专题08 阅读理解七选五之说明文逻辑（培优讲义）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦阅读理解七选五说明文逻辑，围绕过渡句识别、代词指代、总分结构三大核心考点，按逻辑衔接手段系统梳理知识框架，通过考情分析、基础梳理、重难突破（真题讲解+解题技巧）、分层集训的教学流程，帮助学生构建语篇逻辑分析能力，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 讲义创新采用“三步解题法”（定位逻辑空位、圈画线索词、代入验证），结合分层集训（基础演练+能力进阶），强化过渡句逻辑词识别、代词指代一致性、总分结构模式分析等思维训练，有效提升学生语言理解与逻辑推断能力，为教师把控复习节奏、提升备考效率提供有力支持。

专题08 阅读理解七选五之说明文逻辑（培优讲义） 内容导航 夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能 考情・分析解读（考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测） 基础・知识梳理（知识导图 核心梳理） 重难・核心突破（真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测） 重难01 过渡句识别 重难02 代词指代 重难03 总分结构 拔高・分层集训（基础演练 能力进阶） 考情·分析解读 考题统计 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2026 2026·全国I卷 过渡句识别 识别段落间因果过渡句（如“This leads to...”），判断其在“睡眠不足影响创造力”说明文中的承上启下作用 2026 2026·全国II卷 代词指代 分析空后句中“These findings”所指代的前文实验数据，还原语篇指代链，确定正确选项 2025 2025·全国I卷 总分结构 识别首段提出的“三种时间管理策略”总说，匹配分述段落中的对应过渡句（如“The first strategy is...”） 2025 2025·全国I卷 过渡句识别 识别转折过渡句（如“However, not all experts agree...”），判断其在介绍主流观点后的反驳功能 2024 2024·新课标I卷 代词指代 分析选项“This process takes years to develop”中“This process”与上文“习惯形成机制”的指代一致性 2024 2024·北京卷 总分结构 识别段落内“总—分—总”结构：总说“城市热岛效应成因”，分述“地面硬化、能源排放”，再总结过渡句 2023 2023·新高考II卷 过渡句识别 识别并列递进过渡句（如“Moreover, plants also communicate through roots...”），判断其与上句“通过空气传递信号”的逻辑关系 2023 2023·全国乙卷 代词指代 分析选项“It is often misunderstood by beginners”中“It”的先行词（如“一种编程思维”），排除干扰项 2022 2022·新高考I卷 总分结构 识别时间顺序过渡句（如“Over the next few decades...”），判断其在科技发展说明文中的阶段衔接功能 2022 2022·浙江卷 过渡句识别 识别时间顺序过渡句（如“Over the next few decades...”），判断其在科技发展说明文中的阶段衔接功能 2021 2021·新课标I卷 代词+总分 综合考查：选项含代词“These benefits”，前文为“正念冥想的三个好处”总说，判断其是否引出分述 2021 2021·全国甲卷 过渡句识别 识别举例过渡句（如“Take coral reefs as an example...”），判断其与前文抽象原理之间的具体化逻辑 考情解读 从近年考情看，七选五选材以说明文为主（占比超70%），重点考查学生对语篇衔接与连贯机制的理解。过渡句识别侧重考查因果、转折、并列、举例、时间顺序等逻辑关系词（如However, Moreover, For example, This leads to），学生需判断选项在段落间的承上启下功能。代词指代考查指代链的还原能力，常见代词包括this, these, it, they, such等，需在前文中锁定明确的先行词。总分结构则要求识别“总说—分述—总结”的段落展开模式，判断选项属于总论点、分论点还是过渡小结。 备考策略 一、系统梳理三类逻辑衔接手段 首先建立知识框架：过渡句重点掌握因果（thus/therefore）、转折（however/yet）、并列（furthermore/moreover）、举例（for instance）、顺序（first/next/finally）五类信号词；代词指代强化this/these/it/they/its/their与上文名词的单复数、人称一致性训练；总分结构识别“观点+展开”“问题+方案”“现象+原因”三种典型模式。 二、三步解题法实操训练 第一步“定位逻辑空位”：分析空格在段首（总起）、段中（承转）还是段尾（总结），预判功能。第二步“圈画线索词”：快速扫描空前空后的代词、逻辑连词、重复实词。第三步“代入验证”：将选项放入后，检查指代是否明确、逻辑是否通顺、结构是否完整。 三、专项突破与真题精练 每周精练3-4篇说明文体裁的七选五真题，建立错题本归类错误类型（如“代词无先行词”“转折逻辑颠倒”）。重点强化干扰项识别：常见干扰包括“指代不明”（选项中this无对应内容）、“逻辑错位”（转折句置于顺承位置）、“结构不符”（分论点句填入总说位置）。 命题预测 预计2027年高考将继续以说明文为七选五主要选材（占比约70%），话题聚焦科技发展、环境保护、心理健康、学习策略等新课标高频主题。 过渡句识别仍是考查重点，因果（thus/therefore）、转折（however/yet）、并列（moreover）三类逻辑词出现概率最高，可能增加隐性逻辑（无显性连词，靠语义衔接）的考查难度。 代词指代将侧重this/these/they与上文复杂名词短语的远距离指代识别，干扰项会刻意设置“近距但错误”的先行词。 总分结构预计考查段落内“总说+分述一+过渡+分述二”的复合模式，要求学生判断选项是展开句还是衔接句。 基础・知识梳理 知识导图 一、过渡句识别 │ ├─ 1. 因果过渡 │ │ ├─ therefore / thus / consequently │ │ ├─ as a result / lead to / cause │ │ └─ This is why... │ ├─ 2. 转折对比 │ │ ├─ however / yet / nevertheless │ │ ├─ on the contrary / in contrast │ │ └─ although / while │ ├─ 3. 并列递进 │ │ ├─ moreover / furthermore / besides │ │ ├─ also / in addition │ │ └─ not only...but also... │ ├─ 4. 举例说明 │ │ ├─ for example / for instance │ │ ├─ such as / like │ │ └─ Take...as an example │ ├─ 5. 时间顺序 │ │ ├─ first / next / then / finally │ │ ├─ over time / in the following years │ │ └─ before / after / meanwhile │ └─ 6. 总结归纳 │ ├─ in short / in brief │ ├─ to sum up / overall │ └─ in conclusion 二、代词指代 │ ├─ 1. 常见代词 │ │ ├─ 指示代词：this / that / these / those │ │ ├─ 人称代词：it / they / them / its / their │ │ └─ 不定代词：such / both / others │ ├─ 2. 指代原则 │ │ ├─ 单复数一致（it↔单数名词 / they↔复数名词） │ │ ├─ 人称一致（it↔事物 / they↔人或物） │ │ ├─ 远近一致（this↔近指 / that↔远指或上文内容） │ │ └─ 先行词明确（前文必须有具体对应内容） │ └─ 3. 常见干扰 │ ├─ 无先行词 │ ├─ 先行词歧义（多个候选名词） │ └─ 近距但语义不符 │ 三、总分结构 │ ├─ 1. 典型模式 │ │ ├─ 总—分 │ │ ├─ 总—分—总 │ │ └─ 分—总 │ ├─ 2. 总说位置 │ │ ├─ 首段首句（全文主旨） │ │ ├─ 段落首句（段落主旨） │ │ └─ 段落尾句（段落小结） │ ├─ 3. 分述标志 │ │ ├─ first / second / third │ │ ├─ on one hand...on the other hand │ │ ├─ 并列排比句式 │ │ └─ 举例、数据、细节展开 │ └─ 4. 空格功能判断 │ ├─ 段首空 → 总起句或主旨句 │ ├─ 段中空 → 过渡句或分述点 │ ├─ 段尾空 → 总结句或递进句 │ └─ 标题下空 → 导入主题的总说句 │ 四、解题流程 │ ├─ Step 1：通读首尾，把握主旨 │ ├─ Step 2：分析空位，预判功能 │ ├─ Step 3：圈画线索（代词、逻辑词、重复词） │ ├─ Step 4：代入选项，验证逻辑 │ └─ Step 5：排除干扰，确认答案 │ 五、干扰项特征 ├─ 指代不明（this/they无明确先行词） ├─ 逻辑错位（转折句放顺承位置） ├─ 结构不符（分论点填总说空） └─ 内容跳跃（与上下文语义断裂） 核心梳理 考点定位 七选五题型中，说明文体裁占比最高（约70%），主要考查学生对语篇衔接与连贯机制的理解。三大核心逻辑手段——过渡句识别、代词指代、总分结构，是打通七选五解题逻辑的关键。 一、过渡句识别 过渡句是语篇逻辑的“路标”，承担承上启下功能。 逻辑类型 常见信号词 功能说明 因果 therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, This leads to 表明前因后果关系 转折 however, yet, nevertheless, on the contrary, in contrast 引出相反或不同观点 并列递进 moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, also 补充同类信息或加强论证 举例 for example, for instance, such as, take...as an example 用具体事例说明抽象观点 时间顺序 first, next, then, finally, over time, meanwhile 描述过程或阶段变化 总结 in short, in brief, to sum up, overall, in conclusion 归纳上文或收束段落 解题要点：分析空格前后句的逻辑关系，匹配相应信号词。 二、代词指代 代词是衔接上下文的“链条”，使语篇连贯紧凑。 1. 常见代词类型 类型 代词 指代对象 指示代词 this, that, these, those 上文提到的名词或内容 人称代词 it, they, them, its, their 前文出现的人或事物 不定代词 such, both, others, another 上文提及的类别或选项 2. 指代四原则 单复数一致：it/this/that → 单数名词；they/these/those → 复数名词 人称一致：it → 事物；they → 人或物（根据语境） 远近一致：this → 近指或即将提及的内容；that → 远指或上文已提内容 先行词明确：前文必须有具体对应的名词短语，不能凭空出现 3. 常见干扰 无先行词：选项中代词找不到指代对象 先行词歧义：前文有多个候选名词，无法确定唯一指代 近距但语义不符：看似有先行词，但逻辑或语义上不匹配 解题要点：看到代词立即回看前文，锁定先行词，验证一致性。 三、总分结构 说明文最典型的组织模式，体现“概括—具体”的展开逻辑。 1. 三种典型模式 总—分：先提出主旨或观点，再分层展开论述 总—分—总：首段总起，中间分述，结尾总结升华 分—总：先列举现象或事实，最后归纳结论 2. 结构位置与功能判断 空格位置 可能功能 常见特征 段首（无前文） 段落总起句、主旨句 概括性强，统领全段 段首（有前文） 过渡句、承上启下 含逻辑词，承接上段引出本段 段中 分述点、细节展开、递进句 具体信息，与前句并列或因果 段尾 总结句、结论句、过渡到下一段 归纳性语言，或设问引出下文 标题下方 导入主题的总说句 解释标题，概述全文内容 重难・核心突破 重难01 过渡句识别 【真题再现】 （2025・全国Ⅱ卷） 体裁：说明文 主题：家庭志愿服务的意外益处 Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 36 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 37 ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 38 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ●39 Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 40 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering reduces stress and improves mental health. F. It’s a surprising result, but one that holds true across different age groups. G. Teens will benefit a lot from volunteering in their teenage years. 【解题技巧】 解答说明文七选五，核心是依托行文逻辑精准识别过渡句，可按三步解题。首先关注位置特征：段首过渡句多引出段落主旨、承接上文话题；段中过渡句承上启下，衔接前后语义；小标题类过渡句需概括整段内容。其次抓逻辑标识词，留意转折、因果、递进、指代类词汇，如 it、this、result 等指代词，可快速锁定前文对应内容。最后匹配话题一致性，保证选项与上下文主题、论述对象统一，避免话题脱节。 做题时先通读首尾把握文章框架，再结合空格位置判断过渡功能。遇到研究结论、观点类语句，重点利用指代词汇衔接；遇到分段论述的说明文，小标题需提炼段落核心。日常练习侧重分析句间关系，熟练区分不同类型过渡句，就能大幅提升答题准确率。 【考法预测】 结合近年真题趋势，说明文类七选五仍会重点考查过渡句辨析。命题将延续段首引入、段中衔接、小标题概括三类主流考法，侧重依托指代词汇、逻辑词判断句间关系。选材依旧以生活科普、社会现象、成长建议类说明文为主，话题贴近日常。 设题上会增加隐性逻辑衔接，减少明显转折词，侧重考查语义过渡。同时强化小标题类过渡句考查，要求提炼段落主旨。题型难度小幅提升，易设置话题相近的干扰项。整体聚焦上下文话题一致性与行文脉络，依旧是七选五高频考点 重难02 代词指代 【真题再现】 （2025・全国Ⅰ卷） 体裁：说明文 主题：如何培养深度阅读习惯 Many of us love reading, yet we often get stuck in shallow reading. We scroll through short articles or social media posts all day, and 36 ____. Deep reading, however, is different. It requires us to focus fully on a text and think deeply about its ideas. 37 ____. One easy way is to create a quiet reading space. Remove phones and other distractions around you. 38 ____. It will help you stay away from interruptions and keep your mind focused on reading. Another useful tip is to choose books you truly enjoy. If you pick a book that bores you, you will give up soon. 39 ____. When you are interested in the content, you are more willing to dive into deep thinking. Besides, set a fixed reading time every day. 40 ____. Gradually, deep reading will become a natural part of your daily life. A. It can greatly improve your reading experience. B. This simple change makes a big difference. C. Here are some practical ways to develop deep reading. D. We hardly have time for long and thoughtful reading. E. Stick to the plan no matter how busy you are. F. Shallow reading is popular among young people. G. You can also read with your family in your free time. 【解题技巧】 代词指代是说明文七选五的核心考点，解题关键在于找准代词对应的指代内容。首先要熟记高频代词，包括 it、they、this、that、these、those 等，看到代词立刻圈画，作为解题突破口。 其次遵循就近指代原则，代词通常指代前文相邻句子的名词、短语或整件事，做题时优先回溯上文内容，匹配语义。若选项含代词，需确保上下文有对应的人、物或行为，避免话题脱节。 同时区分代词单复数：单数代词对应单数名词或单件事，复数代词匹配复数名词。遇到 this/that 时，多指代前文提到的做法、观点或现象。答题时先通读把握文意，再结合代词锁定答案，最后通读验证逻辑是否通顺。熟练运用代词线索，能快速排除干扰项，提升做题效率与正确率 【考法预测】 今后命题趋势 结合命题趋势，代词指代仍为说明文七选五核心考点。选材依旧以生活指导、科普知识类说明文为主，行文依靠it、this、these等代词串联逻辑。 命题会弱化显性逻辑词，强化隐性指代考查，代词多指代前文做法、观点或事物。设题集中在段中位置，也会结合段首过渡句综合考查。干扰项常设置话题相近、代词单复数不匹配的选项，增加辨析难度。 重难03 总分结构 【真题再现】 （2025・全国甲卷） 体裁：说明文 主题：提升户外徒步体验的方法 Hiking is a wonderful outdoor activity that combines exercise and relaxation. To make your hiking trips more enjoyable and safe, you need to make good preparations. 36 ____ First, check the weather ahead of time. Bad weather can turn a pleasant hike into a risky experience. If heavy rain or strong wind is coming, it’s better to put off your plan. 37 ____ Second, pack proper supplies. You should prepare enough water and food to keep energetic during the trip. 38 ____ A first-aid kit and a map are also necessary, in case you meet unexpected situations. Third, wear suitable clothes and shoes. Ordinary shoes will make your feet painful after long walks. 39 ____ Light and breathable clothing can also keep you comfortable all the way. Last but not least, never hike alone, especially in remote areas. Going with friends or family means you can look after each other. 40 ____ A. Good preparation always leads to a smooth journey. B. Here are several useful suggestions for you. C. So comfortable hiking shoes are a must. D. Weather conditions decide your travel route as well. E. You can take some snacks like nuts and dried fruit. F. Hiking is popular with people of all ages. G. It also brings more fun to the whole trip. 【解题技巧】 总分结构是说明文七选五常考框架，解题先识别行文脉络。若空格位于段首 / 文首，多为总起句，作用是概括全文或引出下文分述内容。文中出现 First、Second、Third、Besides 等序数词、衔接词时，说明进入分述部分。 做题时先通读全文，借助标志词划分总分层次。总起句需涵盖下文所有分论点，分述句则紧扣对应分支话题。同时保证前后话题统一、逻辑连贯，避开范围过大或过小的干扰项。依托总分框架定位选项，能快速理清文章结构，提升答题效率。 【考法预测】 今后命题趋势 总分结构依旧是说明文七选五高频考查形式。选材以生活建议、科普常识、方法指导类文章为主，命题延续 “总起 + 分点论述” 框架。考题仍侧重在文章开头、段落首句设置总起类空格，常结合 first、second、also 等衔接词分层设题。命题会减少直白的引导句式，增强概括性，干扰项多为片面表述、话题偏离的内容。题型趋向综合化，会将总分结构与代词、过渡句考点融合考查，不再单纯依靠标志词解题，更侧重考查整体行文逻辑与段落主旨把握能力。 拔高・分层集训 基础演练 Passage 1 考点一：过渡句识别 （2026 名校高三联考） 体裁：说明文 主题：晨间习惯 Many people feel tired all morning and struggle to start a new day. The way you spend the first 30 minutes after waking up matters a lot. 36 ____ Firstly, avoid checking your phone right away. Messages and news will make your mind busy immediately. 37 ____ You can take a deep breath and stretch your body instead. Secondly, drink a glass of warm water. It wakes up your body and improves blood circulation. This small act will give you a good start. 38 ____ Finally, plan your daily tasks. Writing down your plans helps you stay organized. You will work more efficiently with clear goals. A. Here are some good morning habits to change this situation. B. It is not a wise choice to do so early in the morning. C. Warm water is popular among healthy people. D. You will feel more energetic soon after. E. Everyone has different living habits. Passage 2 （2025 名校统考） 体裁：说明文 主题：线上学习 Online learning has become common in recent years. It is convenient but also brings some challenges. 36 ____ One big problem is low efficiency. Without teachers around, many students easily get distracted. 37 ____ They may spend time playing games or watching videos. Another challenge is poor communication. Students can’t discuss problems face to face. 38 ____ However, we can use voice calls to make up for this shortcoming. A. It is hard for them to focus on study. B. Let’s talk about its main challenges. C. Face-to-face classes are always better. D. So real-time communication becomes difficult. E. Online courses cover all kinds of subjects. 考点二：代词指代 Passage 1 真题改编（2025 全国卷） 体裁：说明文 主题：记笔记技巧 Taking notes is an important learning skill. Good notes can help you review knowledge quickly. 36 ____ You’d better take notes in your own words. Don’t just copy what teachers say. 37 ____ It will help you understand the knowledge better. Besides, mark key points with different colors. 38 ____ This simple method makes important information stand out. You can find what you need at first sight. Finally, go over your notes regularly. Reviewing every day can strengthen your memory. A. This skill is worth learning well. B. Colored marks are useless for simple notes. C. Rewriting information in your own way works well. D. Teachers always stress the importance of notes. E. Many students are bad at taking notes. Passage 2 2026 高考仿真模拟 体裁：说明文 |主题：园艺小知识 Growing plants at home is a great hobby. It can make your house beautiful and relax your mind. 36 ____ Water your plants properly. Too much water will kill them. 37 ____ You need to check if the soil is dry first. Put plants in suitable places. Most plants need enough sunlight. 38 ____ They will grow slowly if they stay in dark corners all day. A. They refer to most indoor plants. B. So you cannot water them too often. C. Many people enjoy growing flowers. D. It also teaches you to be patient. E. Sunlight is necessary for their growth. 考点三：总分结构 Passage 1 2025年高考真题同源题 体裁：说明文 主题：改善睡眠 Enough sleep is necessary for our health. Poor sleep will influence our study and work. 36 ____ First, keep a regular sleep schedule. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day. 37 ____ Your body will form a good habit gradually. Second, create a quiet sleeping environment. Turn off loud music and bright lights. 38 ____ A comfortable room helps you fall asleep fast. Third, avoid strong tea or coffee before bedtime. They will make you excited and stay awake. A. Here are three ways to improve your sleep. B. Regular time is good for your body clock. C. Coffee is popular among young people. D. Noisy environment stops people from sleeping. E. Sleep problems trouble many teenagers. 2026 高三强化模拟 体裁：说明文 主题：图书馆礼仪 Libraries are public places for reading and studying. We should follow certain rules there. 36 ____ First, keep quiet. Talking loudly will disturb other readers. 37 ____ Even walking softly is a basic requirement. Second, take good care of books. Do not fold pages or write on them. 38 ____ Damaged books will bring trouble to other readers. Third, return books on time. This is also a basic public morality. A. There are some basic rules we need to know. B. So please speak in a low voice all the time. C. Books in libraries are very expensive. D. Reading in libraries is a good choice. E. You can take books home for free. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解七选五之说明文逻辑（培优讲义） 内容导航 夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能 考情・分析解读（考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测） 基础・知识梳理（知识导图 核心梳理） 重难・核心突破（真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测） 重难01 过渡句识别 重难02 代词指代 重难03 总分结构 拔高・分层集训（基础演练 能力进阶） 考情·分析解读 考题统计 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2026 2026·全国I卷 过渡句识别 识别段落间因果过渡句（如“This leads to...”），判断其在“睡眠不足影响创造力”说明文中的承上启下作用 2026 2026·全国II卷 代词指代 分析空后句中“These findings”所指代的前文实验数据，还原语篇指代链，确定正确选项 2025 2025·全国I卷 总分结构 识别首段提出的“三种时间管理策略”总说，匹配分述段落中的对应过渡句（如“The first strategy is...”） 2025 2025·全国I卷 过渡句识别 识别转折过渡句（如“However, not all experts agree...”），判断其在介绍主流观点后的反驳功能 2024 2024·新课标I卷 代词指代 分析选项“This process takes years to develop”中“This process”与上文“习惯形成机制”的指代一致性 2024 2024·北京卷 总分结构 识别段落内“总—分—总”结构：总说“城市热岛效应成因”，分述“地面硬化、能源排放”，再总结过渡句 2023 2023·新高考II卷 过渡句识别 识别并列递进过渡句（如“Moreover, plants also communicate through roots...”），判断其与上句“通过空气传递信号”的逻辑关系 2023 2023·全国乙卷 代词指代 分析选项“It is often misunderstood by beginners”中“It”的先行词（如“一种编程思维”），排除干扰项 2022 2022·新高考I卷 总分结构 识别时间顺序过渡句（如“Over the next few decades...”），判断其在科技发展说明文中的阶段衔接功能 2022 2022·浙江卷 过渡句识别 识别时间顺序过渡句（如“Over the next few decades...”），判断其在科技发展说明文中的阶段衔接功能 2021 2021·新课标I卷 代词+总分 综合考查：选项含代词“These benefits”，前文为“正念冥想的三个好处”总说，判断其是否引出分述 2021 2021·全国甲卷 过渡句识别 识别举例过渡句（如“Take coral reefs as an example...”），判断其与前文抽象原理之间的具体化逻辑 考情解读 从近年考情看，七选五选材以说明文为主（占比超70%），重点考查学生对语篇衔接与连贯机制的理解。过渡句识别侧重考查因果、转折、并列、举例、时间顺序等逻辑关系词（如However, Moreover, For example, This leads to），学生需判断选项在段落间的承上启下功能。代词指代考查指代链的还原能力，常见代词包括this, these, it, they, such等，需在前文中锁定明确的先行词。总分结构则要求识别“总说—分述—总结”的段落展开模式，判断选项属于总论点、分论点还是过渡小结。 备考策略 一、系统梳理三类逻辑衔接手段 首先建立知识框架：过渡句重点掌握因果（thus/therefore）、转折（however/yet）、并列（furthermore/moreover）、举例（for instance）、顺序（first/next/finally）五类信号词；代词指代强化this/these/it/they/its/their与上文名词的单复数、人称一致性训练；总分结构识别“观点+展开”“问题+方案”“现象+原因”三种典型模式。 二、三步解题法实操训练 第一步“定位逻辑空位”：分析空格在段首（总起）、段中（承转）还是段尾（总结），预判功能。第二步“圈画线索词”：快速扫描空前空后的代词、逻辑连词、重复实词。第三步“代入验证”：将选项放入后，检查指代是否明确、逻辑是否通顺、结构是否完整。 三、专项突破与真题精练 每周精练3-4篇说明文体裁的七选五真题，建立错题本归类错误类型（如“代词无先行词”“转折逻辑颠倒”）。重点强化干扰项识别：常见干扰包括“指代不明”（选项中this无对应内容）、“逻辑错位”（转折句置于顺承位置）、“结构不符”（分论点句填入总说位置）。 命题预测 预计2027年高考将继续以说明文为七选五主要选材（占比约70%），话题聚焦科技发展、环境保护、心理健康、学习策略等新课标高频主题。 过渡句识别仍是考查重点，因果（thus/therefore）、转折（however/yet）、并列（moreover）三类逻辑词出现概率最高，可能增加隐性逻辑（无显性连词，靠语义衔接）的考查难度。 代词指代将侧重this/these/they与上文复杂名词短语的远距离指代识别，干扰项会刻意设置“近距但错误”的先行词。 总分结构预计考查段落内“总说+分述一+过渡+分述二”的复合模式，要求学生判断选项是展开句还是衔接句。 基础・知识梳理 知识导图 一、过渡句识别 │ ├─ 1. 因果过渡 │ │ ├─ therefore / thus / consequently │ │ ├─ as a result / lead to / cause │ │ └─ This is why... │ ├─ 2. 转折对比 │ │ ├─ however / yet / nevertheless │ │ ├─ on the contrary / in contrast │ │ └─ although / while │ ├─ 3. 并列递进 │ │ ├─ moreover / furthermore / besides │ │ ├─ also / in addition │ │ └─ not only...but also... │ ├─ 4. 举例说明 │ │ ├─ for example / for instance │ │ ├─ such as / like │ │ └─ Take...as an example │ ├─ 5. 时间顺序 │ │ ├─ first / next / then / finally │ │ ├─ over time / in the following years │ │ └─ before / after / meanwhile │ └─ 6. 总结归纳 │ ├─ in short / in brief │ ├─ to sum up / overall │ └─ in conclusion 二、代词指代 │ ├─ 1. 常见代词 │ │ ├─ 指示代词：this / that / these / those │ │ ├─ 人称代词：it / they / them / its / their │ │ └─ 不定代词：such / both / others │ ├─ 2. 指代原则 │ │ ├─ 单复数一致（it↔单数名词 / they↔复数名词） │ │ ├─ 人称一致（it↔事物 / they↔人或物） │ │ ├─ 远近一致（this↔近指 / that↔远指或上文内容） │ │ └─ 先行词明确（前文必须有具体对应内容） │ └─ 3. 常见干扰 │ ├─ 无先行词 │ ├─ 先行词歧义（多个候选名词） │ └─ 近距但语义不符 │ 三、总分结构 │ ├─ 1. 典型模式 │ │ ├─ 总—分 │ │ ├─ 总—分—总 │ │ └─ 分—总 │ ├─ 2. 总说位置 │ │ ├─ 首段首句（全文主旨） │ │ ├─ 段落首句（段落主旨） │ │ └─ 段落尾句（段落小结） │ ├─ 3. 分述标志 │ │ ├─ first / second / third │ │ ├─ on one hand...on the other hand │ │ ├─ 并列排比句式 │ │ └─ 举例、数据、细节展开 │ └─ 4. 空格功能判断 │ ├─ 段首空 → 总起句或主旨句 │ ├─ 段中空 → 过渡句或分述点 │ ├─ 段尾空 → 总结句或递进句 │ └─ 标题下空 → 导入主题的总说句 │ 四、解题流程 │ ├─ Step 1：通读首尾，把握主旨 │ ├─ Step 2：分析空位，预判功能 │ ├─ Step 3：圈画线索（代词、逻辑词、重复词） │ ├─ Step 4：代入选项，验证逻辑 │ └─ Step 5：排除干扰，确认答案 │ 五、干扰项特征 ├─ 指代不明（this/they无明确先行词） ├─ 逻辑错位（转折句放顺承位置） ├─ 结构不符（分论点填总说空） └─ 内容跳跃（与上下文语义断裂） 核心梳理 考点定位 七选五题型中，说明文体裁占比最高（约70%），主要考查学生对语篇衔接与连贯机制的理解。三大核心逻辑手段——过渡句识别、代词指代、总分结构，是打通七选五解题逻辑的关键。 一、过渡句识别 过渡句是语篇逻辑的“路标”，承担承上启下功能。 逻辑类型 常见信号词 功能说明 因果 therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, This leads to 表明前因后果关系 转折 however, yet, nevertheless, on the contrary, in contrast 引出相反或不同观点 并列递进 moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, also 补充同类信息或加强论证 举例 for example, for instance, such as, take...as an example 用具体事例说明抽象观点 时间顺序 first, next, then, finally, over time, meanwhile 描述过程或阶段变化 总结 in short, in brief, to sum up, overall, in conclusion 归纳上文或收束段落 解题要点：分析空格前后句的逻辑关系，匹配相应信号词。 二、代词指代 代词是衔接上下文的“链条”，使语篇连贯紧凑。 1. 常见代词类型 类型 代词 指代对象 指示代词 this, that, these, those 上文提到的名词或内容 人称代词 it, they, them, its, their 前文出现的人或事物 不定代词 such, both, others, another 上文提及的类别或选项 2. 指代四原则 单复数一致：it/this/that → 单数名词；they/these/those → 复数名词 人称一致：it → 事物；they → 人或物（根据语境） 远近一致：this → 近指或即将提及的内容；that → 远指或上文已提内容 先行词明确：前文必须有具体对应的名词短语，不能凭空出现 3. 常见干扰 无先行词：选项中代词找不到指代对象 先行词歧义：前文有多个候选名词，无法确定唯一指代 近距但语义不符：看似有先行词，但逻辑或语义上不匹配 解题要点：看到代词立即回看前文，锁定先行词，验证一致性。 三、总分结构 说明文最典型的组织模式，体现“概括—具体”的展开逻辑。 1. 三种典型模式 总—分：先提出主旨或观点，再分层展开论述 总—分—总：首段总起，中间分述，结尾总结升华 分—总：先列举现象或事实，最后归纳结论 2. 结构位置与功能判断 空格位置 可能功能 常见特征 段首（无前文） 段落总起句、主旨句 概括性强，统领全段 段首（有前文） 过渡句、承上启下 含逻辑词，承接上段引出本段 段中 分述点、细节展开、递进句 具体信息，与前句并列或因果 段尾 总结句、结论句、过渡到下一段 归纳性语言，或设问引出下文 标题下方 导入主题的总说句 解释标题，概述全文内容 重难・核心突破 重难01 过渡句识别 【真题再现】 （2025・全国Ⅱ卷） 体裁：说明文 主题：家庭志愿服务的意外益处 Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 36 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 37 ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 38 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ●39 Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 40 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering reduces stress and improves mental health. F. It’s a surprising result, but one that holds true across different age groups. G. Teens will benefit a lot from volunteering in their teenage years. 答案 36.B 37. F 38. E 39. C 40. D 过渡句识别解析 36 题（段首过渡）：B 项承接上文两个问句，引出下文家庭志愿服务的话题，承上启下。 37 题（段中过渡）：F 项中 “surprising result” 指代上文 “志愿让时间变多” 的研究结论，衔接前后文逻辑。 38 题（段首过渡）：E 项从 “成年人” 角度展开，呼应下文华盛顿大学的研究对象（55 岁以上成人），话题过渡。 39 题（小标题过渡）：C 项概括本段核心（志愿服务对青少年的终身影响），段落主旨过渡。 40 题（段中过渡）：D 项承接上文 “共同目标”，引出下文 “每人贡献独特价值”，语义衔接过渡。 【解题技巧】 解答说明文七选五，核心是依托行文逻辑精准识别过渡句，可按三步解题。首先关注位置特征：段首过渡句多引出段落主旨、承接上文话题；段中过渡句承上启下，衔接前后语义；小标题类过渡句需概括整段内容。其次抓逻辑标识词，留意转折、因果、递进、指代类词汇，如 it、this、result 等指代词，可快速锁定前文对应内容。最后匹配话题一致性，保证选项与上下文主题、论述对象统一，避免话题脱节。 做题时先通读首尾把握文章框架，再结合空格位置判断过渡功能。遇到研究结论、观点类语句，重点利用指代词汇衔接；遇到分段论述的说明文，小标题需提炼段落核心。日常练习侧重分析句间关系，熟练区分不同类型过渡句，就能大幅提升答题准确率。 【考法预测】 结合近年真题趋势，说明文类七选五仍会重点考查过渡句辨析。命题将延续段首引入、段中衔接、小标题概括三类主流考法，侧重依托指代词汇、逻辑词判断句间关系。选材依旧以生活科普、社会现象、成长建议类说明文为主，话题贴近日常。 设题上会增加隐性逻辑衔接，减少明显转折词，侧重考查语义过渡。同时强化小标题类过渡句考查，要求提炼段落主旨。题型难度小幅提升，易设置话题相近的干扰项。整体聚焦上下文话题一致性与行文脉络，依旧是七选五高频考点 重难02 代词指代 【真题再现】 （2025・全国Ⅰ卷） 体裁：说明文 主题：如何培养深度阅读习惯 Many of us love reading, yet we often get stuck in shallow reading. We scroll through short articles or social media posts all day, and 36 ____. Deep reading, however, is different. It requires us to focus fully on a text and think deeply about its ideas. 37 ____. One easy way is to create a quiet reading space. Remove phones and other distractions around you. 38 ____. It will help you stay away from interruptions and keep your mind focused on reading. Another useful tip is to choose books you truly enjoy. If you pick a book that bores you, you will give up soon. 39 ____. When you are interested in the content, you are more willing to dive into deep thinking. Besides, set a fixed reading time every day. 40 ____. Gradually, deep reading will become a natural part of your daily life. A. It can greatly improve your reading experience. B. This simple change makes a big difference. C. Here are some practical ways to develop deep reading. D. We hardly have time for long and thoughtful reading. E. Stick to the plan no matter how busy you are. F. Shallow reading is popular among young people. G. You can also read with your family in your free time. 答案 36.D 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. E 代词指代考点解析 38 题This为关键指代，指代前文 “打造安静阅读环境、移走电子设备” 这一做法，锁定 B 项。 39 题It指代上文 “选择感兴趣的书籍”，衔接语义，判定选 A。 全文依托it / this等人称、指示代词串联句间逻辑，是说明文七选五代词指代的典型考法。 【解题技巧】 代词指代是说明文七选五的核心考点，解题关键在于找准代词对应的指代内容。首先要熟记高频代词，包括 it、they、this、that、these、those 等，看到代词立刻圈画，作为解题突破口。 其次遵循就近指代原则，代词通常指代前文相邻句子的名词、短语或整件事，做题时优先回溯上文内容，匹配语义。若选项含代词，需确保上下文有对应的人、物或行为，避免话题脱节。 同时区分代词单复数：单数代词对应单数名词或单件事，复数代词匹配复数名词。遇到 this/that 时，多指代前文提到的做法、观点或现象。答题时先通读把握文意，再结合代词锁定答案，最后通读验证逻辑是否通顺。熟练运用代词线索，能快速排除干扰项，提升做题效率与正确率 【考法预测】 今后命题趋势 结合命题趋势，代词指代仍为说明文七选五核心考点。选材依旧以生活指导、科普知识类说明文为主，行文依靠it、this、these等代词串联逻辑。 命题会弱化显性逻辑词，强化隐性指代考查，代词多指代前文做法、观点或事物。设题集中在段中位置，也会结合段首过渡句综合考查。干扰项常设置话题相近、代词单复数不匹配的选项，增加辨析难度。 重难03 总分结构 【真题再现】 （2025・全国甲卷） 体裁：说明文 主题：提升户外徒步体验的方法 Hiking is a wonderful outdoor activity that combines exercise and relaxation. To make your hiking trips more enjoyable and safe, you need to make good preparations. 36 ____ First, check the weather ahead of time. Bad weather can turn a pleasant hike into a risky experience. If heavy rain or strong wind is coming, it’s better to put off your plan. 37 ____ Second, pack proper supplies. You should prepare enough water and food to keep energetic during the trip. 38 ____ A first-aid kit and a map are also necessary, in case you meet unexpected situations. Third, wear suitable clothes and shoes. Ordinary shoes will make your feet painful after long walks. 39 ____ Light and breathable clothing can also keep you comfortable all the way. Last but not least, never hike alone, especially in remote areas. Going with friends or family means you can look after each other. 40 ____ A. Good preparation always leads to a smooth journey. B. Here are several useful suggestions for you. C. So comfortable hiking shoes are a must. D. Weather conditions decide your travel route as well. E. You can take some snacks like nuts and dried fruit. F. Hiking is popular with people of all ages. G. It also brings more fun to the whole trip. 答案 36.B 37. D 38. E 39. C 40. G 总分结构考点解析 本文采用典型总 — 分行文结构。首段总起，点明做好准备的重要性，36 题 B 项总领下文四条建议，是全文总起句。后文依次用 First/Second/Third/Last but not least 分点展开，分层介绍各项准备工作，属于典型分述内容。解题时可借助序数词快速识别总分框架，锁定总起句、衔接分述句，理清文章脉络。 【解题技巧】 总分结构是说明文七选五常考框架，解题先识别行文脉络。若空格位于段首 / 文首，多为总起句，作用是概括全文或引出下文分述内容。文中出现 First、Second、Third、Besides 等序数词、衔接词时，说明进入分述部分。 做题时先通读全文，借助标志词划分总分层次。总起句需涵盖下文所有分论点，分述句则紧扣对应分支话题。同时保证前后话题统一、逻辑连贯，避开范围过大或过小的干扰项。依托总分框架定位选项，能快速理清文章结构，提升答题效率。 【考法预测】 今后命题趋势 总分结构依旧是说明文七选五高频考查形式。选材以生活建议、科普常识、方法指导类文章为主，命题延续 “总起 + 分点论述” 框架。考题仍侧重在文章开头、段落首句设置总起类空格，常结合 first、second、also 等衔接词分层设题。命题会减少直白的引导句式，增强概括性，干扰项多为片面表述、话题偏离的内容。题型趋向综合化，会将总分结构与代词、过渡句考点融合考查，不再单纯依靠标志词解题，更侧重考查整体行文逻辑与段落主旨把握能力。 拔高・分层集训 基础演练 Passage 1 考点一：过渡句识别 （2026 名校高三联考） 体裁：说明文 主题：晨间习惯 Many people feel tired all morning and struggle to start a new day. The way you spend the first 30 minutes after waking up matters a lot. 36 ____ Firstly, avoid checking your phone right away. Messages and news will make your mind busy immediately. 37 ____ You can take a deep breath and stretch your body instead. Secondly, drink a glass of warm water. It wakes up your body and improves blood circulation. This small act will give you a good start. 38 ____ Finally, plan your daily tasks. Writing down your plans helps you stay organized. You will work more efficiently with clear goals. A. Here are some good morning habits to change this situation. B. It is not a wise choice to do so early in the morning. C. Warm water is popular among healthy people. D. You will feel more energetic soon after. E. Everyone has different living habits. 答案：36.A 37.B 38.D 考点解析：均考查过渡句。36 段首过渡，承接上文问题、引出下文建议；37 句间过渡，承接前文行为并作出评价；38 衔接前文做法，递进说明效果。 Passage 2 （2025 名校统考） 体裁：说明文 主题：线上学习 Online learning has become common in recent years. It is convenient but also brings some challenges. 36 ____ One big problem is low efficiency. Without teachers around, many students easily get distracted. 37 ____ They may spend time playing games or watching videos. Another challenge is poor communication. Students can’t discuss problems face to face. 38 ____ However, we can use voice calls to make up for this shortcoming. A. It is hard for them to focus on study. B. Let’s talk about its main challenges. C. Face-to-face classes are always better. D. So real-time communication becomes difficult. E. Online courses cover all kinds of subjects. 答案：36.B 37.A 38.D 考点解析：典型过渡句考查。36 总起过渡，引出下文挑战；37 承上启下，解释分心带来的结果；38 衔接前文，点明线上交流的弊端。 考点二：代词指代 Passage 1 真题改编（2025 全国卷） 体裁：说明文 主题：记笔记技巧 Taking notes is an important learning skill. Good notes can help you review knowledge quickly. 36 ____ You’d better take notes in your own words. Don’t just copy what teachers say. 37 ____ It will help you understand the knowledge better. Besides, mark key points with different colors. 38 ____ This simple method makes important information stand out. You can find what you need at first sight. Finally, go over your notes regularly. Reviewing every day can strengthen your memory. A. This skill is worth learning well. B. Colored marks are useless for simple notes. C. Rewriting information in your own way works well. D. Teachers always stress the importance of notes. E. Many students are bad at taking notes. 答案：36.A 37.C 38.B 考点解析：核心考查指示代词 / 人称代词。36 中 This skill 指代前文 “记笔记”；37 中 It 指代 “用自己的话整理内容”；38 中 This simple method 指代前文 “用不同颜色标注重点”，严格遵循就近指代原则。 Passage 2 2026 高考仿真模拟 体裁：说明文 |主题：园艺小知识 Growing plants at home is a great hobby. It can make your house beautiful and relax your mind. 36 ____ Water your plants properly. Too much water will kill them. 37 ____ You need to check if the soil is dry first. Put plants in suitable places. Most plants need enough sunlight. 38 ____ They will grow slowly if they stay in dark corners all day. A. They refer to most indoor plants. B. So you cannot water them too often. C. Many people enjoy growing flowers. D. It also teaches you to be patient. E. Sunlight is necessary for their growth. 答案：36.D 37.B 38.E 考点解析：代词指代专项。36 It 指代前文 “居家种植植物”；37 两处 them 均指代植物；38 their 承接前文 plants，依靠代词串联句间逻辑，为高考高频考法。 考点三：总分结构 Passage 1 2025年高考真题同源题 体裁：说明文 主题：改善睡眠 Enough sleep is necessary for our health. Poor sleep will influence our study and work. 36 ____ First, keep a regular sleep schedule. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day. 37 ____ Your body will form a good habit gradually. Second, create a quiet sleeping environment. Turn off loud music and bright lights. 38 ____ A comfortable room helps you fall asleep fast. Third, avoid strong tea or coffee before bedtime. They will make you excited and stay awake. A. Here are three ways to improve your sleep. B. Regular time is good for your body clock. C. Coffee is popular among young people. D. Noisy environment stops people from sleeping. E. Sleep problems trouble many teenagers. 答案：36.A 37.B 38.D 考点解析：标准总 — 分结构。36 为全文总起句，统领下文 First/Second/Third 三大分论点；后文依次分层阐述方法，分述句紧扣对应要点，是高考说明文七选五最经典框架。 2026 高三强化模拟 体裁：说明文 主题：图书馆礼仪 Libraries are public places for reading and studying. We should follow certain rules there. 36 ____ First, keep quiet. Talking loudly will disturb other readers. 37 ____ Even walking softly is a basic requirement. Second, take good care of books. Do not fold pages or write on them. 38 ____ Damaged books will bring trouble to other readers. Third, return books on time. This is also a basic public morality. A. There are some basic rules we need to know. B. So please speak in a low voice all the time. C. Books in libraries are very expensive. D. Reading in libraries is a good choice. E. You can take books home for free. 答案：36.A 37.B 38.C 考点解析：总分结构综合考查。文章采用 “总起 + 多点分述” 模式，36 总领全文，引出图书馆各项规则；借助 First/Second/Third 划分层次，分述句围绕对应规则展开，同时结合简单过渡逻辑，贴合高考综合命题趋势。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $