暑假自学课第3讲不定式情态动词+反身代词（讲义）-2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级全一册

新九年级暑假自学课 人教版2024 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第3讲 非谓语动词 · 情态动词 · 反身代词 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新九年级（八升九） ⊙ 教材版本：人教版2024 ⊙ 内容说明：系统复习动词不定式、动名词、情态动词和反身代词的用法 Part 1 温故知新 —— 情态动词全攻略 一、情态动词基本特征 情态动词本身有一定意义，表示说话人的语气或态度。特征： 1. 后接动词原形（不带to，need/ought to除外） 2. 没有人称和数的变化（he can, she must） 3. 否定直接在后面加not（cannot, must not, may not） 二、常用情态动词用法对照 情态动词 用法 例句 can 能力/请求/允许 I can swim. / Can I help you? could can的过去式/委婉请求 Could you open the door? may 请求允许/可能性 May I come in? / It may rain tomorrow. might 委婉请求/可能性更小 Might I borrow your pen? / He might be at home. must 必须（主观） You must finish your homework first. have to 必须（客观） I have to wear a uniform at school. should 应该（建议/责任） You should see a doctor. / We should protect the environment. need 需要（作情态动词多用于否定/疑问） Need I go? / You needn't worry. 三、情态动词表推测（中考必考！） 情态动词可以表示对现在或过去情况的推测，不同情态动词表示不同的把握程度。 情态动词 把握程度 例句（对现在的推测） must be 非常肯定（一定） The light is on. He must be at home. may be 可能（不太确定） She may be in the library. might be 可能性很小 He might be the new teacher. can't be 不可能（否定推测） It can't be him. He is in Beijing now. 【结构对比】 • 对现在的推测：情态动词 + be / do（动词原形） -- He must be a doctor. / She can't know the truth. • 对过去的推测：情态动词 + have + 过去分词 -- He must have finished his homework.（他一定已经完成作业了） -- She can't have left already.（她不可能已经走了） 四、must vs have to （易混考点） must have to 含义 主观认为必须 客观需要 否定 mustn't（不准，禁止） don't have to（不必） 时态变化 无时态变化 有：has to, had to, will have to -- You mustn't smoke here.（不准吸烟） -- You don't have to come if you don't want to.（不必来） 五、need作为情态动词 vs 实义动词 need作情态动词：多用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形。 -- Need I do it now? Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. need作实义动词：有人称和时态变化，后接to do。 -- He needs to finish his work. / She doesn't need to worry. Part 2 习新知法 —— 非谓语动词 & 反身代词 一、动词不定式（to do）详解 不定式由 "to + 动词原形" 构成，没有人称和数的变化，可在句中作多种成分。 1. 不定式作主语 To learn English well is important. = It is important to learn English well. 常用句型：It is + adj. + (for/of sb) + to do sth -- It is important for us to learn English well.（说明事情的性质——用for） -- It is kind of you to help me.（描述人的品质——用of） 2. 不定式作宾语 常见接不定式作宾语的动词（"决心要、计划要、希望做"等）： want, hope, wish, expect, decide, plan, agree, learn, try, refuse, afford, prepare, offer, manage, fail -- I want to be a teacher. / She decided to study abroad. -- He refused to answer the question. / I can't afford to buy a car. 3. 不定式作宾语补足语 结构 例句 ask sb to do My mother asked me to clean my room. tell sb to do The teacher told us to be quiet. want sb to do I want you to help me. encourage sb to do My parents encourage me to try new things. 注意：使役动词（let, make, have）感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice）后接省略to的不定式： -- Let me help you. / The teacher made us read the text aloud. -- I saw him leave the room.（但被动语态要还原to：He was seen to leave the room.） 4. 不定式作目的状语 表示"为了做某事"，回答"为什么做"。 -- I went to the library to borrow some books. -- She got up early to catch the first bus. -- He studied hard to get good grades. 5. "疑问词 + to do"结构 常用在tell, know, show, learn, decide, find out等动词后： -- I don't know what to do. / Can you tell me how to get there? -- She didn't know whether to go or stay. 二、动名词（doing）详解 动名词具有名词的性质，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语。 1. 动名词作主语 Reading aloud is very important for learning English. Swimming in the river is dangerous. 注意：动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 2. 动名词作宾语 常见接动名词作宾语的动词（"考虑、建议、享受、避免"等）： enjoy, finish, practice, mind, suggest, keep, avoid, consider, imagine, admit, miss, risk -- Would you mind opening the window? / I enjoy reading books. -- She practices playing the piano every day. 3. 介词后接动名词 be good at doing, be interested in doing, look forward to doing, feel like doing, give up doing, put off doing -- I look forward to hearing from you.（to是介词！） 4. 不定式 vs 动名词作宾语（意思不同！） 动词 + to do（未做） + doing（已做/一般） stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 forget 忘记要去做 忘记做过的事 remember 记得要去做 记得做过的事 try 尽力去做 尝试做 regret 遗憾要去做 后悔做过 -- I stopped to talk to him.（停下来去和他说话） -- I stopped talking.（停止说话） -- I forgot to lock the door.（忘记要锁门，门没锁） -- I forgot locking the door.（忘记锁过门，门锁了） 三、反身代词 反身代词表示"自己"，用来强调或表示动作回到主语本身。 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself（我自己） ourselves（我们自己） 第二人称 yourself（你自己） yourselves（你们自己） 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves（他们自己） 常见反身代词短语（中考高频）： 短语 含义 enjoy oneself 玩得开心（= have fun） teach oneself 自学（= learn by oneself） by oneself 独自（= alone） help oneself to... 随便吃/用…… hurt oneself 弄伤自己 believe in oneself 自信 -- Help yourself to some fish, please. / She taught herself English. -- The children enjoyed themselves at the party. Part 3 基础巩固 一、用所给词的正确形式（不定式/动名词/动词原形）填空。 (1) I want ______ (be) a doctor when I grow up. (2) She enjoys ______ (read) books in her free time. (3) My mother asked me ______ (clean) my room. (4) Let me ______ (help) you carry the box. (5) He went to the library ______ (borrow) some books. (6) I look forward to ______ (hear) from you. (7) The teacher made us ______ (read) the text aloud. (8) I forgot ______ (lock) the door. I have to go back. (9) Would you mind ______ (open) the window? (10) It is important for us ______ (learn) English well. 二、单项选择。 1. You ___ finish your homework before watching TV. A. can B. must C. may D. could 2. ___ I use your pen? A. Must B. Need C. May D. Should 3. She enjoys ___ at the party. A. she B. her C. herself D. hers 4. The boy is too young ___ to school. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 5. My father ___ get up early because he has to catch the bus. A. can B. may C. has to D. must 6. You ___ smoke here. It's not allowed. A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not D. don't have to 7. The light is on. He ___ be at home. A. can't B. must C. shouldn't D. needn't 8. I hope ___ the Great Wall one day. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 9. The teacher told us ___ late for class. A. don't be B. not be C. not to be D. to not be 10. I enjoy ___ basketball after school. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 11. He ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go to the library. A. must B. may C. can't D. might 12. She taught ___ English when she was young. A. she B. her C. herself D. hers 13. I stopped ___ to the music and began to do my homework. A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. listened 14. It is very kind ___ you to help me. A. for B. of C. to D. with 15. We must ___ the classroom clean. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 三、用适当的情态动词填空。 (1) You ______ be quiet in the library. (2) ______ I open the window? It's hot. (3) She ______ play the piano very well. (4) You ______ see a doctor. You look ill. (5) The book ______ be Tom's. His name is on it. (6) He ______ be in the room. The door is locked. 四、用适当的反身代词填空。 (1) I taught ______ to ride a bike. (2) She enjoyed ______ at the party. (3) You should take care of ______. (4) The children cleaned the room by ______. (5) Help ______ to some cake, Tom. (6) We need to believe in ______. Part 4 提高挑战 一、改错。 (1) I want become a teacher when I grow up. ________________ (2) Let me to help you. ________________ (3) She enjoyed her at the party. ________________ (4) I mustn't go to school today because it's Sunday.（不改mustn't，改一个词）________________ (5) He made me to wait for a long time. ________________ (6) I look forward to meet you soon. ________________ (7) He can be a doctor. He is only a student.（改can be）________________ (8) I forget locking the door, so I went back to lock it. ________________ 二、完成句子。 (1) 我决定更加努力学习。________________ (2) 她自学了英语。________________ (3) 你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？________________ (4) 他去了超市买些食物。________________ (5) 我们应该保护环境。________________ (6) 门外那个人一定是我们新老师。________________ (7) 他不可能知道真相。________________ (8) 她擅长跳舞。________________ 三、阅读短文，用所给词的正确形式填空。 Last Sunday, I decided ______ (1.help) my mother with housework. I wanted ______ (2.do) something for her. My mother asked me ______ (3.clean) the windows. I tried my best ______ (4.make) them clean. After that, I went to the supermarket ______ (5.buy) some vegetables. I enjoyed ______ (6.I) very much. My mother said, "You are really growing up!" I was happy that I could do something by ______ (7.I). I think everyone should learn ______ (8.take) care of themselves. You don't have ______ (9.worry) about me — I can manage ______ (10.do) it well! Part 5 本讲总结 核心考点速记 【非谓语动词】 不定式：to do — 目的/将来/未发生 动名词：doing — 习惯/已发生/一般性动作 some verbs + to do：want, hope, decide, plan, agree, refuse some verbs + doing：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, suggest, keep both but meaning differs：stop to do（停下来去做）vs stop doing（停止做） 【情态动词表推测】 肯定推测：must be（一定）/ may be（可能）/ could be（可能） 否定推测：can't be（不可能）/ may not be（可能不） 【反身代词搭配】 enjoy oneself / teach oneself / by oneself / help oneself to 参考答案 Part 3 基础巩固 一. (1) to be (2) reading (3) to clean (4) help (5) to borrow (6) hearing (7) read (8) to lock (9) opening (10) to learn 二. 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A 三. (1) must/should (2) May/Can (3) can (4) should (5) must (6) can't 四. (1) myself (2) herself (3) yourself (4) themselves (5) yourself (6) ourselves Part 4 提高挑战 一. (1) want → want to (2) to help → help (3) her → herself (4) mustn't → don't have to (5) to wait → wait (6) meet → meeting (7) can't be（他不可能是个医生）(8) locking → to lock 二. (1) I decided to study harder. (2) She taught herself English. (3) Can/Could you help me carry this box? (4) He went to the supermarket to buy some food. (5) We should protect the environment. (6) The man outside must be our new teacher. (7) He can't know the truth. (8) She is good at dancing. 三. (1) to help (2) to do (3) to clean (4) to make (5) to buy (6) myself (7) myself (8) to take (9) to worry (10) to do 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $