暑假自学课第1讲时态大复习（讲义）-2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级全一册

新九年级暑假自学课 人教版2024 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第1讲 时态大复习 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新九年级（八升九） ⊙ 教材版本：人教版2024 ⊙ 内容说明：系统复习八大时态的核心用法、结构标志词及时态对比 Part 1 温故知新 —— 四大基础时态 一、一般现在时（Simple Present） 用法：表示经常性/习惯性的动作、客观真理或当前的状态。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + do/does / am/is/are I often play basketball. / She reads every day. 否定句 主语 + don't/doesn't + 动原 / am/is/are + not He doesn't like coffee. 疑问句 Do/Does + 主语 + 动原? / Am/Is/Are + 主语? Do you like music? / Is she a teacher? 标志词：every day, often, always, usually, sometimes, on Sundays, once a week 【易错点拨】主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it）时，动词要加-s/-es。 【易错点拨】表示客观真理、科学事实必须用一般现在时，即使主句是过去时：The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.（不能用went） 二、现在进行时（Present Continuous） 用法：表示现在正在进行的动作，或按计划安排近期将要发生的动作。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + doing They are playing football now. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + doing She isn't sleeping at the moment. 疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + doing? Are you reading a book? 标志词：now, at the moment, Listen!, Look!, these days, this week 【易错点拨】表示"按计划即将发生的动作"：I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.（go/come/leave/arrive/start等趋向动词用现在进行时表将来） 【易错点拨】表示状态、感觉、拥有的动词（know, love, hate, want, need, belong to）一般不用于进行时。 三、一般将来时（Simple Future） 用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + will + 动原 / be going to + 动原 I will visit my grandparents tomorrow. 否定句 主语 + won't + 动原 / be not going to + 动原 I won't go to the party. 疑问句 Will + 主语 + 动原? / Be + 主语 + going to? Will you come with me? will vs be going to will表临时决定/预测；be going to表计划/迹象 — I'm going to be a doctor. / Look at the clouds! It's going to rain. 标志词：tomorrow, next week/month/year, soon, in the future, this evening 【易错点拨】主将从现：在if/unless/as soon as/when/before/after引导的状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。 例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（不用will rain） 四、一般过去时（Simple Past） 用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 I watched a movie last night. 否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 He didn't go to school yesterday. 疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形? Did you see the accident? 标志词：yesterday, last night/week, ... ago, in 2020, the day before yesterday, just now 不规则动词重点记忆（中考高频40个）： 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 be was/were have/has had do did go went see saw eat ate take took buy bought get got make made know knew think thought tell told speak spoke write wrote read read Part 2 习新知法 —— 四大进阶时态 & 时态对比 一、过去进行时（Past Continuous） 用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + doing I was reading at 8:00 yesterday. 否定句 主语 + wasn't/weren't + doing She wasn't sleeping when I called. 疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + doing? Were you watching TV at that time? 标志词：at that time/moment, at 8:00 yesterday, when + 一般过去时, while + 延续动词 【核心对比】when vs while： • when + 短暂动词（一般过去时）+ 主句过去进行时：When I came in, she was reading. • while + 延续动词（过去进行时）+ 主句一般过去时：While I was reading, my mother came in. • 两者也可都表示"同时进行"：I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking. 二、现在完成时（Present Perfect） 用法一：过去的动作对现在有影响或产生结果。 用法二：从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. 否定句 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 He hasn't come back yet. 疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词? Have you ever been to Beijing? 标志词 already, yet, ever, never, just, so far, recently, since, for — 【重点辨析】have been to / have gone to / have been in 结构 含义 例句 have been to + 地点 去过某地（已回来） I have been to Shanghai twice. have gone to + 地点 去了某地（人不在说话地） He has gone to Beijing.（他不在） have been in + 地点 在某地待了多久 She has been in Shanghai for 5 years. 【易错点拨】现在完成时不能和具体的过去时间状语（yesterday, last week, ...ago）连用。 【易错点拨】just now是"刚才"，是一般过去时的标志词，不是现在完成时！ 三、过去完成时（Past Perfect） 用法：表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即"过去的过去"。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + had + 过去分词 I had finished my homework before my mother came back. 否定句 主语 + hadn't + 过去分词 She hadn't learned English before she went to school. 疑问句 Had + 主语 + 过去分词? Had you ever seen such a thing before? 标志词：by + 过去时间（by last year, by the end of last term）, before, after, when, already（在过去之前） 【核心对比】一般过去时 vs 过去完成时： • When I arrived, he left.（我到达时，他离开了。——同时发生） • When I arrived, he had already left.（我到达时，他已经离开了。——在我到达之前他就离开了，"过去的过去"） 【典型句型】 • By the time I got to the station, the train had already left. • The movie had already started when we arrived at the cinema. • After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 四、过去将来时（Past Future） 用法：从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句（主句为过去时）。 结构 用法 例句 would + 动原 从过去看将要发生 He said he would come the next day. was/were going to + 动原 过去的计划/打算 I thought it was going to rain. was/were to + 动原 命中注定/安排 They said the meeting was to start at 9. 标志词：the next day, the following week, then, later -- She told me she would visit her grandparents the next weekend. -- I didn't know if he would come to the party. 五、八大时态综合对比（中考高频考点） 1. 一般现在时 vs 现在进行时 — 一般现在时表示经常性动作：He goes to school by bus every day. — 现在进行时表示正在做：He is going to school by bus now.（此刻正在做） 2. 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 — 一般过去时强调动作发生在过去，与现在无关：I saw the movie yesterday.（只说昨天看了） — 现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响/结果：I have seen the movie.（了解内容，无需再看） 3. 一般过去时 vs 过去完成时 — 一般过去时：过去的动作（一个时间点）I finished my homework at 8:00. — 过去完成时：在过去的某个动作之前发生（"过去的过去"）I had finished my homework before 8:00. 4. 延续性动词 vs 终止性动词（现在完成时考点） 终止性动词（瞬间动词）不能和一段时间连用，需转化为延续性动词： 终止性动词 → 延续性动词 buy → have borrow → keep join → be in / be a member of leave → be away (from) die → be dead begin/start → be on -- I have bought a book yesterday.（错误！yesterday不能与现在完成时连用） -- I have bought the book for three days.（错误！bought不能接时间段） -- I have had the book for three days.（正确！） 六、主将从现原则（中考必考） 在 if/unless/as soon as/when/before/after/until 引导的状语从句中，主句用将来时（will/shall/can/may等），从句用一般现在时。 -- If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. -- He won't believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. -- As soon as I get home, I will call you. 注意：当if引导的是宾语从句（"是否"）时，从句可以根据需要使用将来时：I don't know if it will rain tomorrow.（这里if=whether） Part 3 基础巩固 一、用所给动词的正确时态填空。 (1) He often ______ (go) to the library on weekends. (2) Listen! Someone ______ (sing) in the next room. (3) They ______ (build) a new hospital here next year. (4) My mother ______ (cook) dinner when I got home yesterday. (5) I ______ already ______ (finish) my homework. (6) She ______ (live) here since 2019. (7) The train ______ (leave) before we arrived at the station. (8) I ______ (visit) the Great Wall last summer. (9) She said she ______ (come) to the party the next day. (10) If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we will stay at home. 二、单项选择。 1. She ___ to school by bus every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. went 2. Look! The children ___ games in the park. A. play B. played C. are playing D. have played 3. We ___ a picnic if it is fine tomorrow. A. have B. will have C. had D. have had 4. I ___ a strange dream last night. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had 5. She ___ TV when her mother came home. A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. has watched 6. They ___ already ___ the work. A. have; finished B. has; finished C. did; finish D. were; finishing 7. By the time I got there, the bus ___. A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. has left 8. He ___ in this city since 2015. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. will live 9. My brother is not at home. He ___ to Shanghai. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes 10. She told me she ___ me the next day. A. called B. would call C. calls D. is calling 11. I ___ this book for two weeks. It's very interesting. A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. had 12. When I ___ the room, he was reading a book. A. entered B. enter C. had entered D. was entering 13. The earth ___ around the sun. A. go B. goes C. went D. is going 14. While I ___ my homework, my mother came in. A. do B. did C. was doing D. have done 15. I ___ never ___ to a foreign country. A. have; been B. have; gone C. did; go D. am; going 三、用 since 或 for 填空。 (1) ______ 2021 (2) ______ three days (3) ______ last year (4) ______ a long time (5) ______ I was ten (6) ______ two hours (7) ______ last Sunday (8) ______ five years 四、用 have been to / have gone to / have been in 填空。 (1) My father isn't at home. He ______ ______ ______ Shanghai. (2) I ______ ______ ______ ______ the museum three times. (3) She ______ ______ ______ Shanghai for five years. (4) ______ you ever ______ ______ ______ London? (5) They ______ ______ ______ the library. They will be back soon. Part 4 提高挑战 一、改错：下列各句中有一处错误，请改正。 (1) I have went to the museum yesterday. ________________ (2) She has lived here since two years. ________________ (3) If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home. ________________ (4) He didn't finished his homework yet. ________________ (5) They were playing football when it is raining. ________________ (6) By the time I got there, he already left. ________________ (7) I have bought this dictionary for three years. ________________ (8) She said she will come to my birthday party. ________________ 二、阅读短文，用所给词的正确时态填空。 Tom ______ (1.be) a middle school student. He ______ (2.live) in a small town since he was born. Last summer, he ______ (3.go) to Beijing with his parents. They ______ (4.visit) the Great Wall and ______ (5.take) many photos. Tom was very happy. While he ______ (6.play) in the park, he ______ (7.meet) an old friend. He ______ already ______ (8.finish) his homework before his mother came back. He ______ (9.watch) TV when his mother came in. Tom said he ______ (10.become) a tour guide in the future. 三、翻译句子。 (1) 我自从2018年就住在这里。________________ (2) 你曾经去过长城吗？________________ (3) 当我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。________________ (4) 到去年为止，他已经学会了1000个英语单词。________________ (5) 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。________________ (6) 他告诉我他下个星期会来看我。________________ 四、短文填空（根据上下文和提示词，用正确的时态填空）。 Dear Diary, Today ______ (1.be) a special day. I ______ (2.get) up early because I ______ (3.have) an important exam. I ______ (4.study) for this exam for two weeks. While I ______ (5.have) breakfast, my mom ______ (6.encourage) me. "You can do it!" she said. After I ______ (7.finish) the exam, I felt very happy. I ______ (8.call) my best friend and we decided to go to the movies together. I think I ______ (9.do) well in the exam. By the time I ______ (10.get) home, my mom had already prepared a big dinner for me. What a wonderful day! Part 5 本讲总结 八大时态结构速查表 时态 结构 关键词 用法 一般现在时 do/does / am/is/are every day, often, always, usually, sometimes, on Sundays 经常性动作、客观真理、当前状态 现在进行时 am/is/are + doing now, at the moment, Listen!, Look! 正在进行的动作或已经安排好的近期计划 一般将来时 will do / be going to do tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future 将要发生的动作或计划打算 一般过去时 did / was/were yesterday, last night, ... ago, in 2020 过去某个时间已发生的动作或状态 过去进行时 was/were + doing at that time, at 8:00 yesterday, when/while 过去某时刻正在进行的动作 现在完成时 have/has + done already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for, so far 过去的动作对现在有影响或持续到现在 过去完成时 had + done by last year, before, after, when, already(过去) 过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作（过去的过去） 过去将来时 would do / was/were going to do the next day, the following week 从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作 中考时态高频考点 1. 一般现在时：主将从现（if/unless/as soon as引导条件/时间状语从句） 2. 现在进行时：表示按计划安排好的近期动作（I am leaving tomorrow.） 3. 一般将来时：will表意愿/预测，be going to表计划/迹象 4. 现在完成时：since+时间点，for+时间段，延续性动词转换 5. 过去完成时：表示"过去的过去"，常与by the time/when/before连用 6. 时态呼应：主句和从句的时态要保持逻辑一致 参考答案 Part 3 基础巩固 一. (1) goes (2) is singing (3) will build (4) was cooking (5) have; finished (6) has lived (7) had left (8) visited (9) would come (10) rains 二. 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 三. (1) Since (2) for (3) since (4) for (5) since (6) for (7) since (8) for 四. (1) has gone to (2) have been to (3) has been in (4) Have; been to (5) have gone to Part 4 提高挑战 一. (1) went → had gone / 去掉have（yesterday是一般过去时标志）(2) since → for (3) will rain → rains (4) didn't → hasn't (5) is → was (6) left前加had (7) bought → had (8) will → would 二. (1) is (2) has lived (3) went (4) visited (5) took (6) was playing (7) met (8) had; finished (9) was watching (10) would become 三. (1) I have lived here since 2018. (2) Have you ever been to the Great Wall? (3) When I got home, my mother was cooking. (4) By last year, he had already learned 1,000 English words. (5) If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. (6) He told me he would come to see me the next week. 四. (1) is (2) got (3) had (4) had studied / had been studying (5) was having (6) encouraged (7) finished (8) called (9) will do (10) got 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $