八上预习作业05 动词不定式（新知精练）-2026年新八年级英语暑假预习作业（新教材译林版）

**基本信息** 以“概念-用法-易错”三维架构系统梳理动词不定式，通过分层训练实现从知识理解到综合应用的能力进阶，强化语言运用与思维辨析。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识复盘|6类核心用法+5组易错对比|①接to do的动词分类记忆；②目的状语用to/in order to；③使役/感官动词后省to；④被动语态还原to；⑤疑问词+不定式结构规则|从基本构成（to+动词原形）到功能应用（主/宾/状等），再到特殊情况（被动还原、不及物动词加介词），形成“概念-规则-例外”的逻辑链| |实战巩固|基础（单选10+完成句10）、进阶（完形1+阅读4）、拓展（短文填空1）|①语境分析法判断不定式功能；②错误类型定位（如漏to、疑问词搭配）；③语篇中不定式的综合运用|基础题聚焦单一用法，进阶题融合语篇理解，拓展题强化语法在真实语境中的输出，符合“基础-能力-素养”的提升路径|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业05 动词不定式 知识复盘 一、基本概念 动词不定式由 “to + 动词原形” 构成，否定式为 “not to + 动词原形”，在句中可作主语、宾语、目的状语、宾语补足语等。 二、核心用法 1. 作宾语（动词 + to do） 教材核心动词：want, hope, decide, try, begin, start, learn, plan, prepare, choose, fail, remember, forget, agree, offer, promise 教材原句：I want to help protect wild animals. 2. 作目的状语 结构：to /in order to + 动词原形（可放在句首或句末） 教材原句：We build nature reserves to protect pandas. 3. 作宾语补足语（动词 + 宾语 + to do） 教材核心动词：ask, tell, invite, teach, advise, encourage, warn, order, want, would like 教材原句：The teacher told us not to feed the animals. 4. 省略 to 的不定式 结构：make/let/see/hear/watch/notice sb. do sth. 教材原句：The funny story made us laugh. 5. 作主语 常用形式主语 it 代替，结构：It is + 形容词 + (for/of sb.) + to do sth. 例：It is important to protect wild animals. 6. 疑问词 + 不定式 结构：what/how/when/where/which + to do 例：I don't know what to do next. 三、特殊用法 1. 省略 to 的不定式在被动语态中必须还原 to 例：He was made to finish the work by 5 o'clock. 2. 不定式作定语时，若动词是不及物动词，需加相应的介词 例：I need a pen to write with. 四、运用方法 1. 记住只能接 to do 作宾语的动词，不能接 doing 2. 表示目的时用不定式作状语 3. 使役动词和感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补 五、易错易混概念 1. 省略 to 的不定式被动语态漏加 to： 错误 He was made work. → 正确 He was made to work. 2. 疑问词 + 不定式多宾语： 错误 what to do it → 正确 what to do /how to do it 3. 目的状语用 for： 错误 I come here for learn. → 正确 I come here to learn. 4. stop to do/stop doing 混淆： stop to do 停下来去做另一件事；stop doing 停止正在做的事 5. forget to do/forget doing 混淆： forget to do 忘记要做某事；forget doing 忘记做过某事 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Our teacher advised us ______ the Science Museum this weekend to learn more about AI (人工智能). A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们的老师建议我们这个周末去参观科学博物馆，以了解更多关于人工智能的知识。考查固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.（建议某人做某事），动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选 B。 2. —What do you plan ______ for the coming School Art Festival?—I decide ______ an English play with my classmates. A. do; put on B. to do; to put on C. doing; putting on D. to do; putting on 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 你打算为即将到来的校园艺术节做什么？—— 我决定和我的同学们上演一部英语剧。考查固定搭配plan to do sth.（计划做某事）和decide to do sth.（决定做某事），两个空都用动词不定式作宾语，故选 B。 3. It is necessary ______ us ______ our teeth twice a day to keep healthy. A. for; to brush B. of; to brush C. for; brushing D. of; brushing 【答案】A 【解析】句意：对我们来说，每天刷两次牙来保持健康是必要的。考查固定句型It is + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth.。当形容词描述事物性质（necessary 必要的）时用介词 for；真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 to brush，故选 A。 4. The little boy was made ______ his homework before watching TV by his mother. A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这个小男孩被他妈妈要求在看电视之前完成作业。考查使役动词 make 的被动用法。主动语态中make sb. do sth.（让某人做某事）省略 to；变为被动语态时，省略的 to 要还原，即be made to do sth.，故选 C。 5. —I don't know ______ for the picnic tomorrow.—Why not ask your teacher for some advice? A. what to buy B. how to buy C. when to buy D. where to buy 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—— 我不知道明天野餐要买什么。—— 为什么不向你的老师寻求一些建议呢？考查“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构作宾语。what to buy 买什么，符合语境；how/when/where to buy 均与句意不符，故选 A。 6. My father often tells me ______ too much time playing computer games. A. not to spend B. to not spend C. not spend D. don't spend 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我爸爸经常告诉我不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。考查固定搭配tell sb. not to do sth.（告诉某人不要做某事），动词不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加 not，故选 A。 7. We went to the community center ______ the elderly people with their housework. A. help B. helped C. to help D. helping 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们去社区中心帮助老人们做家务。考查动词不定式作目的状语。去社区中心的目的是帮助老人，用 to help 表示目的，故选 C。 8. I saw Tom ______ into the classroom just now. He must be in the library now. A. run B. to run C. ran D. running 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我刚才看见汤姆跑进了教室。他现在一定在图书馆里。考查 see 的用法。see sb. do sth.（看见某人做了某事，强调全过程）；see sb. doing sth.（看见某人正在做某事）。根据 just now 和后一句可知看到了动作全过程，故选 A。 9. —Don't forget ______ your homework here tomorrow, Jack.—OK, I won't. A. bring B. to bring C. bringing D. brought 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 杰克，别忘了明天把你的作业带到这里来。—— 好的，我不会忘的。考查 forget 的用法。forget to do sth.（忘记去做某事，未做）；forget doing sth.（忘记做过某事，已做）。根据 tomorrow 可知作业还没带，故选 B。 10. I need a piece of paper ______. Can you pass me one? A. to write B. writing C. to write on D. writing on 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我需要一张纸来写字。你能递给我一张吗？考查动词不定式作后置定语。write 是不及物动词，接宾语 paper 需加介词 on，即 write on the paper，所以不定式结构为 to write on，故选 C。 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子。每空一词。 1. 为了保护濒危动物，我们应该建立更多的自然保护区。 ______ ______ endangered animals, we should build more nature reserves. 【答案】To protect 【解析】句意：为了保护濒危动物，我们应该建立更多的自然保护区。不定式 to do 结构作目的状语，表示 "为了做某事"。 2. 她的哥哥想要成为一名宇航员，探索太空。 Her brother ______ ______ ______ an astronaut to explore space. 【答案】wants to be 【解析】句意：她的哥哥想要成为一名宇航员，探索太空。want to do sth 是固定搭配，意为 "想要做某事"；主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用 wants。 3. 老师教我们如何使用这台新的 3D 打印机 (printer)。 The teacher taught us ______ ______ ______ the new 3D printer. 【答案】how to use 【解析】句意：老师教我们如何使用这台新的 3D 打印机。"疑问词 how + 不定式 to use" 作 taught 的宾语，构成 teach sb how to do sth 结构，意为 "教某人如何做某事"。 4. 这个有趣的故事让我们所有人都笑了。 The interesting story ______ all of us ______. 【答案】made; laugh 【解析】句意：这个有趣的故事让我们所有人都笑了。make sb do sth 是固定搭配，意为 "让某人做某事"；事情发生在过去，用一般过去时 made。 5. 对我们来说，学好英语是非常重要的。 ______ ______ very important ______ us ______ ______ English well. 【答案】It is; for; to learn 【解析】句意：对我们来说，学好英语是非常重要的。It is + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth 是固定句型，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to learn English well。 6. 我希望能在暑假期间环游世界。 I ______ ______ ______ around the world during the summer holiday. 【答案】hope to travel 【解析】句意：我希望能在暑假期间环游世界。hope to do sth 是固定搭配，意为 "希望做某事"。 7. 妈妈警告我不要在河里游泳，太危险了。 Mom ______ me ______ ______ ______ in the river. It's too dangerous. 【答案】warned; not to swim 【解析】句意：妈妈警告我不要在河里游泳，太危险了。warn sb not to do sth 是固定搭配，意为 "警告某人不要做某事"；事情发生在过去，用一般过去时 warned。 8. 他停下来和我打招呼，然后继续往前走。 He ______ ______ ______ hello to me, and then went on walking. 【答案】stopped to say 【解析】句意：他停下来和我打招呼，然后继续往前走。stop to do sth 表示 "停下来去做另一件事"（区别于 stop doing sth"停止正在做的事"）；事情发生在过去，用一般过去时 stopped。 9. 他们邀请我参加他们的生日派对。 They ______ me ______ ______ their birthday party. 【答案】invited; to join 【解析】句意：他们邀请我参加他们的生日派对。invite sb to do sth 是固定搭配，意为 "邀请某人做某事"；事情发生在过去，用一般过去时 invited。 10. 我忘记把书还给图书馆了。 I ______ ______ ______ the book to the library. 【答案】forgot to return 【解析】句意：我忘记把书还给图书馆了。forget to do sth 表示 "忘记去做某事（事情未做）"（区别于 forget doing sth"忘记做过某事"）；事情发生在过去，用一般过去时 forgot。 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School's Green Project Last month, our school started a "Green Planet" project. The teacher asked us 1 something to make our school more beautiful and environmentally friendly (环保的). All the students were very excited and decided 2 an active part in it. Our class first had a meeting 3 ideas. Some students wanted 4 more trees and flowers around the playground. Others advised 5 a recycling (回收) corner in each classroom. Finally, we decided to do both. It is important 6 everyone to protect the environment. We started 7 trees last Friday. Our teacher told us 8 carefully when we were digging holes (挖坑). We also made posters 9 other students to save water and electricity. Now our school looks much more beautiful. We feel very happy 10 we can do something meaningful for our planet. We hope more people will join us to protect our home. 1. A. do B. to do C. doing D. did 2. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 3. A. discuss B. discussed C. to discuss D. discussing 4. A. plant B. to plant C. planting D. planted 5. A. set up B. to set up C. setting up D. sets up 6. A. for B. of C. to D. with 7. A. plant B. to plant C. planted D. plants 8. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 9. A. remind B. reminded C. to remind D. reminding 10. A. because B. but C. so D. or 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者学校上个月启动 "绿色星球" 环保项目后，全班同学积极讨论并参与植树、制作环保海报等活动，让校园变得更美丽，同时表达了大家为保护地球贡献力量的喜悦和呼吁更多人加入的愿望。 1. 句意：老师让我们做些事让学校更美丽、更环保。 解析：固定搭配 ask sb to do sth，意为 "要求某人做某事"，不定式作宾语补足语。 2. 句意：所有学生都很兴奋，决定积极参与其中。 解析：固定搭配 decide to do sth，意为 "决定做某事"，不定式作宾语。 3. 句意：我们班首先开了个会来讨论想法。 解析：不定式 to discuss 作目的状语，表示开会的目的是讨论想法。 4. 句意：一些学生想在操场周围种更多的树和花。 解析：固定搭配 want to do sth，意为 "想要做某事"，不定式作宾语。 5. 句意：其他人建议在每个教室设立一个回收角。 解析：固定搭配 advise doing sth，意为 "建议做某事"，动名词作宾语。 6. 句意：对每个人来说，保护环境都很重要。 解析：固定句型 It is + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth，当形容词描述事物性质（important）时用 for。 7. 句意：我们上周五开始种树。 解析：固定搭配 start to do sth/start doing sth，意为 "开始做某事"，选项中只有 to plant 符合。 8. 句意：老师告诉我们挖坑时要小心。 解析：固定搭配 tell sb to do sth，意为 "告诉某人做某事"，不定式作宾语补足语。 9. 句意：我们还制作了海报来提醒其他同学节约用水用电。 解析：不定式 to remind 作目的状语，表示制作海报的目的是提醒他人。 10. 句意：我们感到非常开心，因为我们能为我们的星球做一些有意义的事。 解析：前后句是因果关系，用 because 引导原因状语从句。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Volunteer (志愿者) Day at the Animal ShelterThis Saturday is Volunteer Day at the city animal shelter. The shelter needs volunteers to help take care of homeless animals. If you love animals, this is a great chance for you! What you can do: ✷Walk dogs and play with cats ✷Clean the animals' houses ✷Help prepare food for the animals ✷Teach visitors how to look after pets properly If you want to join us, please call Mr. Li at 8765-4321 before Thursday. You need to bring a pair of gloves and wear comfortable clothes. The activity will start at 9:00 a.m. and end at 4:00 p.m. We will provide lunch for all volunteers. It is a wonderful experience to help these lovely animals. You will not only make new friends but also learn a lot about animal care. Come and join us! 1. When is the Volunteer Day? A. This Thursday B. This Friday C. This Saturday D. This Sunday 2. What do volunteers NOT need to do? A. Walk dogs B. Clean the houses C. Prepare food D. Buy animals toys 3. What should volunteers bring? A. A pair of gloves B. Comfortable shoes C. Lunch D. A pet 4. How long will the activity last? A. 5 hours B. 6 hours C. 7 hours D. 8 hours 5. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To introduce the animal shelter B. To ask people to volunteer at the shelter C. To tell people how to look after pets D. To describe the life of homeless animals 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 【解析】本文是一篇招募启事类应用文。主旨是市动物收容所发布本周六志愿者日的招募通知，介绍了志愿者的工作内容、报名方式、所需物品、活动时长及参与意义，呼吁热爱动物的市民报名参加。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 “This Saturday is Volunteer Day at the city animal shelter.” 可知，志愿者日在本周六，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据 “What you can do” 部分列举的四项工作，未提及 “购买动物玩具”，故选 D。 3. 细节理解题。根据 “You need to bring a pair of gloves and wear comfortable clothes.” 可知，志愿者需自带一副手套，故选 A。 4. 数字计算题。根据 “The activity will start at 9:00 a.m. and end at 4:00 p.m.”，计算得活动时长为 7 小时，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕动物收容所招募志愿者展开，核心目的是号召人们报名参与，故选 B。 B The Amazing World of BeesBees are very important insects in nature. They help pollinate (授粉) flowers and plants, which makes it possible for us to have fruits and vegetables. However, the number of bees is getting smaller and smaller these days. Scientists say that bees are disappearing because of pesticides (农药), climate change and loss of their living places. If bees disappear, our food supply (供应) will be in great danger. That's why many people are trying to protect bees. What can we do to help bees? We can plant more flowers that bees like in our gardens. We can also avoid using pesticides. Some schools even have their own beehives (蜂箱) to teach students about bees. Last week, our science teacher took us to a bee farm. We learned how bees make honey and how important they are to the environment. The farmer told us not to be afraid of bees because they only sting (蛰) people when they feel threatened (受到威胁的). It is our duty to protect these amazing insects. Let's work together to save the bees! 1. Why are bees important? A. They make honey for us B. They help pollinate plants C. They are beautiful insects D. They can sting bad people 2. Which of the following is NOT a reason for bees' disappearance? A. Pesticides B. Climate change C. Too many flowers D. Loss of living places 3. What can we do to help bees? A. Use more pesticides B. Plant fewer flowers C. Keep bees as pets D. Avoid using pesticides 4. What did the writer learn from the bee farm? A. Bees are very dangerous B. Bees sting people all the time C. How bees make honey D. How to keep bees at home 5. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. Bees will disappear soon B. No one cares about bees C. Protecting bees is important D. Bees are not important for food 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇科普类说明文。主旨是介绍蜜蜂在自然界中的核心作用、数量锐减的原因以及可行的保护措施，强调保护蜜蜂的紧迫性，呼吁人们共同守护这些神奇的昆虫。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 “They help pollinate flowers and plants, which makes it possible for us to have fruits and vegetables.” 可知，蜜蜂的重要性体现在帮助植物授粉，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 “Scientists say that bees are disappearing because of pesticides, climate change and loss of their living places.” 可知，“过多的花朵” 并非蜜蜂消失的原因，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “What can we do to help bees? We can also avoid using pesticides.” 可知，避免使用农药是保护蜜蜂的有效方式，故选 D。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句 “We learned how bees make honey and how important they are to the environment.” 可知，作者在蜂农场学到了蜜蜂酿蜜的过程，故选 C。 5. 推理判断题。全文围绕蜜蜂的生态价值、消失的严重后果及保护行动展开，可合理推断出保护蜜蜂具有重要意义，故选 C。 C A Day with a RobotLast Sunday, I got a chance to visit a robot exhibition (展览) with my parents. I was very excited because I had always wanted to see real robots. When we arrived, the first robot we saw was a cooking robot. It could make different kinds of food, like noodles, dumplings and hamburgers. It took only 5 minutes to make a hamburger. The food tasted delicious! Then we saw a cleaning robot. It could clean the floor, wash the windows and even take out the trash. It was very smart and could avoid obstacles (障碍物) by itself. The most interesting robot was a teaching robot. It could help students with their homework. It could speak English, Chinese and Japanese. It even could play chess with people. I played chess with it and lost! The exhibition also showed us how robots are used in hospitals. They can help doctors do operations (手术) and take care of patients. It is amazing how robots can make our life easier and better. I hope I can have my own robot one day. It will help me with my homework and do the housework. That would be wonderful! 1. Where did the writer go last Sunday? A. A science museum B. A robot exhibition C. A hospital D. A restaurant 2. How long did the cooking robot take to make a hamburger? A. 3 minutes B. 5 minutes C. 10 minutes D. 15 minutes 3. Which robot could play chess? A. The cooking robot B. The cleaning robot C. The teaching robot D. The hospital robot 4. What can robots do in hospitals according to the passage? A. Make food for patients B. Clean the hospital C. Help doctors do operations D. Teach patients English 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Robots are very expensive B. Robots can do many things C. The writer wants to be a robot scientist D. Robots will take the place of humans 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 【解析】本文是一篇叙事类记叙文。作者讲述了上周日和父母参观机器人展览的经历，依次介绍了烹饪、清洁、教学及医用机器人的不同功能，展现了机器人给生活带来的便利，表达了对拥有个人机器人的美好期待。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 “Last Sunday, I got a chance to visit a robot exhibition with my parents.” 可知，作者去了机器人展览，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 “It took only 5 minutes to make a hamburger.” 可知，烹饪机器人做汉堡仅需 5 分钟，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段 “The most interesting robot was a teaching robot... It even could play chess with people.” 可知，教学机器人会下棋，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句 “They can help doctors do operations and take care of patients.” 可知，医用机器人能协助医生做手术，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。全文介绍了多种具备不同功能的机器人及其在生活、医疗领域的应用，核心说明机器人能完成很多事情，故选 B。 D Our School's Book Sharing Project In order to encourage students to read more books, our school started a book sharing project last term. The project allows students to share their books with each other and read different kinds of books for free. There is a book sharing corner in each classroom. Students can bring their old books to the corner and take any book they like to read. The only rule is that they must return the book within two weeks. The project has been very successful so far. Many students have shared their books, and the corners are always full of interesting books. Our teacher says that reading is very important for us. It can help us improve our language skills and open our eyes to the world. Last month, we had a book sharing party. Students talked about their favorite books and recommended (推荐) good books to each other. We also made posters to introduce the books we liked. It was a great experience. I have read many interesting books through this project. I think it is a wonderful way to share knowledge and make new friends. I hope more students will join us and enjoy reading. 1. Why did the school start the book sharing project? A. To make money B. To encourage students to read more C. To collect old books D. To decorate the classrooms 2. Where is the book sharing corner? A. In the library B. In the playground C. In each classroom D. In the teachers' office 3. How long can students keep the books? A. For one week B. For two weeks C. For one month D. For two months 4. What did students do at the book sharing party? A. They sold their books B. They talked about their favorite books C. They read books quietly D. They wrote stories 5. What does the writer think of the project? A. It's boring B. It's useless C. It's wonderful D. It's difficult 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇校园生活类记叙文。作者介绍了学校上学期启动的图书共享项目，说明了项目的设立目的、实施规则、开展成效以及举办的图书分享会活动，表达了对该项目的高度认可，呼吁更多同学参与其中享受阅读。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 “In order to encourage students to read more books, our school started a book sharing project last term.” 可知，学校开展项目是为了鼓励学生多读书，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 “There is a book sharing corner in each classroom.” 可知，图书共享角设置在每个教室里，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 “The only rule is that they must return the book within two weeks.” 可知，学生最长可借书两周，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句 “Students talked about their favorite books and recommended good books to each other.” 可知，学生在分享会上交流喜爱的书籍并互相推荐，故选 B。 5. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句 “I think it is a wonderful way to share knowledge and make new friends.” 可知，作者认为这个项目非常棒，故选 C。 实战巩固·拓展培优 一、短文填空： 根据短文内容及所给提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our Trip to the Wetland ParkLast Saturday, our class went to the wetland park 1 (learn) about wetland ecosystems (生态系统). The teacher told us 2 (wear) comfortable shoes and bring a notebook. When we arrived, a guide (导游) welcomed us and started 3 (show) us around. He explained that wetlands are very important for the environment. They help clean the water and provide homes for many animals and plants. We saw many beautiful birds in the park. The guide advised us 4 (not make) loud noises because the birds might get scared. We also saw some fish swimming in the water and different kinds of plants growing in the wetland. It is necessary for us 5 (protect) wetlands. The guide told us that many wetlands are disappearing because people are building houses and factories on them. We decided 6 (do) something to help. We made posters 7 (tell) people about the importance of wetlands. We also promised 8 (not throw) rubbish in the park. Before we left, we planted a small tree in the park. I think it was a great trip. We learned a lot about nature and understood how important it is 9 (take) care of our environment. I hope 10 (visit) the wetland park again soon. 【答案】1. to learn 2. to wear 3. to show/showing 4. not to make 5. to protect 6. to do 7. to tell 8. not to throw 9. to take 10. to visit 【解析】本文是一篇校园研学游记。作者讲述了上周六班级前往湿地公园学习湿地生态系统的经历，介绍了湿地的环境价值与消失危机，记录了同学们制作海报、植树等保护行动，强调了保护环境的重要性。 1. 句意：上周六，我们班去湿地公园学习湿地生态系统。根据 “go to sp. to do sth.” 结构，不定式作目的状语，故填 to learn。 2. 句意：老师告诉我们穿舒适的鞋子并带一个笔记本。根据固定搭配 “tell sb. to do sth.”（告诉某人做某事），故填 to wear。 3. 句意：当我们到达时，一位导游欢迎我们并开始带我们参观。根据固定搭配 “start to do sth./start doing sth.”（开始做某事），故填 to show/showing。 4. 句意：导游建议我们不要大声喧哗，因为鸟儿可能会害怕。根据固定搭配 “advise sb. not to do sth.”（建议某人不要做某事），故填 not to make。 5. 句意：对我们来说，保护湿地是必要的。根据固定句型 “It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”（对某人来说做某事是…… 的），故填 to protect。 6. 句意：我们决定做些事情来帮忙。根据固定搭配 “decide to do sth.”（决定做某事），故填 to do。 7. 句意：我们制作海报来告诉人们湿地的重要性。不定式作目的状语，说明制作海报的目的，故填 to tell。 8. 句意：我们也承诺不在公园里扔垃圾。根据固定搭配 “promise not to do sth.”（承诺不做某事），故填 not to throw。 9. 句意：我们学到了很多关于自然的知识，也明白了照顾我们的环境有多重要。根据固定句型 “how important it is to do sth.”（做某事有多重要），故填 to take。 10. 句意：我希望很快能再次参观湿地公园。根据固定搭配 “hope to do sth.”（希望做某事），故填 to visit。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业05 动词不定式 知识复盘 一、基本概念 动词不定式由 “to + 动词原形” 构成，否定式为 “not to + 动词原形”，在句中可作主语、宾语、目的状语、宾语补足语等。 二、核心用法 1. 作宾语（动词 + to do） 教材核心动词：want, hope, decide, try, begin, start, learn, plan, prepare, choose, fail, remember, forget, agree, offer, promise 教材原句：I want to help protect wild animals. 2. 作目的状语 结构：to /in order to + 动词原形（可放在句首或句末） 教材原句：We build nature reserves to protect pandas. 3. 作宾语补足语（动词 + 宾语 + to do） 教材核心动词：ask, tell, invite, teach, advise, encourage, warn, order, want, would like 教材原句：The teacher told us not to feed the animals. 4. 省略 to 的不定式 结构：make/let/see/hear/watch/notice sb. do sth. 教材原句：The funny story made us laugh. 5. 作主语 常用形式主语 it 代替，结构：It is + 形容词 + (for/of sb.) + to do sth. 例：It is important to protect wild animals. 6. 疑问词 + 不定式 结构：what/how/when/where/which + to do 例：I don't know what to do next. 三、特殊用法 1. 省略 to 的不定式在被动语态中必须还原 to 例：He was made to finish the work by 5 o'clock. 2. 不定式作定语时，若动词是不及物动词，需加相应的介词 例：I need a pen to write with. 四、运用方法 1. 记住只能接 to do 作宾语的动词，不能接 doing 2. 表示目的时用不定式作状语 3. 使役动词和感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补 五、易错易混概念 1. 省略 to 的不定式被动语态漏加 to： 错误 He was made work. → 正确 He was made to work. 2. 疑问词 + 不定式多宾语： 错误 what to do it → 正确 what to do /how to do it 3. 目的状语用 for： 错误 I come here for learn. → 正确 I come here to learn. 4. stop to do/stop doing 混淆： stop to do 停下来去做另一件事；stop doing 停止正在做的事 5. forget to do/forget doing 混淆： forget to do 忘记要做某事；forget doing 忘记做过某事 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Our teacher advised us ______ the Science Museum this weekend to learn more about AI (人工智能). A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 2. —What do you plan ______ for the coming School Art Festival?—I decide ______ an English play with my classmates. A. do; put on B. to do; to put on C. doing; putting on D. to do; putting on 3. It is necessary ______ us ______ our teeth twice a day to keep healthy. A. for; to brush B. of; to brush C. for; brushing D. of; brushing 4. The little boy was made ______ his homework before watching TV by his mother. A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 5. —I don't know ______ for the picnic tomorrow.—Why not ask your teacher for some advice? A. what to buy B. how to buy C. when to buy D. where to buy 6. My father often tells me ______ too much time playing computer games. A. not to spend B. to not spend C. not spend D. don't spend 7. We went to the community center ______ the elderly people with their housework. A. help B. helped C. to help D. helping 8. I saw Tom ______ into the classroom just now. He must be in the library now. A. run B. to run C. ran D. running 9. —Don't forget ______ your homework here tomorrow, Jack.—OK, I won't. A. bring B. to bring C. bringing D. brought 10. I need a piece of paper ______. Can you pass me one? A. to write B. writing C. to write on D. writing on 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子。每空一词。 1. 为了保护濒危动物，我们应该建立更多的自然保护区。 ______ ______ endangered animals, we should build more nature reserves. 2. 她的哥哥想要成为一名宇航员，探索太空。 Her brother ______ ______ ______ an astronaut to explore space. 3. 老师教我们如何使用这台新的 3D 打印机 (printer)。 The teacher taught us ______ ______ ______ the new 3D printer. 4. 这个有趣的故事让我们所有人都笑了。 The interesting story ______ all of us ______. 5. 对我们来说，学好英语是非常重要的。 ______ ______ very important ______ us ______ ______ English well. 6. 我希望能在暑假期间环游世界。 I ______ ______ ______ around the world during the summer holiday. 7. 妈妈警告我不要在河里游泳，太危险了。 Mom ______ me ______ ______ ______ in the river. It's too dangerous. 8. 他停下来和我打招呼，然后继续往前走。 He ______ ______ ______ hello to me, and then went on walking. 9. 他们邀请我参加他们的生日派对。 They ______ me ______ ______ their birthday party. 10. 我忘记把书还给图书馆了。 I ______ ______ ______ the book to the library. 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School's Green Project Last month, our school started a "Green Planet" project. The teacher asked us 1 something to make our school more beautiful and environmentally friendly (环保的). All the students were very excited and decided 2 an active part in it. Our class first had a meeting 3 ideas. Some students wanted 4 more trees and flowers around the playground. Others advised 5 a recycling (回收) corner in each classroom. Finally, we decided to do both. It is important 6 everyone to protect the environment. We started 7 trees last Friday. Our teacher told us 8 carefully when we were digging holes (挖坑). We also made posters 9 other students to save water and electricity. Now our school looks much more beautiful. We feel very happy 10 we can do something meaningful for our planet. We hope more people will join us to protect our home. 1. A. do B. to do C. doing D. did 2. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 3. A. discuss B. discussed C. to discuss D. discussing 4. A. plant B. to plant C. planting D. planted 5. A. set up B. to set up C. setting up D. sets up 6. A. for B. of C. to D. with 7. A. plant B. to plant C. planted D. plants 8. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 9. A. remind B. reminded C. to remind D. reminding 10. A. because B. but C. so D. or 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Volunteer (志愿者) Day at the Animal ShelterThis Saturday is Volunteer Day at the city animal shelter. The shelter needs volunteers to help take care of homeless animals. If you love animals, this is a great chance for you! What you can do: ✷Walk dogs and play with cats ✷Clean the animals' houses ✷Help prepare food for the animals ✷Teach visitors how to look after pets properly If you want to join us, please call Mr. Li at 8765-4321 before Thursday. You need to bring a pair of gloves and wear comfortable clothes. The activity will start at 9:00 a.m. and end at 4:00 p.m. We will provide lunch for all volunteers. It is a wonderful experience to help these lovely animals. You will not only make new friends but also learn a lot about animal care. Come and join us! 1. When is the Volunteer Day? A. This Thursday B. This Friday C. This Saturday D. This Sunday 2. What do volunteers NOT need to do? A. Walk dogs B. Clean the houses C. Prepare food D. Buy animals toys 3. What should volunteers bring? A. A pair of gloves B. Comfortable shoes C. Lunch D. A pet 4. How long will the activity last? A. 5 hours B. 6 hours C. 7 hours D. 8 hours 5. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To introduce the animal shelter B. To ask people to volunteer at the shelter C. To tell people how to look after pets D. To describe the life of homeless animals B The Amazing World of BeesBees are very important insects in nature. They help pollinate (授粉) flowers and plants, which makes it possible for us to have fruits and vegetables. However, the number of bees is getting smaller and smaller these days. Scientists say that bees are disappearing because of pesticides (农药), climate change and loss of their living places. If bees disappear, our food supply (供应) will be in great danger. That's why many people are trying to protect bees. What can we do to help bees? We can plant more flowers that bees like in our gardens. We can also avoid using pesticides. Some schools even have their own beehives (蜂箱) to teach students about bees. Last week, our science teacher took us to a bee farm. We learned how bees make honey and how important they are to the environment. The farmer told us not to be afraid of bees because they only sting (蛰) people when they feel threatened (受到威胁的). It is our duty to protect these amazing insects. Let's work together to save the bees! 1. Why are bees important? A. They make honey for us B. They help pollinate plants C. They are beautiful insects D. They can sting bad people 2. Which of the following is NOT a reason for bees' disappearance? A. Pesticides B. Climate change C. Too many flowers D. Loss of living places 3. What can we do to help bees? A. Use more pesticides B. Plant fewer flowers C. Keep bees as pets D. Avoid using pesticides 4. What did the writer learn from the bee farm? A. Bees are very dangerous B. Bees sting people all the time C. How bees make honey D. How to keep bees at home 5. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. Bees will disappear soon B. No one cares about bees C. Protecting bees is important D. Bees are not important for food C A Day with a RobotLast Sunday, I got a chance to visit a robot exhibition (展览) with my parents. I was very excited because I had always wanted to see real robots. When we arrived, the first robot we saw was a cooking robot. It could make different kinds of food, like noodles, dumplings and hamburgers. It took only 5 minutes to make a hamburger. The food tasted delicious! Then we saw a cleaning robot. It could clean the floor, wash the windows and even take out the trash. It was very smart and could avoid obstacles (障碍物) by itself. The most interesting robot was a teaching robot. It could help students with their homework. It could speak English, Chinese and Japanese. It even could play chess with people. I played chess with it and lost! The exhibition also showed us how robots are used in hospitals. They can help doctors do operations (手术) and take care of patients. It is amazing how robots can make our life easier and better. I hope I can have my own robot one day. It will help me with my homework and do the housework. That would be wonderful! 1. Where did the writer go last Sunday? A. A science museum B. A robot exhibition C. A hospital D. A restaurant 2. How long did the cooking robot take to make a hamburger? A. 3 minutes B. 5 minutes C. 10 minutes D. 15 minutes 3. Which robot could play chess? A. The cooking robot B. The cleaning robot C. The teaching robot D. The hospital robot 4. What can robots do in hospitals according to the passage? A. Make food for patients B. Clean the hospital C. Help doctors do operations D. Teach patients English 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Robots are very expensive B. Robots can do many things C. The writer wants to be a robot scientist D. Robots will take the place of humans D Our School's Book Sharing Project In order to encourage students to read more books, our school started a book sharing project last term. The project allows students to share their books with each other and read different kinds of books for free. There is a book sharing corner in each classroom. Students can bring their old books to the corner and take any book they like to read. The only rule is that they must return the book within two weeks. The project has been very successful so far. Many students have shared their books, and the corners are always full of interesting books. Our teacher says that reading is very important for us. It can help us improve our language skills and open our eyes to the world. Last month, we had a book sharing party. Students talked about their favorite books and recommended (推荐) good books to each other. We also made posters to introduce the books we liked. It was a great experience. I have read many interesting books through this project. I think it is a wonderful way to share knowledge and make new friends. I hope more students will join us and enjoy reading. 1. Why did the school start the book sharing project? A. To make money B. To encourage students to read more C. To collect old books D. To decorate the classrooms 2. Where is the book sharing corner? A. In the library B. In the playground C. In each classroom D. In the teachers' office 3. How long can students keep the books? A. For one week B. For two weeks C. For one month D. For two months 4. What did students do at the book sharing party? A. They sold their books B. They talked about their favorite books C. They read books quietly D. They wrote stories 5. What does the writer think of the project? A. It's boring B. It's useless C. It's wonderful D. It's difficult 实战巩固·拓展培优 一、短文填空： 根据短文内容及所给提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our Trip to the Wetland ParkLast Saturday, our class went to the wetland park 1 (learn) about wetland ecosystems (生态系统). The teacher told us 2 (wear) comfortable shoes and bring a notebook. When we arrived, a guide (导游) welcomed us and started 3 (show) us around. He explained that wetlands are very important for the environment. They help clean the water and provide homes for many animals and plants. We saw many beautiful birds in the park. The guide advised us 4 (not make) loud noises because the birds might get scared. We also saw some fish swimming in the water and different kinds of plants growing in the wetland. It is necessary for us 5 (protect) wetlands. The guide told us that many wetlands are disappearing because people are building houses and factories on them. We decided 6 (do) something to help. We made posters 7 (tell) people about the importance of wetlands. We also promised 8 (not throw) rubbish in the park. Before we left, we planted a small tree in the park. I think it was a great trip. We learned a lot about nature and understood how important it is 9 (take) care of our environment. I hope 10 (visit) the wetland park again soon. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $