寒假作业03 动词不定式及基本句型（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业03 动词不定式及基本句型 动词不定式形式： 一、 基本结构 1. 肯定式：to + 动词原形 例：to study English、to finish the work 2. 否定式：not to + 动词原形 例：not to be late、not to make mistakes 3. 省略to的情况 使役动词（make /let/have）和感官动词（see /watch/hear /notice/feel 等）后接宾语时，不定式需省略to。 例：The teacher made him clean the classroom. 4. 动词不定式在句中常充当谓语的动词的宾语，这一类谓语动词常见的有： afford choose decide forget hope learn agree plan prepare promise refuse try want manage 【易错提醒】 动词help 后面的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to。如: She often helps me (to) do the housework.她常常帮我做家务。 We helped him (to) fix his bike.我们帮他修自行车。 二、 动词不定式的句法功能 1. 作主语 不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）后置，使句子结构更平衡。 直接作主语：To learn a foreign language well is important. 用it作形式主语：It is important to learn a foreign language well. 2. 作宾语 很多及物动词后常接不定式作宾语，常见动词有：want, hope, plan, decide, try, agree, refuse, promise 等。 例：She wants to go to the park this weekend. He decided to study harder for the exam. 3. 作宾语补足语 用于 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 不定式” 结构，补充说明宾语的动作。 例：My mother asked me to buy some milk. The teacher told us not to talk in class. 4. 作目的状语 动词不定式可以表示某一动作或状态的目的，为了使表达更加清楚或对目的加以强调，还可用in order to。 She got up early to catch the first bus.（为了赶早班车） She got up early in order to catch the first bus.（为了赶早班车） 【易错提醒】 疑问词 + 不定式 疑问词（what, which, how, where, when 等）可与不定式连用，构成短语，在句中作主语、宾语等。 例：I don’t know what to do next.（作宾语） How to solve the problem is a big challenge.（作主语） 二、 动词的分类 1. 实义动词（行为动词） 有具体动作或含义，能独立作谓语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。 及物动词 (vt.)：后面必须接宾语，意思才完整。 例：He finished his homework.（finish 后接宾语 homework） My mother cooked dinner for us.（cook 后接宾语 dinner） 不及物动词 (vi.)：后面不接宾语，意思也完整；若接宾语，需加介词。 例：The sun rises in the east.（rise 后无宾语） She listened to music carefully.（listen 是不及物动词，接宾语 music 需加介词 to） 2. 连系动词（系动词） 本身无完整词义，需接表语（名词、形容词等）构成系表结构，说明主语的状态或特征。 状态系动词：be (am, is, are, was, were) 例：She is a student. / The flower is beautiful. 感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 例：The cake tastes delicious. / You look tired. 变化系动词：become, get, turn, grow 例：The weather gets colder. / He became a doctor. 三、 英语五大基本句型 句型 1：主语 + 不及物动词 (S + V) 谓语是不及物动词，后面不需要接宾语，意思完整。 例：Birds fly.（主语 Birds；谓语 fly） He arrived yesterday.（主语 He；谓语 arrived；yesterday 是状语） 句型 2：主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (S + V + P) 谓语是系动词，后面接表语（说明主语的身份、特征），表语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语等。 例：She is a teacher.（表语：a teacher 名词） The soup tastes delicious.（表语：delicious 形容词） 句型 3：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V + O) 谓语是及物动词，后面必须接宾语，宾语通常是名词、代词或动名词。 例：We love our country.（宾语：our country） He likes playing basketball.（宾语：playing basketball） 句型 4：主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V + O + O) 谓语是双宾语及物动词，后面接两个宾语：间接宾语（人）和直接宾语（物）；可转换为 “主语 + 及物动词 + 直接宾语 + for/to + 间接宾语”。 例：She gave me a pen.（间接宾语 me；直接宾语 a pen）→ She gave a pen to me. My mother bought me a gift.→ My mother bought a gift for me. 句型 5：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S + V + O + C) 谓语是及物动词，后面接宾语和宾补（补充说明宾语的动作或状态），宾补可以是形容词、名词、不定式等。 例：We keep our classroom clean.（宾补：clean 形容词） They made him monitor.（宾补：monitor 名词） The teacher told us to study hard.（宾补：to study hard 不定式） 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择（每题1分，共25分） 1．The teacher asked us ________ the windows before leaving. A．close B．to close C．closing D．closed 2．The government has taken action ______ more nature reserves for wild animals in Jiangsu. A．create B．creating C．to create D．created 3．The doctor will do what he can ________ the girl who is badly hurt in the accident. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saves 4．—Please stay with me this weekend? —I’m sorry, but my father and I planned ________ Jiujiang a long time ago. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 5．My teacher advised me ________ notes while listening to the lecture on career planning. A．take B．taking C．to take D．took 6．—Daniel, could you please share your good ways to study with me? —________ well, you need to have strong drive and good habits first. A．To learn B．Learn C．Learning D．To learning 7．—Why do Chinese cities plant so many trees along streets? —They are doing this ________ make the environment greener and more beautiful. A．so that B．because of C．in order to D．instead of 8．When I have trouble with my study, my head teacher always encourages me ________ up. A．not giving B．not to give C．doesn’t give D．to give 9．The teacher let us ________ the classroom with digital tools. A．decorate B．to decorate C．decorating D．decorated 10．He asked me __________ the new app’s function. A．explain B．to explain C．explaining D．explained 11．The children’s laughter made the garden __________ alive. A．feel B．feels C．felt D．to feel 12．In order ________ the early bus to the city center, she was in a hurry. A．to miss B．not to miss C．to missing D．missed 13．When I feel down, my best friend always knows how ______ me up. A．cheer B．cheering C．to cheer D．cheers 14．The little boy looks sad. He doesn’t know who ________. A．to talk B．will talk C．talks to D．to talk to 15．—I didn’t hear you come in just now. —That’s good. We tried _________ any noise, for you were sleeping. A．not make B．not to make C．to make D．making 16．Mr. Lee is an animal lover. He does everything he can ________ animals. A．hunt B．to hunt C．to protect D．protecting 17．The structure of the sentence “I won’t lend you my homework.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V 18．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+O+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 19．The sentence structure of “My grandpa always walks his dog in the morning.” is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C 20．What is the sentence structure of “The heavy snow is falling on the ground.”? A．S+V+P. B．S+V+O. C．S+V+O+O. D．S+V. 21．Which of the following sentences has the structure “S+V+O”? A．Amy always helps her friends. B．She seems a little angry. C．The baby is crying loudly. D．The story is quite exciting. 22．Which of the following has the same structure as “Mr. Fan taught us English.”? A．We all laughed happily. B．I saw him crossing the street yesterday. C．His face turned red quickly. D．He gave the boy a lot of advice. 23．The sentence structure of “Our teachers always make their classes interesting and lively.” is ________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 24．Which of the following sentences follows the structure S+V+O? A．Dolphins swim fast. B．The dress looks shiny in the sun. C．Peter built his dog a house. D．The volunteers are cleaning the street. 25．The sentence structure of “The good news made me happy.” is ________. A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+O C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共15分） 1．The purpose of this activity is to (阻止) students from wasting food. 2．Be careful not (cut) your fingers when using the knife. 3．The government has taken measures to p the environment. 4．We should try (learn) more about different cultures. 5．We should try our best (protect) the Earth and its environment. 6．Making new things out of old ones can help (减少) waste. 7．My teacher encouraged me (make) new friends in the new school. 8．The funny story makes all the students l (发笑). 9．Jason was late for school and failed (catch) the school bus this morning. 10．Cleaning school areas carefully is a tradition in Japanese schools because it can help students (形成，开发) good habits. 11． (achieve) his dream, he didn’t give up trying again and again. 12．He always encourages us (develop) different hobbies. 13．The parents are trying their best (provide) a clean and comfortable environment for their children. 14．We should try (reduce) the use of electricity by turning off the lights. 15．It’s difficult for me (finish) the task in such a short time. 一、完形填空（每空1分，共15分） A What if the best learner in class never takes notes with a pen? When I first saw Lila in our school last term, I felt she was quite 1 —she only brought a notebook and a tape recorder to lessons. 2 we hurried to write down every word the teacher said, she just sat quietly, 3 on the blackboard. One day, our math teacher gave a surprise 4 . Most of us didn’t know how to answer the questions, but Lila finished 5 . When the teacher showed her paper with full marks to all of us, someone finally asked, “How do you remember everything without 6 ?” Lila smiled and played a short recording. It was the 7 voice explaining key points. “I don’t write every word,” she said. “I record the parts I might 8 , then listen to them while walking home. Writing down too much makes me 9 the teacher’s explanations.” We soon noticed more about her. After class, she often stayed to ask the teacher follow-up questions 10 rushing to play. When she made mistakes in homework, she would write down the 11 clearly, not just the correct answers. What impressed (给……留下印象) me most was her willingness to help others. Once, she spent three lunch breaks helping our classmate understand grammar rules—she 12 made simple cards for him. Now 13 thinks Lila is strange. She teaches us that being a good learner isn’t about working the hardest, but working the 14 . It means listening carefully, asking questions bravely, and never being afraid to 15 mistakes. True learning, as Lila shows us, is a journey of understanding, not just recording. 1．A．strange B．thoughtful C．curious D．energetic 2．A．Before B．When C．Until D．Once 3．A．ears B．nose C．eyes D．mouth 4．A．speech B．prize C．journey D．test 5．A．cheerfully B．quickly C．possibly D．secretly 6．A．writing B．remembering C．understanding D．asking 7．A．parent’s B．uncle’s C．teacher’s D．student’s 8．A．translate B．pronounce C．repeat D．forget 9．A．predict B．believe C．miss D．improve 10．A．because of B．instead of C．free of D．full of 11．A．importance B．grammar C．feelings D．reasons 12．A．still B．even C．ever D．never 13．A．nobody B．somebody C．anybody D．everybody 14．A．safest B．least C．smartest D．luckiest 15．A．encourage B．fix C．invent D．develop 二、阅读理解（每空2分，共20分） A Communication skills are essential for success in school and beyond. While technology has made it easier to connect, face-to-face interactions still play a vital role in building relationships. Verbal communication involves more than just speaking clearly—it requires listening actively. This means paying attention to the speaker, asking follow-up questions, and avoiding interruptions. A study by the Communication Research Institute found that students who practice active listening are 40% more likely to resolve conflicts and collaborate effectively in group projects. Nonverbal cues also matter. Body language, eye contact, and facial expressions can convey emotions more powerfully than words. For example, leaning forward and nodding shows interest, while crossing arms may signal defensiveness. Being aware of these cues helps avoid misunderstandings. In fact, research suggests that 55% of communication is nonverbal, while only 7% is based on words themselves. In written communication—whether emails, essays, or text messages—clarity is key. Avoid slang or vague language, and proofread to catch errors. A well-written message not only conveys information but also shows respect for the recipient. This is especially important in formal contexts, like emails to teachers or job applications. Technology has introduced new forms of communication, like video calls and social media. While these are convenient, they lack some nonverbal cues, making it easier to misinterpret tone. A 2021 study found that 60% of text messages are misinterpreted in terms of emotional tone. This is why it’s important to choose the right channel: a sensitive conversation about grades or feelings may be better in person than over a text. Practicing communication skills takes time. Role-playing with friends, joining debate clubs, or volunteering in community events can all help improve. The goal is to express oneself honestly while being mindful of others’ perspectives. As author Stephen Covey said, “Most people do not listen with the intent to understand; they listen with the intent to reply,”—but true communication requires both speaking and listening. 16．What does active listening involve? A．Speaking more than the other person. B．Paying attention and asking follow-up questions. C．Interrupting to share your opinion. D．Thinking of your response while others speak. 17．What percentage of communication is nonverbal, according to research? A．7%. B．40%. C．55%. D．60%. 18．What is important in written communication? A．Using slang to sound friendly. B．Sending messages quickly without proofreading. C．Being clear and checking for errors. D．Writing long paragraphs to show detail. 19．Why do text messages often get misinterpreted? A．They lack nonverbal cues. B．They are too short. C．People read them too quickly. D．They use too much formal language. 20．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Technology has made face-to-face communication unnecessary. B．Communication skills are crucial and can be improved with practice. C．Nonverbal cues are unimportant compared to words. D．Written communication is more effective than speaking. B I’m glad you wrote about your English study problems! You said you’re bad at English. I understand—last year, I was just like you. I hated English class because I couldn’t follow the teacher and was afraid to answer questions. But now I usually get 90 points. 21 First, I made a simple study plan. I don’t study for hours. Instead, I write small goals every Sunday night, like “remember 10 words daily,” “listen to a short English story for 15 minutes before bed,” or “write one sentence about my day.” 22 Small, regular steps are better than cramming and forgetting. 23 My teacher said, “Practice makes perfect.” So I stopped only reading textbooks. Now I watch short cartoons like Peppa Pig—its words are easy and the stories are funny. I also sing English songs with my sister, learning one every two weeks, like “You Are My Sunshine.” It’s more fun than memorizing grammar! When I don’t know a word, I write it in a notebook and look it up later. My teacher says I’m more careful and confident now— 24 Third, I ask for help. If I don’t understand grammar, I ask my teacher after class. She explains patiently. Sometimes I practice speaking with my Canadian pen pal Mia. She helps my pronunciation, 25 The most important thing: don’t give up! Learning one new word a day is progress (进步). Try my ideas and tell me how it goes. I believe you can get better too! A．You should make a plan too. B．Let me tell you how I did it. C．Second, I made English fun. D．and I tell her about Chinese festivals. E．I often watch cartoons with my pen pal. F．I always look up new words in a dictionary first. G．I even answered three questions in class last week! 三、任务型阅读（每空2分，共10分） Students usually learn lessons in class. They stay in the classroom and listen to teachers. This is one way of learning. But is it the only way? Of course not. Another way is self-teaching. For example, when you can’t remember something while doing homework, what will you do? You can turn to your book to find the answer. How to teach yourself? First, read. Read things that interest you. Second, you need to ask yourself questions. A clever student is often good at asking questions. Third, answer the questions yourself—by studying hard, reading books, or sometimes asking others. These ways of self-teaching are useful. If you keep doing them, you’ll surely make progress in your studies. 26．Where do students often learn their lessons? 27．What can you do if you can’t remember something when doing homework? 28．What is a clever student usually good at? 29．How many ways of self-teaching are mentioned? 30．What do you think of the ways of self-teaching? 根据短文内容及首字母提示、填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。（每空1分，共10分） Students are used to speaking Putonghua both at home and school. H 1 , some students from a primary school of Hunan have chosen to learn the local dialect (方言) in the classroom. According to China Daily, the dialect c 2 is offered on Friday afternoon in an after-school service class. And teachers from universities came to guide these students. Besides listening, speaking, reading and writing, students can learn about the idioms, nursery rhymes (童谣), figures of speech (修辞手法) and culture b 3 the dialect, according to Luo Xinru, one of the teachers from a related university. “It’s meaningful to the children when they grow up,” she said. “As the country has been spreading putonghua, many young l 4 do not know how to speak local dialects. Some old people still have difficulty making t 5 understood by the young. To solve this, we should e 6 students to speak dialects. When kids visit their grandparents, they can chat more smoothly and closely, i 7 of feeling distant because of language problems. What’s more, dialects are actually a simple way to show the traditional culture, helping children better understand the local history. As a r 8 , the country has started to preserve (保护) different language resources in recent years,” she said. Ms. Luo believes that spreading the u 9 of Putonghua and dialects is not contradictory (相互矛盾的). “P 10 of dialects is a future trend (趋势), and the languages can carry different cultures and values. They should not, and will not, disappear,” she said. We hope that more young people will love and learn their local dialects in the future. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业03 动词不定式及基本句型 动词不定式形式： 一、 基本结构 1. 肯定式：to + 动词原形 例：to study English、to finish the work 2. 否定式：not to + 动词原形 例：not to be late、not to make mistakes 3. 省略to的情况 使役动词（make /let/have）和感官动词（see /watch/hear /notice/feel 等）后接宾语时，不定式需省略to。 例：The teacher made him clean the classroom. 4. 动词不定式在句中常充当谓语的动词的宾语，这一类谓语动词常见的有： afford choose decide forget hope learn agree plan prepare promise refuse try want manage 【易错提醒】 动词help 后面的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to。如: She often helps me (to) do the housework.她常常帮我做家务。 We helped him (to) fix his bike.我们帮他修自行车。 二、 动词不定式的句法功能 1. 作主语 不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）后置，使句子结构更平衡。 直接作主语：To learn a foreign language well is important. 用it作形式主语：It is important to learn a foreign language well. 2. 作宾语 很多及物动词后常接不定式作宾语，常见动词有：want, hope, plan, decide, try, agree, refuse, promise 等。 例：She wants to go to the park this weekend. He decided to study harder for the exam. 3. 作宾语补足语 用于 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 不定式” 结构，补充说明宾语的动作。 例：My mother asked me to buy some milk. The teacher told us not to talk in class. 4. 作目的状语 动词不定式可以表示某一动作或状态的目的，为了使表达更加清楚或对目的加以强调，还可用in order to。 She got up early to catch the first bus.（为了赶早班车） She got up early in order to catch the first bus.（为了赶早班车） 【易错提醒】 疑问词 + 不定式 疑问词（what, which, how, where, when 等）可与不定式连用，构成短语，在句中作主语、宾语等。 例：I don’t know what to do next.（作宾语） How to solve the problem is a big challenge.（作主语） 二、 动词的分类 1. 实义动词（行为动词） 有具体动作或含义，能独立作谓语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。 及物动词 (vt.)：后面必须接宾语，意思才完整。 例：He finished his homework.（finish 后接宾语 homework） My mother cooked dinner for us.（cook 后接宾语 dinner） 不及物动词 (vi.)：后面不接宾语，意思也完整；若接宾语，需加介词。 例：The sun rises in the east.（rise 后无宾语） She listened to music carefully.（listen 是不及物动词，接宾语 music 需加介词 to） 2. 连系动词（系动词） 本身无完整词义，需接表语（名词、形容词等）构成系表结构，说明主语的状态或特征。 状态系动词：be (am, is, are, was, were) 例：She is a student. / The flower is beautiful. 感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 例：The cake tastes delicious. / You look tired. 变化系动词：become, get, turn, grow 例：The weather gets colder. / He became a doctor. 三、 英语五大基本句型 句型 1：主语 + 不及物动词 (S + V) 谓语是不及物动词，后面不需要接宾语，意思完整。 例：Birds fly.（主语 Birds；谓语 fly） He arrived yesterday.（主语 He；谓语 arrived；yesterday 是状语） 句型 2：主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (S + V + P) 谓语是系动词，后面接表语（说明主语的身份、特征），表语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语等。 例：She is a teacher.（表语：a teacher 名词） The soup tastes delicious.（表语：delicious 形容词） 句型 3：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V + O) 谓语是及物动词，后面必须接宾语，宾语通常是名词、代词或动名词。 例：We love our country.（宾语：our country） He likes playing basketball.（宾语：playing basketball） 句型 4：主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V + O + O) 谓语是双宾语及物动词，后面接两个宾语：间接宾语（人）和直接宾语（物）；可转换为 “主语 + 及物动词 + 直接宾语 + for/to + 间接宾语”。 例：She gave me a pen.（间接宾语 me；直接宾语 a pen）→ She gave a pen to me. My mother bought me a gift.→ My mother bought a gift for me. 句型 5：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S + V + O + C) 谓语是及物动词，后面接宾语和宾补（补充说明宾语的动作或状态），宾补可以是形容词、名词、不定式等。 例：We keep our classroom clean.（宾补：clean 形容词） They made him monitor.（宾补：monitor 名词） The teacher told us to study hard.（宾补：to study hard 不定式） 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择（每题1分，共25分） 1．The teacher asked us ________ the windows before leaving. A．close B．to close C．closing D．closed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师让我们离开前关上窗户。 考查非谓语动词。ask后接宾语时，需用ask sb. to do sth.的结构，表示“要求某人做某事”，此处应填动词不定式to close。故选B。 2．The government has taken action ______ more nature reserves for wild animals in Jiangsu. A．create B．creating C．to create D．created 【答案】C 【详解】句意：政府已经采取行动在江苏为野生动物建立更多的自然保护区。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。create创建，动词原形；creating创建，动名词；to create创建，动词不定式；created创建，动词过去分词。take action to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“采取行动做某事”，故此处需用动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。 3．The doctor will do what he can ________ the girl who is badly hurt in the accident. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：医生将会尽他所能去救在事故中严重受伤的女孩。 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，“what he can”是“do”的宾语，表示“他能做的事情”，而后面“…the girl who is badly hurt in the accident”是医生做这件事的目的，即“为了救在事故中严重受伤的女孩”，所以此处应该用动词不定式“to save”来表示目的。故选C。 4．—Please stay with me this weekend? —I’m sorry, but my father and I planned ________ Jiujiang a long time ago. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个周末请和我待在一起吧。——抱歉，但我和我爸爸很久之前就计划去九江了。 考查非谓语动词。plan后接动词时，常用plan to do sth.结构，意为“计划做某事”，此处需用不定式作宾语。故选C。 5．My teacher advised me ________ notes while listening to the lecture on career planning. A．take B．taking C．to take D．took 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的老师建议我在听职业规划讲座时记笔记。 考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知，此处为固定短语advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”，应用动词不定式。故选C。 6．—Daniel, could you please share your good ways to study with me? —________ well, you need to have strong drive and good habits first. A．To learn B．Learn C．Learning D．To learning 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Daniel，你能和我分享你的学习方法吗？——为了学习好 (知识)，你首先需要强烈的动力和好习惯。 考查非谓语动词。根据“... well, you need to have strong drive and good habits first.”可知，“有强烈的动力和良好的习惯”的目的是“学习好”，此处要用动词不定式“To learn”作目的状语。故选A。 7．—Why do Chinese cities plant so many trees along streets? —They are doing this ________ make the environment greener and more beautiful. A．so that B．because of C．in order to D．instead of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为什么中国的城市在沿街种这么多的树木？——他们这样做是为了让环境更绿更美丽。 考查目的状语。so that以便、为了；because of因为；in order to为了；instead of而不是。根据“They are doing this ... make the environment greener and more beautiful.”可知，沿街种树是为了让环境更好。in order to后接动词原形表示目的。故选C。 8．When I have trouble with my study, my head teacher always encourages me ________ up. A．not giving B．not to give C．doesn’t give D．to give 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我在学习上遇到困难时，我的班主任总是鼓励我不要放弃。 考查非谓语动词。根据“my head teacher always encourages me...up.”可知，班主任是鼓励“我”不要放弃。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，其否定形式为encourage sb. not to do sth.，表示“鼓励某人不要做某事”。故选B。 9．The teacher let us ________ the classroom with digital tools. A．decorate B．to decorate C．decorating D．decorated 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师让我们用数字化工具装饰教室。 考查非谓语动词。let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，固定搭配，此处需用不带to的不定式，即动词原形。故选A。 10．He asked me __________ the new app’s function. A．explain B．to explain C．explaining D．explained 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他让我解释这个新应用程序的功能。 考查非谓语动词。“ask sb. to do sth.”，是固定搭配，表示“要求某人做某事”，B项符合。故选B。 11．The children’s laughter made the garden __________ alive. A．feel B．feels C．felt D．to feel 【答案】A 【详解】句意：孩子们的笑声使花园感觉生机勃勃。 考查使役动词make的用法。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，make为使役动词，用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。 12．In order ________ the early bus to the city center, she was in a hurry. A．to miss B．not to miss C．to missing D．missed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了不错过开往市中心的早班车，她很匆忙。 考查非谓语动词。根据“In order ... the early bus to the city center”可知，此处表示目的，为了不错过早班车，用“in order not to do sth.”结构，意为“为了不做某事”，所以空处应填not to miss。故选B。 13．When I feel down, my best friend always knows how ______ me up. A．cheer B．cheering C．to cheer D．cheers 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我情绪低落时，我最好的朋友总是知道如何让我振作起来。 考查“疑问词+不定式”的结构。根据“my best friend always knows how...me up”可知，“how to do sth.”是“疑问词+不定式”的常见形式，表示“如何做某事”，此处表示如何让“我”振作起来，符合语境。故选C。 14．The little boy looks sad. He doesn’t know who ________. A．to talk B．will talk C．talks to D．to talk to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个小男孩看起来很伤心。他不知道该和谁说话。 考查非谓语动词。此处为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构，所以排除选项B和C；talk 为不及物动词，需接介词 to，可知排除A。故选 D。 15．—I didn’t hear you come in just now. —That’s good. We tried _________ any noise, for you were sleeping. A．not make B．not to make C．to make D．making 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我刚才没听见你进来。——那很好。我们尽量不弄出声音来，因为你在睡觉。 考查非谓语动词。短语try (not) to do sth.尽力（不）做某事，to do不定式的否定式是在to前面加not。根据下文“因为你在睡觉”可知“我们尽量不弄出声音来”。故选B。 16．Mr. Lee is an animal lover. He does everything he can ________ animals. A．hunt B．to hunt C．to protect D．protecting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：李先生是一位动物爱好者。他尽其所能来保护动物。 考查动词不定式的用法。hunt打猎，猎杀； protect保护。根据“Mr. Lee is an animal lover.”可知，李先生是一位动物爱好者，所以他应该是尽其所能来保护动物，而不是猎杀动物，故排除A、B选项；又因为“does everything he can”后应接不定式作目的状语，表示“尽其所能去做某事”，故排除D选项。故选C。 17．The structure of the sentence “I won’t lend you my homework.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V 【答案】C 【详解】句意：句子“我不会把我的作业借给你。”的结构是主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 考查句子结构。S+V+O主语 + 谓语 + 宾语；S+V+P主语 + 谓语 + 表语；S+V+IO+DO主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语；S+V主语 + 谓语。根据“I won’t lend you my homework.”可知，“I”是主语，“won’t lend”是谓语，“you”是间接宾语，“my homework”是直接宾语。故选C。 18．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+O+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“Eddie is watching Hobo work.”的句子结构是什么？ 考查句子结构。在句子“Eddie is watching Hobo work.”中，“Eddie”是主语（S），“is watching”是谓语动词（V），“Hobo”是宾语（O），而“work”是宾语补足语（OC），用于补充说明宾语“Hobo”的动作。因此，该句结构符合“主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语”（S+V+O+OC）的模式。故选D。 19．The sentence structure of “My grandpa always walks his dog in the morning.” is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“我爷爷总是在早上遛狗。”这句话的句型是主语+谓语+宾语。 考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P主语+系动词+表语；S+V+O+C主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。分析句子，My grandpa是主语，是动作发出者，walks是谓语，是核心动作，his dog是宾语，是动作作用对象，句子无系动词和宾语补足语，符合S+V+O结构，故选B。 20．What is the sentence structure of “The heavy snow is falling on the ground.”? A．S+V+P. B．S+V+O. C．S+V+O+O. D．S+V. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：大雪正落向地面。 考查句子结构。本句主语为“The heavy snow”，谓语动词为“is falling”，其中“on the ground”为地点状语，修饰动词，不属于基本结构，无宾语O或表语P。因此，句子结构是S+V。故选D。 21．Which of the following sentences has the structure “S+V+O”? A．Amy always helps her friends. B．She seems a little angry. C．The baby is crying loudly. D．The story is quite exciting. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子具有“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构？ 考查句子结构。Amy always helps her friends符合“主语+谓语+宾语”结构；She seems a little angry为“主语+系动词+表语”结构；The baby is crying loudly为“主语+不及物动词+状语”结构；The story is quite exciting为“主语+系动词+表语”结构。故选A。 22．Which of the following has the same structure as “Mr. Fan taught us English.”? A．We all laughed happily. B．I saw him crossing the street yesterday. C．His face turned red quickly. D．He gave the boy a lot of advice. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪句与“Mr. Fan taught us English.”结构相同？ 考查“主语+谓语+双宾语”结构。根据“Mr. Fan taught us English.”可知，“Mr. Fan”为主语；“taught”为及物动词，作谓语；“us”为间接宾语；“English”为直接宾语，此句为“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构。选项D结构与题干句子结构一致。“He”为主语；“gave”为及物动词，作谓语；“the boy”为间接宾语；“a lot of advice”为直接宾语。故选D。 23．The sentence structure of “Our teachers always make their classes interesting and lively.” is ________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“我们的老师总是让他们的课堂有趣且活泼。”的句子结构是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。 考查句子结构。“our teachers”为句子主语；“make”为句子谓语；“their classes”为句子宾语；“interesting and lively”为句子的宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明。故选C。 24．Which of the following sentences follows the structure S+V+O? A．Dolphins swim fast. B．The dress looks shiny in the sun. C．Peter built his dog a house. D．The volunteers are cleaning the street. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面哪个句子是主谓宾结构? 考查句子结构。Dolphins swim fast.句子结构为S+V；The dress looks shiny in the sun.句子结构为S+V+P；Peter built his dog a house.句子结构为S+V+IO+DO；The volunteers are cleaning the street.句子结构为S+V+O，符合题目要求。故选D。 25．The sentence structure of “The good news made me happy.” is ________. A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+O C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“The good news made me happy”句型结构是S+V+DO+OC。 考查句型结构。S+V+IO+DO主谓间宾直宾；S+V+O主谓宾；S+V+DO+OC主谓宾宾补；S+V+P主系表。The good news作主语；made作谓语；me作宾语；happy形容词作宾补。故选C。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共15分） 1．The purpose of this activity is to (阻止) students from wasting food. 【答案】prevent/stop 【详解】句意：这个活动的目的是阻止学生浪费食物。根据汉语提示可知，“阻止”对应的英文短语是“prevent/stop...from doing sth.”；前面有“to”（不定式符号），所以用动词原形。故填prevent/stop。   2．Be careful not (cut) your fingers when using the knife. 【答案】to cut 【详解】句意：用刀时要小心，不要切到手指。be careful (not) to do sth.意为“小心 (不要) 做某事”，固定句型，因此动词需用不定式形式。故填to cut。 3．The government has taken measures to p the environment. 【答案】protect/rotect 【详解】句意：政府已经采取措施来保护环境。根据首字母p及原句“the environment”可知，此处填动词protect，意为“保护”；take measures to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“采取措施做某事”，不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填protect。 4．We should try (learn) more about different cultures. 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：我们应该努力去了解更多不同的文化。learn“了解”，try to do sth.“努力做某事”，因此填动词不定式。故填to learn。 5．We should try our best (protect) the Earth and its environment. 【答案】to protect 【详解】句意：我们应该尽我们最大的努力去保护地球和它的环境。try one’s best to do sth.“尽某人最大努力去做某事”，protect“保护”，此处用动词不定式形式to protect。故填to protect。 6．Making new things out of old ones can help (减少) waste. 【答案】reduce 【详解】句意：用旧东西制作新物品有助于减少浪费。“减少”对应的单词是“reduce”，动词；根据“help…”可知，“help (to) do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“帮助做某事”，此处“to”可省略，应用动词原形reduce。故填reduce。 7．My teacher encouraged me (make) new friends in the new school. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：我的老师鼓励我在新学校结交新朋友。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定结构，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，其中“to do sth.”是动词不定式作宾语补足语。所以此处应填to make，make new friends表示“结交新朋友”。故填to make。 8．The funny story makes all the students l (发笑). 【答案】laugh/augh 【详解】句意：这个有趣的故事使所有的学生都发笑。根据汉语提示“发笑”可知，其对应英文为“laugh”，make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，此处用动词原形。故填laugh。 9．Jason was late for school and failed (catch) the school bus this morning. 【答案】to catch 【详解】句意：杰森上学迟到了，并且今天早上没能赶上校车。根据“Jason was late for school and failed…the school bus this morning.”可知，此处应使用“fail to do sth.”这一短语，表示“未能做某事”，此处指未能赶上校车。故填to catch。 10．Cleaning school areas carefully is a tradition in Japanese schools because it can help students (形成，开发) good habits. 【答案】develop/to develop 【详解】句意：在日本学校里，仔细打扫校园区域是一项传统，因为这能帮助学生养成好习惯。根据“help students... good habits”以及汉语提示“形成，开发”，此处需用“help sb. (to) do sth.”，develop意为“养成（习惯）”。故填develop/to develop。 11． (achieve) his dream, he didn’t give up trying again and again. 【答案】To achieve 【详解】句意：为了实现他的梦想，他一次又一次不放弃尝试。“achieve”是动词，意为“实现”。此处需用不定式结构To achieve作目的状语，表示“做某事的目的”，不定式作目的状语时，to需大写且置于句首，故填To achieve。 12．He always encourages us (develop) different hobbies. 【答案】to develop 【详解】句意：他总是鼓励我们培养不同的爱好。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to develop。 13．The parents are trying their best (provide) a clean and comfortable environment for their children. 【答案】to provide 【详解】句意：父母正在尽他们最大的努力为孩子们提供一个干净舒适的环境。“try one’s best to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“尽某人最大努力去做某事”，所以横线处应填动词不定式形式。provide“提供”，动词，其不定式形式为to provide。故填to provide。 14．We should try (reduce) the use of electricity by turning off the lights. 【答案】to reduce 【详解】句意：我们应该尽量通过关灯来减少用电。try to do sth“尽量做某事”，固定用法，动词要用不定式，reduce不定式为to reduce。故填to reduce。 15．It’s difficult for me (finish) the task in such a short time. 【答案】to finish 【详解】句意：对我来说，在这么短的时间内完成这项任务很难。分析句子可知，该句是：It’s+adj+for sb+to do sth“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”，结合所给词，finish“完成”，动词原形，此处应填入不定式to finish，作主语。故填to finish。 一、完形填空（每空1分，共15分） A What if the best learner in class never takes notes with a pen? When I first saw Lila in our school last term, I felt she was quite 1 —she only brought a notebook and a tape recorder to lessons. 2 we hurried to write down every word the teacher said, she just sat quietly, 3 on the blackboard. One day, our math teacher gave a surprise 4 . Most of us didn’t know how to answer the questions, but Lila finished 5 . When the teacher showed her paper with full marks to all of us, someone finally asked, “How do you remember everything without 6 ?” Lila smiled and played a short recording. It was the 7 voice explaining key points. “I don’t write every word,” she said. “I record the parts I might 8 , then listen to them while walking home. Writing down too much makes me 9 the teacher’s explanations.” We soon noticed more about her. After class, she often stayed to ask the teacher follow-up questions 10 rushing to play. When she made mistakes in homework, she would write down the 11 clearly, not just the correct answers. What impressed (给……留下印象) me most was her willingness to help others. Once, she spent three lunch breaks helping our classmate understand grammar rules—she 12 made simple cards for him. Now 13 thinks Lila is strange. She teaches us that being a good learner isn’t about working the hardest, but working the 14 . It means listening carefully, asking questions bravely, and never being afraid to 15 mistakes. True learning, as Lila shows us, is a journey of understanding, not just recording. 1．A．strange B．thoughtful C．curious D．energetic 2．A．Before B．When C．Until D．Once 3．A．ears B．nose C．eyes D．mouth 4．A．speech B．prize C．journey D．test 5．A．cheerfully B．quickly C．possibly D．secretly 6．A．writing B．remembering C．understanding D．asking 7．A．parent’s B．uncle’s C．teacher’s D．student’s 8．A．translate B．pronounce C．repeat D．forget 9．A．predict B．believe C．miss D．improve 10．A．because of B．instead of C．free of D．full of 11．A．importance B．grammar C．feelings D．reasons 12．A．still B．even C．ever D．never 13．A．nobody B．somebody C．anybody D．everybody 14．A．safest B．least C．smartest D．luckiest 15．A．encourage B．fix C．invent D．develop 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文通过描述莉拉独特的学习方法，阐述了真正学习在于理解而非简单记录的道理。 1．句意：上学期我第一次在学校看到莉拉时，我觉得她很奇怪——她只带了一本笔记本和一台录音机来上课。 strange奇怪的；thoughtful体贴的；curious好奇的；energetic精力充沛的。根据“she only brought a notebook and a tape recorder to lessons.”可知，她只带了一本笔记本和一台录音机来上课，这让人觉得很奇怪。故选A。 2．句意：当我们匆忙记下老师说的每一个字时，她只是静静地坐着，眼睛盯着黑板。 Before在……之前；When当……时候；Until直到；Once一旦。根据“we hurried to write down every word the teacher said, she just sat quietly”可知，此处指当“我们”匆忙记下老师说的每一个字时，莉拉只是静静地坐着，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选B。 3．句意：当我们匆忙记下老师说的每一个字时，她只是静静地坐着，眼睛盯着黑板。 ears耳朵；nose鼻子；eyes眼睛；mouth嘴巴。根据“on the blackboard”可知，此处指眼睛盯着黑板。故选C。 4．句意：一天，我们的数学老师进行了一次突击测试。 speech演讲；prize奖品；journey旅行；test测试。根据“Most of us didn’t know how to answer the questions”可知，此处指数学老师进行了一次突击测试。故选D。 5．句意：我们大多数人不知道如何回答这些问题，但莉拉很快就完成了。 cheerfully愉快地；quickly迅速地；possibly可能地；secretly秘密地。根据“Most of us didn’t know how to answer the questions, but Lila finished...”可知，此处表转折，说明莉拉很快就完成了测试。故选B。 6．句意：不写字你怎么记住一切？ writing写；remembering记住；understanding理解；asking问。根据“How do you remember everything without...”可知，此处指不写字怎么能记住一切。故选A。 7．句意：那是老师解释要点的声音。 parent’s父母的；uncle’s叔叔的；teacher’s老师的；student’s学生的。根据“voice explaining key points”可知，此处指老师解释要点的声音。故选C。 8．句意：我记录下我可能会忘记的部分，然后在走回家的时候听。 translate翻译；pronounce发音；repeat重复；forget忘记。根据“I record the parts I might..., then listen to them while walking home.”可知，此处指记录下可能会忘记的部分。故选D。 9．句意：写太多会让我错过老师的解释。 predict预测；believe相信；miss错过；improve提高。根据“Writing down too much makes me...the teacher’s explanations.”可知，此处指写太多会错过老师的解释。故选C。 10．句意：下课后，她经常留下来问老师后续问题，而不是急着去玩。 because of因为；instead of而不是；free of免于；full of充满。根据“she often stayed to ask the teacher follow-up questions...rushing to play.”可知，此处指她经常留下来问老师后续问题，而不是急着去玩。故选B。 11．句意：当她在作业中犯错误时，她会清楚地写下原因，而不仅仅是正确的答案。 importance重要性；grammar语法；feelings感觉；reasons原因。根据“When she made mistakes in homework, she would write down the...clearly, not just the correct answers.”可知，此处指她不仅写下正确答案，还会清楚地写下犯错的原因。故选D。 12．句意：有一次，她花了三个午餐休息时间帮助我们的同学理解语法规则——她甚至为他制作了简单的卡片。 still仍然；even甚至；ever曾经；never从不。根据“she spent three lunch breaks helping our classmate understand grammar rules—she...made simple cards for him.”可知，此处指她甚至为同学制作了简单的卡片。故选B。 13．句意：现在没人认为莉拉很奇怪了。 nobody没有人；somebody某人；anybody任何人；everybody每个人。根据“She teaches us that being a good learner isn’t about working the hardest, but working the...”可知，莉拉向我们展示了如何成为一个好的学习者，所以现在没人认为她很奇怪了。故选A。 14．句意：她告诉我们，成为一个好的学习者不是要最努力地学习，而是要最聪明地学习。 safest最安全的；least最少的；smartest最聪明的；luckiest最幸运的。根据“She teaches us that being a good learner isn’t about working the hardest, but working the...”可知，此处指成为一个好的学习者不是要最努力地学习，而是要最聪明地学习。故选C。 15．句意：永远不要害怕改正错误。 encourage鼓励；fix改正；invent发明；develop发展。根据“mistakes”可知，此处指“改正”错误。故选B。 二、阅读理解（每空2分，共20分） A Communication skills are essential for success in school and beyond. While technology has made it easier to connect, face-to-face interactions still play a vital role in building relationships. Verbal communication involves more than just speaking clearly—it requires listening actively. This means paying attention to the speaker, asking follow-up questions, and avoiding interruptions. A study by the Communication Research Institute found that students who practice active listening are 40% more likely to resolve conflicts and collaborate effectively in group projects. Nonverbal cues also matter. Body language, eye contact, and facial expressions can convey emotions more powerfully than words. For example, leaning forward and nodding shows interest, while crossing arms may signal defensiveness. Being aware of these cues helps avoid misunderstandings. In fact, research suggests that 55% of communication is nonverbal, while only 7% is based on words themselves. In written communication—whether emails, essays, or text messages—clarity is key. Avoid slang or vague language, and proofread to catch errors. A well-written message not only conveys information but also shows respect for the recipient. This is especially important in formal contexts, like emails to teachers or job applications. Technology has introduced new forms of communication, like video calls and social media. While these are convenient, they lack some nonverbal cues, making it easier to misinterpret tone. A 2021 study found that 60% of text messages are misinterpreted in terms of emotional tone. This is why it’s important to choose the right channel: a sensitive conversation about grades or feelings may be better in person than over a text. Practicing communication skills takes time. Role-playing with friends, joining debate clubs, or volunteering in community events can all help improve. The goal is to express oneself honestly while being mindful of others’ perspectives. As author Stephen Covey said, “Most people do not listen with the intent to understand; they listen with the intent to reply,”—but true communication requires both speaking and listening. 16．What does active listening involve? A．Speaking more than the other person. B．Paying attention and asking follow-up questions. C．Interrupting to share your opinion. D．Thinking of your response while others speak. 17．What percentage of communication is nonverbal, according to research? A．7%. B．40%. C．55%. D．60%. 18．What is important in written communication? A．Using slang to sound friendly. B．Sending messages quickly without proofreading. C．Being clear and checking for errors. D．Writing long paragraphs to show detail. 19．Why do text messages often get misinterpreted? A．They lack nonverbal cues. B．They are too short. C．People read them too quickly. D．They use too much formal language. 20．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Technology has made face-to-face communication unnecessary. B．Communication skills are crucial and can be improved with practice. C．Nonverbal cues are unimportant compared to words. D．Written communication is more effective than speaking. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．C 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了沟通技巧在学校及以后生活中的重要性，详细介绍了口头交流、非语言暗示、书面交流等不同沟通形式的特点和注意事项，同时指出科技带来的新沟通形式虽有便利但也存在局限，强调了通过练习提升沟通技巧的重要性。 16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Verbal communication involves more than just speaking clearly—it requires listening actively. This means paying attention to the speaker, asking follow-up questions, and avoiding interrupts.”可知，积极倾听包括关注说话者、提出后续问题以及避免打断，B选项“关注并提出后续问题”符合文意。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In fact, research suggests that 55% of communication is nonverbal, while only 7% is based on words themselves.”可知，研究表明55%的沟通是非语言的，C选项符合文意。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In written communication—whether emails, essays, or text messages—clarity is key. Avoid slang or vague language, and proofread to catch errors.”可知，在书面交流中，清晰是关键，要避免使用俚语或模糊的语言，并校对以发现错误，C选项“表达清晰并检查错误”符合文意。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Technology has introduced new forms of communication, like video calls and social media. While these are convenient, they lack some nonverbal cues, making it easier to misinterpret tone. A 2021 study found that 60% of text messages are misinterpreted in terms of emotional tone.”可知，短信经常被误解是因为它们缺乏非语言暗示，A选项符合文意。故选A。 20．主旨大意题。文章开篇指出沟通技巧在学校及以后的生活中至关重要，接着分别介绍了口头交流、非语言暗示、书面交流等不同沟通形式的特点和注意事项，还提到科技带来的新沟通形式虽有便利但也存在局限，最后强调练习沟通技巧需要时间，目标是真诚表达自己并考虑他人观点，由此可知文章主旨是沟通技巧至关重要且可通过练习提升，B选项符合文意。故选B。 B I’m glad you wrote about your English study problems! You said you’re bad at English. I understand—last year, I was just like you. I hated English class because I couldn’t follow the teacher and was afraid to answer questions. But now I usually get 90 points. 21 First, I made a simple study plan. I don’t study for hours. Instead, I write small goals every Sunday night, like “remember 10 words daily,” “listen to a short English story for 15 minutes before bed,” or “write one sentence about my day.” 22 Small, regular steps are better than cramming and forgetting. 23 My teacher said, “Practice makes perfect.” So I stopped only reading textbooks. Now I watch short cartoons like Peppa Pig—its words are easy and the stories are funny. I also sing English songs with my sister, learning one every two weeks, like “You Are My Sunshine.” It’s more fun than memorizing grammar! When I don’t know a word, I write it in a notebook and look it up later. My teacher says I’m more careful and confident now— 24 Third, I ask for help. If I don’t understand grammar, I ask my teacher after class. She explains patiently. Sometimes I practice speaking with my Canadian pen pal Mia. She helps my pronunciation, 25 The most important thing: don’t give up! Learning one new word a day is progress (进步). Try my ideas and tell me how it goes. I believe you can get better too! A．You should make a plan too. B．Let me tell you how I did it. C．Second, I made English fun. D．and I tell her about Chinese festivals. E．I often watch cartoons with my pen pal. F．I always look up new words in a dictionary first. G．I even answered three questions in class last week! 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 24．G 25．D 【导语】作者通过分享自己从讨厌英语到取得进步的经历，向读者介绍了提升英语水平的方法，包括制定简单的学习计划、让英语学习变得有趣以及寻求帮助等，并鼓励读者不要放弃，坚持学习。 21．根据上文“You said you’re bad at English. I understand—last year, I was just like you. I hated English class...But now I usually get 90 points.”可知，作者曾经和读者一样英语不好，但现在取得了进步，此处应引出作者分享自己是如何做到的。选项B“让我告诉你我是怎么做到的。”符合语境。故选B。 22．根据上文“First, I made a simple study plan.”以及下文“Small, regular steps are better than cramming and forgetting.”可知，作者制定了简单的学习计划，并强调小而规律的步骤比死记硬背要好，此处应建议读者也制定计划。选项A“你也应该制定一个计划。”符合语境。故选A。 23．根据下文“My teacher said, ‘Practice makes perfect.’ So I stopped only reading textbooks. Now I watch short cartoons...I also sing English songs...”可知，作者通过看动画片，唱英文歌等方式让英语学习变得有趣，此处应作为该段的主题句，引出下文内容。选项C“第二，我让英语变得有趣。”符合语境。故选C。 24．根据上文“My teacher says I’m more careful and confident now—”可知，此处应说明老师评价作者现在更细心、更自信的具体表现。选项G“我上周甚至在课堂上回答了三个问题！”符合语境，是作者自信的表现。故选G。 25．根据上文“Sometimes I practice speaking with my Canadian pen pal Mia. She helps my pronunciation,”可知，作者有时会和加拿大的笔友Mia练习口语，她帮助作者纠正发音，此处应说明作者也帮助Mia学习中文，体现双方的互相帮助。选项D“我给她讲中国的节日。”符合语境。故选D。 三、任务型阅读（每空2分，共10分） Students usually learn lessons in class. They stay in the classroom and listen to teachers. This is one way of learning. But is it the only way? Of course not. Another way is self-teaching. For example, when you can’t remember something while doing homework, what will you do? You can turn to your book to find the answer. How to teach yourself? First, read. Read things that interest you. Second, you need to ask yourself questions. A clever student is often good at asking questions. Third, answer the questions yourself—by studying hard, reading books, or sometimes asking others. These ways of self-teaching are useful. If you keep doing them, you’ll surely make progress in your studies. 26．Where do students often learn their lessons? 27．What can you do if you can’t remember something when doing homework? 28．What is a clever student usually good at? 29．How many ways of self-teaching are mentioned? 30．What do you think of the ways of self-teaching? 【答案】26．In the classroom. 27．Turn to your book to find the answer. 28．Asking questions. 29．Three/3. 30．They are useful. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了学生除了在课堂上学习外，还可以通过自学的方式提升学习效果，并列举了三种自学方法。 26．根据“Students usually learn lessons in class. They stay in the classroom and listen to teachers.”可知，学生常在教室学习。故填In the classroom. 27．根据“when you can’t remember something while doing homework, what will you do? You can turn to your book to find the answer.”可知，解决方法是查阅书本。故填Turn to your book to find the answer. 28．根据“A clever student is often good at asking questions.”可知，擅长提问是聪明学生的特点。故填Asking questions. 29．根据“First, read…Second, you need to ask yourself questions…Third, answer the questions yourself—by studying hard, reading books, or sometimes asking others”可知，共提到三种自学方法。故填Three/3. 30．开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。参考答案为They are useful. 根据短文内容及首字母提示、填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。（每空1分，共10分） Students are used to speaking Putonghua both at home and school. H 1 , some students from a primary school of Hunan have chosen to learn the local dialect (方言) in the classroom. According to China Daily, the dialect c 2 is offered on Friday afternoon in an after-school service class. And teachers from universities came to guide these students. Besides listening, speaking, reading and writing, students can learn about the idioms, nursery rhymes (童谣), figures of speech (修辞手法) and culture b 3 the dialect, according to Luo Xinru, one of the teachers from a related university. “It’s meaningful to the children when they grow up,” she said. “As the country has been spreading putonghua, many young l 4 do not know how to speak local dialects. Some old people still have difficulty making t 5 understood by the young. To solve this, we should e 6 students to speak dialects. When kids visit their grandparents, they can chat more smoothly and closely, i 7 of feeling distant because of language problems. What’s more, dialects are actually a simple way to show the traditional culture, helping children better understand the local history. As a r 8 , the country has started to preserve (保护) different language resources in recent years,” she said. Ms. Luo believes that spreading the u 9 of Putonghua and dialects is not contradictory (相互矛盾的). “P 10 of dialects is a future trend (趋势), and the languages can carry different cultures and values. They should not, and will not, disappear,” she said. We hope that more young people will love and learn their local dialects in the future. 【答案】 1．However/owever 2．course/ourse 3．behind/ehind 4．locals/ocals 5．themselves/hemselves 6．encourage/ncourage 7．instead/nstead 8．result/esult 9． use/usage/se/sage 10． Protection/Preservation/rotection/reservation 【导语】本文主要介绍了湖南某小学开设方言课程，旨在帮助学生学习当地方言，从而更好地理解传统文化和历史，展现了国家保护语言资源的趋势。 1．句意：然而，湖南一所小学的部分学生却选择在课堂上学习本地方言。根据“Students are used to speaking Putonghua...some students...have chosen to learn the local dialect (方言)”可知，前文讲习惯说普通话，后文讲选择学方言，两句之间存在明显的转折关系。however然而，副词，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填However。 2．句意：据《中国日报》报道，这门方言课程在周五下午的课后服务课中开设。根据“the dialect...is offered on Friday afternoon in an after-school service class”可知，方言作为一种教学内容在特定时间被提供，此处应是指课程。course课程，名词作主语，根据be动词is可知用单数。故填course。 3．句意：据相关高校的一位老师罗心如介绍，除了听、说、读、写，学生们还能了解方言背后的成语、童谣、修辞手法与文化。根据“students can learn about...and culture...the dialect”可知，此处探讨的是隐藏在方言这一语言形式后面的深层文化底蕴。behind在……后面，介词。故填behind。 4．句意：“随着国家推广普通话，许多年轻的当地人已经不会说本地方言了。”根据“many young...do not know how to speak local dialects”可知，不懂说当地方言的通常是当地的年轻人。local当地人，可数名词；many修饰复数名词，故需用复数形式。故填locals。 5．句意：一些老人仍难以让年轻人听懂自己的话。根据“Some old people still have difficulty making...understood by the young”可知，主语是Some old people，宾语指代主语本身，也就是让他们自己被理解。make oneself understood是固定搭配，意为“使别人明白自己的意思”。故填themselves。 6．句意：为了解决这个问题，我们应该鼓励学生说方言。根据“To solve this, we should...students to speak dialects.”可知，针对年轻人不会说方言的问题，解决办法是鼓励他们去说。encourage鼓励，动词；情态动词should后接动词原形。故填encourage。 7．句意：当孩子们去看望祖父母时，他们可以更顺畅、更亲近地聊天，而不会因为语言问题感到疏远。根据“they can chat more smoothly and closely, ...of feeling distant”可知，前半句的“顺畅亲密”与后半句的“感到疏远”形成对比，表示“而不是”。instead of意为“而不是”，介词短语。故填instead。 8．句意：“因此，国家近年来已经开始保护不同的语言资源，”她说。根据“As a..., the country has started to preserve...”可知，此处用作句首状语，引出国家采取措施这一结果。As a result结果，是固定短语。故填result。 9．句意：罗老师认为，推广普通话和方言的使用并不矛盾。根据“spreading the...of Putonghua”可知，此处指推广普通话的使用。use/usage意为“使用，用法”，名词作宾语。故填use/usage。 10．句意：“方言的保护是未来的趋势，而这些语言能够承载不同的文化与价值。” 根据“...of dialects is a future trend (趋势)”以及“preserve (保护) different language resources”可知，此处指方言的保护是未来的趋势。protection和preservation均意为“保护”，名词作主语，位于句首首字母需大写。故填Protection/Preservation。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $