暑假作业07 疑问词+动词不定式结构（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 以“疑问词+动词不定式”结构为核心，构建“基础规则-核心词应用-特殊结构-同义转换-易错纠正”五级方法体系，通过多题型训练提升语言应用能力与逻辑思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |理论讲解|5大模块（含10+例句）|结构规则（疑问词+to do）、核心词分类（动词/形容词）、转换技巧（与宾语从句转换）、易错点归纳（why用法等）|从基础结构到应用拓展，形成“概念-应用-纠错”完整链条| |综合训练|5类题型（单选/完成句子/完形/阅读/回答问题）|语境化解题（结合上下文选疑问词）、转换公式（疑问词+to do=宾语从句陈述语序）|题型梯度覆盖“识别-应用-综合理解”，强化语言能力与思维品质|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业07 疑问词+动词不定式结构 一、基本结构 疑问词（what/which/who/how/when/where）+ to do（why 除外，why 后接动词原形：why not do） Kitty cannot decide which to choose first. I don't know how to get to the station. 二、可接该结构的核心词 1. 动词：know, decide, forget, learn, tell, advise, show, teach Mr Wu advised us which to choose first. 2. 形容词：sure, clear, difficult, easy Are you clear when to meet at the school gate? 三、特殊结构 how many/how much/whose + 名词 + to do I don't know how many books to buy. She can't decide whose pen to use. 四、与宾语从句的同义转换 疑问词 + 不定式 = 疑问词引导的宾语从句（从句用陈述语序） I don't know what to do. = I don't know what I should do. She taught me how to make a mind map. = She taught me how I could make a mind map. 五、易错易混概念 1. 误用 why + to do（正确：why not do sth.） 错误：I don't know why to go there. 正确：I don't know why I should go there. 2. 疑问词后漏加名词 错误：I don't know how many to buy. 正确：I don't know how many apples to buy. 3. 转换为宾语从句时，从句用疑问语序 错误：I don't know what should I do. 正确：I don't know what I should do. 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —I don't know ______ for the picnic tomorrow. —You can take some sandwiches and fruit. A. what to take B. how to take C. when to take D. where to take 2. The teacher told us ______ the problem by ourselves first. A. what to solve B. how to solve C. which to solve D. when to solve 3. —Can you tell me ______ the station? —Sure. Take the No. 5 bus and get off at the third stop. A. how to get to B. what to get to C. when to get to D. why to get to 4. We haven't decided ______ our summer holiday. A. where to spend B. what to spend C. how to spend D. when to spend 5. Could you please show me ______ this machine? It's too difficult for me. A. how to use B. what to use C. which to use D. when to use 6. I'm not sure ______ to the party. Should I wear a dress or jeans? A. what to wear B. how to wear C. when to wear D. where to wear 7. —Do you know ______ for the sports meeting? —Next Friday afternoon. A. when to prepare B. where to prepare C. what to prepare D. how to prepare 8. The little girl doesn't know ______ in the new school. She feels lonely. A. who to talk to B. what to talk to C. when to talk to D. how to talk to 9. My mother taught me ______ delicious noodles when I was 10 years old. A. what to cook B. how to cook C. which to cook D. when to cook 10. —Why not ______ to the cinema with us tonight? —Good idea! A. go B. to go C. going D. went 二、完成句子： A. 根据句意及首字母提示，用适当的词填空（每空一词） 1. Can you tell me w______ to buy this kind of dictionary? I need one. 2. I don't know h______ many books to take for the trip. 3. She is not clear w______ pen to use for the exam. 4. The teacher advised us w______ book to read first. 5. I forgot w______ to meet my friend yesterday. I was late. B. 句型转换（每空一词） 1. I don't know what I should do next.（改为同义句） I don't know ______ ______ ______ next. 2. She taught me how I could make a cake.（改为同义句） She taught me ______ ______ ______ a cake. 3. Could you tell me where I can buy some stamps?（改为同义句） Could you tell me ______ ______ ______ some stamps? 4. They are discussing when they will have the meeting.（改为同义句） They are discussing ______ ______ ______ the meeting. 5. He didn't know which shirt he should choose.（改为同义句） He didn't know ______ ______ ______ ______. 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our class decided to organize a charity (慈善) sale last month. But we didn't know 1 it. Our teacher Ms Li gave us some advice. She told us 2 a plan first. First, we had a meeting to discuss 3 to sell. Some students wanted to sell old books, others wanted to sell hand-made things. Finally, we decided to sell both. Then we talked about 4 to have the sale. We thought the school playground was the best place. Next, we needed to decide 5 to start the sale. We chose Saturday morning because most students would be free. We also discussed 6 to ask for help. We decided to invite our parents to come and support us. Then we divided into groups. Some students were responsible for collecting things. But they didn't know 7 things to collect. Ms Li told them each person could collect 3-5 things. Other students were responsible for making posters. They didn't know 8 the posters. We searched online for some ideas. On the day of the sale, we didn't know 9 to attract (吸引) more people. So we put up some signs around the school and played music. In the end, we raised 1,200 yuan. We sent all the money to the children in poor areas. We learned that it was important to know 10 to work together. 1. A. what to organize B. how to organize C. when to organize D. where to organize 2. A. what to make B. how to make C. when to make D. where to make 3. A. what B. how C. when D. where 4. A. what B. how C. when D. where 5. A. what time B. what place C. what things D. what people 6. A. who B. how C. when D. where 7. A. how much B. how many C. how long D. how often 8. A. what to design B. how to design C. when to design D. where to design 9. A. what B. how C. when D. where 10. A. what B. how C. when D. where 二、阅读理解： A We often use robots in our daily life now. But do you know how to make a simple robot? Let me tell you. First, you need to decide what kind of robot to make. A small car robot is a good choice for beginners. Then you need to know what materials (材料) to buy. You can buy them at a science shop or online. Next, you need to learn how to assemble (组装) the robot. You can watch some videos online or read books about it. If you have problems, you can ask your science teacher for help. After assembling, you need to know how to program (编程) the robot. You can use some simple software (软件) for beginners. It's not as difficult as you think. Finally, you can test your robot. If it doesn't work, you need to find out what to do to fix it. Making a robot is a great way to learn about science and technology. It's also very interesting. 1. What is the first step to make a robot? A. Buy materials. B. Decide what kind of robot to make. C. Learn how to assemble. D. Learn how to program. 2. Where can you buy the materials for making a robot? A. At a clothes shop. B. At a bookshop. C. At a science shop. D. At a food shop. 3. What can you do if you have problems in assembling the robot? A. Give up. B. Ask your science teacher for help. C. Buy a new one. D. Ask your parents to make it for you. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Making a robot is very difficult for beginners. B. You can't watch videos to learn how to assemble a robot. C. You need to use some simple software to program the robot. D. Once the robot doesn't work, you can throw it away. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to make a simple robot. B. What materials to buy for a robot. C. How to program a robot. D. The importance of robots. B Saving water is very important for us. But many people don't know how to save water in their daily life. Here are some easy ways. First, turn off the tap when you are brushing your teeth or washing your hands. You can save a lot of water this way. Second, take shorter showers. A 10-minute shower uses about 100 liters (升) of water. Third, use a basin (盆) to wash vegetables and fruits. Then you can use the water to water plants. Fourth, don't use too much detergent (洗涤剂) when you wash clothes. Too much detergent needs more water to clean. Fifth, fix the leaky (漏水的) tap as soon as possible. A leaky tap can waste a lot of water every day. We only have one Earth. We should know what to do to protect our water resources (资源). Let's start from small things. 1. How many ways of saving water are mentioned in the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2. How much water does a 10-minute shower use? A. About 50 liters. B. About 100 liters. C. About 150 liters. D. About 200 liters. 3. What can you use the water from washing vegetables to do? A. Wash clothes. B. Water plants. C. Clean the floor. D. Flush the toilet. 4. Which of the following is NOT a good way to save water? A. Turn off the tap when brushing teeth. B. Take shorter showers. C. Use a basin to wash vegetables. D. Use too much detergent. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Everyone knows how to save water now. B. Saving water is not important. C. Small things can help save a lot of water. D. We have enough water resources. C Last week, our school organized a trip to the City Science Museum. We learned a lot there. When we arrived, the guide told us where to go first. We visited the space exhibition first. We saw models of spaceships and learned about the history of space travel. The guide showed us how to operate (操作) a model spaceship. It was very interesting. Then we went to the biology exhibition. We learned about different kinds of plants and animals. We even saw some real insects. The guide told us what to do if we saw an insect in the wild. After that, we went to the physics exhibition. We could do some experiments by ourselves. We learned how to make a small telephone with cups and strings (绳子). It was amazing. At last, we went to the library in the museum. We didn't know which books to choose. The librarian helped us find some interesting science books. We had a great time there. 1. Where did they go first in the museum? A. The biology exhibition. B. The space exhibition. C. The physics exhibition. D. The library. 2. What did they learn in the biology exhibition? A. How to operate a model spaceship. B. How to make a small telephone. C. Different kinds of plants and animals. D. The history of space travel. 3. What did they use to make a small telephone? A. Cups and strings. B. Paper and glue. C. Wood and nails. D. Plastic and tape. 4. Who helped them choose books in the library? A. The guide. B. Their teacher. C. Their classmates. D. The librarian. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. A trip to the City Science Museum. B. The history of space travel. C. How to do physics experiments. D. Interesting science books. D Project-based learning (项目式学习) is becoming more and more popular in schools. It helps students learn how to work together and solve problems. Last term, our class did a project about protecting the environment. First, we discussed what problem to solve. We decided to solve the problem of waste in our school. Then we divided into three groups. Group 1 was responsible for finding out how much waste our school produced every day. They counted the number of rubbish bins and weighed the rubbish. Group 2 was responsible for finding out why there was so much waste. They did a survey among the students. Group 3 was responsible for thinking about what to do to reduce waste. After two weeks of hard work, we presented our results to the school. We suggested that the school should set up more recycling bins (回收箱) and teach students how to sort (分类) rubbish. The school accepted our suggestions. Now our school is much cleaner. Through this project, we learned how to work together and how to solve real problems. It was a great experience. 1. What project did the class do last term? A. A project about protecting the environment. B. A project about making robots. C. A project about saving water. D. A project about reading books. 2. What did Group 1 do? A. They did a survey among the students. B. They found out how much waste the school produced. C. They thought about what to do to reduce waste. D. They presented the results to the school. 3. How long did it take them to finish the project? A. One week. B. Two weeks. C. Three weeks. D. One month. 4. Which of the following is NOT their suggestion? A. Set up more recycling bins. B. Teach students how to sort rubbish. C. Fine students who throw rubbish everywhere. D. All of the above. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Project-based learning is not good for students. B. The students didn't learn anything from the project. C. The school didn't accept their suggestions. D. Project-based learning helps students solve real problems. 一、回答问题： 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。1-4题字数不超过10词，第5题字数不超过20词。 Our school is going to hold a "Green School" project next month. The purpose of the project is to make our school more environmentally friendly. All the students are encouraged to take part in it. Each class needs to make a plan about what to do to protect the environment. You can do many things, such as saving water, saving electricity, reducing waste and planting trees. First, you need to decide what problem to solve in your class. For example, if there is too much waste in your classroom, you can focus on reducing waste. Then you need to think about how to solve the problem. You can discuss with your classmates and teachers. Next, you need to make a detailed plan. You should write down what to do, when to do it and who will be responsible for it. For example, you can set up a recycling corner in your classroom. You can ask some students to collect the recyclable things every day. Finally, you need to carry out (实施) your plan. After one month, you will present your results to the whole school. The best class will win a prize. We believe that this project will not only make our school more beautiful, but also help students develop good habits. Let's work together to make our school a green school. 1. When will the "Green School" project be held? 2. What is the purpose of the project? 3. What do you need to decide first when making a plan? 4. What should you write down in your detailed plan? 5. What do you think of the "Green School" project? (Please answer in about 30 words) 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业07 疑问词+动词不定式结构 一、基本结构 疑问词（what/which/who/how/when/where）+ to do（why 除外，why 后接动词原形：why not do） Kitty cannot decide which to choose first. I don't know how to get to the station. 二、可接该结构的核心词 1. 动词：know, decide, forget, learn, tell, advise, show, teach Mr Wu advised us which to choose first. 2. 形容词：sure, clear, difficult, easy Are you clear when to meet at the school gate? 三、特殊结构 how many/how much/whose + 名词 + to do I don't know how many books to buy. She can't decide whose pen to use. 四、与宾语从句的同义转换 疑问词 + 不定式 = 疑问词引导的宾语从句（从句用陈述语序） I don't know what to do. = I don't know what I should do. She taught me how to make a mind map. = She taught me how I could make a mind map. 五、易错易混概念 1. 误用 why + to do（正确：why not do sth.） 错误：I don't know why to go there. 正确：I don't know why I should go there. 2. 疑问词后漏加名词 错误：I don't know how many to buy. 正确：I don't know how many apples to buy. 3. 转换为宾语从句时，从句用疑问语序 错误：I don't know what should I do. 正确：I don't know what I should do. 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —I don't know ______ for the picnic tomorrow. —You can take some sandwiches and fruit. A. what to take B. how to take C. when to take D. where to take 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我不知道明天野餐带什么。你可以带一些三明治和水果。考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语。what 作 take 的宾语，对应答语中的物品，故选 A。 2. The teacher told us ______ the problem by ourselves first. A. what to solve B. how to solve C. which to solve D. when to solve 【答案】B 【解析】句意：老师告诉我们先自己如何解决这个问题。考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语。solve 后已有宾语 the problem，how 表示解决方式，符合语境，故选 B。 3. —Can you tell me ______ the station? —Sure. Take the No. 5 bus and get off at the third stop. A. how to get to B. what to get to C. when to get to D. why to get to 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你能告诉我怎么去车站吗？当然。坐 5 路公交车，在第三站下车。考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语。答语说明交通方式，how 表示方式，get to 意为 “到达”，故选 A。 4. We haven't decided ______ our summer holiday. A. where to spend B. what to spend C. how to spend D. when to spend 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们还没决定去哪里度过暑假。考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语。spend 后已有宾语 our summer holiday，where 作地点状语，是初中阶段该句型最常考的语境，故选 A。 5. Could you please show me ______ this machine? It's too difficult for me. A. how to use B. what to use C. which to use D. when to use 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你能给我演示一下如何使用这台机器吗？对我来说太难了。考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语。use 后已有宾语 this machine，how 表示使用方式，符合语境，故选 A。 6. I'm not sure ______ to the party. Should I wear a dress or jeans? A. when to wear B. how to wear C. what to wear D. where to wear 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我不确定穿什么去参加派对。我应该穿连衣裙还是牛仔裤？考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语。what 作 wear 的宾语，对应答语中的服装，故选 C。 7. —Do you know ______ for the sports meeting? —Next Friday afternoon. A. when to prepare B. where to prepare C. what to prepare D. how to prepare 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你知道什么时候为运动会做准备吗？下周五下午。考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语。答语说明时间，when 表示时间，故选 A。 8. The little girl doesn't know ______ in the new school. She feels lonely. A. how to talk to B. what to talk to C. when to talk to D. who to talk to 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这个小女孩不知道在新学校和谁说话。她感到孤独。考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语。talk to 后接交谈对象，who 作 talk to 的宾语，符合语境，故选 D。 9. My mother taught me ______ delicious noodles when I was 10 years old. A. what to cook B. how to cook C. which to cook D. when to cook 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我 10 岁的时候，妈妈教我如何做美味的面条。考查 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构作宾语。cook 后已有宾语 delicious noodles，how 表示烹饪方式，符合语境，故选 B。 10. —Why not ______ to the cinema with us tonight? —Good idea! A. go B. to go C. going D. went 【答案】A 【解析】句意：今晚为什么不和我们一起去看电影呢？好主意！考查固定句型 “Why not do sth.”，意为 “为什么不做某事”，后必须接动词原形，故选 A。 二、完成句子： A. 根据句意及首字母提示，用适当的词填空（每空一词） 1. Can you tell me w______ to buy this kind of dictionary? I need one. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：你能告诉我在哪里能买到这种字典吗？我需要一本。填空原因：根据后句 “我需要一本” 可知，前句询问的是购买字典的地点，结合首字母 w，用疑问词 where。此处是 “疑问词 + 不定式（where to buy）” 结构，作动词 tell 的宾语。 2. I don't know h______ many books to take for the trip. 【答案】how 【解析】句意：我不知道这次旅行要带多少本书。填空原因：空后是 many books（可数名词复数），询问数量用 how many，结合首字母 h，填 how。此处是 “how many + 名词 + 不定式（how many books to take）” 结构，作动词 know 的宾语。 3. She is not clear w______ pen to use for the exam. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：她不清楚考试要用哪支笔。填空原因：空后是 pen（单数名词），表示在一定范围内选择 “哪一个”，结合首字母 w，用疑问词 which。此处是 “which + 名词 + 不定式（which pen to use）” 结构，作形容词 clear 的宾语。 4. The teacher advised us w______ book to read first. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：老师建议我们先读哪本书。填空原因：空后是 book（单数名词），表示选择 “哪一本”，结合首字母 w，用疑问词 which。此处是 “which + 名词 + 不定式（which book to read）” 结构，作动词 advised 的宾语补足语。 5. I forgot w______ to meet my friend yesterday. I was late. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：我昨天忘了在哪里和我的朋友见面，所以迟到了。填空原因：根据后句 “我迟到了” 可知，前句是忘记了见面的地点，结合首字母 w，用疑问词 where。此处是 “疑问词 + 不定式（where to meet）” 结构，作动词 forgot 的宾语。 B. 句型转换（每空一词） 1. I don't know what I should do next.（改为同义句） I don't know ______ ______ ______ next. 【答案】what to do 【解析】原句句意：我不知道接下来我应该做什么。转换原因：当主句主语（I）和宾语从句主语（I）一致，且从句含有情态动词 should 时，可将宾语从句简化为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。省略从句的主语 I 和情态动词 should，直接用 what to do 作 know 的宾语。 2. She taught me how I could make a cake.（改为同义句） She taught me ______ ______ ______ a cake. 【答案】how to make 【解析】原句句意：她教我如何做蛋糕。转换原因：动词 teach 后接双宾语（me 是间接宾语），当宾语从句含有情态动词 could 时，无论从句主语是否与主句主语一致，都可简化为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。省略从句的主语 I 和情态动词 could，用 how to make 作 teach 的直接宾语。 3. Could you tell me where I can buy some stamps?（改为同义句） Could you tell me ______ ______ ______ some stamps? 【答案】where to buy 【解析】原句句意：你能告诉我在哪里可以买到一些邮票吗？转换原因：动词 tell 后接双宾语（me 是间接宾语），宾语从句含有情态动词 can，可简化为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。省略从句的主语 I 和情态动词 can，用 where to buy 作 tell 的直接宾语。 4. They are discussing when they will have the meeting.（改为同义句） They are discussing ______ ______ ______ the meeting. 【答案】when to have 【解析】原句句意：他们正在讨论什么时候开会。转换原因：主句主语（They）和宾语从句主语（they）一致，且从句用 will 表示将来动作，不定式本身可表示将来，因此可简化为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。省略从句的主语 they 和助动词 will，用 when to have 作 discussing 的宾语。 5. He didn't know which shirt he should choose.（改为同义句） He didn't know ______ ______ ______ ______. 【答案】which shirt to choose 【解析】原句句意：他不知道该选哪件衬衫。转换原因：主句主语（He）和宾语从句主语（he）一致，且从句含有情态动词 should；当疑问词 which 修饰名词（shirt）时，转换后保留 “which + 名词” 结构，再接不定式。省略从句的主语 he 和情态动词 should，用 which shirt to choose 作 know 的宾语。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our class decided to organize a charity (慈善) sale last month. But we didn't know 1 it. Our teacher Ms Li gave us some advice. She told us 2 a plan first. First, we had a meeting to discuss 3 to sell. Some students wanted to sell old books, others wanted to sell hand-made things. Finally, we decided to sell both. Then we talked about 4 to have the sale. We thought the school playground was the best place. Next, we needed to decide 5 to start the sale. We chose Saturday morning because most students would be free. We also discussed 6 to ask for help. We decided to invite our parents to come and support us. Then we divided into groups. Some students were responsible for collecting things. But they didn't know 7 things to collect. Ms Li told them each person could collect 3-5 things. Other students were responsible for making posters. They didn't know 8 the posters. We searched online for some ideas. On the day of the sale, we didn't know 9 to attract (吸引) more people. So we put up some signs around the school and played music. In the end, we raised 1,200 yuan. We sent all the money to the children in poor areas. We learned that it was important to know 10 to work together. 1. A. what to organize B. how to organize C. when to organize D. where to organize 2. A. what to make B. how to make C. when to make D. where to make 3. A. what B. how C. when D. where 4. A. what B. how C. when D. where 5. A. what time B. what place C. what things D. what people 6. A. who B. how C. when D. where 7. A. how much B. how many C. how long D. how often 8. A. what to design B. how to design C. when to design D. where to design 9. A. what B. how C. when D. where 10. A. what B. how C. when D. where 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者班级上个月组织慈善义卖的完整过程。同学们起初对如何开展义卖毫无头绪，在李老师的建议下，通过集体开会依次确定了义卖物品、举办地点、活动时间、求助对象等核心事项，再通过明确分工完成筹备工作，最终成功筹集 1200 元善款并全部捐赠给贫困地区儿童，同时深刻体会到了团队协作的重要性。 1. 句意：但是我们不知道如何组织这次慈善义卖。分析：前文已明确活动是 “慈善义卖”，排除 A（组织什么）；时间、地点是后续讨论的内容，排除 C、D；how to organize 表示 “如何组织”，契合 “寻求老师建议” 的语境。 2. 句意：她告诉我们首先要如何制定一个计划。分析：make 后已有宾语 a plan，不能用作动词宾语的 what，排除 A；制定计划的时间、地点不是此处核心，排除 C、D；how to make 语法正确，且符合老师给出 “组织方法” 建议的逻辑。 3. 句意：首先，我们开会讨论要卖什么。分析：后文提到售卖 “旧书” 和 “手工制品”，是在明确售卖的物品，用 what 作 sell 的宾语，符合语境。 4. 句意：然后我们讨论在哪里举办义卖活动。分析：后文指出 “学校操场是最好的地方”，是在讨论活动举办地点，用 where 符合逻辑。 5. 句意：接下来，我们需要决定义卖活动什么时候开始。分析：后文提到 “选择周六早上”，是在确定活动的具体时间，what time 表示 “什么时间”，对应后文内容。 6. 句意：我们还讨论了向谁寻求帮助。分析：后文提到 “邀请父母来支持我们”，是在明确求助的对象，用 who 符合语境。 7. 句意：但是他们不知道要收集多少件物品。分析：后文给出 “每人收集 3-5 件” 的数量标准；things 是可数名词复数，需用 how many 修饰，how much 修饰不可数名词，故选 B。 8. 句意：他们不知道如何设计海报。分析：后文提到 “上网找一些主意”，是在寻找设计海报的方法，how to design 表示 “如何设计”，契合语境。 9. 句意：义卖当天，我们不知道如何吸引更多的人。分析：后文提到 “贴标语、播放音乐” 是吸引人群的具体方法，用 how 符合逻辑。 10. 句意：我们明白了知道如何合作是很重要的。分析：全文围绕 “全班分工协作完成义卖” 展开，强调的是合作的方法，how to work together 表示 “如何合作”，点明文章主旨。 二、阅读理解： A We often use robots in our daily life now. But do you know how to make a simple robot? Let me tell you. First, you need to decide what kind of robot to make. A small car robot is a good choice for beginners. Then you need to know what materials (材料) to buy. You can buy them at a science shop or online. Next, you need to learn how to assemble (组装) the robot. You can watch some videos online or read books about it. If you have problems, you can ask your science teacher for help. After assembling, you need to know how to program (编程) the robot. You can use some simple software (软件) for beginners. It's not as difficult as you think. Finally, you can test your robot. If it doesn't work, you need to find out what to do to fix it. Making a robot is a great way to learn about science and technology. It's also very interesting. 1. What is the first step to make a robot? A. Buy materials. B. Decide what kind of robot to make. C. Learn how to assemble. D. Learn how to program. 2. Where can you buy the materials for making a robot? A. At a clothes shop. B. At a bookshop. C. At a science shop. D. At a food shop. 3. What can you do if you have problems in assembling the robot? A. Give up. B. Ask your science teacher for help. C. Buy a new one. D. Ask your parents to make it for you. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Making a robot is very difficult for beginners. B. You can't watch videos to learn how to assemble a robot. C. You need to use some simple software to program the robot. D. Once the robot doesn't work, you can throw it away. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to make a simple robot. B. What materials to buy for a robot. C. How to program a robot. D. The importance of robots. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章以提问开篇，按照先后顺序清晰地介绍了制作一个简单机器人的完整步骤，包括确定机器人类型、购买材料、学习组装、编写程序以及测试调试，同时点明制作机器人既能帮助人们学习科学技术知识，也充满乐趣。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 “First, you need to decide what kind of robot to make.” 可知，制作机器人的第一步是确定要制作的机器人类型，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 “You can buy them at a science shop or online.” 可知，制作机器人的材料可以在科学用品店或网上购买，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 “If you have problems, you can ask your science teacher for help.” 可知，组装机器人遇到问题时，可以向科学老师求助，故选 B。 4. 细节判断题（正误判断）。根据第四段第二句 “You can use some simple software (软件) for beginners.” 可知，编程可以使用适合初学者的简单软件，C 项表述正确。 A 项与原文 “It's not as difficult as you think.” 矛盾；B 项与原文 “You can watch some videos online to learn assembly” 矛盾；D 项与原文 “If it doesn't work, you need to find out what to do to fix it.” 矛盾。 5. 主旨大意题。文章开篇以 “how to make a simple robot” 引出核心话题，后续段落按步骤详细介绍了制作简单机器人的全过程，全文围绕该主题展开，故选 A。 B Saving water is very important for us. But many people don't know how to save water in their daily life. Here are some easy ways. First, turn off the tap when you are brushing your teeth or washing your hands. You can save a lot of water this way. Second, take shorter showers. A 10-minute shower uses about 100 liters (升) of water. Third, use a basin (盆) to wash vegetables and fruits. Then you can use the water to water plants. Fourth, don't use too much detergent (洗涤剂) when you wash clothes. Too much detergent needs more water to clean. Fifth, fix the leaky (漏水的) tap as soon as possible. A leaky tap can waste a lot of water every day. We only have one Earth. We should know what to do to protect our water resources (资源). Let's start from small things. 1. How many ways of saving water are mentioned in the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2. How much water does a 10-minute shower use? A. About 50 liters. B. About 100 liters. C. About 150 liters. D. About 200 liters. 3. What can you use the water from washing vegetables to do? A. Wash clothes. B. Water plants. C. Clean the floor. D. Flush the toilet. 4. Which of the following is NOT a good way to save water? A. Turn off the tap when brushing teeth. B. Take shorter showers. C. Use a basin to wash vegetables. D. Use too much detergent. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Everyone knows how to save water now. B. Saving water is not important. C. Small things can help save a lot of water. D. We have enough water resources. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章开篇点明节约用水的重要性，随后具体介绍了日常生活中五种简单实用的节水方法，最后呼吁大家珍惜地球水资源，从身边小事做起践行节水行动。 1. 细节理解题。根据文中 “First...Second...Third...Fourth...Fifth...” 五个序数词引导的节水方法，可知全文共提到了 5 种节水方式，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 “A 10-minute shower uses about 100 liters (升) of water.” 可知，10 分钟的淋浴大约消耗 100 升水，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句 “Third, use a basin (盆) to wash vegetables and fruits. Then you can use the water to water plants.” 可知，洗菜的水可以用来浇花，故选 B。 4. 细节判断题（反向选择）。根据第三段第一句 “Fourth, don't use too much detergent (洗涤剂) when you wash clothes. Too much detergent needs more water to clean.” 可知，使用过多洗涤剂会浪费水，不是节水方法。A、B、C 三项均是文中明确提到的正确节水方式，故选 D。 5. 推理判断题。A 项与原文 “But many people don't know how to save water in their daily life.” 矛盾；B 项与原文第一句 “Saving water is very important for us.” 矛盾；D 项文中未提及且不符合常识；文中介绍的均是刷牙关水龙头、缩短淋浴时间等日常小事，且这些方法能节约大量水，最后一句 “Let's start from small things” 也印证了这一点，因此可推断出小事能帮助节约很多水，故选 C。 C Last week, our school organized a trip to the City Science Museum. We learned a lot there. When we arrived, the guide told us where to go first. We visited the space exhibition first. We saw models of spaceships and learned about the history of space travel. The guide showed us how to operate (操作) a model spaceship. It was very interesting. Then we went to the biology exhibition. We learned about different kinds of plants and animals. We even saw some real insects. The guide told us what to do if we saw an insect in the wild. After that, we went to the physics exhibition. We could do some experiments by ourselves. We learned how to make a small telephone with cups and strings (绳子). It was amazing. At last, we went to the library in the museum. We didn't know which books to choose. The librarian helped us find some interesting science books. We had a great time there. 1. Where did they go first in the museum? A. The biology exhibition. B. The space exhibition. C. The physics exhibition. D. The library. 2. What did they learn in the biology exhibition? A. How to operate a model spaceship. B. How to make a small telephone. C. Different kinds of plants and animals. D. The history of space travel. 3. What did they use to make a small telephone? A. Cups and strings. B. Paper and glue. C. Wood and nails. D. Plastic and tape. 4. Who helped them choose books in the library? A. The guide. B. Their teacher. C. Their classmates. D. The librarian. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. A trip to the City Science Museum. B. The history of space travel. C. How to do physics experiments. D. Interesting science books. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章按照游览顺序，讲述了作者上周跟随学校前往城市科学博物馆的研学经历。同学们先后参观了太空展、生物展和物理展，动手做了有趣的实验，还在图书馆得到了图书管理员的帮助挑选书籍，在博物馆收获了丰富的科学知识，度过了一段美好的时光。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 “We visited the space exhibition first.” 可知，他们在博物馆首先参观了太空展览，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 “We learned about different kinds of plants and animals.” 可知，他们在生物展览中了解了不同种类的动植物，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句 “We learned how to make a small telephone with cups and strings (绳子).” 可知，他们用杯子和绳子制作了简易电话，故选 A。 4. 细节理解题。根据第五段第三句 “The librarian helped us find some interesting science books.” 可知，是图书管理员帮助他们挑选了书籍，故选 D。 5. 主旨大意题。文章开篇点明 “our school organized a trip to the City Science Museum”，全文围绕此次博物馆之旅的游览过程和收获展开，核心主题是城市科学博物馆之行，故选 A。 D Project-based learning (项目式学习) is becoming more and more popular in schools. It helps students learn how to work together and solve problems. Last term, our class did a project about protecting the environment. First, we discussed what problem to solve. We decided to solve the problem of waste in our school. Then we divided into three groups. Group 1 was responsible for finding out how much waste our school produced every day. They counted the number of rubbish bins and weighed the rubbish. Group 2 was responsible for finding out why there was so much waste. They did a survey among the students. Group 3 was responsible for thinking about what to do to reduce waste. After two weeks of hard work, we presented our results to the school. We suggested that the school should set up more recycling bins (回收箱) and teach students how to sort (分类) rubbish. The school accepted our suggestions. Now our school is much cleaner. Through this project, we learned how to work together and how to solve real problems. It was a great experience. 1. What project did the class do last term? A. A project about protecting the environment. B. A project about making robots. C. A project about saving water. D. A project about reading books. 2. What did Group 1 do? A. They did a survey among the students. B. They found out how much waste the school produced. C. They thought about what to do to reduce waste. D. They presented the results to the school. 3. How long did it take them to finish the project? A. One week. B. Two weeks. C. Three weeks. D. One month. 4. Which of the following is NOT their suggestion? A. Set up more recycling bins. B. Teach students how to sort rubbish. C. Fine students who throw rubbish everywhere. D. All of the above. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Project-based learning is not good for students. B. The students didn't learn anything from the project. C. The school didn't accept their suggestions. D. Project-based learning helps students solve real problems. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章围绕项目式学习展开，讲述了作者班级上学期开展 “保护环境” 主题项目的完整过程。同学们通过确定研究问题、分组调研校园浪费情况、提出整改建议并被学校采纳，不仅改善了校园环境，还在实践中学会了团队协作与解决实际问题，体现了项目式学习的价值。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 “Last term, our class did a project about protecting the environment.” 可知，班级上学期开展的是保护环境相关的项目，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 “Group 1 was responsible for finding out how much waste our school produced every day.” 可知，第一组的任务是调查学校每天产生的垃圾量，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 “After two weeks of hard work, we presented our results to the school.” 可知，他们用两周时间完成了项目并展示成果，故选 B。 4. 细节判断题（反向选择）。根据第四段第二句 “We suggested that the school should set up more recycling bins (回收箱) and teach students how to sort (分类) rubbish.” 可知，A、B 两项是他们提出的建议，文中未提及 “乱扔垃圾罚款”，故选 C。 5. 推理判断题。A 项与原文 “Project-based learning...helps students learn how to work together and solve problems.” 矛盾；B 项与最后一段 “we learned how to work together and how to solve real problems” 矛盾；C 项与原文 “The school accepted our suggestions.” 矛盾；结合文章首尾对项目式学习作用的阐述及此次实践的成果，可推断出项目式学习能帮助学生解决实际问题，故选 D。 一、回答问题： 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。1-4题字数不超过10词，第5题字数不超过20词。 Our school is going to hold a "Green School" project next month. The purpose of the project is to make our school more environmentally friendly. All the students are encouraged to take part in it. Each class needs to make a plan about what to do to protect the environment. You can do many things, such as saving water, saving electricity, reducing waste and planting trees. First, you need to decide what problem to solve in your class. For example, if there is too much waste in your classroom, you can focus on reducing waste. Then you need to think about how to solve the problem. You can discuss with your classmates and teachers. Next, you need to make a detailed plan. You should write down what to do, when to do it and who will be responsible for it. For example, you can set up a recycling corner in your classroom. You can ask some students to collect the recyclable things every day. Finally, you need to carry out (实施) your plan. After one month, you will present your results to the whole school. The best class will win a prize. We believe that this project will not only make our school more beautiful, but also help students develop good habits. Let's work together to make our school a green school. 1. When will the "Green School" project be held? 2. What is the purpose of the project? 3. What do you need to decide first when making a plan? 4. What should you write down in your detailed plan? 5. What do you think of the "Green School" project? 【答案】 1. Next month. 2. To make our school more environmentally friendly. 3. What problem to solve in our class. 4. What to do, when to do it and who is responsible. 5. It's meaningful and helps develop good habits. 【解析】这是一篇应用文（校园通知 / 倡议书），介绍了学校下个月即将启动的 “绿色校园” 项目，明确了项目的核心目的、参与要求，详细讲解了班级制定并实施环保计划的完整流程，最后号召全体学生携手参与，在美化校园的同时养成良好的环保习惯。 1. 题目意思：“绿色校园” 项目将在何时举办？ 根据原文第一段第一句 “Our school is going to hold a 'Green School' project next month.” 可知。 2. 题目意思：该项目的举办目的是什么？ 根据原文第一段第二句 “The purpose of the project is to make our school more environmentally friendly.” 可知。 3. 题目意思：制定班级计划时首先需要决定什么？ 根据原文第三段第一句 “First, you need to decide what problem to solve in your class.” 可知。 4. 题目意思：详细计划中需要记录哪些内容？ 根据原文第四段第二句 “You should write down what to do, when to do it and who will be responsible for it.” 可知。 5. 题目意思：你如何看待 “绿色校园” 项目？ 这是开放性试题，结合原文最后一段对项目意义的阐述，从美化校园、培养环保习惯等角度作答即可，需严格遵守字数限制。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $