逻辑关联。第二段依次说明记笔记能让人集中注意力、及时理解知识、便于考前复习，这三点正是作者认可课堂记笔记的依据，选项 B 完整概括内容。 干扰项分析： A、C：文中未提及完成作业、减少学习时长，属于无中生有。 D：表述绝对且与原文相悖，记笔记仍需要配合复习。 【解题技巧】 梳理议论文逻辑链条，先要划分文章层次，理清段落间行文顺序。常见行文逻辑有：摆错误观点 — 分析论证 — 总结观点、提出论点 — 分层列举论据 — 得出结论等。做题时先定位首尾段，明确文章的总观点，再梳理中间段落的论据类型与作用。同时理清论点、论据、结论三者的关联，论据是用来支撑论点的，最终服务于文末总结。辨析选项时，核对逻辑先后顺序，排除顺序颠倒、无中生有的选项，结合文章内容判断段落功能，精准匹配行文脉络。 【考法预测】 今后命题趋势 议论文逻辑链条梳理会持续作为高考常考题型，多以行文顺序、段落作用、因果逻辑类单选命题。选材聚焦学习方法、生活态度、社会现象等贴近考生的话题。命题重点考查学生划分文本层次、理清论点、论据、结论之间关联的能力，常考查观点 — 论证 — 总结这类经典行文结构。干扰项多设置逻辑顺序颠倒、捏造行文环节等陷阱。除整体脉络考查外，还会变式考查句间、段间因果关系，解题仍需依托段落划分与内容梳理判断逻辑。 拔高・分层集训 基础演练 Passage 1 考点一：寻找中心句 2026 年全国I 卷地区名校联考真题 Now more and more teenagers choose to do part-time jobs in their spare time. Some people worry that part-time work will take up too much study time and affect students’ grades. However, properly arranged part-time jobs bring far more advantages than disadvantages. Working part-time helps teenagers step out of the campus and know more about the real world. They can learn to communicate with different people and improve their social skills. Besides, earning money by themselves makes them understand the value of labor and form a correct view of consumption. In short, part-time work is a valuable experience for growing teenagers. What is the main idea of the whole passage? A. Teenagers have plenty of spare time every day. B. Doing part-time jobs is beneficial to teenagers’ growth. C. Part-time jobs will influence students’ school performance. D. Teenagers are good at communicating with strangers. 答案与详解 答案：B 解析：本题考查全文中心句查找。议论文采用 “反向铺垫 — 提出观点 — 论据支撑 — 总结” 结构，首段转折句为全文中心论点：合理的兼职利大于弊。第二段从社交、价值观两方面列举论据，尾句再次总结观点。 干扰项分析：A 为无中生有；C 是他人担忧的片面观点，并非文章主旨；D 只是局部论据，不能概括全文。 Passage 2 2026 年高考质量检测真题 Reading aloud is a simple but useful learning method. Many students ignore this habit and only read silently when learning English. In fact, reading aloud can greatly improve your English level. When you read aloud, your eyes, mouth and ears work together, which helps you remember words and sentences more firmly. It also corrects your pronunciation and intonation naturally. What’s more, reading aloud creates a language atmosphere and makes you feel more confident in speaking English. All in all, we should keep the habit of reading aloud every day. What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. Many students like reading English silently. B. Reading aloud is an effective way to learn English. C. Students have different ways to learn English. D. It is difficult for students to develop good learning habits. 答案与详解 答案：B 解析：本题考查段落中心句查找。段落首句引出朗读这一学习方式，转折后In fact引导核心观点：大声朗读能有效提升英语水平，为本段中心句。 干扰项分析：A 只是背景细节；C、D 文中未提及，属于无中生有。 考点二：识别驳论点 Passage 1 2026 年全国 I 卷仿真预测真题 A lot of students believe that taking exercise is a waste of time. They think studying all day long can get better grades, so they refuse to do sports. But this idea is completely wrong. Regular exercise can relax our tired mind after long hours of study. It strengthens our body and makes us energetic enough to keep learning. Scientific research also proves that students who stick to exercise usually have higher learning efficiency. We should combine study with sports properly. What opinion does the author argue against? A. Exercise can make people full of energy. B. Students should combine study and sports. C. Doing sports takes up study time and is useless. D. Sports can improve students’ learning efficiency. 答案与详解 答案：C 解析：本题考查识别驳论点。文章开篇摆出部分学生的错误观点：运动浪费时间，转折词But之后作者开始反驳该观点。 干扰项分析：A、B、D 均是作者支持的正面观点，并非被驳斥的看法。 Passage 2 2026 届省级统一模考真题 Some parents think that children should not watch educational videos. They argue that videos will make kids rely on electronic products and lose interest in traditional books. However, educational videos are actually a good helper for children’s learning. Well-chosen educational videos combine pictures and sounds, making knowledge easy to understand. They can broaden children’s horizons and add fun to learning. As long as parents control the watching time, videos will do no harm to kids. What is the wrong view mentioned in the passage? A. Educational videos help kids learn knowledge easily. B. Watching videos will make children dislike paper books. C. Parents should limit children’s screen time strictly. D. Videos can enrich children’s life experience. 答案与详解 答案：B 解析：本题考查识别驳论点。首段直接引出家长的错误观点：看视频会让孩子失去对纸质书的兴趣，However标志反驳开始。 干扰项分析：A、D 是作者的正面观点；C 是补充建议，并非被驳斥的观点。 考点三：逻辑链条构建 Passage 1 2026 年高考综合能力测试真题 Nowadays, staying up late has become a common problem among young people. Staying up late does great harm to our physical health and daily study. First, lack of sleep will make people sleepy and unable to focus in class. Second, it weakens the immune system and makes us easy to fall ill. Besides, staying up late also affects our mood and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, we should form the habit of going to bed early and getting up early to keep healthy and efficient. What is the logical structure of the passage? A. Present a problem → analyze influences → put forward a suggestion B. Give a suggestion → list reasons → draw a conclusion C. Describe a phenomenon → compare different ideas → make a choice D. Raise a question → provide examples → explain answers 答案与详解 答案：A 解析：本题考查梳理文章逻辑链条。行文脉络：第一段提出 “熬夜” 这一普遍问题并点明危害；第二段分层分析熬夜带来的各类影响；第三段给出早睡早起的建议。整体逻辑为：提出问题→分析影响→给出建议。 干扰项分析：B、C、D 逻辑顺序与段落内容完全不符。 Passage 2 2026 年高考压轴模拟真题 Learning to manage time is very important for middle school students. Good time management helps us arrange study and life reasonably. If you make a daily plan, you will know what to do first and avoid being busy in disorder. Setting clear time limits for tasks can also stop you from wasting time on useless things. With proper time management, you can finish tasks ahead of time and have more time for hobbies. In a word, mastering time management skills will bring you a lot of benefits. What is the correct logical chain of the text? A. Conclusion → facts explanation → different opinions B. Put forward a viewpoint → list supporting reasons → summarize again C. Introduce a story → analyze the story → get a lesson D. Show a survey → discuss data → draw a conclusion 答案与详解 答案：B 解析：本题考查逻辑链条构建。文章结构：首段提出核心观点 —— 时间管理很重要；第二段列举三点理由论证观点；尾段再次总结、重申主旨。逻辑为：提出观点→列举论据→总结观点。 干扰项分析：A 顺序颠倒；C 属于记叙文结构；D 文中无调查与数据，均排除。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $