专题03 阅读理解说明文（期末真题汇编，云南专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 该试卷为高中英语说明文阅读理解专题汇编，精选云南各地期末试题，涵盖人与自然、社会、自我三大主题，注重真实情境与思维能力考查。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|156题（39篇×4题）|涵盖野生动物保护（野猪种群）、气候变化（森林象固碳）、科技应用（AI咖啡调配）、文化传承（李子柒非遗传播）等主题|情境创设具时代性，如太空气味研究、数字孪生技术；问题设计分梯度，含细节理解（如塑料分解时间）、推理判断（如森林恢复意义）、主旨概括（如节日传统创新），适配高中英语核心素养考查|

学科网 1.C 2. B 5.D 6.B 9.D 10.C 13.A 14.D 17.C 18.A 21.D 22. B 25.C 26. D 29.C 30. C 33.B 34.D 37.B 38.B 41.D 42.A 45.C 46.D 49.C 50.B 53.B 54.B 57.A 58.B 61.C 62.E 65.C 66. B 69.A 70.C 73.A 74.B www .zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 3.B 4.D 7.C 8.B 11.A 12.B 15.C 16.B 19.B 20.D 23.C 24.C 27.A 28.B 31.A 32.B 35.C 36.D 39.C 40.C 43.D 44.B 47.B 48.C 51.C 52.A 55.A 56.C 59.C 60.A 63.C 64.D 67.C 68.A 71.A 72.B 75.D 76.C 1/2 学科网 77.D 78.A 79.C 81.C 82.A 83.D 85.A 86.C 87.B 89.A 90.D 91.A 93.C 94.A 95.B 97.C 98.C 99.A 101.C 102.B 103 105.D 106.C 107 109.C 110.B 111. 113.A 114.C 115 117.D 118.D 119 121.B 122.B 123 125.A 126.B 127 129.C 130.B 131. 133.B 134.D 135 137.B 138.A 139. 141.C 142.D 143 145.B 146.C 147. 149.D 150.A 151. 153.C 154.D 155. w.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 80.B 84.A 88.A 92.D 96.C 100.D A 104.D B 108.D C 112.D B 116.D 120.D 4UO 124.D 128.C A 132.C C 136.B D 140.C B 144.A D 148.B D 152.A C 156.A 2/2 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自然 Passage 1 （2025高一下·云南玉溪·期末） With the improvement of China’s environment, more wild boars (野猪) across the country have caused more human-wildlife conflicts (冲突). Last year, a wild boar attacked and killed an elderly person in Shaanxi province. Also, a worker checking the damage of a train hit by a wild boar was killed by another train. Sun Quanhui, a scientist with the World Animal Protection Association, said that although wild boars rarely attack unless they feel threatened, adult males are strong and can be dangerous. According to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, a total of 2 million wild boars live in 28 provincial-level regions in China and accidents or attacks involving boars have been reported in 26 of them. Xie Yi, a professor at Beijing Forestry University, said that due to their strong ability to adapt to the environment, wild boars’ population grows faster than their natural enemies. This has led to an expansion (扩大) in their areas of activity. Also, wild boars often come down from the hills to search for food in spring and autumn, which is why people have been seeing them more often lately. “They are not picky eaters and will eat anything that can be eaten,” said Sun, also stressing that without natural enemies, the only way to control their population and bring it to a reasonable level is by hunting. In June last year, wild boars were taken off of the protected wildlife list, allowing them to be hunted without a license. Several regions like Shaanxi and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region have hired hunters to control their populations. However, Sun noted that hunting is only a short-term solution. Long-term control requires bringing back enemies of boars and making habitats bigger to reduce problems between humans and wildlife. In February, a plan was put forward by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration to prevent and control damage caused by wildlife. It plans to set up legal measures and improve the compensation (赔偿) and assistance system by next year. 1．What is the result of wild boars’ increased population? A．Damage to other animals habitats. B．Decrease of the human’s farmland. C．Conflicts between humans and animals. D．Threats to species living near the train station. 2．Why are the data mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To support the reports of government. B．To indicate the wild boars are dangerous. C．To compare the difference between areas. D．To explain the necessity of protecting wildlife. 3．What can be learned about wild boars? A．They are particular about their food. B．They are capable of adapting to environment. C．They will attack human only when being attacked. D．They come down the hills to hunt food all year round. 4．What does Sun mean in the last paragraph? A．Government should set up proper laws to hunt wild boars. B．To lead wild boars to different regions might be a solution. C．It is a good idea to allow hunting wild boars for a long time. D．A long-term solution is to reintroducing wild boars’ natural enemies. Passage 2 （2025高一下·云南保山·期末） We all know space seems empty, right? Around a spaceship, there’s no air to breathe and nothing solid to touch. Yet many astronauts report something strange: when they return from spacewalks, they notice a special smell on their suits. Astronauts describe the smell as metally-tasting, sweet, like smoke from welding. Don Petti wrote that it reminded him of his college summers when he labored for many hours with an arc welding torch (电弧焊接枪) repairing heavy equipment. He said, “That is the smell of space.” Other astronauts have described it in similar yet various ways: “burning metal,” “an obvious smell of O₃, a sharp-smelling smell,” “walnuts and brake parts,” “gunpowder” and even “burnt nut cookie.” All descriptions share one thing in common: a burnt smell. It turns out that space does smell, and our solar system has a very particular smell. This is likely the result of several factors. What might explain why space smells burnt? There are two possible explanations. One explanation is oxidation (氧化). Another explanation involves stars blowing up. The oxidation process occurs in the airlock (气闸舱) as astronauts return from space to the International Space Station or spacecraft. During pressure-restoring process, oxygen atoms in space attach to the astronaut’s suit and float in during the pressure-restoring process time when the airlock is open. These atoms combine to form atmospheric oxygen. This process is similar to burning without the flame and smoke—and smells similar too. Stars blowing up, or dying stars, are another possible explanation. When stars die, they create a mixture called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are throughout the solar system, including here on Earth. They can be found in some foods, coal and oil, among other materials. They also occur when coal, tobacco (烟草), wood, meat and other materials are burned. Perhaps part of the reason why space has a clear burnt wood smell is that it contains PAHs, which produce this smell. 5．What do astronauts agree on the smell of space? A．Metally-tasting smell. B．Welding smoke. C．Gunpowder scent. D．Burnt smell. 6．According to the text, where does the oxidation process happens? A．In open space. B．Within the airlock. C．On Earth’s surface. D．Inside the spacecraft. 7．What can be learned about PAHs? A．Most PAHs on Earth come from space. B．PAHs need human actions to form on Earth. C．PAHs can exist in materials that are not burned. D．PAHs are mainly produced by exploding stars. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Chemical Reactions in Airlocks B．The Mystery of Space’s Scent C．Astronauts’ Experiences in the Space D．Chemistry of Stars Blowing Up Passage 3 （2024高一下·云南楚雄·期末） Elephants’ important role in maintaining biodiversity (生物多样性) and healthy ecosystems has earned them various names including ecosystem engineers and forest gardeners. However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. African forest elephants help lessen climate change by increasing carbon storage (存储) in their forest habitats, meaning they help remove heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. They do this by influencing the forest structure, including by increasing the diversity and abundance (丰盛) of plant species. It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net (净的) carbon capture (捕获) capacity (容量) of the forest by almost 250 acres. This is equal to removing from the atmosphere a year’s worth of emissions (排放量) from 2,047 cars. “As strange as it seems, all that eating and destruction help the forest pull more carbon out of the air,” says Alison Pearce Stevens in the book Animal Climate Heroes!. Elephants eat more than 400 pounds of food a day, so they spend a lot of time searching for food. As they walk through the forest, they do a lot of damage to the surrounding smaller trees, leading to the survival of trees that have the ability to absorb and store more CO2. In addition, their thirst for fruits also helps to promote forest growth. This is because elephants disperse fruit seeds. In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor. But African forest elephants are seriously endangered and continue to face threats. These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. The number of forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, and their habitats are thought to have reduced by 75%. Protecting forest elephants and the forests they depend on means we are safeguarding their ecological contributions that we all rely on. 9．How do African forest elephants help relieve climate change? A．They reduce the diversity of wildlife species. B．They help to maintain the plants of the forest. C．They take in heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. D．They promote the net carbon capture ability of the forest. 10．What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Damage. B．Preserve. C．Spread. D．Gather. 11．What are the threats facing African forest elephants? A．Illegal hunting and habitat loss. B．The disturbed balance of the forest ecosystem. C．Natural disasters resulting from climate change. D．Competition for water sources with other animals. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Preserving Forests: Elephants’ Contribution B．New Role of African Forest Elephants: Climate Heroes C．Ivory Trade Threatens African Forest Elephants D．Forest Elephants Are Approaching the Edge of Extinction 主题02 人与社会 Passage 4 （2025高一下·云南楚雄·期末） Philadelphia, often referred to as Philly, is a major city located along the Delaware River in Pennsylvania, a state in the northeastern United States. Founded in the 1680s by an Englishman William Penn, who also planned its layout (布局), the city was named Philadelphia — a word Penn understood to mean “city of brotherly love” in Greek. Philadelphia served as the nation’s capital from 1785 to 1790. Earlier, it was the capital of the American colonies (殖民地) during most of the Revolutionary War against Britain. Philadelphia became the central meeting place for the “Founding Fathers” who created the United States government. The buildings where they worked can be seen today in an area called the Old City, or Independence National Historical Park. The main building is Independence Hall. That was where colonial leaders declared independence and later debated the creation of a government. Near the park stands National Liberty (自由) Museum, housing over ninety paintings and sculptures, which represent the idea that liberty is a freedom that is easily broken. Several blocks away lies National Constitution (美国宪法) Center, a privately operated nonprofit museum that opened its doors in Philadelphia on July 4, 2003. The museum was created to increase public recognition of the Constitution, its history and its importance today. Visitors here are presented with the idea that the most important part of American constitutional democracy (立宪民主) is the individual citizen. Philadelphia also offers plenty for visitors who are less concerned about history and more concerned about their stomachs. There are many food choices for foodies, including a typical sandwich — the Philly cheesesteak, usually made of thin pieces of meat covered with cheese, offered with onions and other toppings and served on a long roll. And where can the best Philly cheesestaak be found? That question is the subject of much debate—one way to settle it: try them all and decide for yourself! 13．What did William Penn do with Philadelphia? A．He designed it in person. B．He named it with his language. C．He ruined it and rebuilt it. D．He brought in Greek traditions. 14．What does paragraph 2 focus on about Philadelphia? A．Its historical unrest. B．Its main attractions. C．Its architecture style. D．Its historical place. 15．Why was National Constitution Center founded? A．To increase profits for a private museum. B．To honor the makers of the Constitution. C．To educate visitors about the Constitution. D．To collect opinions from ordinary citizens. 16．What does the author want to do through the debate in the last paragraph? A．Doubt the local food. B．Make an invitation to visitors. C．Introduce a food recipe. D．Remind visitors to watch out for danger. Passage 5 （2024高一下·云南玉溪·期末） Labor Day is celebrated on May 1st every year. This year we Chinese have a holiday break from May 1st to May 5th. Some people are curious about when and why we started to celebrate Labor Day. In the 19th century, overworked and exhausted laborers were fed up and demanded better treatment. In Canada, laborers marched to their Prime Minister’s doorstep and asked for their right to form unions. The march was victorious. They celebrated better working conditions with an annual parade. Peter J. McGuire, an American labor leader, was invited and thought to bring that spirit to America and what a success it was. In New York City, protesters gathered to fight against poor labor conditions. The movement quickly spread across America. Workers gathered for picnics, concerts and speeches, supporting for 8-hour work days and a labor holiday. Oregon was the first state to officially acknowledge the holiday. But it wasn’t until 12,000 government forces were sent to stop a strike, and two railway workers were tragically killed that pressure increased gradually from the American workforce and Labor Day was put on the federal calendar. More than 80 countries worldwide celebrate Labor Day or International Workers’ Day on May 1st. But the first Monday of September makes sense to Americans, because it falls between Independence Day and Thanksgiving Day. This gives working families a much-needed break. Fast-forward about a hundred years and the Labor Day holiday has become a kind of farewell to summer. People seem to forget the hard-won victory of Labor Day. In the USA, kids go back to school, football season starts as usual and fashion lovers hang up that little white dress. But let’s remember that Labor Day is a celebration of the labor movement, dedicated to the social and economic achievements of workers all over the world. It’s evolved into an appreciation of life and a well-deserved break from work. 17．Why did Canadian laborers march? A．To welcome Peter J. McGuire. B．To apply for an annual parade. C．To ask for their right to form unions. D．To celebrate better working conditions. 18．What do we know about the history of American Labor Day? A．Oregon was the first state to recognize Labor Day. B．New York workers went to the concerts to have fun. C．American workers won the right to have Labor Day easily. D．American government forces supported the laborers’ strike. 19．How do Americans celebrate Labor Day nowadays? A．Students march in the school. B．American families have a break. C．Football players gather to have a match. D．Fashion lovers wear their white dresses. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards celebrating Labor Day? A．Open-minded. B．Indifferent. C．Passive. D．Grateful. 主题03 人与自我 Passage 6 （2025高一下·云南曲靖·期末） Human experts spend years roasting and tasting coffee from many places to learn about the beans. They may then combine a coffee bean from Africa with another one from South America to come up with a new mixture. However, a coffee roasting company in Helsinki, Finland is hoping that artificial intelligence (AI) can help ease the workload. The company recently launched its “AI-conic” mixture at the Helsinki Coffee Festival, using data collected from the Internet. The mixture contains four kinds of beans, including a famous one from Brazil. It is the result of a combined project by a local AI business. Svante Hampf is the founder of the company. He and his partners wanted to do an experiment to see what mixture the computer would produce. “We basically gave descriptions of all our coffee types and their tastes to AI and instructed it to create a different exciting mixture,” Hampf said. The “AI-conic” mixture combined beans from Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, and Guatemala. It is described as “a well-balanced mixture of sweetness and ripe fruit”. Hampf thought the combination was somewhat peculiar (奇怪的). He was surprised that the AI program chose to make the mixture out of four different kinds of beans. Most humans choose only two or three beans. However, after the first blind test of the new mixture, coffee experts including him agreed that the AI-assisted mixture was perfect. There was no need to change. The International Coffee Organization says that the 5.6 million people in Finland drink the most coffee per person in the world. And the roasters at the company say the AI project will surely bring more things to the strong coffee culture in the country. It is a first step, and AI has plenty to offer them in the long run. Finns are particularly impressed by the coffee taste descriptions it created. 21．Why did Hampf do the experiment with AI? A．To identify coffee beans. B．To describe coffee types. C．To replace human coffee experts. D．To produce a new combination of coffee. 22．What was Hampf’s attitude to the coffee created by AI? A．Calm. B．Satisfied. C．Opposed. D．Indifferent. 23．What does the AI coffee mean to Finnish coffee culture? A．A piece of cake. B．A drinking tradition. C．The icing on the cake. D．The end of drinking strong coffee. 24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．AI Determines the Tastes of Coffee B．AI Can Help Ease Finnish Workload C．AI Manages to Mix Coffee in Finland D．AI Plays a Main Role in Finnish Coffee Passage 7 （2024高一下·云南普洱·期末） These days, children spend less time in the fresh air. Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV — they seem to be living in a virtual world. They have lost touch with nature. But now 400 organizations in the UK, from playgroups to the National Health Service, are encouraging children to have some “wild time”. They want kids to replace at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside. Activities such as building caves, climbing trees and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do. Even if they live in a city, they can go on adventures in the garden or the park. Children often need a helping hand from their mum and dad. They need to be shown what to do and where to go. Andy Simpson from National Health Service says, “We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids’ development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go.” So despite the complicated (复杂的) world that young people grow up in now, it seems that going back to basics and experiencing “nature’s playground” is what modern children need. David Bond from Project Wild Thing says, “We need to make more space for wild time in children’s daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted (想当然).” This might sound a bit old-fashioned to you or maybe, like me, it makes you think about sticking on your boots, getting outdoors and reliving your childhood. There’s no age limit on enjoying yourself! 25．What makes children lose touch with nature? A．Playing hide and seek. B．Building caves frequently. C．Being addicted to a screen. D．Going on adventures in parks. 26．Who should be advised to see the effect of wild time according to Andy Simpson? A．Teachers. B．Experts. C．Children. D．Parents. 27．What might David probably agree? A．Children need more time to get close to nature. B．Children always take it for granted to play outside. C．What modern children need is spiritual satisfaction. D．Parents should make larger room for kids to study. 28．What can be inferred from this passage? A．Everyone lives in a high-pressure world. B．People at any age can enjoy wild time. C．Adults desire to go back to childhood. D．Watching TV is a good way to learn about nature. Passage 8 （2025高一下·云南红河·期末） In 1996, someone ate a McDonald’s McChicken burger in Amsterdam. We don’t know the details, but something important happened. A nesting coot, a kind of bird, found the abandoned (丢弃的) wrapper and used it to line its nest (巢). That wrapper stayed there, leaving a mark on the local environment. Biologist Auke-Florian Hiemstra studies how people affect bird nests in Amsterdam’s canals (运河). He said birds are also “recording” our throw-away society. When he looked at nests in the canals, he found all kinds of old packaging from the early 1990s to last year. The Eurasian coot started coming to Amsterdam in the late 1980s. The packaging in the nests, like the 1996 McChicken wrapper, can show how long the species has been in the area. Hiemstra can tell the year of the packaging by looking at “best before” dates or logo designs. Nests have things like Mars bar packaging from the 1994 World Cup and, more recently, face masks from the COVID-19 pandemic. Birds usually make nests from branches and plants. But in cities, there aren’t many natural things. So, birds use a lot of plastic. Hiemstra thinks if we make cities greener, birds might go back to making natural nests. Hiemstra is upset about our “throw-away society”. Most plastic we make is still on Earth because it takes 20 to 500 years to decompose, and only 9% is recycled. We know single-use plastic is bad, but this research shows it’s already caused a lot of damage. 29．What does the discovery of the McChicken wrapper in the coot’s nest imply? A．The coot is an intelligent bird species. B．Amsterdam has a serious litter problem. C．It reflects the throwaway nature of human society. D．Birds have a preference for human-made materials. 30．How does Auke-Florian Hiemstra determine the age of the nests? A．By analyzing the size and structure of the nests. B．By observing the behavior of the birds that build the nests. C．By identifying the origin year of the packaging in the nests. D．By studying the types of natural materials used in the nests. 31．What does the underlined word “decompose” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Break down. B．Build up. C．Hand out. D．Kick off. 32．What is Hiemstra’s attitude towards the current “throw-away society”? A．Unconcerned. B．Unsatisfied. C．Supportive. D．Patient. 主题01 人与自然 Passage 9 （2025高一下·云南红河·期末） Heat waves are becoming more common and serious underwater due to the climate change. Warmer water temperatures can bleach (使白化) corals that clownfish call home, forcing them to adapt to heat stress to stay alive. Scientists monitored and measured 134 colorful clownfish in Kimbe Bay during an intense heat wave in 2023 that’s still bleaching corals worldwide. They found that 101 clownfish decreased in length on one or more occasions from heat stress. “We were really shocked at first when we saw that they were shrinking (缩小),” said Morgan Bennet-Smith from Boston University. The findings were published on Wednesday in the journal Science Advances. Though scientists don’t yet know how clownfish shrink, one idea is that they could take in their own bone matter. Possibly the smaller body may help the clownfish save energy during a stressful heatwave since smaller fish need less food. Certain clownfish breeding (繁殖) pairs also shrink to increase their survival. “The females adjusted their size to stay bigger than their partners, keeping the female-dominated,” the researchers said. Other animals also decrease in size to beat the heat. For example, marine iguanas get smaller when warm water was into the Galapagos. But this coping strategy hadn’t yet been found in coral reef fish until now. “The strategy helps clownfish weather heat waves in the short-term, but it’s not yet clear how the fish will react if they have to keep it up in the years to come,” Thorrold said. Researchers found the shrinking was never long-lasting. “Clownfish had the ability to catch up and grow back when their environment got less stressful, showing how living things are staying flexible to keep up with a warming world. These natural systems are really under stress, but there’s an ability for unbelievable recovery,” said Melissa Versteeg from Newcastle University. 33．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．Give an example. B．Introduce a topic. C．Present a problem. D．Draw a conclusion. 34．Why do clownfish shrink according to the study? A．To grow new bones. B．To swim faster. C．To find food more easily. D．To adapt to heat stress. 35．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The benefits of breeding. B．The process of breeding. C．The benefits of shrinking. D．The process of shrinking. 36．What can be inferred about clownfish from Melissa Versteeg’s words? A．Their shrinking is forever. B．Their number is decreasing. C．They like catching up with each other. D．They are able to adapt to the environment. Passage 10 （2025高一下·云南楚雄·期末） Britain was once covered with rainforests, known as Celtic rainforests or Atlantic woodland. The temperate (温带的) rainforests only occur in places close to the sea with high rainfall, high humidity (湿度) and low variations in temperature and full of plants and animals. The Celtic rainforests used to spread out all across the wetter areas of the country’s west. But over the centuries the ancient woodlands were later cleared and changed into grasslands for sheep and cattle. By the start of the 20th century, Britain had become the least-wooded country in Europe, with only small parts remaining in western coastal rainforest areas. There’s a new rainforest coming back to Britain right now. A movement is underway across Britain to recover these forgotten ecosystems. And in Devon, the first step towards achieving that has just been completed. With the help of over 100 local volunteers, more than 2,500 native trees have been planted at Devon Wildlife Trust’s Bowden Pillars site, not far from the town of Totnes. It’s hoped that another 4,500 oak, rowan, alder, hazel, birch, willow and holly trees will be planted by the end of this winter and over the coming decades, and that they’ll grow to form a thriving (欣欣向荣的) temperate rainforest. The recovery programme, led by The Wildlife Trusts, is happening across other parts of the country, including Cornwall and Pembrokeshire and has been boosted by a significant £38 million of funding from an insurance company. Claire Inglis, a nature reserve officer at Devon Wildlife Trust, said, “The full grown temperate rainforest will take several decades to become established, but the advantages for nature will be much swifter. The mix of young trees planted among grasslands and hedges (树篱), along with our promise not to use chemicals, will be better for local butterflies and bees, along with local birds such as yellowhammers and barn owls. It will be fascinating to see how it develops.” 37．What was mainly responsible for Britain’s lost Celtic rainforest in the past? A．Low temperature. B．Animal farming. C．Plant variation. D．High humidity. 38．What can we say about the movement across Britain? A．It’s worrying. B．It’s promising. C．It’s unrealistic. D．It’s uncontrollable. 39．What does the underlined word “swifter” in the last paragraph mean? A．Further. B．More unlikely. C．Quicker. D．More costly. 40．Which can be the best title for the text? A．A Story of Destruction About Britain’s Lost Rainforests B．The Challenges of Reviving Celtic Rainforests in Britain C．A Nationwide Effort to Revive Lost Rainforests in Britain D．The Truth of the Disappearance of Britain’s Celtic Rainforests Passage 11 （2025高一下·云南曲靖·期末） What happens to that single-use plastic bottle after you place it in a recycling bin? Most people suppose it will be really recycled. Much more likely is that the bin is only the departure point on a long journey to the other side of the world, where that bottle will, at best, be washed, dried, sorted by material, turned into bits, and then recreated into something thinner, such as packaging. Consider that a victory. If it is packaging itself that has been chucked, it will probably end up as a dirty form of fuel, powering the production of cement (水泥). Or it may go all the way just to sit in the world, damaging the landscape, blocking rivers, entering the ocean, being swallowed by marine life and perhaps finding its way, via the global fish trade, back into your home and even into your body. It is recycling, but not as people traditionally think of it. The broad facts of the fiction of recycling are no secret. But Alexander Clapp, a journalist, does something interesting, though not entirely attractive, in his book. He follows rubbish, travelling to some places to record the effects of consumption: villages in Indonesia buried under mountains of plastic, a ship-breaking yard in Türkiye where men tear apart the poisonous ships with hand tools, and a poor village in Ghana where people take valuable metals from the rich world’s waste computers and mobile phones. The book also contains jaw-dropping but forgotten stories, such as that of the Khian Sea, a ship carrying a season’s worth of ash from waste incinerators (焚化炉) in Philadelphia, which set sail for the Bahamas in 1986. The ship and its poisonous load were refused entry, forcing the crew to look for other dumping sites. After 27 months of being turned away from every port, it arrived in Asia with an empty hold. Years later, the captain admitted to dumping the ash in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. 41．How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A．By listing data. B．By drawing comparisons. C．By introducing plastic materials. D．By questioning a common assumption. 42．What does the underlined word “chucked” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Thrown. B．Ranked. C．Stored. D．Watched. 43．What does Alexander Clapp mainly show in his book? A．A record of sorting out waste. B．Jobs provided by waste recycling. C．Effective waste-recycling strategies. D．Poor methods of dealing with waste. 44．Which word best describes the captain of the ship? A．Sensitive. B．Irresponsible. C．Patient. D．Brave. Passage 12 （2025高一下·云南昭通·期末） The story of our home galaxy (星系) may tend to be changed. That’s because a bar-shaped collection of stars (棒状恒星群) at the center of the Milky Way appears to be much younger than expected. The bar is a prominent feature of our galaxy. It covers thousands of light years and connects the galaxy’s arms of stars, making them look like spinning (旋转) water. In computer models of the Milky Way’s development, the bar tends to form early in the galaxy’s around 13-billion-year lifetime. But the ages and locations of metal-rich stars suggest the bar finished forming just a few billion years ago, researchers report. “These metal-rich stars are basically like records of ancient stars that are telling the story of our home galaxy,” says Samir Nepal, working at the Leibruz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam in Germany. Stars with large numbers of metals are built from the remains (残骸) of stars that have since exploded. Those metals enrich the materials at the center of galaxies like the Milky Way, which is why a new generation of metal-rich stars can form only deep inside galaxies. Using data from the European Space Agency, Nepal and his coworkers recreated the development of the Milky Way bar through its influence on the metal-rich stars. They inferred the bar’s history, just as you might know where the batters (击球手) stand in a baseball game by looking at the flight of the balls they hit, even if you can’t see home plate (本垒板). In the study, the researchers found out a burst (迸发) of star formation in the central part of the galaxy that became quiet about 3 billion years ago. The down turn seems to mark the end of the Milky Way bar’s development, the researchers report. After that burst, the inflow of new material into the bar probably dropped off significantly. That may explain why the bar developed so late. 45．What does the underlined word “prominent” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Useless. B．Small. C．Noticeable. D．Hidden. 46．What can we know about metal-rich stars from Nepal’s words? A．They are formed in recent years. B．They are primarily located in the outer arms of the Milky Way. C．They contain fewer metals than ancient stars. D．They serve as historical records showing the galaxy’s past. 47．Why does the author mention a baseball game? A．To show the popularity of baseball in the Milky Way. B．To explain how scientists track the age of the bar. C．To compare the effects of the metal-rich stars. D．To compare the speed of star formation to the speed of a baseball. 48．Which of the following would be the best title for this article? A．Baseball in the Milky Way: An Unexpected Connection B．The European Space Agency’s Contribution to Galaxy Research C．A Bar of Stars: A Surprisingly Young Structure D．The Formation of Spinning Water in Galaxies Passage 13 （2025高一下·云南丽江·期末） The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, in which tens of thousands of people died and hundreds of thousands injured, was the event that changed everything for China in this field. The 8.0-magnitude quake had presented the most difficult relief (救助) challenges to the country since 1949, leading to a complete review and improvement of the country’s emergency response (应对) capabilities. Since then, preventing and controlling disasters has become a top concern for the Chinese government. For earthquakes, getting an early warning is extremely important. The Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Center found that a three-second early warning can lower the number of the injured by 14%; a ten-second warning, by 39%; a 20-second warning, by 63%. So in the following years China has developed an automatic (自动的) early warning system which can send out warnings to millions of people in China within just two minutes after an earthquake. In 2018, the Chinese government also created the Ministry of Emergency Management, together with civil services, the Red Cross, and the National Fire and Rescue Administration to ensure a round-the-clock emergency response. There are now 27 specialized teams for mountain, water, and air rescues, as well as earthquake relief, and seven teams for helping with international rescue efforts. Whether it is earthquake, typhoon, flood or forest fire, China has an excellent record in post-disaster recovery, as it is able to organize resources from various departments including power, water conservancy and supply, telecommunications and disease control. To reduce the effects of follow-up disasters, these departments would do their parts to repair damaged roads and railways, restore power, water supply, communication and other services to help people get back to normal life. Disaster relief requires the whole society to work together. And China sets an example of how to prevent loss and save lives by putting the people first. 49．How does this text show the importance of early warning systems? A．By using quotes. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By making contrast. 50．Why has the government set up the specialized teams? A．To carry out disaster relief internationally. B．To help the rescue and recovery work. C．To train local people in disaster prevention. D．To handle forest fires more effectively. 51．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The effects of follow-up disasters have been reduced. B．A lot of natural disasters have happened in the world. C．Disaster relief needs efforts across various departments. D．Different departments are responsible for building roads and railways. 52．What’s the main idea of this text? A．China has improved disaster response and recovery. B．China has developed an early warning system for earthquakes. C．China organized various departments for post-disaster recovery. D．China has created specialized departments to respond to earthquakes. Passage 14 （2024高一下·云南保山·期末） In the hottest months of each year, many powerful storms are born in the Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about half a dozen cause the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that are named hurricanes, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and most seriously, bring death to large numbers of people. The great storms that hit the coast start as harmless circling disturbances (大气搅动) hundreds, even thousands, of miles out at sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, wet air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In this course, the wetness in this warm air produces rains, and with it the heat is changed into energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl (旋转) in a counter-clockwise (逆时针) motion. The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The hidden energy of the heat given off by a hurricane’s rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the US for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6-to-12-inch downpour resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea, the mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves towards shore. 53．What is the most serious loss that hurricanes lead to? A．Strong winds. B．People’s death. C．Heavy rainstorms. D．A large amount of money. 54．In which season does a hurricane usually occur? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 55．The underlined word “downpour” probably refers to__________. A．heavy rainfall B．downward waves C．the pour of seawater D．the movement of circling disturbances 56．What is the passage mainly talking about? A．The motion of counter-clockwise swirling. B．The process of changing strong winds into storms. C．The main cause of a hurricane and its severe destruction. D．The hidden energy shown through destructive hurricanes. Passage 15 （2024高一下·云南曲靖·期末） For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be essential. Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress, a small flowering plant, in lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform,” explained Professor Rob Ferl. “It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers?” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in lunar soil, add water, nutrients, and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped. For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that simulate Martian soils. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. Growing plants in lunar soils may also change the moon itself, according to Dr. Stephen Elardo. “The moon is a very, very dry place,” he said. How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies. 57．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．The significance of the findings. B．The plants grown in the lunar soil. C．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. D．The challenges about future space exploration. 58．What did researchers find about the plants grown in lunar soil? A．They absorbed few nutrients. B．They didn’t grow well enough. C．They grew slowly in the dark. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 59．What will the follow-up studies be about? A．What the researchers can do in the follow-up study. B．Why the lunar soil is so dry and lacking in nutrients. C．Whether plants have a potential impact on lunar soil. D．How the plants react to the added water and nutrients. 60．What is the best title for the text? A．Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar Soil B．Scientists Conduct a Study on Lunar Soil C．Scientists Prepare for Farming on the Moon D．Scientists Hope to Collect More Lunar Soil Passage 16 （2024高一下·云南昆明·期末） Elephants are among the few wild animals to build strong social al connections of companionship, friendship and family. They are able to recognize not only their own mothers, calves (幼崽), brothers and sisters but also their grandmothers, aunts, cousins and nieces. They know elephants they’ve interacted within the past, and have been observed to build particular friendships with unrelated elephants. These features partly result from the way that elephants live. “Herds” are very small units a group of three or four closely related female elephants plus their calves, who live and travel together for all their lives. Sometimes, though, these herds join up with other herds, living, feeding playing and travelling together. These groups almost always go back into their basic family units in the end, but if they come across each other again they will express recognition and love. Like all mammals (哺乳动物), elephant communicate a great deal through body language. Love is often expressed by crossing or “hugging” their long noses, usually between close relatives and friends who have travelled in the same herd for a long time. And much physical communication takes place with the ends of elephants’ noses — they use these to comfort and reassure each other, to greet friends, and to recognize the efforts of a hard-working mother or the birth of new calves. When a member of the herd is close to death, the whole herd will stop moving and stay resting in one small area for a time. Once the elderly or sick elephant passes away, they will stay on for a few more days — gathering around the dead body, and seeming to make aloud high sad sound for their companion that has passed away. 61．What is special about elephants according to paragraph 1? A．They can identify various species. B．They live independently in most cases. C．They tend to establish social networks. D．They seldom interact with unrelated ones. 62．What do elephants do after joining up with other herds? A．Feed the other herds. B．End up in their original herds. C．Give birth to new calves. D．Live together for all their lives. 63．What does the underlined word “reassure” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Make fun of. B．Take control of. C．Give confidence to. D．Turn a blind eye to. 64．What’s a herd’s reaction to the death of a member? A．Letting out a faint sound. B．Moving forward in small groups. C．Crossing or hugging their long noses. D．Gathering around in memory of the companion. Passage 17 （2024高一下·云南曲靖·期末） It seems there’s nowhere left to run from the microplastic (微塑料的) pollution. A small pilot study recently took microplastics from one of Europe’s most distant places, the French Pyrenees mountains, and found as many microplastics in the soil as you might expect from a big city like Paris. The reason? The wind. Researchers now fear that our planet’s winds can pick up microplastics from about anywhere and transport them around the world, sometimes in large quantities. “We’d kind of expected it in a city getting blown around,” said Steve Allen from the University of Strathclyde in the UK, one member of the team. “But way up there? We expected to find some,” he said. “We didn’t expect to find so many.” Microplastics are pieces smaller than a fifth of an inch that have broken down from larger pieces of plastic. The forces of nature don’t distinguish (区分) between materials like stones and rocks, and plastics. Wind and waves hit plastics and break them down just the same, making them into dust that can then get swept up by the gentle wind and into the atmosphere. It’s a continuing environmental concern, as more and more microplastics find their way into our food and air. The fact that microplastics can be found in large numbers even in distant places is a sign that is has become a global pollution problem. Steve Allen and his team set up collectors 4,500 feet up in the mountains for five months to trap plastic particles (粒子) as they fell to the Earth. The team found that an average of 365 plastic particles fell on their square meter collector daily. This included bits from plastic bags, plastic film and packaging material, among other plastic sources. Many of these materials were small enough to be breathed in without even realizing it. They’re in the air, and they’re everywhere. 65．What did Steve Allen think of the finding? A．Interesting. B．Boring. C．Surprising. D．Disappointing. 66．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．How the microplastics come into being. B．How the wind spreads the microplastics. C．How the microplastic pollution appears. D．How the wind makes the pollution serious. 67．What do we know about the plastic particles? A．It is difficult to collect them. B．They all come from big cities. C．They are part of the air we breathe. D．It is impossible to know their source. 68．What is the text mainly about? A．Plastics have been found in the distant areas. B．Plastics are proved to do great harm to the soil. C．The microplastic pollution is worse in big cities. D．Wind is carrying microplastics around the world. Passage 18 （2024高一下·云南丽江·期末） Dry lightning(雷电)can still be harmful even when conditions aren’t so dry, said a study published in Geophysical Research Letters last month. Dry lightning during little to no rainfall was previously thought to cause wildfire danger only with less than 2.5mm of rain in a day. A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found dry lightning caused wildfires despite up to 7.7 mm of rain. “The rainfall amounts we recorded should help provide a better understanding of just how much rain can cause a fire risk,” said Dmitri Kalashnikov, lead author of the study. The researchers analyzed(分析)cases on more than 4,600 naturally caused fires from 2015 to 2020. They matched 3,726 of those to the lightning strikes that likely started them with the help of National Lightning Detection Network. The study found that 15.3% of those were holdover fires which burn without smoke, bringing about over a hundred fires each year. Analyzing the rainfall amounts around the time of the lightning strikes showed greater rainfall than previously thought among the earlier found fires ranging from 1.7 mm to 4.6 mm. While humans still cause most fires either by accident or on purpose, lightning-caused wildfires burn the most areas. Nearly 70% of the wildfire-burned land in the West was from lightning-caused fires according to the study. For example, the largest wildfire burn area in California history took place in August 2020 after dry lightning caused many wildfires at once. Dry lightning can also start wildfires in places that are hard for firefighters to reach. This study found the places where holdover fires happened repeatedly were in the forested mountains of the Southwest as well as the middle and southern Rocky Mountains. Holdover fires cause the problem because they are so hard to notice. 69．The new study found dry lightning can still cause wildfires with a daily rainfall of __________. A．7.7 mm B．8.0mm C．9.4mm D．10.2mm 70．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The finding of the research. B．The number of the cases. C．The process of the study. D．The designers of the test. 71．Why did holdover fires happen repeatedly in the forested mountains? A．They are difficult to notice. B．The fire service is short-handed. C．Campers often smoke there. D．The locals fail to call firefighters. 72．From which is the text probably taken? A．A history textbook. B．A science magazine. C．A course plan. D．A book review. Passage 19 （2023高一下·云南保山·期末） Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes. However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but precisely predicting would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust. Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms. As it turns out, quake prediction is extremely difficult. Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2500 years ago: he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. Nowadays, seismic and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem. Currently, Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface. “Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau said. “Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.” 73．What do we know about earthquake forecasting? A．Scientists have been passionate about accurately predicting earthquakes. B．As long as enough data is collected, earthquakes can be predicted. C．Mathematical models of motion can simulate and predict earthquakes. D．Scientists have not yet fully studied the structure of earthquakes. 74．How did Pherecydes successfully predict earthquakes? A．By seismic and remote-sensing methods. B．By observing unusual natural phenomena. C．By living in seismic zones throughout the year. D．By looking into data on the early warning signs. 75．What was Bruneau’s opinion about the current methods of earthquake prediction? A．He strongly believed the Terra Seismic can solve the difficult problem. B．He was sure that humans could accurately predict earthquakes in the future. C．He considered it harmless to humans for an earthquake deeper than 40km. D．He thought that scientists had no reliable method to predict earthquakes. 76．Which question does this article focus on? A．Why do humans predict earthquakes? B．How to protect oneself during an earthquake? C．What methods can be used to forecast earthquakes? D．When to achieve accurate earthquake forecasting? Passage 20 （2023高一下·云南楚雄·期末） Objects in the night sky are disappearing from view because of light pollution, according to a new study. Outdoor lighting from street lamps, office buildings and vehicle headlights leads to sky less bright, which is when the night sky gets brighter. The brighter it is at night, the harder it is to see stars and planets from Earth. Christopher Kyba, an astronomer with the GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, led his team studying over 50, 000 star observations between 2011 and 2022. “If the brightening of the night sky continues at the current rate,” Kyba said, “a child born in a place where 250 stars are visible will only be able to see 100 stars by the time he or she turned 18.” The issue is global but particularly common in North America, where 80% of people cannot see the Milky Way galaxy (银河系). This huge group of billions of stars should look like a wide strip of light in the dark night sky. However, only very remote places, such as the Sahara Desert and the Amazon Rain Forest, have a truly dark night sky. Light pollution makes it harder for astronomers to study stars and planets. It also causes problems for animals. Animals active at night like bats become confused and crash into objects. Turtles that hatch (孵化)at night need moonlight to find the sea, but artificial lights can confuse them and make them head inland instead. Birds in cities often wake up and start singing earlier than they should. Human lights also cause themselves to produce less of a chemical called melatonin(褪黑激素). This can lead to sleep problems, headaches, tiredness, and mood issues. To help, scientists want to raise awareness of light pollution. They suggest that people use outdoor lighting that causes less light pollution, such as motion-sensitive lights that switch on only when they’re needed. 77．How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A．By giving examples. B．By offering evidence. C．By making comparison. D．By bringing up the issue. 78．What can be inferred from Kyba’s words? A．Light pollution is becoming serious. B．Adults are easier to see stars than kids. C．Stars are becoming fewer year by year. D．Kids are losing interest in watching stars. 79．What effect may light pollution cause? A．Turtles are forced to hatch at sea. B．Humans produce more melatonin. C．Bats can get lost during the flight. D．Birds in cities wake up much later. 80．What is the best title for the text? A．A New Origin of Light Pollution B．Light Is Making Stars Unobserved C．Ways to Deal with Light Pollution D．Light Causes Human Sleep Issues Passage 21 （2023高一下·云南玉溪·期末） How many plastic carrier bags have you got in your house? I seem to have cupboards full of them and it feels like they’re taking over my home! The shopping bag is just one example of the million things we use made from this useful material, plastic. But unfortunately, it’s not the easiest thing to recycle and this is causing an environmental problem. Most of our everyday plastic items end up in landfill, left to rot away for many years. But some of it blows away, causing damage to the natural environment and harming wildlife. The problem is most serious in our oceans. The study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, described how remote islands act as a “sink” for the world’s rubbish. They become collecting points for fishing items and everyday things including toothbrushes, cigarette lighters and razors (剃须刀); things that we throw away. Dr Jennifer Lavers from the University of Tasmania says, “Almost every island in the world and almost every species in the ocean is now being shown to be impacted one way or another by our waste.” This highlights the potentially deadly effect of our disposable culture. When we throw something away, it doesn’t just disappear, it goes somewhere and because of the long-lasting nature of plastic, it takes a lot time to decompose (分解) and stays there causing great damage to the ocean’s ecology. Some other recent worldwide research estimates that 90% of all seabirds have swallowed plastic. And worse still, this plastic is broken down into tiny particles (颗粒) over a long period by the wind and the waves, then sea creatures at the bottom of the food chain ingest (咽下) them. These creatures are eaten by the fish that we eventually consume. The solution to this problem would be to use less plastic. So next time you pick up a carrier bag, or buy a plastic bottle of water, spare a thought for the birds and animals on the remote islands. What do you do to help the environment? 81．What’s the function of the first paragraph of the text? A．To explain an idea. B．To create a suspense. C．To introduce the topic. D．To summarize the text. 82．According to the passage, why is plastic difficult to decompose? A．Because of its lasting nature. B．Because we use so much of it. C．Because of our disposable culture. D．Because it causes damage to the ocean’s ecology. 83．Where will the plastic finally come in the food chain? A．Seabirds. B．Sea creatures. C．Fish. D．Human beings. 84．What does the author call on us to do? A．To consume less plastic. B．To pick up a carrier bag. C．To buy a plastic bottle of water. D．To see birds and animals on the remote islands. Passage 22 （2024高一下·云南昭通·期末） The newly-elected president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro says that his country should withdraw (退出) from the 2015 Paris Agreement, and that Brazil’s rainforest protections are standing in the way of economic success. During the election campaign, he promised to ease protections for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native people and wildlife. Are Brazil’s rainforests in danger? The Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest, is called “the lungs of the planet.” Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide from the air around it. Billions of trees pull up water through their roots and release water vapor into the air, forming tiny drops of water. The Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall. Carlos Nobre, a climate scientist, says that it is almost impossible to say Just how important the rainforest is to the planet’s living systems. Some of Bolsonaro’s support comes from business and farming groups. One supporter, Luiz Carlos, noted that farmers “are not invaders, they are producers.” He blamed the past government for supporting rainforest protections at the cost of farmers. “Brazil,” he said, “will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro’s years.” Paulo Artaxo, a professor of environmental physics at the University of Sao Paulo, says that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises, then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly — and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet.” Other scientists warn that if the Amazon and other tropical rainforests lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall in other areas. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland. 85．The first paragraph is intended to ________. A．draw people’s attention to the disappearing rainforests B．ask people to ease the protection of rainforests C．attract the public to the newly-elected president D．to complain about the new government's withdrawing 86．According to the passage, rainforests can ________. A．produce much farmland B．examine people’s lungs C．change the earth’s living system D．destroy farmers’ crops 87．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The new president’s supporters care less about farmers. B．Scientists are concerned about the protection of rainforests. C．The rainforests will stop the economic development in Brazil. D．The past government is to blame for the destruction of rainforests 88．The passage is probably taken from ________. A．a newspaper B．a magazine C．a guidebook D．a textbook 主题02 人与社会 Passage 23 （2025高一下·云南玉溪·期末） As a top car maker, Tesla has been trying hard in autonomous vehicle technology. The company’s CEO, Elon Musk, has promised an exciting future where Tesla cars drive themselves, which focuses on Autopilot, Tesla’s advanced driver-assistance system designed to improve safety and convenience behind the wheel. Launched in 2015, Autopilot is aimed at reducing the drivers’ work. Today, the system becomes standard on every new Tesla car and includes features like Autosteer and Traffic-Aware Gruise Control, which together help a vehicle match its speed to that of nearby traffic and stay within a clearly marked lane (车道). The Autopilot system requires special equipment to collect and process data. The first version, “Hardware 1”, depended on a camera, radar and ultrasonic sensors (超声波传感器) to provide driving help. In 2016, “Hardware 2” was introduced and improved to include more advanced equipment. Later, Tesla introduced Enhanced Autopilot, offering several new features that help vehicles function more automatically. By 2017, Tesla began selling a more advanced model of Autopilot, calling it “Full Self-Driving” (FSD). Besides the features of Basic and Enhanced Autopilot, FSD can recognize and react to traffic lights and stop signs. However, there have been hundreds of crashes involving Tesla vehicles using FSD and Autopilot along with dozens of deaths. The company makes it clear that both systems require active driver control and do not make the vehicle fully autonomous. In October 2024, Musk showed the company’s robotaxi, Cybercab. Expected to be available before 2027, Cybercab will have no steering wheel (方向盘) or pedals, allowing it to transport passengers without human involvement. However, experts are not sure if these Tesla taxis will hit the roads anytime soon. “Numerous technological hurdles, safety tests, and regulatory approvals (监管审批) are still standing in the way,” senior analyst Garrett Nelson told The New York Times. 89．What is Autopilot designed to do? A．Strengthen safe and convenient driving. B．Enable Tesla to improve its production. C．Replace the work drivers need to do. D．Increase the speed of Tesla cars. 90．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The functions of the Autopilot system. B．The features of the automatic vehicles. C．The advantages of the ultrasonic sensors. D．The development of the Autopilot system. 91．What does the underlined word “hurdles” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Difficulties. B．Improvements. C．Inventions. D．Shortages. 92．In which part of a magazine can you read this article? A．Lifestyle. B．Entertainment. C．Culture. D．Technology. Passage 24 （2025高一下·云南玉溪·期末） Robotic dogs are expected to help transport waste on Mount Tai in Tai’an, Shandong Province, combining high technology with environmental protection to deal with the growing waste management challenges at this popular tourist destination. As hikers climbed Mount Tai, they were attracted by a robotic dog carrying waste on its back, under the control of a technologist. During the climb, the robot dog broadcast (广播) messages to encourage visitors to protect the mountain’s environment, bringing joy to the tired hikers. Mount Tai, a UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage site, welcomed 8.62 million tourists last year. The complex terrain (地形) makes waste transportation more difficult. After studying different solutions, the government believes that using robotic helpers for transportation is a good choice. Tests were carried out over three days at the base, middle and top of the mountain. Equipped with a shelf and box that can carry 30 to 40 kilograms, the robot dogs were tested for climbing ability, carrying ability and emergency action on the mountain’s hard terrain. Results showed that they could reach the top of the mountain from the base within two hours, while the average time for adult tourists not carrying heavy things is about four hours. The robots can work for four to six hours on a full charge (充满电). During the tests, the robotic dogs adapted to over 80% of the mountain’s terrain, showing hopeful results in waste transportation. They became a unique attraction, with many tourists stopping to record moments with these lovely helpers. “I saw it climbing and took a photo with it. It’s truly amazing,” said Wang Yang, a tourist from Heilongjiang Province. “It would be more unbelievable if it could carry people up the mountain in the future.” 93．What is the main job of the robotic dogs on Mount Tai? A．To guide tourists. B．To clean the scenic area directly. C．To carry heavy things like rubbish. D．To protect the environment. 94．Which of the following is not mentioned about the robotic dogs? A．Its color. B．Its adaptation. C．Its appearance. D．Its function. 95．What can we infer from Wang Yang’s words about the robotic dogs? A．Tourists are not very practical at present. B．Tourists have high expectations for their future development. C．They will surely be used to carry people soon. D．They have some technical problems that need to be solved. 96．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Robotic dogs are becoming a new tourist attraction on Mount Tai. B．The government is trying different ways to manage waste on Mount Tai. C．Robotic dogs are being tested for waste transportation on Mount Tai. D．Mount Tai is facing serious waste management challenges. Passage 25 （2025高一下·云南保山·期末） In the digital age, where information spreads at the speed of light, Li Ziqi has risen as a remarkable figure. She is not just an social media influencer but a devoted inheritor (传承者) of intangible cultural heritage, attracting audiences worldwide with her unique charm. Li Ziqi’s journey into the world of intangible cultural heritage began with her love for traditional rural life. Coming from a small village in Sichuan, she was deeply influenced by the age-old skills and customs passed down through generations. When she began filming her life in 2016, her videos were an absolute contrast to the fast-paced digital world. For instance, the laborious process of making traditional Chinese handicrafts like bamboo-woven baskets. She started from selecting the right bamboo, carefully splitting it into thin strips, and then creatively weaving them into various shapes, showing the long-standing artistry of bamboo weaving in a new way. Shot in soft, golden light, the videos showed her planting rice in spring, preserving fruits in summer, and crafting soy sauce in autumn from zero, each structured a love letter to China’s agrarian heritage. One of her most obvious contributions lies in promoting the art of lacquerware (漆器). In her video, she spent six months learning the complex techniques of lacquer art from local masters. The final product was a glorious lacquerware piece, which presented her devotion and the beauty of this ancient art. Moreover, Li Ziqi’s influence extends far beyond China. Her YouTube channel, with millions of followers, serves as a window for the world to peek into China’s intangible cultural heritage. Li Ziqi’s efforts have not only brought intangible cultural heritage into the spotlight but also inspired a new generation’s interest in these age-old traditions. She proves that with passion and creativity, intangible cultural heritage can develop powerfully in modern times, connecting cultures and generations. 97．Why Li Ziqi started her journey of intangible cultural heritage? A．Because she wanted to be an internet celebrity. B．Because she liked the artistry of bamboo weaving. C．Because she had a passion for traditional rural life. D．Because she wanted to promote the art of lacquerware. 98．What does the underlined word “agrarian” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Industrial. B．Commercial. C．Agricultural. D．Artistic. 99．Which of the following best describes Li Ziqi’s character? A．Passionate and creative. B．Devoted and dependent. C．Practical and humorous. D．Ambitious and competitive. 100．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce Li Ziqi’s daily life in a rural village. B．To evaluate the challenges of inheriting intangible cultural heritage. C．To explain the economic benefits of making videos on digital platforms. D．To highlight Li Ziqi’s role in preserving and spreading traditional culture. Passage 26 （2025高一下·云南保山·期末） In AD 166, messengers saying they were from Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius came to Luoyang, China. They traveled through Southeast Asia and then by land. The Chinese called Rome as Da Qin, seeing it equally powerful as their own empire, but this was the first direct meeting. They offered only simple gifts like elephant teeth and animal horns found in Southeast Asia. Their strange path through Vietnam—instead of the usual Gansu road—made people doubt if they were real government messengers. Western interest in Asian roads began earlier. Alexander the Great reached India, and Egyptian sea trade started from Alexandria. The messengers’ trip showed growing Silk Road connections. The sea route was found by accident. A lost Indian sailor was saved in the Red Sea. After learning Greek, he explained seasonal winds: winds blow toward India from March-September, and toward Egypt from October-February. Explorer Eudoxus used these winds to reach India in weeks, starting Indian Ocean trade. After Rome took Egypt (30 BC), Alexandria became the main port for Eastern goods. Important Egyptian ports sent up to 120 ships to India yearly under Rome. Romans’ strong liking for silk, especially after Augustus ruled, made Rome lose much gold trading with the East. A 1st-century trader’s book (Periplus Maris Erythraei) listed key Indian ports. Silk reached ports like Barygaza by land from China (“Silk Country”), but few Westerners met Chinese. Traders going to China usually sailed through Sri Lanka to Cattigara (Vietnam). Roman objects found there suggest the AD 166 “messengers” might be Cattigara traders. Land roads across Central Asia were dangerous and blocked by Rome’s enemy, the Parthians. Land trips like Maes Titianus’ took two years—far longer than weeks by sea. Silk Road trade grew strong again during China’s Tang dynasty and Mongol rule, but slowed when the Ottoman Empire blocked land trade, pushing Europeans to seek sea roads. 101．Why did people doubt the messengers were real government ones? A．They came by land. B．They brought inexpensive gifts. C．They traveled through Vietnam. D．They were from Marcus Aurelius. 102．What was the result of Eudoxus’ use of the seasonal winds? A．He discovered the sea route. B．He reached India very quickly. C．He saved a lost Indian sailor. D．He began business with the Greeks. 103．What can be inferred about silk trade on the Silk Road? A．Silk passed through many hands. B．The Parthians supported silk trade. C．Roman traders preferred land routes. D．Rome bought more silk than it sold. 104．What is the main idea of the text? A．The importance of Alexandria. B．The story of a lost Indian sailor. C．The relation between Rome and China. D．The development of Silk Road trade. Passage 27 （2025高一下·云南玉溪·期末） When children learn a musical instrument, one of the hardest things for a parent to do is encourage them to practice. But here’s something parents can use to give their kids a reason to try: A study has found that playing a musical instrument may lead to better brain health in later life. That might not be enough to encourage a child who has better things to do, but it’s good news for those who enjoy music. Researchers from the UK looked at data from an online survey of more than 1,000 people over the age of 40 who had been asked to talk about their musical experiences and exposure (暴露)to music during their lives. They were also given tasks that tested their memory and skills in things like planning and focusing. The study found that playing a musical instrument, especially the piano, was connected with better memory and thinking skills. And continuing to play an instrument into later life was found to have an even more salutary effect. Singing was related to better brain health in older age too. The research team suggested that the social factors that came with singing in a singing group may also have had an effect. One of the researchers, Anne Corbett, who is a professor of dementia (痴呆)research at the University of Exeter, said that encouraging older adults to return to music later in life could be a useful public health strategy. She said, “There is much evidence for the benefit of music group activities for individuals with dementia.” And she suggested that such activities could be used to reduce the risk of developing dementia. Of those who took part in the survey, 89% said they had played a musical instrument at some time in their lives, and about half still played one. Around seven out of ten said they had taken part in group singing. 105．Which is a benefit children learning musical instruments get according to the text? A．Becoming famous. B．Getting courage to try new things. C．Encouraging them to do things well. D．Having better brain health in later life. 106．What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Typical. B．Absolute. C．Positive. D．Sufficient. 107．According to Anne, how could music benefit older adults? A．It encourages them to sing more. B．It lowers the chance of developing dementia. C．It provides a relaxing mind in their free time. D．It helps them stay physically active. 108．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To explain the importance of a hobby. B．To describe that singing is good for health. C．To tell us what we should do in daily life. D．To encourage people to join in music activities. Passage 28 （2025高一下·云南昭通·期末） When visiting a doctor in the future, you can expect to be accompanied by a virtual version of yourself. This so-called digital twin will be a working model of your body that can be shown onto a physician’s computer screen. Updated with your latest important signs, it will help the doctor make an right diagnosis (诊断) and provide personalized treatments for the patients. No matter how unreal this might seem, the researchers at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) already use computer simulations (模拟) of the hearts of patients to test different treatments for a heart disorder. It would be far too dangerous to experiment this way on someone’s real heart. Digital twins are starting to be seen everywhere. They can not only monitor the health of jet engines on airliners, but also help carmakers spend fewer years on the development of new models by simulating test drives and crashes. All this is being powered by recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), which gives twins the ability to make predictions about their physical counterparts (对应的事物), and adjust themselves based on new information. Digital twins make it easier for humans to solve challenging problems, allowing people to have a look into the future. For businesses, this should mean better designs and operations. For society, the promise is also fascinating: personalized health care, and ways to prevent the earth from environmental disasters. Could these virtual twins go out of control? They might if they are programmed badly. Digital twins will take in mountains of data, some of it wrong and much of it causing concerns about privacy. Yet those risks are a natural part of technological progress. The appearance of the digital mirror world will lead to new questions, but its good sides are already easy to see. 109．Which of the following is NOT talked as a use of digital twins? A．Personalizing healthcare treatments. B．Simulating heart conditions for safer medical testing. C．Predicting weather patterns for agriculture. D．Improving car model development. 110．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．Digital twins can replace human doctors in the future. B．AI enables digital twins to control, predict and adapt. C．Car crashes are now completely simulated to avoid real accidents. D．Jet engines require digital twins to function properly. 111．What is the author’s attitude toward digital twins? A．Fully supportive without doubt. B．Doubtful due to privacy risks. C．Balanced, admitting both good effects and challenges. D．Indifferent to technological progress. 112．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Dangers of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine B．How Jet Engines Use Computer Simulations C．The History of Heart Disease Treatments D．Digital Twins: A Groundbreaking Mirror World with Challenges and Benefits Passage 29 （2025高一下·云南临沧·期末） Nowadays, social media is widely used by millions of people to connect and share their lives. However, research suggests that excessive (过度) use of social media may lead to mental health issues like depression and anxiety. One behavior that researchers have focused on recently is photo editing, which involves altering one’s appearance in pictures before posting them on social media. While some studies have suggested that photo editing is linked to negative outcomes such as seeing oneself as an object and having low self-esteem, the relationship between these factors is not well understood. Phillip Ozimek and his colleagues conducted a study with 403 young adults recruited through social media platforms to investigate the potential risks associated with photo editing on social media. Participants completed an online survey that included questions about their social media use, photo editing behavior, self-perception as an object, comparisons of physical appearance, self-esteem (自尊), and other relevant factors. To measure photo editing behavior, participants reported how often they edited their selfies before posting them on social media. To assess self-perception as an object and comparisons of physical appearance, participants answered questions about how much they monitored their bodies and compared themselves to others' looks. Finally, participants’ self-esteem was measured using a questionnaire that evaluated their overall sense of self-worth. The data showed that higher levels of photo editing were associated with increased self-perception as an object and more comparisons of physical appearance among young adults. These factors, in turn, were related to lower self-esteem. The researchers suggested that photo editing behavior may contribute to feelings of self-perception as an object and basing one’s worth on appearance, especially among vulnerable groups like teenagers. They emphasized the need for further research to explore the impact of photo editing on mental health outcomes and understand why people engage in this behavior. Although the study had some limitations, as acknowledged by Ozimek and his colleagues highlighted the importance of considering overall social media use and specific behaviors like photo editing when studying the relationship between social media and mental health outcomes. Interventions (干预) aimed at reducing excessive social media use or promoting healthier engagement with social media could have positive effects on the mental well-being of young people. 113．What were the participants asked to do in the study? A．Fill in a questionnaire about self-worth. B．Compare their looks with others. C．Edit their selfies before posting. D．See themselves as an object. 114．What does the word “vulnerable” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Hardly protected. B．Particularly strong. C．Easily influenced. D．Mostly independent. 115．From the passage, what can we infer? A．The higher levels of photo editing, the higher self-esteem. B．Reducing the overuse of social media might be beneficial to well-being. C．Photo editing is the only behavior that affects mental health on social media. D．The study has completely worked out the problem of the overuse of social media. 116．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To introduce the popularity of social media. B．To explain the detailed process of a study on photo editing. C．To show teenagers are the most vulnerable group in using social media. D．To explore the relationship between photo editing and negative mental states. Passage 30 （2025高一下·云南红河·期末） As the Spring Festival approaches, discussions on “festive atmosphere fading away (逐渐消失)” have once again risen to the surface; yet a closer look reveals that young people are not throwing away traditions, but celebrating the festival in new and innovative ways. On the lifestyle platform Xiaohongshu, users share couplets (对联) they have written. Instead of poetic wishes, the paired phrases could be numbers, emojis and plain slogans—with “Having money and knowledge; Losing weight and troubles” an often-seen refrain. These funny couplets have encouraged many people to continue the Spring Festival tradition of hanging couplets and sticking gate-god pictures. Calligraphy, woodcut pictures and traditional paintings also gain in popularity among people born from 1995 to 2010. Another rebounding (复苏的) tradition is wearing hanfu, a traditional garment of the Han people, often worn during festivals. For people born after 1990s, one of the childhood Spring Festival customs was buying new clothes. Some still embrace this tradition as a way to ring in the newyear. Dang Hui from Luoyang, took her family for a hanfu family photoshoot. Instead of sitting indoors, they went to ancient-style parks and temple fairs. Some young people also get to know better and become interested in Spring Festival “traditions”, such as visiting temple fairs, flower markets and watching lion dancing. Meng Fanis spending the holidays with her family in Guangzhou and they plan to watch lion dancing, which combines martial arts, folk music and dance. The movements, mimicking lions climbing mountains, jumping across rivers and playing with each other, carry auspicious meanings such as overcoming difficulties and making achievements. Through these new ways to celebrate the Chinese Lunar New Year, older generations pass on traditions while young people gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of the Spring Festival. 117．What can we learn about the young people from paragraph 2? A．They are good at writing poetic slogans. B．They dislike traditional Chinese art forms. C．They are tired of the Spring Festival traditions. D．They express their wishes through funny couplets. 118．Why does the author mention Dang Hui? A．To recall childhood memories. B．To introduce hanfu photoshoot. C．To give the details of an old custom. D．To show the comeback of a tradition. 119．What does the underlined word “auspicious” mean in paragraph 4? A．Positive. B．Different. C．Confusing. D．Original. 120．What is the text mainly about? A．The decline of festive atmosphere. B．The meaning carried by Spring Festival. C．The importance of passing on traditions. D．The renewal of Spring Festival traditions. Passage 31 （2024高一下·云南保山·期末） Engineers at the University of Arizona and a scientist at the American space agency NASA have developed a lightweight sailplane that can fly above Mars for several days at a time. The plane is equipped with flight, temperature and gas sensors, as well as cameras. It is designed to gather data about the Red Planet’s atmosphere. There are currently eight active spacecraft orbiting Mars and three rover vehicles also exploring the surface. But these research vehicles are limited in their ability to collect data on the area just above the Mars surface, because they depend on energy from the sun and need batteries to operate. The researchers say the sailplane they developed is lightweight and low-cost. It will be able to use a method called dynamic soaring. This method permits a plane to gain energy by repeatedly crossing boundaries between air masses of different strength levels. This kind of wind activity is known to be common on Mars. NASA has experimented with a small helicopter on Mars, the Ingenuity. So far, tests of Ingenuity have been successful. But the experimental helicopter is only able to fly for a few minutes at a time and can only reach heights of about 12 meters. “Its technology has been very limited by energy,” says the study’s lead author, Adrien Bouskela. Sailplanes, on the other hand, can fly over the Martian skies for days, allowing them to reach far beyond Ingenuity and visit new places. The team has carried out tests of the sailplane by attaching it to a balloon floating in the sky. More tests are planned for this summer when researchers are expected to send the plane up to about 4500 meters above sea level, where Earth’s atmosphere is thinner and flight conditions are similar to those of Mars. “We can use Earth as a laboratory to study fight to Mars,” said Sergei Shakrayev, a professor at the University of Arizona. 121．Why do people create the lightweight sailplane? A．To detect the resources on Mars. B．To explore the atmosphere on Mars. C．To collect the data of the outer space. D．To record changes in the solar system. 122．What is the advantage of the sailplane compared with other research vehicles? A．It is easier to operate. B．It can be powered by wind. C．It provides more accurate data. D．It weighs less and moves faster. 123．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A．The development of the sailplane cost less. B．Sailplanes can work longer than other research vehicles. C．The Ingenuity can reach heights of more than 12 meters. D．To collect data, some research vehicles are being used to explore the Mars. 124．What can you infer from the last paragraph? A．Researchers will do more tests in the laboratory. B．Researchers will apply the sailplane to other fields. C．Earth’s atmosphere is thinner than that on the Mars. D．Researchers will test the sailplane at high altitudes. Passage 32 （2024高一下·云南曲靖·期末） Imagine this: You’re at a movie theater food stand loading up on snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is 83. 50 and the large is $5. 50. It’s a tough decision: The small size may not last you through the whole movie, but $5. 50 for some sugary drink seems unreasonable. But there’s a third option, a medium soda for $5. 25. The medium might be just right for you, but the large only cost a quarter more. If you’re like the majority of people, you end up buying the large. If you’re wondering who would purchase the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. Actually, there’s a good chance that the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small. I have written about this unique human nature previously with my friend Dan Ariely, who, after noticing pricing for subscription (订阅) to The Economist, studied this phenomenon widely. The digital subscription was 859, the print subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price, so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two “real” choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. However, the bad option increased people’s likelihood of selecting the expensive print plus digital option. Brain scientists call this effect “asymmetric dominance (非对称优势)” and it means that people are hooked to the option that is closest to an obviously inferior (较差的) option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly easier to remember. It works because of the way our brain assigns value when making choices. Value is rarely absolute; rather, we decide an object’s value relative to other choices. If more options are introduced, the value equation (方程) changes. 125．Why do the shops give the third option-the medium soda? A．To earn more money. B．To offer people better choices. C．To help people save money. D．To give people the right size of soda. 126．What do we learn from Dan Ariely’s experiment? A．Lower-priced goods attract more customers B．The economist’s promotional strategy works. C．The economist’s print edition turns out to sell the best. D．More readers choose the digital over the print edition. 127．What does the underlined word “hooked” in the last paragraph mean? A．Opposed. B．Employed. C．Devoted. D．Attracted. 128．From which website would you most probably find the text? A．https: //www. lifestyle. com/health B．https: //www. education. com/science C．https: //www. consumers. com/money D．https: /www. movie. com/entertainment 主题03 人与自我 Passage 33 （2024高一下·云南红河·期末） Artificial Intelligence has made its way into drug development, operations and medical advice, and now it is helping people improve the quality of their sleep. The Artificial Intelligence in Sleep Medicine Committee, part of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, recently published a paper that studies how AI is contributing to the field of sleep medicine from 3 areas, including clinical (临床的) applications, lifestyle management and population health. AI technology reveals a new approach to public health about sleep, according to Dr. Bandy, chair of the Artificial Intelligence in Sleep Medicine Committee at Riley Children’s Hospital, Indiana. “Good quality and amount of sleep is necessary for good health,” Bandy said in an interview, “As sleep medicine doctors, we have been recommending that for years, but sleep is often the first thing to be given up to make time for other competing interests.” She added, “For years, patients didn’t have access to tools to track their sleep or sleep habits, which made it difficult for doctors to get the data they needed to assess the quality and amount of sleep.” “With the arrival of AI, we now have the ability to track sleep, identify patterns and recognize changes in other physiological parameters (生理参数) that can info rm the clinician if something isn’t right,” Bandy said, “At the same time, this technology can help patients track their sleep and understand their sleep habits in a better way, empowering them to make positive changes for their own benefits.” While advances in AI technology have been shown to help humans make the most of everyday tasks and functions, experts suggest caution (慎重). “It is not a one-size-fits-all solution,” Bandy said, “Therefore, depending only on AI to diagnose uncommon disorders may not be a good idea.” 129．What kind of area is included in AI’s contribution to the field of sleep medicine in the paper? A．Mental health. B．Population data. C．Clinical applications. D．Medicine management. 130．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Tracking sleep quality is necessary for good health. B．Doctors found it difficult to get the data for lack of tools. C．Sleep is often the first thing to be considered by patients. D．Doctors have been recommending taking sleep medicine for years. 131．What does the underlined word “empowering” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Allowing. B．Promising. C．Ordering. D．Warning. 132．What is Bandy’s attitude towards advances in AI technology? A．Supportive. B．Uninterested. C．Careful. D．Unclear. Passage 34 （2024高一下·云南红河·期末） When we’re at school, we spend a lot of time studying — reading things we have to later recall in tests. It’s the way we’re often judged: how well can we remember what we’ve read? But there are different ways of studying. Do you read the information aloud? Do you read it in your head? Do you write notes, or perhaps ask someone else to test you? We usually find a way that works best for us. Past research has shown that reading information out loud helps us to remember it better, compared to reading the same information in our heads. However, researchers in Canada and Australia wanted to find out whether reading aloud has an effect on our comprehension (理解). Some previous studies have focused on how well people have been able to remember individual words, but not on how well they have been able to understand the information at a deeper level. The research team did four experiments, in which participants were given passages to read. They read some aloud, and read some in their heads. After reading each passage, participants were given multiple-choice questions to answer. Some of these questions tested their memory, and some tested their comprehension of the passage. The researchers found that reading aloud did improve memory, but it didn’t improve participants’ ability to make connections between different pieces of information, or their understanding of the passage at a deeper level. One of the researchers, Brady R. T. Roberts, told PsyPost that being able to remember information doesn’t mean we’ll understand it better. He added, “Read your shopping lists aloud to remember them better, but don’t bother reading your textbook chapters aloud.” 133．How many different ways of studying are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 134．What’s the purpose of the four experiments conducted by the research team? A．To study whether participants’ memory can be improved. B．To judge whether participants can remember individual words. C．To test whether participants can understand the previous studies. D．To check whether participants can understand the passages well at a deeper level. 135．Which of the following can be suitable for reading aloud according to Brady R. T. Roberts? A．Test papers. B．Textbook chapters. C．Price lists. D．Research papers. 136．What is the best title for the text? A．Reading Aloud Helps Comprehension, But Not Memory. B．Reading Aloud Helps Memory, But Not Comprehension. C．Reading in Our Heads Helps Comprehension, But Not Memory. D．Reading in Our Heads Helps Memory, But Not Comprehension. Passage 35 （2024高一下·云南丽江·期末） Cole Doss, 31, used his time on the microphone to make an announcement (广播) before the flight to honor his mom, a flight attendant for over 40 years. “She’s been one of my biggest supporters in my life and in my career (职业) becoming a pilot, ever since my very first flight lesson,” Doss told passengers, later adding, “To my mom, I love you, and without you, I wouldn’t have chosen such a great job.” Doss said the flight last month from Washington, D．C． to Madrid was not only the first time he and his mom had worked on a flight together, but also the first time his mom had been on a flight that he piloted. “That was the first time I had been able to fly my mom ever,” he said. “In flight school, she was a little nervous about the small planes, so I was never able to fly with her there.” Doss said his mom typically works on Asia-bound flights, but when she learned he was piloting a flight to Spain, she switched (调班) schedules with a fellow flight attendant so she could be on the same flight. On the day of the flight, Doss, having been a United Airlines pilot since February 2022, and his mom also worked on the return flight back to Washington, D．C． together. “I wanted to do something special to pay back my mom and let everyone know that this was a really cool event for both of us,” he said. “She was really proud of me so I’m sure she probably told most of the passengers that her son was flying up front,” Doss said. In addition to his mom’s role as a flight attendant for the United Airlines, Doss’ dad and sister are flight attendants for the American Airlines. 137．Why did Doss make the announcement on board? A．To read out some new rules. B．To express thanks to his mother. C．To tell passengers about safety. D．To help an old lady stay calm. 138．What is special about the flight for Doss? A．It was his first time flying with his mother. B．It took more than 24 hours to reach Madrid. C．He celebrated his birthday with passengers. D．There was only one attendant on the flight. 139．How did Doss’ mother feel about him? A．Hopeless. B．Strange. C．Sorry. D．Proud. 140．What can we learn about Doss from the text? A．His sister also works for the United Airlines. B．He used to be nervous about small planes. C．His family has positively influenced him. D．He always chats with his friends online. Passage 36 （2023高一下·云南楚雄·期末） Staying in hospital can be difficult for patients, often causing fear and anxiety, especially in younger individuals. These emotions can easily take over, but hospitals in Richmond, Virginia, have programs to relieve some of the stress and create moments of joy. Due to a program called Dogs On Call provided by the non-profit organization Center for Human-Animal Interaction, at the Children’s Hospital of Richmond, the sound of dogs coming down the hallway creates an atmosphere of excitement among child patients. For 21 years, the volunteer-run program has been connecting dogs with those in need of an inspiring moment. With the necessary registration steps, dogs and handlers can participate in weekly visits to the hospital. Besides the scheduled visits, parents or children can request a specific team to visit their rooms. “When a patient interacts with a dog, it can decrease blood pressure and reduce pain,” says Nancy R. Gee, executive director of the center. Their faces change just for a moment. They’re not thinking about their health situation or their pain. Just for that moment, they’re just kids with a dog. Instead of Dogs On Call, Bon Secours St. Mary’s Hospital of Richmond provides Happy Wheels, a program in which a cart full of treats and other items rolling through the halls of the hospital. The volunteer-run program visits four times a week. They go from room to room to hand out toys, coffee, snacks, and other comfort items. All of the items found in the cart are donated to the program and handed out to families in all children’s care units. “It’s an opportunity for the children to be children and to get excited about a new toy coming in their rooms, ”says Laura Gepford, child life specialist at St. Mary’s Hospital. “Besides the fevers, the medicine and all the difficult things that occur in the hospital, they have the shining of happy moments. That’s what people hold onto. ” 141．What do we know about the program Dogs On Call? A．Dogs might frighten the child patients. B．Dog visits must follow a fixed schedule. C．It gives mental treatment to the child patients. D．It is financially supported by the government. 142．What does Nancy R Gee mean in paragraph 4? A．Children care for dogs by nature. B．Children’s moods are changeable. C．Children are too young to take their illness seriously. D．Children’s spirits are lifted by the dogs’ companion. 143．What is Laura Gepford’s attitude to the Happy Wheels program? A．Concerned. B．Appreciative. C．Dissatisfied. D．Doubtful. 144．How do the two programs in the text help? A．By bringing patients comfort and cheer. B．By changing people’s attitude to illness. C．By telling people the importance of play. D．By guiding parents to better comfort kids. Passage 37 （2023高一下·云南玉溪·期末） What do a student in China, an office worker in the UK and an astronaut in space all have in common? They all eat instant noodles. And they’re not alone—over 100 billion servings of instant noodles are consumed globally each year, making them one of the world’s most successful industrial foods. But how did this happen? Put simply, they’re cheap to produce and cheap to buy, which was exactly what their creator intended. Momofuku Ando, a Japanese entrepreneur, spent a year perfecting the recipe just after the Second World War. He wanted to make something similar to traditional Japanese ramen noodles (拉面), while using the wheat flour given to Japan as food aid by the US government. His creation was instantly popular, playing a part in Japan’s post-war economic rise. Even in the year 2000—according to a research by the Fuji Research Institute—instant noodles were voted Japan’s most successful invention, ahead of high-speed trains, laptops and karaoke. But Japanese people are not alone in their devotion to instant noodles. According to the World’s Instant Noodles Association, China, Indonesia, Vietnam and India—in that order—all consumed more instant noodles than Japan in 2021. Instant noodles’ popularity abroad is in part due to how easy they are to adapt to local tastes. In Thailand, for example, you can get green curry flavour, while in Mexico the noodles are decorated with lime (酸橙)and salsa (辣番 茄酱) . And it seems that consumers have grown to expect innovation. Instant noodles have their critics, too. Their rise in popularity has come at an environmental cost—they’re made with palm oil (棕榈油), contributing to deforestation, and their packaging is plastic. And while they are a hot, tasty and filling meal, instant noodles don’t have much nutritional value, and include high levels of salt and fat. Nevertheless, instant noodles are undoubtedly lifesavers in emergency or extreme situations. More than 60 years after their invention, instant noodles have become the standard food for anyone short on money, time, or even a kitchen. 145．Which country invented instant noodles? A．China. B．Japan. C．Mexico. D．Thailand. 146．What is a feature of instant noodles? A．It has no negative side. B．It is hardly ever improved. C．It fits in with local tastes worldwide. D．It has much nutritional ingredients in it. 147．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The sales of instant noodles. B．The invention of instant noodles. C．The downside of instant noodles. D．The popularity of instant noodles around the world. 148．In which case would people probably consume instant noodles? A．When they cook at home. B．When they are in emergency or extreme situations. C．When they have enough time for cooking. D．When they want to spend more money on food. Passage 38 （2$ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自然 Passage 1 （2025高一下·云南玉溪·期末） With the improvement of China’s environment, more wild boars (野猪) across the country have caused more human-wildlife conflicts (冲突). Last year, a wild boar attacked and killed an elderly person in Shaanxi province. Also, a worker checking the damage of a train hit by a wild boar was killed by another train. Sun Quanhui, a scientist with the World Animal Protection Association, said that although wild boars rarely attack unless they feel threatened, adult males are strong and can be dangerous. According to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, a total of 2 million wild boars live in 28 provincial-level regions in China and accidents or attacks involving boars have been reported in 26 of them. Xie Yi, a professor at Beijing Forestry University, said that due to their strong ability to adapt to the environment, wild boars’ population grows faster than their natural enemies. This has led to an expansion (扩大) in their areas of activity. Also, wild boars often come down from the hills to search for food in spring and autumn, which is why people have been seeing them more often lately. “They are not picky eaters and will eat anything that can be eaten,” said Sun, also stressing that without natural enemies, the only way to control their population and bring it to a reasonable level is by hunting. In June last year, wild boars were taken off of the protected wildlife list, allowing them to be hunted without a license. Several regions like Shaanxi and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region have hired hunters to control their populations. However, Sun noted that hunting is only a short-term solution. Long-term control requires bringing back enemies of boars and making habitats bigger to reduce problems between humans and wildlife. In February, a plan was put forward by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration to prevent and control damage caused by wildlife. It plans to set up legal measures and improve the compensation (赔偿) and assistance system by next year. 1．What is the result of wild boars’ increased population? A．Damage to other animals habitats. B．Decrease of the human’s farmland. C．Conflicts between humans and animals. D．Threats to species living near the train station. 2．Why are the data mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To support the reports of government. B．To indicate the wild boars are dangerous. C．To compare the difference between areas. D．To explain the necessity of protecting wildlife. 3．What can be learned about wild boars? A．They are particular about their food. B．They are capable of adapting to environment. C．They will attack human only when being attacked. D．They come down the hills to hunt food all year round. 4．What does Sun mean in the last paragraph? A．Government should set up proper laws to hunt wild boars. B．To lead wild boars to different regions might be a solution. C．It is a good idea to allow hunting wild boars for a long time. D．A long-term solution is to reintroducing wild boars’ natural enemies. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国野猪数量增加的原因、影响以及应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子“With the improvement of China’s environment, more wild boars across the country have caused more human-wildlife conflicts.(随着中国环境的改善，全国各地越来越多的野猪引起了更多的人类与野生动物的冲突。)”可知，野猪数量的增加导致了更多的人类与野生动物之间的冲突。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段的句子“According to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, a total of 2 million wild boars live in 28 provincial-level regions in China and accidents or attacks involving boars have been reported in 26 of them.(据国家林业和草原局称，中国28个省级地区共有200万头野猪，其中26个省级地区报告了野猪袭击事件。)”可知，这些数据是为了说明野猪在多个省份的分布情况以及它们造成的事故和攻击事件，即表明野猪的危险性，故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子“Xie Yi, a professor at Beijing Forestry University, said that due to their strong ability to adapt to the environment, wild boars’ population grows faster than their natural enemies.(北京林业大学教授谢毅表示，由于野猪适应环境的能力很强，它们的数量增长速度要快于它们的天敌。)”可知，野猪有适应环境的能力。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的句子“However, Sun noted that hunting is only a short-term solution. Long-term control requires bringing back enemies of boars and making habitats bigger to reduce problems between humans and wildlife.(然而，孙指出，狩猎只是一个短期的解决方案。长期控制需要把野猪的敌人带回来，扩大栖息地，以减少人类和野生动物之间的问题。)”可知，Sun认为猎杀野猪只是短期解决方案，长期控制需要恢复野猪的天敌并扩大栖息地。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2025高一下·云南保山·期末） We all know space seems empty, right? Around a spaceship, there’s no air to breathe and nothing solid to touch. Yet many astronauts report something strange: when they return from spacewalks, they notice a special smell on their suits. Astronauts describe the smell as metally-tasting, sweet, like smoke from welding. Don Petti wrote that it reminded him of his college summers when he labored for many hours with an arc welding torch (电弧焊接枪) repairing heavy equipment. He said, “That is the smell of space.” Other astronauts have described it in similar yet various ways: “burning metal,” “an obvious smell of O₃, a sharp-smelling smell,” “walnuts and brake parts,” “gunpowder” and even “burnt nut cookie.” All descriptions share one thing in common: a burnt smell. It turns out that space does smell, and our solar system has a very particular smell. This is likely the result of several factors. What might explain why space smells burnt? There are two possible explanations. One explanation is oxidation (氧化). Another explanation involves stars blowing up. The oxidation process occurs in the airlock (气闸舱) as astronauts return from space to the International Space Station or spacecraft. During pressure-restoring process, oxygen atoms in space attach to the astronaut’s suit and float in during the pressure-restoring process time when the airlock is open. These atoms combine to form atmospheric oxygen. This process is similar to burning without the flame and smoke—and smells similar too. Stars blowing up, or dying stars, are another possible explanation. When stars die, they create a mixture called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are throughout the solar system, including here on Earth. They can be found in some foods, coal and oil, among other materials. They also occur when coal, tobacco (烟草), wood, meat and other materials are burned. Perhaps part of the reason why space has a clear burnt wood smell is that it contains PAHs, which produce this smell. 5．What do astronauts agree on the smell of space? A．Metally-tasting smell. B．Welding smoke. C．Gunpowder scent. D．Burnt smell. 6．According to the text, where does the oxidation process happens? A．In open space. B．Within the airlock. C．On Earth’s surface. D．Inside the spacecraft. 7．What can be learned about PAHs? A．Most PAHs on Earth come from space. B．PAHs need human actions to form on Earth. C．PAHs can exist in materials that are not burned. D．PAHs are mainly produced by exploding stars. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Chemical Reactions in Airlocks B．The Mystery of Space’s Scent C．Astronauts’ Experiences in the Space D．Chemistry of Stars Blowing Up 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空有特殊气味及其可能的成因。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“All descriptions share one thing in common: a burnt smell. (所有描述都有一个共同点：烧焦的气味)”可知，宇航员们对太空气味的共识是有烧焦的味道。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The oxidation process occurs in the airlock (气闸舱) as astronauts return from space to the International Space Station or spacecraft. (当宇航员从太空返回国际空间站或宇宙飞船时，氧化过程发生在气闸舱中)”可知，氧化过程发生在气闸舱内。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“PAHs are throughout the solar system, including here on Earth. They can be found in some foods, coal and oil, among other materials. They also occur when coal, tobacco (烟草), wood, meat and other materials are burned. (多环芳烃（PAHs）遍布太阳系，包括地球。它们可以在一些食物、煤炭和石油等材料中找到，也会在煤炭、烟草、木材、肉类和其他材料燃烧时产生)”可知，多环芳烃（PAHs）可以存在于未燃烧的材料中。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段中“Yet many astronauts report something strange: when they return from spacewalks, they notice a special smell on their suits. Astronauts describe the smell as metally-tasting, sweet, like smoke from welding. Don Petti wrote that it reminded him of his college summers when he labored for many hours with an arc welding torch (电弧焊接枪) repairing heavy equipment. He said, “That is the smell of space.” Other astronauts have described it in similar yet various ways: “burning metal,” “an obvious smell of O₃, an sharp- smelling smell,” “walnuts and brake parts,” “gunpowder” and even “burnt nut cookie.” All descriptions share one thing in common: a burnt smell.(然而，许多宇航员报告了一件奇怪的事：当他们从太空行走返回时，会注意到自己的宇航服上有一种特殊的气味。宇航员们将这种气味描述为金属味、甜味，类似焊接时产生的烟雾。Don Petti写道，这让他想起大学暑假时，他长时间使用电弧焊接枪修理重型设备的经历。他说：“那就是太空的味道。” 其他宇航员也用类似但多样的方式描述过它：“燃烧的金属”“明显的臭氧味，一种刺鼻的气味”“核桃和刹车部件的味道”“火药味”，甚至 “烤坚果曲奇味”。所有描述都有一个共同点：烧焦的气味)”和第二段中“ There are two possible explanations. One explanation is oxidation (氧化). Another explanation involves stars blowing up.(有两种可能的解释。一种解释是氧化。另一种解释与恒星爆炸有关)”可知，文章主要介绍了宇航员们发现太空有特殊的气味，并探讨了这种气味可能的成因，因此“The Mystery of Space’s Scent (太空气味的奥秘)” 适合作为本文的标题。故选B。 Passage 3 （2024高一下·云南楚雄·期末） Elephants’ important role in maintaining biodiversity (生物多样性) and healthy ecosystems has earned them various names including ecosystem engineers and forest gardeners. However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. African forest elephants help lessen climate change by increasing carbon storage (存储) in their forest habitats, meaning they help remove heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. They do this by influencing the forest structure, including by increasing the diversity and abundance (丰盛) of plant species. It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net (净的) carbon capture (捕获) capacity (容量) of the forest by almost 250 acres. This is equal to removing from the atmosphere a year’s worth of emissions (排放量) from 2,047 cars. “As strange as it seems, all that eating and destruction help the forest pull more carbon out of the air,” says Alison Pearce Stevens in the book Animal Climate Heroes!. Elephants eat more than 400 pounds of food a day, so they spend a lot of time searching for food. As they walk through the forest, they do a lot of damage to the surrounding smaller trees, leading to the survival of trees that have the ability to absorb and store more CO2. In addition, their thirst for fruits also helps to promote forest growth. This is because elephants disperse fruit seeds. In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor. But African forest elephants are seriously endangered and continue to face threats. These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. The number of forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, and their habitats are thought to have reduced by 75%. Protecting forest elephants and the forests they depend on means we are safeguarding their ecological contributions that we all rely on. 9．How do African forest elephants help relieve climate change? A．They reduce the diversity of wildlife species. B．They help to maintain the plants of the forest. C．They take in heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. D．They promote the net carbon capture ability of the forest. 10．What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Damage. B．Preserve. C．Spread. D．Gather. 11．What are the threats facing African forest elephants? A．Illegal hunting and habitat loss. B．The disturbed balance of the forest ecosystem. C．Natural disasters resulting from climate change. D．Competition for water sources with other animals. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Preserving Forests: Elephants’ Contribution B．New Role of African Forest Elephants: Climate Heroes C．Ivory Trade Threatens African Forest Elephants D．Forest Elephants Are Approaching the Edge of Extinction 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章描述了非洲森林象如何通过增加森林的碳储存能力来减少大气中的二氧化碳，并强调了保护这些濒危物种的重要性。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“African forest elephants help lessen climate change by increasing carbon storage (存储) in their forest habitats, meaning they help remove heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. (非洲森林象通过在其森林栖息地中增加碳储存来减轻气候变化，这意味着它们有助于从大气中移除导致温室效应的二氧化碳)”和“It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net (净的) carbon capture (捕获) capacity (容量) of the forest by almost 250 acres. (据估计，一头森林大象可以将森林的净碳捕获能力增加近250英亩。)”可知，非洲森林象通过促进森林的净碳捕获能力来缓解气候变化，故选D项。 10．词句猜测题。根据第四段“This is because elephants disperse fruit seeds. In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor. (这是因为大象disperse水果种子。换句话说，种子通过大象的身体，直到它们落回到森林地面)”可知，大象可以帮忙传播种子，所以“disperse”在这里的意思是“传播”或“散布”，故选C项。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段“These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. (这些威胁主要来自非法国际贸易中的象牙狩猎，但也来自栖息地丧失和食物来源减少)”可知，非洲森林象面临的威胁包括非法狩猎和栖息地丧失，故选A项。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. (生活在中非雨林中的非洲森林象这一物种，越来越多地被赋予了一个新的名字：“气候英雄”)”可知，文章主要介绍了非洲森林象在缓解气候变化中的重要作用，并强调了保护这些濒危物种的重要性，B项“非洲森林象的新角色：气候英雄”适合作文章标题。故选B项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 4 （2025高一下·云南楚雄·期末） Philadelphia, often referred to as Philly, is a major city located along the Delaware River in Pennsylvania, a state in the northeastern United States. Founded in the 1680s by an Englishman William Penn, who also planned its layout (布局), the city was named Philadelphia — a word Penn understood to mean “city of brotherly love” in Greek. Philadelphia served as the nation’s capital from 1785 to 1790. Earlier, it was the capital of the American colonies (殖民地) during most of the Revolutionary War against Britain. Philadelphia became the central meeting place for the “Founding Fathers” who created the United States government. The buildings where they worked can be seen today in an area called the Old City, or Independence National Historical Park. The main building is Independence Hall. That was where colonial leaders declared independence and later debated the creation of a government. Near the park stands National Liberty (自由) Museum, housing over ninety paintings and sculptures, which represent the idea that liberty is a freedom that is easily broken. Several blocks away lies National Constitution (美国宪法) Center, a privately operated nonprofit museum that opened its doors in Philadelphia on July 4, 2003. The museum was created to increase public recognition of the Constitution, its history and its importance today. Visitors here are presented with the idea that the most important part of American constitutional democracy (立宪民主) is the individual citizen. Philadelphia also offers plenty for visitors who are less concerned about history and more concerned about their stomachs. There are many food choices for foodies, including a typical sandwich — the Philly cheesesteak, usually made of thin pieces of meat covered with cheese, offered with onions and other toppings and served on a long roll. And where can the best Philly cheesestaak be found? That question is the subject of much debate—one way to settle it: try them all and decide for yourself! 13．What did William Penn do with Philadelphia? A．He designed it in person. B．He named it with his language. C．He ruined it and rebuilt it. D．He brought in Greek traditions. 14．What does paragraph 2 focus on about Philadelphia? A．Its historical unrest. B．Its main attractions. C．Its architecture style. D．Its historical place. 15．Why was National Constitution Center founded? A．To increase profits for a private museum. B．To honor the makers of the Constitution. C．To educate visitors about the Constitution. D．To collect opinions from ordinary citizens. 16．What does the author want to do through the debate in the last paragraph? A．Doubt the local food. B．Make an invitation to visitors. C．Introduce a food recipe. D．Remind visitors to watch out for danger. 【答案】13．A 14．D 15．C 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了费城的历史地位、主要景点以及美食特色。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Founded in the 1680s by an Englishman William Penn, who also planned its layout (布局), the city was named Philadelphia—a word Penn understood to mean ‘city of brotherly love’ in Greek. (这座城市由英国人威廉·佩恩于17世纪80年代创建，他还规划了城市的布局，并将其命名为费城 —— 佩恩认为这个词在希腊语中是‘博爱的城市’的意思)”可知，威廉·佩恩亲自设计了费城的布局。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Philadelphia served as the nation’s capital from 1785 to 1790. Earlier, it was the capital of the American colonies (殖民地) during most of the Revolutionary War against Britain. Philadelphia became the central meeting place for the ‘Founding Fathers’ who created the United States government. (费城在1785年至1790年期间曾是美国首都。早些时候，在反对英国的大多数独立战争期间，它是美国殖民地的首都。费城成为创建美国政府的‘开国元勋’的中央集会地)”以及下文对费城历史地位的进一步阐述可知，第二段主要介绍了费城的历史地位。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The museum was created to increase public recognition of the Constitution, its history and its importance today. (该博物馆的创建是为了提高公众对宪法、宪法历史及其当今重要性的认识)”可知，国家宪法中心的成立是为了教育参观者了解宪法。故选C。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And where can the best Philly cheesestaak be found? That question is the subject of much debate—one way to settle it: try them all and decide for yourself! (哪里能找到最好的费城奶酪牛排三明治呢？这个问题一直是人们争论的焦点——解决这个问题的一个方法是：把所有的都尝一遍，然后自己决定！)”可知，作者通过最后一段的辩论想邀请游客来费城品尝美食。故选B。 Passage 5 （2024高一下·云南玉溪·期末） Labor Day is celebrated on May 1st every year. This year we Chinese have a holiday break from May 1st to May 5th. Some people are curious about when and why we started to celebrate Labor Day. In the 19th century, overworked and exhausted laborers were fed up and demanded better treatment. In Canada, laborers marched to their Prime Minister’s doorstep and asked for their right to form unions. The march was victorious. They celebrated better working conditions with an annual parade. Peter J. McGuire, an American labor leader, was invited and thought to bring that spirit to America and what a success it was. In New York City, protesters gathered to fight against poor labor conditions. The movement quickly spread across America. Workers gathered for picnics, concerts and speeches, supporting for 8-hour work days and a labor holiday. Oregon was the first state to officially acknowledge the holiday. But it wasn’t until 12,000 government forces were sent to stop a strike, and two railway workers were tragically killed that pressure increased gradually from the American workforce and Labor Day was put on the federal calendar. More than 80 countries worldwide celebrate Labor Day or International Workers’ Day on May 1st. But the first Monday of September makes sense to Americans, because it falls between Independence Day and Thanksgiving Day. This gives working families a much-needed break. Fast-forward about a hundred years and the Labor Day holiday has become a kind of farewell to summer. People seem to forget the hard-won victory of Labor Day. In the USA, kids go back to school, football season starts as usual and fashion lovers hang up that little white dress. But let’s remember that Labor Day is a celebration of the labor movement, dedicated to the social and economic achievements of workers all over the world. It’s evolved into an appreciation of life and a well-deserved break from work. 17．Why did Canadian laborers march? A．To welcome Peter J. McGuire. B．To apply for an annual parade. C．To ask for their right to form unions. D．To celebrate better working conditions. 18．What do we know about the history of American Labor Day? A．Oregon was the first state to recognize Labor Day. B．New York workers went to the concerts to have fun. C．American workers won the right to have Labor Day easily. D．American government forces supported the laborers’ strike. 19．How do Americans celebrate Labor Day nowadays? A．Students march in the school. B．American families have a break. C．Football players gather to have a match. D．Fashion lovers wear their white dresses. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards celebrating Labor Day? A．Open-minded. B．Indifferent. C．Passive. D．Grateful. 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了劳动节的起源和发展，以及现在人们如何庆祝劳动节。 【详解】17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In Canada, laborers marched to their Prime Minister’s doorstep and asked for their right to form unions.”（在加拿大，劳动者们走到了总理的门前，要求他们有权组成工会。）可知，加拿大的劳动者们游行是为了要求他们有权组成工会。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Oregon was the first state to officially acknowledge the holiday.”（俄勒冈州是第一个正式承认这个假日的州。）可知，俄勒冈州是第一个承认劳动节的州。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But the first Monday of September makes sense to Americans, because it falls between Independence Day and Thanksgiving Day. This gives working families a much-needed break.”（但是9月的第一个星期一对美国人来说是有意义的，因为它位于独立日和感恩节之间。这给工薪家庭一个急需的休息时间）可知，现在的美国人庆祝劳动节的方式是家庭休息。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But let’s remember that Labor Day is a celebration of the labor movement, dedicated to the social and economic achievements of workers all over the world. It’s evolved into an appreciation of life and a well-deserved break from work.”（但让我们记住，劳动节是一个庆祝劳工运动的节日，致力于全世界工人的社会和经济成就。它已经演变成一种对生活的欣赏和工作之余应得的休息。）可知，作者对庆祝劳动节的态度是感激的。故选D。 主题03 人与自我 Passage 6 （2025高一下·云南曲靖·期末） Human experts spend years roasting and tasting coffee from many places to learn about the beans. They may then combine a coffee bean from Africa with another one from South America to come up with a new mixture. However, a coffee roasting company in Helsinki, Finland is hoping that artificial intelligence (AI) can help ease the workload. The company recently launched its “AI-conic” mixture at the Helsinki Coffee Festival, using data collected from the Internet. The mixture contains four kinds of beans, including a famous one from Brazil. It is the result of a combined project by a local AI business. Svante Hampf is the founder of the company. He and his partners wanted to do an experiment to see what mixture the computer would produce. “We basically gave descriptions of all our coffee types and their tastes to AI and instructed it to create a different exciting mixture,” Hampf said. The “AI-conic” mixture combined beans from Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, and Guatemala. It is described as “a well-balanced mixture of sweetness and ripe fruit”. Hampf thought the combination was somewhat peculiar (奇怪的). He was surprised that the AI program chose to make the mixture out of four different kinds of beans. Most humans choose only two or three beans. However, after the first blind test of the new mixture, coffee experts including him agreed that the AI-assisted mixture was perfect. There was no need to change. The International Coffee Organization says that the 5.6 million people in Finland drink the most coffee per person in the world. And the roasters at the company say the AI project will surely bring more things to the strong coffee culture in the country. It is a first step, and AI has plenty to offer them in the long run. Finns are particularly impressed by the coffee taste descriptions it created. 21．Why did Hampf do the experiment with AI? A．To identify coffee beans. B．To describe coffee types. C．To replace human coffee experts. D．To produce a new combination of coffee. 22．What was Hampf’s attitude to the coffee created by AI? A．Calm. B．Satisfied. C．Opposed. D．Indifferent. 23．What does the AI coffee mean to Finnish coffee culture? A．A piece of cake. B．A drinking tradition. C．The icing on the cake. D．The end of drinking strong coffee. 24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．AI Determines the Tastes of Coffee B．AI Can Help Ease Finnish Workload C．AI Manages to Mix Coffee in Finland D．AI Plays a Main Role in Finnish Coffee 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了芬兰的一家咖啡烘焙公司利用人工智能创造了一种新的咖啡混合物，并介绍了这种咖啡的特点、人们对它的评价以及人工智能对芬兰咖啡文化的意义。 21．细节理解题。根据第三段中Hampf 所说的“We basically gave descriptions of all our coffee types and their tastes to AI and instructed it to create a different exciting mixture (我们基本上把我们所有咖啡类型及其口味的描述都给了人工智能，并指示它创造出一种不同的、令人兴奋的混合物)”可知，Hampf做这个实验是为了让AI创造出一种新的咖啡混合物。故选D项。 22．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, after the first blind test of the new mixture, coffee experts including him agreed that the AI-assisted mixture was perfect. There was no need to change. (然而，在对这种新混合物进行第一次盲测后，包括他在内的咖啡专家都认为这种人工智能辅助的混合物是完美的。没有必要改变)”可知，Hampf对AI创造的咖啡是满意的。故选B项。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And the roasters at the company say the AI project will surely bring more things to the strong coffee culture in the country. It is a first step, and AI has plenty to offer them in the long run. Finns are particularly impressed by the coffee taste descriptions it created. (该公司的烘焙师表示，人工智能项目肯定会为该国浓厚的咖啡文化带来更多东西。这是第一步，从长远来看，人工智能可以为他们提供很多东西。芬兰人对它创造的咖啡口味描述印象特别深刻)”可知，人工智能咖啡对芬兰咖啡文化来说是锦上添花。故选C项。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“The company recently launched its “AI-conic” mixture at the Helsinki Coffee Festival, using data collected from the Internet. (该公司最近在赫尔辛基咖啡节上推出了其“AI-conic”混合物，使用了从互联网上收集的数据)”可知，文章主要介绍了芬兰的一家咖啡烘焙公司利用人工智能创造了一种新的咖啡混合物，C项“AI Manages to Mix Coffee in Finland (人工智能在芬兰成功混合咖啡)”概括了文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C项。 Passage 7 （2024高一下·云南普洱·期末） These days, children spend less time in the fresh air. Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV — they seem to be living in a virtual world. They have lost touch with nature. But now 400 organizations in the UK, from playgroups to the National Health Service, are encouraging children to have some “wild time”. They want kids to replace at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside. Activities such as building caves, climbing trees and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do. Even if they live in a city, they can go on adventures in the garden or the park. Children often need a helping hand from their mum and dad. They need to be shown what to do and where to go. Andy Simpson from National Health Service says, “We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids’ development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go.” So despite the complicated (复杂的) world that young people grow up in now, it seems that going back to basics and experiencing “nature’s playground” is what modern children need. David Bond from Project Wild Thing says, “We need to make more space for wild time in children’s daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted (想当然).” This might sound a bit old-fashioned to you or maybe, like me, it makes you think about sticking on your boots, getting outdoors and reliving your childhood. There’s no age limit on enjoying yourself! 25．What makes children lose touch with nature? A．Playing hide and seek. B．Building caves frequently. C．Being addicted to a screen. D．Going on adventures in parks. 26．Who should be advised to see the effect of wild time according to Andy Simpson? A．Teachers. B．Experts. C．Children. D．Parents. 27．What might David probably agree? A．Children need more time to get close to nature. B．Children always take it for granted to play outside. C．What modern children need is spiritual satisfaction. D．Parents should make larger room for kids to study. 28．What can be inferred from this passage? A．Everyone lives in a high-pressure world. B．People at any age can enjoy wild time. C．Adults desire to go back to childhood. D．Watching TV is a good way to learn about nature. 【答案】25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国有400多个组织呼吁孩子们花费一些时间在户外玩耍，孩子们需要家长的引导和支持，需要更多的时间与大自然接触，以促进他们的发展、独立性和创造力。作者呼吁人们回归到往日的童年时光，去探索大自然的乐趣。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These days, children spend less time in the fresh air. Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV — they seem to be living in a virtual world. They have lost touch with nature.(如今，孩子们在新鲜空气中呆的时间越来越少。他们中的许多人沉迷于电脑或电视上的屏幕——他们似乎生活在一个虚拟世界中。他们与大自然失去了联系。)”可知，孩子们之所以接触自然的时间越来越少，是因为很多孩子沉迷于电脑或者电视屏幕。故选C项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Andy Simpson from National Health Service says, ‘We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids’ development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go.’(国家卫生服务局的Andy Simpson说：‘我们希望家长们看看这种神奇的产品对孩子的发展、独立性和创造力有什么作用，让他们尽情享受。’)”可知，Andy Simpson呼吁父母能够看到神奇的户外活动对孩子的发展、独立性和创造力能带来的好处。故选D项。 27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“David Bond from Project Wild Thing says,‘We need to make more space for wild time in children’s daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted (想当然).’(来自Project Wild Thing的David Bond说：‘我们需要在孩子们的日常生活中为狂野的时间腾出更多的空间，让这一代孩子有我们许多人认为理所当然的经历’)”可知，David Bond认为孩子们需要更多的时间去亲近大自然。故选A项。 28．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This might sound a bit old-fashioned to you or maybe, like me, it makes you think about sticking on your boots, getting outdoors and reliving your childhood. There’s no age limit on enjoying yourself!(这对你来说可能听起来有点过时，或者像我一样，这让你想到穿上靴子，到户外去，重温童年。享受生活没有年龄限制！)”可知，到户外去，重温童年，享受生活没有年龄限制，即任何年龄的人都可以享受狂野的时光。故选B项。 Passage 8 （2025高一下·云南红河·期末） In 1996, someone ate a McDonald’s McChicken burger in Amsterdam. We don’t know the details, but something important happened. A nesting coot, a kind of bird, found the abandoned (丢弃的) wrapper and used it to line its nest (巢). That wrapper stayed there, leaving a mark on the local environment. Biologist Auke-Florian Hiemstra studies how people affect bird nests in Amsterdam’s canals (运河). He said birds are also “recording” our throw-away society. When he looked at nests in the canals, he found all kinds of old packaging from the early 1990s to last year. The Eurasian coot started coming to Amsterdam in the late 1980s. The packaging in the nests, like the 1996 McChicken wrapper, can show how long the species has been in the area. Hiemstra can tell the year of the packaging by looking at “best before” dates or logo designs. Nests have things like Mars bar packaging from the 1994 World Cup and, more recently, face masks from the COVID-19 pandemic. Birds usually make nests from branches and plants. But in cities, there aren’t many natural things. So, birds use a lot of plastic. Hiemstra thinks if we make cities greener, birds might go back to making natural nests. Hiemstra is upset about our “throw-away society”. Most plastic we make is still on Earth because it takes 20 to 500 years to decompose, and only 9% is recycled. We know single-use plastic is bad, but this research shows it’s already caused a lot of damage. 29．What does the discovery of the McChicken wrapper in the coot’s nest imply? A．The coot is an intelligent bird species. B．Amsterdam has a serious litter problem. C．It reflects the throwaway nature of human society. D．Birds have a preference for human-made materials. 30．How does Auke-Florian Hiemstra determine the age of the nests? A．By analyzing the size and structure of the nests. B．By observing the behavior of the birds that build the nests. C．By identifying the origin year of the packaging in the nests. D．By studying the types of natural materials used in the nests. 31．What does the underlined word “decompose” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Break down. B．Build up. C．Hand out. D．Kick off. 32．What is Hiemstra’s attitude towards the current “throw-away society”? A．Unconcerned. B．Unsatisfied. C．Supportive. D．Patient. 【答案】29．C 30．C 31．A 32．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍生物学家奥克 - 弗洛里安・希姆斯特拉研究发现阿姆斯特丹运河中鸟类巢穴里有各种人类丢弃的包装，这反映了人类社会的一次性消费特点，同时提到塑料降解时间长，对环境造成诸多破坏，希姆斯特拉对这种 “一次性社会” 现状不满。。 【详解】29．推理判断题。根据第二段“He said birds are also “recording” our throw-away society. When he looked at nests in the canals, he found all kinds of old packaging from the early 1990s to last year.(他说，鸟类也在“记录”我们的一次性社会。当他查看运河里的鸟巢时，发现了从20世纪90年代初到去年的各种旧包装。)” 可知，发现麦香鸡包装纸暗示了人类社会的一次性本质。故选C项。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段“Hiemstra can tell the year of the packaging by looking at “best before” dates or logo designs. Nests have things like Mars bar packaging from the 1994 World Cup and, more recently, face masks from the COVID-19 pandemic.(希姆斯特拉可以通过查看 “最佳食用日期” 或标志设计来判断包装的年份。鸟巢里有诸如 1994 年世界杯期间的玛氏巧克力棒包装，以及更近一些的、新冠疫情期间的口罩之类的东西。)”可知，他通过确定巢中包装的年份来判断鸟巢的年代。故选C项。 31．词义猜测题。根据第五段“Most plastic we make is still on Earth because it takes 20 to 500 years to decompose, and only 9% is recycled.(我们制造的大多数塑料仍然存在于地球上，因为它们需要20到500年才能decompose，而且只有9%被回收利用。)”可猜测，这里指塑料垃圾太多需要很长时间才能分解，所以猜测decompose意为“分解”。故选A项。 32．推理判断题。根据第五段“Hiemstra is upset about our “throw-away society”. (希姆斯特拉对我们的 “一次性社会” 感到不安。)”和“We know single-use plastic is bad, but this research shows it’s already caused a lot of damage.(我们知道一次性塑料是不好的，但这项研究表明它已经造成了很大的损害。)”可知，他对当前的“一次性社会”不满意。故选B项。 主题01 人与自然 Passage 9 （2025高一下·云南红河·期末） Heat waves are becoming more common and serious underwater due to the climate change. Warmer water temperatures can bleach (使白化) corals that clownfish call home, forcing them to adapt to heat stress to stay alive. Scientists monitored and measured 134 colorful clownfish in Kimbe Bay during an intense heat wave in 2023 that’s still bleaching corals worldwide. They found that 101 clownfish decreased in length on one or more occasions from heat stress. “We were really shocked at first when we saw that they were shrinking (缩小),” said Morgan Bennet-Smith from Boston University. The findings were published on Wednesday in the journal Science Advances. Though scientists don’t yet know how clownfish shrink, one idea is that they could take in their own bone matter. Possibly the smaller body may help the clownfish save energy during a stressful heatwave since smaller fish need less food. Certain clownfish breeding (繁殖) pairs also shrink to increase their survival. “The females adjusted their size to stay bigger than their partners, keeping the female-dominated,” the researchers said. Other animals also decrease in size to beat the heat. For example, marine iguanas get smaller when warm water was into the Galapagos. But this coping strategy hadn’t yet been found in coral reef fish until now. “The strategy helps clownfish weather heat waves in the short-term, but it’s not yet clear how the fish will react if they have to keep it up in the years to come,” Thorrold said. Researchers found the shrinking was never long-lasting. “Clownfish had the ability to catch up and grow back when their environment got less stressful, showing how living things are staying flexible to keep up with a warming world. These natural systems are really under stress, but there’s an ability for unbelievable recovery,” said Melissa Versteeg from Newcastle University. 33．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．Give an example. B．Introduce a topic. C．Present a problem. D．Draw a conclusion. 34．Why do clownfish shrink according to the study? A．To grow new bones. B．To swim faster. C．To find food more easily. D．To adapt to heat stress. 35．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The benefits of breeding. B．The process of breeding. C．The benefits of shrinking. D．The process of shrinking. 36．What can be inferred about clownfish from Melissa Versteeg’s words? A．Their shrinking is forever. B．Their number is decreasing. C．They like catching up with each other. D．They are able to adapt to the environment. 【答案】33．B 34．D 35．C 36．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述因气候变化热浪加剧，科学家发现小丑鱼会缩小以适应热应激，且在环境改善后能恢复，展现生物适应性。 33．推理判断题。 根据第一段“Heat waves are becoming more common and serious underwater due to the climate change. Warmer water temperatures can bleach (使白化) corals that clownfish call home, forcing them to adapt to heat stress to stay alive. (由于气候变化，水下热浪变得越来越常见和严重。温暖的水温会使小丑鱼称之为家的珊瑚白化，迫使它们适应热应激以存活。)”可知，该段通过阐述气候变化对海洋的影响，引出“小丑鱼因热应激而缩小”的研究主题，起到引入话题的作用。故选B项。 34．细节理解题。 根据第一段“Warmer water temperatures can bleach (使白化) corals that clownfish call home, forcing them to adapt to heat stress to stay alive. (水温升高会漂白小丑鱼称之为家的珊瑚，迫使它们适应热应激以生存。)”以及第三段“Possibly the smaller body may help the clownfish save energy during a stressful heatwave since smaller fish need less food. (可能更小的身体有助于小丑鱼在压力大的热浪中节省能量，因为更小的鱼需要更少的食物。)”可知，小丑鱼缩小的目的是适应热应激环境。故选D项。 35．主旨大意题。 根据第三段“Possibly the smaller body may help the clownfish save energy during a stressful heatwave since smaller fish need less food. Certain clownfish breeding (繁殖) pairs also shrink to increase their survival. ‘The females adjusted their size to stay bigger than their partners, keeping the female-dominated,’ the researchers said. (可能较小的身体可以帮助小丑鱼在压力大的热浪中节省能量，因为较小的鱼需要更少的食物。某些小丑鱼繁殖对也会缩小以增加存活率。研究人员说：‘雌性调整了体型，使其比伴侣更大，从而保持了雌性的主导地位。’)”可知，该段围绕小丑鱼缩小在节省能量、提高繁殖存活率等方面的益处展开。故选C项。 36．推理判断题。 根据最后一段Melissa Versteeg的话“Clownfish had the ability to catch up and grow back when their environment got less stressful, showing how living things are staying flexible to keep up with a warming world. These natural systems are really under stress, but there’s an ability for unbelievable recovery, (当环境压力减小时，小丑鱼有能力恢复生长，这表明生物如何保持灵活性以适应变暖的世界。这些自然系统确实处于压力之下，但它们具有令人难以置信的恢复能力，)”可推断，小丑鱼能够通过调整自身适应环境变化。故选D项。 Passage 10 （2025高一下·云南楚雄·期末） Britain was once covered with rainforests, known as Celtic rainforests or Atlantic woodland. The temperate (温带的) rainforests only occur in places close to the sea with high rainfall, high humidity (湿度) and low variations in temperature and full of plants and animals. The Celtic rainforests used to spread out all across the wetter areas of the country’s west. But over the centuries the ancient woodlands were later cleared and changed into grasslands for sheep and cattle. By the start of the 20th century, Britain had become the least-wooded country in Europe, with only small parts remaining in western coastal rainforest areas. There’s a new rainforest coming back to Britain right now. A movement is underway across Britain to recover these forgotten ecosystems. And in Devon, the first step towards achieving that has just been completed. With the help of over 100 local volunteers, more than 2,500 native trees have been planted at Devon Wildlife Trust’s Bowden Pillars site, not far from the town of Totnes. It’s hoped that another 4,500 oak, rowan, alder, hazel, birch, willow and holly trees will be planted by the end of this winter and over the coming decades, and that they’ll grow to form a thriving (欣欣向荣的) temperate rainforest. The recovery programme, led by The Wildlife Trusts, is happening across other parts of the country, including Cornwall and Pembrokeshire and has been boosted by a significant £38 million of funding from an insurance company. Claire Inglis, a nature reserve officer at Devon Wildlife Trust, said, “The full grown temperate rainforest will take several decades to become established, but the advantages for nature will be much swifter. The mix of young trees planted among grasslands and hedges (树篱), along with our promise not to use chemicals, will be better for local butterflies and bees, along with local birds such as yellowhammers and barn owls. It will be fascinating to see how it develops.” 37．What was mainly responsible for Britain’s lost Celtic rainforest in the past? A．Low temperature. B．Animal farming. C．Plant variation. D．High humidity. 38．What can we say about the movement across Britain? A．It’s worrying. B．It’s promising. C．It’s unrealistic. D．It’s uncontrollable. 39．What does the underlined word “swifter” in the last paragraph mean? A．Further. B．More unlikely. C．Quicker. D．More costly. 40．Which can be the best title for the text? A．A Story of Destruction About Britain’s Lost Rainforests B．The Challenges of Reviving Celtic Rainforests in Britain C．A Nationwide Effort to Revive Lost Rainforests in Britain D．The Truth of the Disappearance of Britain’s Celtic Rainforests 【答案】37．B 38．B 39．C 40．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了英国曾经覆盖着被称为凯尔特雨林或大西洋林地的热带雨林，后来因放牧被砍伐，如今英国正开展一项全国性的运动来恢复这些被遗忘的生态系统，并介绍了该运动的进展、资金支持及带来的好处等。 【详解】37．细节理解题。根据第一段“But over the centuries the ancient woodlands were later cleared and changed into grasslands for sheep and cattle. (但几个世纪以来，这些古老的林地后来被清理并变成了放牧牛羊的草地)”可知，英国凯尔特雨林消失的主要原因是畜牧业的发展。故选B项。 38．推理判断题。根据第二段“A movement is underway across Britain to recover these forgotten ecosystems. (一场恢复这些被遗忘的生态系统的运动正在英国各地展开)”以及后文提到的植树计划和资金支持，可以看出这一运动充满希望。故选B项。 39．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“The full grown temperate rainforest will take several decades to become established, but the advantages for nature will be much swifter. (成熟的温带雨林需要几十年的时间才能形成，但是对自然的好处会更swifter)”，由but可知，前后形成转折，前面说需要的时间长，后面应表示好处来得快，所以“swifter”意为“更快的”。故选C项。 40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Celtic rainforests used to spread out all across the wetter areas of the country’s west. But over the centuries the ancient woodlands were later cleared and changed into grasslands for sheep and cattle. (凯尔特雨林曾一度遍布英国西部较为湿润的地区。但在过去的几个世纪里，这些古老的林地逐渐被砍伐清理，转而变成了用于放牧牛羊的牧场)”以及结合全文内容可知，文章开篇提到英国凯尔特雨林的消失，随后重点介绍了当前全国范围内恢复雨林的努力，包括植树计划、资金支持以及预期的生态效益，因此，最佳标题应涵盖“恢复雨林”这一核心内容。故选C项。 Passage 11 （2025高一下·云南曲靖·期末） What happens to that single-use plastic bottle after you place it in a recycling bin? Most people suppose it will be really recycled. Much more likely is that the bin is only the departure point on a long journey to the other side of the world, where that bottle will, at best, be washed, dried, sorted by material, turned into bits, and then recreated into something thinner, such as packaging. Consider that a victory. If it is packaging itself that has been chucked, it will probably end up as a dirty form of fuel, powering the production of cement (水泥). Or it may go all the way just to sit in the world, damaging the landscape, blocking rivers, entering the ocean, being swallowed by marine life and perhaps finding its way, via the global fish trade, back into your home and even into your body. It is recycling, but not as people traditionally think of it. The broad facts of the fiction of recycling are no secret. But Alexander Clapp, a journalist, does something interesting, though not entirely attractive, in his book. He follows rubbish, travelling to some places to record the effects of consumption: villages in Indonesia buried under mountains of plastic, a ship-breaking yard in Türkiye where men tear apart the poisonous ships with hand tools, and a poor village in Ghana where people take valuable metals from the rich world’s waste computers and mobile phones. The book also contains jaw-dropping but forgotten stories, such as that of the Khian Sea, a ship carrying a season’s worth of ash from waste incinerators (焚化炉) in Philadelphia, which set sail for the Bahamas in 1986. The ship and its poisonous load were refused entry, forcing the crew to look for other dumping sites. After 27 months of being turned away from every port, it arrived in Asia with an empty hold. Years later, the captain admitted to dumping the ash in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. 41．How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A．By listing data. B．By drawing comparisons. C．By introducing plastic materials. D．By questioning a common assumption. 42．What does the underlined word “chucked” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Thrown. B．Ranked. C．Stored. D．Watched. 43．What does Alexander Clapp mainly show in his book? A．A record of sorting out waste. B．Jobs provided by waste recycling. C．Effective waste-recycling strategies. D．Poor methods of dealing with waste. 44．Which word best describes the captain of the ship? A．Sensitive. B．Irresponsible. C．Patient. D．Brave. 【答案】41．D 42．A 43．D 44．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是回收利用的真相与困境，通过追踪塑料垃圾和有毒废弃物的全球流动，揭示了“回收”背后的环境不公与污染现实。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段首句“What happens to that single-use plastic bottle after you place it in a recycling bin?(当你把一次性塑料瓶放进回收箱后，它会发生什么？)”以及下文“Most people suppose it will be really recycled. Much more likely is that the bin is only the departure point on a long journey to the other side of the world, where that bottle will, at best, be washed, dried, sorted by material, turned into bits, and then recreated into something thinner, such as packaging.(大多数人认为它真的会被回收利用。更有可能的是，垃圾箱只是通往世界另一端的漫长旅程的起点，在那里，瓶子最多只能被清洗、干燥、按材料分类、变成碎片，然后重新制成更薄的东西，如包装。)”可知，作者通过质疑“塑料瓶会被有效回收”这一常见假设引入主题。文中以提问打破公众固有认知，属于“通过质疑常见假设”引出话题。故选D项。 42．词句猜测题。由第二段“If it is packaging itself that has been chucked, it will probably end up as a dirty form of fuel(如果被chucked的是包装本身，它可能最终成为一种肮脏的燃料)”可知，chucked与“被丢弃”的动作相关。结合上下文“将包装放入回收箱”“最终变为燃料”的逻辑，该词意为“丢弃、投掷”，与Thrown同义。故选A项。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段“He follows rubbish, travelling to some places to record the effects of consumption: villages in Indonesia buried under mountains of plastic, a ship-breaking yard in Türkiye where men tear apart the poisonous ships with hand tools, and a poor village in Ghana where people take valuable metals from the rich world’s waste computers and mobile phones.(他追踪垃圾，前往一些地方记录消费的影响：印度尼西亚埋在塑料山下的村庄，图尔基耶的一个拆船场，人们用手工工具拆解有毒的船只，加纳的一个贫穷村庄，人们从富裕国家的废电脑和手机中提取贵重金属。)”可知，Alexander Clapp在书中展现的是落后的垃圾处理方式，如塑料填埋、手工拆解有毒电子废物等，这些均属于糟糕的垃圾处理方法。故选D项。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Years later, the captain admitted to dumping the ash in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.(几年后，船长承认将火山灰倾倒在大西洋和印度洋。)”可知，船长在无法合法处理有毒废物的情况下，将其非法排入海洋，这种行为严重危害生态环境，体现了不负责任的态度。故选B项。 Passage 12 （2025高一下·云南昭通·期末） The story of our home galaxy (星系) may tend to be changed. That’s because a bar-shaped collection of stars (棒状恒星群) at the center of the Milky Way appears to be much younger than expected. The bar is a prominent feature of our galaxy. It covers thousands of light years and connects the galaxy’s arms of stars, making them look like spinning (旋转) water. In computer models of the Milky Way’s development, the bar tends to form early in the galaxy’s around 13-billion-year lifetime. But the ages and locations of metal-rich stars suggest the bar finished forming just a few billion years ago, researchers report. “These metal-rich stars are basically like records of ancient stars that are telling the story of our home galaxy,” says Samir Nepal, working at the Leibruz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam in Germany. Stars with large numbers of metals are built from the remains (残骸) of stars that have since exploded. Those metals enrich the materials at the center of galaxies like the Milky Way, which is why a new generation of metal-rich stars can form only deep inside galaxies. Using data from the European Space Agency, Nepal and his coworkers recreated the development of the Milky Way bar through its influence on the metal-rich stars. They inferred the bar’s history, just as you might know where the batters (击球手) stand in a baseball game by looking at the flight of the balls they hit, even if you can’t see home plate (本垒板). In the study, the researchers found out a burst (迸发) of star formation in the central part of the galaxy that became quiet about 3 billion years ago. The down turn seems to mark the end of the Milky Way bar’s development, the researchers report. After that burst, the inflow of new material into the bar probably dropped off significantly. That may explain why the bar developed so late. 45．What does the underlined word “prominent” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Useless. B．Small. C．Noticeable. D．Hidden. 46．What can we know about metal-rich stars from Nepal’s words? A．They are formed in recent years. B．They are primarily located in the outer arms of the Milky Way. C．They contain fewer metals than ancient stars. D．They serve as historical records showing the galaxy’s past. 47．Why does the author mention a baseball game? A．To show the popularity of baseball in the Milky Way. B．To explain how scientists track the age of the bar. C．To compare the effects of the metal-rich stars. D．To compare the speed of star formation to the speed of a baseball. 48．Which of the following would be the best title for this article? A．Baseball in the Milky Way: An Unexpected Connection B．The European Space Agency’s Contribution to Galaxy Research C．A Bar of Stars: A Surprisingly Young Structure D．The Formation of Spinning Water in Galaxies 【答案】45．C 46．D 47．B 48．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，银河系中心的棒状恒星群可能比预期年轻，这一发现可能改写银河系历史。该研究表明，这个结构可能在几十亿年前才形成，而非早期。 45．词句猜测题。根据第一段“That’s because a bar-shaped collection of stars (棒状恒星群) at the center of the Milky Way appears to be much younger than expected.(这是因为银河系中心的一个棒状恒星群似乎比预期的要年轻得多)”以及第二段“The bar is a prominent feature of our galaxy. It covers thousands of light years and connects the galaxy’s arms of stars, making them look like spinning (旋转) water. (这个棒状恒星群是我们星系的一个prominent特征。它覆盖了数千光年，连接着星系的恒星臂，使它们看起来像旋转的水)”可知，这个棒状恒星群非常巨大，塑造了银河系的形态，是银河系的一个显著特征，prominent在此处意为“显著的，引人注目的”，与noticeable意思相近。故选C项。 46．细节理解题。根据第三段““These metal-rich stars are basically like records of ancient stars that are telling the story of our home galaxy,” says Samir Nepal, working at the Leibruz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam in Germany. (“这些富含金属的恒星基本上就像古代恒星的记录，讲述着我们银河系的故事，”在德国波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所工作的萨米尔·尼泊尔说)”可知，富含金属的恒星是一种古老的记录，展现了银河系的历史。故选D项。 47．推理判断题。根据第五段“Using data from the European Space Agency, Nepal and his coworkers recreated the development of the Milky Way bar through its influence on the metal-rich stars. They inferred the bar’s history, just as you might know where the batters stand in a baseball game by looking at the flight of the balls they hit, even if you can’t see home plate. (尼泊尔和他的同事利用欧洲航天局的数据，通过棒状恒星群对富含金属的恒星的影响，重现了银河系棒状恒星群的发展。他们推断出了棒状恒星群的历史，就像你可以通过看击球手击出的球的飞行轨迹来知道他们在棒球比赛中的位置，即使你看不到本垒板)”可知，作者通过在棒球比赛中我们如何判断击球手的位置，来解释科学家是如何追踪棒状恒星群年龄的。故选B项。 48．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The story of our home galaxy (星系) may tend to be changed. That’s because a bar-shaped collection of stars (棒状恒星群) at the center of the Milky Way appears to be much younger than expected.(我们银河系的故事可能会发生改变。这是因为银河系中心的一个棒状恒星群似乎比预期的要年轻得多)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，银河系中心的棒状恒星群可能比预期年轻，并解释了这一恒星群的重要意义、该研究的研究方法和具体结果。因此，C项“棒状恒星看起来出奇的年轻”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 13 （2025高一下·云南丽江·期末） The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, in which tens of thousands of people died and hundreds of thousands injured, was the event that changed everything for China in this field. The 8.0-magnitude quake had presented the most difficult relief (救助) challenges to the country since 1949, leading to a complete review and improvement of the country’s emergency response (应对) capabilities. Since then, preventing and controlling disasters has become a top concern for the Chinese government. For earthquakes, getting an early warning is extremely important. The Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Center found that a three-second early warning can lower the number of the injured by 14%; a ten-second warning, by 39%; a 20-second warning, by 63%. So in the following years China has developed an automatic (自动的) early warning system which can send out warnings to millions of people in China within just two minutes after an earthquake. In 2018, the Chinese government also created the Ministry of Emergency Management, together with civil services, the Red Cross, and the National Fire and Rescue Administration to ensure a round-the-clock emergency response. There are now 27 specialized teams for mountain, water, and air rescues, as well as earthquake relief, and seven teams for helping with international rescue efforts. Whether it is earthquake, typhoon, flood or forest fire, China has an excellent record in post-disaster recovery, as it is able to organize resources from various departments including power, water conservancy and supply, telecommunications and disease control. To reduce the effects of follow-up disasters, these departments would do their parts to repair damaged roads and railways, restore power, water supply, communication and other services to help people get back to normal life. Disaster relief requires the whole society to work together. And China sets an example of how to prevent loss and save lives by putting the people first. 49．How does this text show the importance of early warning systems? A．By using quotes. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By making contrast. 50．Why has the government set up the specialized teams? A．To carry out disaster relief internationally. B．To help the rescue and recovery work. C．To train local people in disaster prevention. D．To handle forest fires more effectively. 51．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The effects of follow-up disasters have been reduced. B．A lot of natural disasters have happened in the world. C．Disaster relief needs efforts across various departments. D．Different departments are responsible for building roads and railways. 52．What’s the main idea of this text? A．China has improved disaster response and recovery. B．China has developed an early warning system for earthquakes. C．China organized various departments for post-disaster recovery. D．China has created specialized departments to respond to earthquakes. 【答案】49．C 50．B 51．C 52．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国在灾害应对和恢复方面的改进，包括建立早期预警系统以及专门的救援队伍，以提升应急响应能力。 49．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Center found that a three-second early warning can lower the number of the injured by 14%; a ten-second warning, by 39%; a 20-second warning, by 63%.(成都高科技减灾中心发现，三秒钟的预警可以将受伤人数减少14%；10秒警告，39%；20秒的警告，63%)”可知，本文通过列出数据来展示预警系统的重要性。故选C项。 50．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 2018, the Chinese government also created the Ministry of Emergency Management, together with civil services, the Red Cross, and the National Fire and Rescue Administration to ensure a round-the-clock emergency response.(2018年，中国政府还创建了应急管理部，联合民政部门、红十字会及国家消防救援局，确保全天候的应急响应)”以及第四段“Whether it is earthquake, typhoon, flood or forest fire, China has an excellent record in post-disaster recovery, as it is able to organize resources from various departments including power, water conservancy and supply, telecommunications and disease control.(无论是地震、台风、洪水还是森林火灾，中国在灾后恢复方面都有着出色的记录，因为它能够组织电力、水利和供应、电信和疾病控制等各部门的资源)”可知，政府建立专业队伍是为了协助救援和恢复工作。故选B项。 51．细节理解题。根据第四段“To reduce the effects of follow-up disasters, these departments would do their parts to repair damaged roads and railways, restore power, water supply, communication and other services to help people get back to normal life.(为了减少后续灾害的影响，这些部门将尽其所能修复受损的公路和铁路，恢复电力、供水、通信和其他服务，帮助人们恢复正常生活)”可知，灾后救助需要多个部门的共同努力。故选C项。 52．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, in which tens of thousands of people died and hundreds of thousands injured, was the event that changed everything for China in this field. The 8.0-magnitude quake had presented the most difficult relief (救助) challenges to the country since 1949, leading to a complete review and improvement of the country’s emergency response (应对) capabilities. Since then, preventing and controlling disasters has become a top concern for the Chinese government.(2008年汶川地震造成数万人死亡，数十万人受伤，这一事件改变了中国在这一领域的一切。8.0级地震给该国带来了自1949年以来最困难的救援挑战，导致对该国应急响应能力的全面审查和改进。从那时起，预防和控制灾害就成为中国政府最关心的问题)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国在灾害应对和恢复方面的改进，包括建立早期预警系统以及专门的救援队伍，以提升应急响应能力。故选A项。 Passage 14 （2024高一下·云南保山·期末） In the hottest months of each year, many powerful storms are born in the Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about half a dozen cause the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that are named hurricanes, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and most seriously, bring death to large numbers of people. The great storms that hit the coast start as harmless circling disturbances (大气搅动) hundreds, even thousands, of miles out at sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, wet air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In this course, the wetness in this warm air produces rains, and with it the heat is changed into energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl (旋转) in a counter-clockwise (逆时针) motion. The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The hidden energy of the heat given off by a hurricane’s rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the US for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6-to-12-inch downpour resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea, the mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves towards shore. 53．What is the most serious loss that hurricanes lead to? A．Strong winds. B．People’s death. C．Heavy rainstorms. D．A large amount of money. 54．In which season does a hurricane usually occur? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 55．The underlined word “downpour” probably refers to__________. A．heavy rainfall B．downward waves C．the pour of seawater D．the movement of circling disturbances 56．What is the passage mainly talking about? A．The motion of counter-clockwise swirling. B．The process of changing strong winds into storms. C．The main cause of a hurricane and its severe destruction. D．The hidden energy shown through destructive hurricanes. 【答案】53．B 54．B 55．A 56．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飓风的形成原理和它造成的严重破坏。 【详解】53．细节理解题。根据第一段“There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and most seriously, bring death to large numbers of people.(在那里，它们造成数百万美元的损失，最严重的是，造成大量人死亡)”可知，飓风最严重的是会导致大量人员的死亡。故选B。 54．细节理解题。根据第二段“As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds.(当它们漫无目的地在被夏日阳光温暖的海面上航行时，信风将它们向西吹去)”可知飓风通常发生在夏天。故选B。 55．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane.(在飓风中，造成死亡和破坏的主要来源是水，而不是风)”以及划线词所在句“A typical (典型) hurricane brings 6-to-12-inch downpour resulting in sudden floods.”可知，一场典型的飓风会带来 6到12 英寸的downpour，导致突发的洪水。导致洪水的应该是暴雨。故划线词意思是“暴雨”。故选A。 56．主旨大意题。根据全文结构可知: 第一段引出飓风的话题以及飓风造成的危害; 第二段讲解了飓风的初级形态形成过程; 第三段讲解了飓风的终极形态及其巨大的破坏力。故这篇文章主要讲的是飓风的主要原因及其严重破坏。故选C。 Passage 15 （2024高一下·云南曲靖·期末） For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be essential. Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress, a small flowering plant, in lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform,” explained Professor Rob Ferl. “It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers?” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in lunar soil, add water, nutrients, and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped. For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that simulate Martian soils. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. Growing plants in lunar soils may also change the moon itself, according to Dr. Stephen Elardo. “The moon is a very, very dry place,” he said. How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies. 57．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．The significance of the findings. B．The plants grown in the lunar soil. C．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. D．The challenges about future space exploration. 58．What did researchers find about the plants grown in lunar soil? A．They absorbed few nutrients. B．They didn’t grow well enough. C．They grew slowly in the dark. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 59．What will the follow-up studies be about? A．What the researchers can do in the follow-up study. B．Why the lunar soil is so dry and lacking in nutrients. C．Whether plants have a potential impact on lunar soil. D．How the plants react to the added water and nutrients. 60．What is the best title for the text? A．Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar Soil B．Scientists Conduct a Study on Lunar Soil C．Scientists Prepare for Farming on the Moon D．Scientists Hope to Collect More Lunar Soil 【答案】57．A 58．B 59．C 60．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一项研究——科学家在月球土壤中成功种植了植物，这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了可能，并为人类在月球上建立居住地带来了希望。后续研究将探索植物对月球土壤的影响，以及月球土壤对植物生长的反应。 57．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.( 这一发现为未来的太空任务在月球上种植植物带来了希望，甚至使人类能够在月球上建立定居点。)”可知，第二段主要讨论了科学家们的研究成果对于未来在月球上种植作物以及建立月球居住地的意义即本段关注的是这些发现的重要性。故选A。 58．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.(然而，他们确实观察到在月球土壤中生长的植物和在对照土壤中生长的植物之间的差异。在月球土壤中生长的一些植物较小，而另一些植物生长较慢或大小变化较大。)”可知，在月球土壤中生长的植物并没有长得足够好。故选B。 59．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies.(月球土壤中的矿物质对在其中种植植物会有什么反应，加上增加的水和营养？研究人员希望在后续研究中回答这些问题。)”可知，后续的研究将关注植物是否对月球土壤有潜在的影响。故选C。 60．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress, a small flowering plant, in lunar soil.( 现在，科学家们向在月球表面种植植物迈出了“一小步”，他们证明了在月球土壤中种植小型开花植物芥蓝是可能的。)”以及通读全文，文章介绍的是一项研究——科学家在月球土壤中成功种植了植物，这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了可能，并为人类在月球上建立居住地带来了希望。A选项“Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar Soil(科学家在月球土壤中种植植物)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选A。 Passage 16 （2024高一下·云南昆明·期末） Elephants are among the few wild animals to build strong social al connections of companionship, friendship and family. They are able to recognize not only their own mothers, calves (幼崽), brothers and sisters but also their grandmothers, aunts, cousins and nieces. They know elephants they’ve interacted within the past, and have been observed to build particular friendships with unrelated elephants. These features partly result from the way that elephants live. “Herds” are very small units a group of three or four closely related female elephants plus their calves, who live and travel together for all their lives. Sometimes, though, these herds join up with other herds, living, feeding playing and travelling together. These groups almost always go back into their basic family units in the end, but if they come across each other again they will express recognition and love. Like all mammals (哺乳动物), elephant communicate a great deal through body language. Love is often expressed by crossing or “hugging” their long noses, usually between close relatives and friends who have travelled in the same herd for a long time. And much physical communication takes place with the ends of elephants’ noses — they use these to comfort and reassure each other, to greet friends, and to recognize the efforts of a hard-working mother or the birth of new calves. When a member of the herd is close to death, the whole herd will stop moving and stay resting in one small area for a time. Once the elderly or sick elephant passes away, they will stay on for a few more days — gathering around the dead body, and seeming to make aloud high sad sound for their companion that has passed away. 61．What is special about elephants according to paragraph 1? A．They can identify various species. B．They live independently in most cases. C．They tend to establish social networks. D．They seldom interact with unrelated ones. 62．What do elephants do after joining up with other herds? A．Feed the other herds. B．End up in their original herds. C．Give birth to new calves. D．Live together for all their lives. 63．What does the underlined word “reassure” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Make fun of. B．Take control of. C．Give confidence to. D．Turn a blind eye to. 64．What’s a herd’s reaction to the death of a member? A．Letting out a faint sound. B．Moving forward in small groups. C．Crossing or hugging their long noses. D．Gathering around in memory of the companion. 【答案】61．C 62．B 63．C 64．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大象是少数能够建立牢固的同伴、友谊和家庭社会联系的野生动物之一。 61．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Elephants are among the few wild animals to build strong social al connections of companionship, friendship and family.(大象是少数能够建立牢固的同伴、友谊和家庭社会联系的野生动物之一。)”可知，大象的特别之处在于它们倾向于建立社交网络。故选C。 62．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ “Herds” are very small units a group of three or four closely related female elephants plus their calves, who live and travel together for all their lives. Sometimes, though, these herds join up with other herds, living, feeding playing and travelling together. These groups almost always go back into their basic family units in the end, but if they come across each other again they will express recognition and love.(“象群”是一个由三四头关系密切的母象和它们的幼象组成的小群体，它们一生都生活在一起，一起旅行。不过，有时这些象群会与其他象群合并，一起生活、觅食、玩耍和旅行。这些群体最终几乎总是会回到它们的基本家庭单位，但如果它们再次相遇，它们会表达认可和爱。)”可知，大象加入其他象群后会最后会回到原来的象群。故选B。 63．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Love is often expressed by crossing or “hugging” their long noses, usually between close relatives and friends who have travelled in the same herd for a long time. And much physical communication takes place with the ends of elephants’ noses—they use these to comfort and(大象通常通过交叉或“拥抱”长鼻子来表达爱意，通常是近亲和长期在同一群中旅行的朋友之间。大象的许多身体交流都是通过鼻子的末端进行的——它们用鼻子来安慰和)”可知，大象用鼻子来表达爱意，由此可推知，划线单词与前面单词comfort色彩一样，即用鼻子来互相安慰，鼓励，以此来表达爱意，划线单词意为“鼓励”，故选C。 64．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When a member of the herd is close to death, the whole herd will stop moving and stay resting in one small area for a time. Once the elderly or sick elephant passes away, they will stay on for a few more days—gathering around the dead body, and seeming to make aloud high sad sound for their companion that has passed away.(当象群中的一头大象濒临死亡时，整个象群就会停止移动，在一小块区域内休息一段时间。当年老或患病的大象去世时，它们会再停留几天——聚集在尸体周围，似乎在为死去的同伴发出高亢悲伤的声音。)”可知，当有成员死亡后，大象会聚集在一起以纪念同伴。故选D。 Passage 17 （2024高一下·云南曲靖·期末） It seems there’s nowhere left to run from the microplastic (微塑料的) pollution. A small pilot study recently took microplastics from one of Europe’s most distant places, the French Pyrenees mountains, and found as many microplastics in the soil as you might expect from a big city like Paris. The reason? The wind. Researchers now fear that our planet’s winds can pick up microplastics from about anywhere and transport them around the world, sometimes in large quantities. “We’d kind of expected it in a city getting blown around,” said Steve Allen from the University of Strathclyde in the UK, one member of the team. “But way up there? We expected to find some,” he said. “We didn’t expect to find so many.” Microplastics are pieces smaller than a fifth of an inch that have broken down from larger pieces of plastic. The forces of nature don’t distinguish (区分) between materials like stones and rocks, and plastics. Wind and waves hit plastics and break them down just the same, making them into dust that can then get swept up by the gentle wind and into the atmosphere. It’s a continuing environmental concern, as more and more microplastics find their way into our food and air. The fact that microplastics can be found in large numbers even in distant places is a sign that is has become a global pollution problem. Steve Allen and his team set up collectors 4,500 feet up in the mountains for five months to trap plastic particles (粒子) as they fell to the Earth. The team found that an average of 365 plastic particles fell on their square meter collector daily. This included bits from plastic bags, plastic film and packaging material, among other plastic sources. Many of these materials were small enough to be breathed in without even realizing it. They’re in the air, and they’re everywhere. 65．What did Steve Allen think of the finding? A．Interesting. B．Boring. C．Surprising. D．Disappointing. 66．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．How the microplastics come into being. B．How the wind spreads the microplastics. C．How the microplastic pollution appears. D．How the wind makes the pollution serious. 67．What do we know about the plastic particles? A．It is difficult to collect them. B．They all come from big cities. C．They are part of the air we breathe. D．It is impossible to know their source. 68．What is the text mainly about? A．Plastics have been found in the distant areas. B．Plastics are proved to do great harm to the soil. C．The microplastic pollution is worse in big cities. D．Wind is carrying microplastics around the world. 【答案】65．C 66．B 67．C 68．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出微塑料污染已成为全球性问题，即使在偏远地区如法国比利牛斯山脉也能发现大量微塑料。研究表明，风力可以将微塑料传播到世界各地，越来越多的微塑料进入我们的食物和空气。 【详解】65．推理判断题。根据第二段中““We’d kind of expected it in a city getting blown around,” said Steve Allen from the University of Strathclyde in the UK, one member of the team. “But way up there? We expected to find some,” he said. “We didn’t expect to find so many.” (研究小组成员之一、英国斯特拉斯克莱德大学的Steve Allen说：“我们本以为它（微塑料）会在一个被风吹来吹去的城市里出现。但那里呢？我们希望能找到一些。我们没料到会发现这么多。”)”可知，Steve Allen没想到在遥远的法国比利牛斯山脉会发现这么多的微塑料。由此可知，他认为他们的发现是令人惊讶的。故选C项。 66．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The forces of nature don’t distinguish (区分) between materials like stones and rocks, and plastics. Wind and waves hit plastics and break them down just the same, making them into dust that can then get swept up by the gentle wind and into the atmosphere. (大自然的力量无法区分石头、岩石和塑料等材料。风和海浪撞击塑料并将它们分解，使它们变成灰尘，然后被微风吹到大气中)”可知，在本段我们可以了解到风是如何传播微塑料的。故选B项。 67．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Many of these materials were small enough to be breathed in without even realizing it. They’re in the air, and they’re everywhere. (这些物质中有许多小到可以被人吸入而不自知。它们在空气中，无处不在)”可知，微塑料已经成为我们呼吸的空气中的一部分。故选C项。 68．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A small pilot study recently took microplastics from one of Europe’s most distant places, the French Pyrenees mountains, and found as many microplastics in the soil as you might expect from a big city like Paris. (最近，一项小型试点研究从欧洲最遥远的地方之一——法国比利牛斯山脉——采集了微塑料，在土壤中发现的微塑料数量与巴黎这样的大城市一样多)”和最后一段中“The fact that microplastics can be found in large numbers even in distant places is a sign that is has become a global pollution problem. (即使在遥远的地方也能发现大量的微塑料，这一事实表明它已成为一个全球性的污染问题)”可知，文章围绕一项有关微塑料的研究展开，研究人员在偏远地区如法国比利牛斯山脉也发现了数量惊人的微塑料。故选A项。 Passage 18 （2024高一下·云南丽江·期末） Dry lightning(雷电)can still be harmful even when conditions aren’t so dry, said a study published in Geophysical Research Letters last month. Dry lightning during little to no rainfall was previously thought to cause wildfire danger only with less than 2.5mm of rain in a day. A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found dry lightning caused wildfires despite up to 7.7 mm of rain. “The rainfall amounts we recorded should help provide a better understanding of just how much rain can cause a fire risk,” said Dmitri Kalashnikov, lead author of the study. The researchers analyzed(分析)cases on more than 4,600 naturally caused fires from 2015 to 2020. They matched 3,726 of those to the lightning strikes that likely started them with the help of National Lightning Detection Network. The study found that 15.3% of those were holdover fires which burn without smoke, bringing about over a hundred fires each year. Analyzing the rainfall amounts around the time of the lightning strikes showed greater rainfall than previously thought among the earlier found fires ranging from 1.7 mm to 4.6 mm. While humans still cause most fires either by accident or on purpose, lightning-caused wildfires burn the most areas. Nearly 70% of the wildfire-burned land in the West was from lightning-caused fires according to the study. For example, the largest wildfire burn area in California history took place in August 2020 after dry lightning caused many wildfires at once. Dry lightning can also start wildfires in places that are hard for firefighters to reach. This study found the places where holdover fires happened repeatedly were in the forested mountains of the Southwest as well as the middle and southern Rocky Mountains. Holdover fires cause the problem because they are so hard to notice. 69．The new study found dry lightning can still cause wildfires with a daily rainfall of __________. A．7.7 mm B．8.0mm C．9.4mm D．10.2mm 70．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The finding of the research. B．The number of the cases. C．The process of the study. D．The designers of the test. 71．Why did holdover fires happen repeatedly in the forested mountains? A．They are difficult to notice. B．The fire service is short-handed. C．Campers often smoke there. D．The locals fail to call firefighters. 72．From which is the text probably taken? A．A history textbook. B．A science magazine. C．A course plan. D．A book review. 【答案】69．A 70．C 71．A 72．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了干闪电的危害。 69．细节理解题。根据第一段“A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found dry lightning caused wildfires despite up to 7.7 mm of rain. (华盛顿州立大学领导的一项关于美国西部野火的研究发现，尽管降雨量高达7.7毫米，但干闪电还是会引发野火。)”可知，华盛顿州立大学的研究表明，日降雨量达到7.7毫米的情况下干闪电仍会引发野火。故选A。 70．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The researchers analyzed(分析)cases on more than 4,600 naturally caused fires from 2015 to 2020. They matched 3,726 of those to the lightning strikes that likely started them with the help of National Lightning Detection Network. (研究人员分析了2015年至2020年间4600多起自然引发火灾的案例。他们在国家闪电探测网络的帮助下，他们将其中的3726个与雷击相匹配)”可知，本段主要介绍此次研究的过程。故选C。 71．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dry lightning can also start wildfires in places that are hard for firefighters to reach. This study found the places where holdover fires happened repeatedly were in the forested mountains of the Southwest as well as the middle and southern Rocky Mountains. Holdover fires cause the problem because they are so hard to notice.(干闪电也会在消防员难以到达的地方引发野火。这项研究发现，滞留火灾反复发生的地方位于西南部的森林山区以及落基山脉中部和南部。滞留火灾造成了这个问题，因为它们很难被注意到)”可知，滞留火灾不易被人察觉，因此反复在树木丛生的山区爆发。故选A。 72．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found dry lightning caused wildfires despite up to 7.7 mm of rain. (华盛顿州立大学领导的一项对美国西部野火的研究发现，尽管降雨量高达7.7毫米，但干闪电还是引发了野火。)”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍一项最新研究的发现——日降雨量达到7.7毫米的情况下干闪电仍会引发野火，这是和科学相关的话题，由此推知，本文可能出自一本科学杂志。故选B。 Passage 19 （2023高一下·云南保山·期末） Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes. However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but precisely predicting would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust. Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms. As it turns out, quake prediction is extremely difficult. Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2500 years ago: he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. Nowadays, seismic and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem. Currently, Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface. “Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau said. “Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.” 73．What do we know about earthquake forecasting? A．Scientists have been passionate about accurately predicting earthquakes. B．As long as enough data is collected, earthquakes can be predicted. C．Mathematical models of motion can simulate and predict earthquakes. D．Scientists have not yet fully studied the structure of earthquakes. 74．How did Pherecydes successfully predict earthquakes? A．By seismic and remote-sensing methods. B．By observing unusual natural phenomena. C．By living in seismic zones throughout the year. D．By looking into data on the early warning signs. 75．What was Bruneau’s opinion about the current methods of earthquake prediction? A．He strongly believed the Terra Seismic can solve the difficult problem. B．He was sure that humans could accurately predict earthquakes in the future. C．He considered it harmless to humans for an earthquake deeper than 40km. D．He thought that scientists had no reliable method to predict earthquakes. 76．Which question does this article focus on? A．Why do humans predict earthquakes? B．How to protect oneself during an earthquake? C．What methods can be used to forecast earthquakes? D．When to achieve accurate earthquake forecasting? 【答案】73．A 74．B 75．D 76．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地震预报是古老的技能，解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等。 73．推理判断题。根据第一段“Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. (地震预报是人类已知的最古老的技能之一。从古希腊到今天，无数科学家试图开发预测地震的工具。)”可知，从古希腊到今天，科学家们一直热衷于准确预测地震。故选A项。 74．推理判断题。根据第三段“The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2500 years ago: he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. (大约2500年前，西罗斯的费雷西德斯成为第一个知名的预测家。他在从井中舀水时注意到通常非常清澈的水突然变得浑浊。果然，两天后发生了一次地震，使费雷西德斯成名。)”可推知，Pherecydes是通过观察到井水变浑浊的自然异象预测的地震。故选B项。 75．推理判断题。根据第四段末“‘Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,’ Bruneau said. ‘Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.’ (Bruneau说：‘科学家们已经尝试了各种可能的方法来预测地震。’布鲁诺说。‘没有人能够破解它并做出可信的预测。’)”可推知，Bruneau认为科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D项。 76．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes. (地震预报是人类已知的最古老的技能之一。从古希腊到现在，无数的科学家试图开发预测地震的工具。他们的尝试通常集中在寻找可靠的地震前兆证据上.)”可知，文章说明了地震预报是古老的技能，解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等，故本文的主旨是地震预报方法。故选C项。 Passage 20 （2023高一下·云南楚雄·期末） Objects in the night sky are disappearing from view because of light pollution, according to a new study. Outdoor lighting from street lamps, office buildings and vehicle headlights leads to sky less bright, which is when the night sky gets brighter. The brighter it is at night, the harder it is to see stars and planets from Earth. Christopher Kyba, an astronomer with the GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, led his team studying over 50, 000 star observations between 2011 and 2022. “If the brightening of the night sky continues at the current rate,” Kyba said, “a child born in a place where 250 stars are visible will only be able to see 100 stars by the time he or she turned 18.” The issue is global but particularly common in North America, where 80% of people cannot see the Milky Way galaxy (银河系). This huge group of billions of stars should look like a wide strip of light in the dark night sky. However, only very remote places, such as the Sahara Desert and the Amazon Rain Forest, have a truly dark night sky. Light pollution makes it harder for astronomers to study stars and planets. It also causes problems for animals. Animals active at night like bats become confused and crash into objects. Turtles that hatch (孵化)at night need moonlight to find the sea, but artificial lights can confuse them and make them head inland instead. Birds in cities often wake up and start singing earlier than they should. Human lights also cause themselves to produce less of a chemical called melatonin(褪黑激素). This can lead to sleep problems, headaches, tiredness, and mood issues. To help, scientists want to raise awareness of light pollution. They suggest that people use outdoor lighting that causes less light pollution, such as motion-sensitive lights that switch on only when they’re needed. 77．How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A．By giving examples. B．By offering evidence. C．By making comparison. D．By bringing up the issue. 78．What can be inferred from Kyba’s words? A．Light pollution is becoming serious. B．Adults are easier to see stars than kids. C．Stars are becoming fewer year by year. D．Kids are losing interest in watching stars. 79．What effect may light pollution cause? A．Turtles are forced to hatch at sea. B．Humans produce more melatonin. C．Bats can get lost during the flight. D．Birds in cities wake up much later. 80．What is the best title for the text? A．A New Origin of Light Pollution B．Light Is Making Stars Unobserved C．Ways to Deal with Light Pollution D．Light Causes Human Sleep Issues 【答案】77．D 78．A 79．C 80．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了灯光让人们看不见天上的星星。 77．推理判断题。根据第一段“Objects in the night sky are disappearing from view because of light pollution, according to a new study. Outdoor lighting from street lamps, office buildings and vehicle headlights leads to sky less bright, which is when the night sky gets brighter. The brighter it is at night, the harder it is to see stars and planets from Earth.(根据一项新的研究，由于光污染，夜空中的物体正在从视野中消失。街灯、办公楼和汽车前灯的室外照明会使天空变得不那么明亮，这时夜晚的天空变得更加明亮。夜晚的光线越亮，就越难从地球上看到星星和行星。)”可推知，作者通过提出问题——光污染来引出文章主题——灯光让人们看不见星星。故选D。 78．推理判断题。根据第二段中Kyba所说的话““If the brightening of the night sky continues at the current rate,” Kyba said, “a child born in a place where 250 stars are visible will only be able to see 100 stars by the time he or she turned 18.”(“如果夜空继续以目前的速度变亮，”Kyba 说，“一个出生在能看到250颗星星的地方的孩子，到18岁时只能看到100颗星星。”)”可推知，光污染日益严重。故选A。 79．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Light pollution makes it harder for astronomers to study stars and planets. It also causes problems for animals. Animals active at night like bats become confused and crash into objects.(光污染使天文学家更难研究恒星和行星。它也会给动物带来麻烦。像蝙蝠一样在夜间活动的动物会感到困惑并撞向物体。)”可知，光污染或许使蝙蝠在飞行中可能会迷路。故选C。 80．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The brighter it is at night, the harder it is to see stars and planets from Earth.(夜晚的光线越亮，就越难从地球上看到星星和行星。)”和第二段中“Christopher Kyba, an astronomer with the GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, led his team studying over 50, 000 star observations between 2011 and 2022.(GFZ 德国地球科学研究中心的天文学家克里斯托弗·凯巴（Christopher Kyba）带领他的团队在2011年至2022年间研究了5万多个恒星观测数据。)”以及第三段中“The issue is global but particularly common in North America, where 80% of people cannot see the Milky Way galaxy (银河系).(这个问题是全球性的，但在北美尤其普遍，那里80% 的人看不到银河系。)”可知，文章主要介绍了灯光让人们看不见星星，B项“光让星星变得不可观测”适合做文章标题，故选B。 Passage 21 （2023高一下·云南玉溪·期末） How many plastic carrier bags have you got in your house? I seem to have cupboards full of them and it feels like they’re taking over my home! The shopping bag is just one example of the million things we use made from this useful material, plastic. But unfortunately, it’s not the easiest thing to recycle and this is causing an environmental problem. Most of our everyday plastic items end up in landfill, left to rot away for many years. But some of it blows away, causing damage to the natural environment and harming wildlife. The problem is most serious in our oceans. The study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, described how remote islands act as a “sink” for the world’s rubbish. They become collecting points for fishing items and everyday things including toothbrushes, cigarette lighters and razors (剃须刀); things that we throw away. Dr Jennifer Lavers from the University of Tasmania says, “Almost every island in the world and almost every species in the ocean is now being shown to be impacted one way or another by our waste.” This highlights the potentially deadly effect of our disposable culture. When we throw something away, it doesn’t just disappear, it goes somewhere and because of the long-lasting nature of plastic, it takes a lot time to decompose (分解) and stays there causing great damage to the ocean’s ecology. Some other recent worldwide research estimates that 90% of all seabirds have swallowed plastic. And worse still, this plastic is broken down into tiny particles (颗粒) over a long period by the wind and the waves, then sea creatures at the bottom of the food chain ingest (咽下) them. These creatures are eaten by the fish that we eventually consume. The solution to this problem would be to use less plastic. So next time you pick up a carrier bag, or buy a plastic bottle of water, spare a thought for the birds and animals on the remote islands. What do you do to help the environment? 81．What’s the function of the first paragraph of the text? A．To explain an idea. B．To create a suspense. C．To introduce the topic. D．To summarize the text. 82．According to the passage, why is plastic difficult to decompose? A．Because of its lasting nature. B．Because we use so much of it. C．Because of our disposable culture. D．Because it causes damage to the ocean’s ecology. 83．Where will the plastic finally come in the food chain? A．Seabirds. B．Sea creatures. C．Fish. D．Human beings. 84．What does the author call on us to do? A．To consume less plastic. B．To pick up a carrier bag. C．To buy a plastic bottle of water. D．To see birds and animals on the remote islands. 【答案】81．C 82．A 83．D 84．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料制品对环境、海洋生物和人类带来的负面影响，呼吁我们减少塑料消耗。 【详解】81．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“How many plastic carrier bags have you got in your house? I seem to have cupboards full of them and it feels like they’re taking over my home! The shopping bag is just one example of the milion things we use made from this useful material, plastic. But unfortunately, it’s not the easiest thing to recycle and this is causing an environmental problem.”（你家里有多少塑料袋？我的橱柜里似乎装满了它们，感觉它们正在接管我的家！购物袋只是我们使用的由这种有用的材料塑料制成的数百万件东西的一个例子。但不幸的是，这不是最容易回收的东西，这会造成环境问题）可知，文章第一段通过塑料袋的例子阐述了我们生活中充满塑料制品这一事实，接下来后文介绍了过多使用塑料制品带来的危害，由此可知，文章第一段的作用是引出下文要介绍的话题。故选C项。 82．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“When we throw something away, it doesn’t just disappear, it goes somewhere and because of the long-lasting nature of plastic, it takes a lot time to decompose (分解) and stays there causing great damage to the ocean’s ecology.”（当我们扔掉一些东西时，它不仅会消失，还会去某个地方，由于塑料的持久性，它需要很长时间才能分解并停留在那里，这对海洋生态造成了巨大的破坏）可知，因为于塑料的持久性，它需要很长时间才能分解，由此可知，塑料很难分解，因为它的持久性。故选A项。 83．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“And worse still, this plastic is broken down into tiny particles (颗粒) over a long period by the wind and the waves, then sea creatures at the bottom of the food chain ingest (咽下) them. These creatures are eaten by the fish that we eventually consume.”（更糟糕的是，这种塑料在很长一段时间内被风和海浪分解成微小的颗粒，然后食物链底部的海洋生物会吞噬它们。这些生物被我们最终吃掉的鱼吃掉了。）可知，塑料被风和海浪分解成微小的颗粒，然后被海洋生物吞噬，例如鱼，而这些鱼最终被我们人类吃掉了，由此可知，在食物链中，塑料最终会进入到人类体内。故选D项。 84．细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“The solution to this problem would be to use less plastic.”（解决这个问题的办法是少用塑料。）可知，为了解决塑料污染问题，作者建议我们少用塑料，由此可知，作者呼吁我们减少塑料消耗。故选A项。 Passage 22 （2024高一下·云南昭通·期末） The newly-elected president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro says that his country should withdraw (退出) from the 2015 Paris Agreement, and that Brazil’s rainforest protections are standing in the way of economic success. During the election campaign, he promised to ease protections for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native people and wildlife. Are Brazil’s rainforests in danger? The Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest, is called “the lungs of the planet.” Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide from the air around it. Billions of trees pull up water through their roots and release water vapor into the air, forming tiny drops of water. The Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall. Carlos Nobre, a climate scientist, says that it is almost impossible to say Just how important the rainforest is to the planet’s living systems. Some of Bolsonaro’s support comes from business and farming groups. One supporter, Luiz Carlos, noted that farmers “are not invaders, they are producers.” He blamed the past government for supporting rainforest protections at the cost of farmers. “Brazil,” he said, “will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro’s years.” Paulo Artaxo, a professor of environmental physics at the University of Sao Paulo, says that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises, then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly — and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet.” Other scientists warn that if the Amazon and other tropical rainforests lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall in other areas. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland. 85．The first paragraph is intended to ________. A．draw people’s attention to the disappearing rainforests B．ask people to ease the protection of rainforests C．attract the public to the newly-elected president D．to complain about the new government's withdrawing 86．According to the passage, rainforests can ________. A．produce much farmland B．examine people’s lungs C．change the earth’s living system D．destroy farmers’ crops 87．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The new president’s supporters care less about farmers. B．Scientists are concerned about the protection of rainforests. C．The rainforests will stop the economic development in Brazil. D．The past government is to blame for the destruction of rainforests 88．The passage is probably taken from ________. A．a newspaper B．a magazine C．a guidebook D．a textbook 【答案】85．A 86．C 87．B 88．A 【导语】本文是说明文。巴西新当选的总统Bolsonaro认为巴西对热带雨林的保护阻碍了经济的发展，由此引发了人们对保护热带雨林不同的观点。 85．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Jair Bolsonaro says that his country should withdraw (退出) from the 2015 Paris Agreement, and that Brazil’s rainforest protections are standing in the way of economic success.（巴西总统Jair Bolsonaro说，巴西应该退出2015年的《巴黎协议》，巴西的雨林保护阻碍了经济的成功。）”可知，巴西总统在关注巴西的热带雨林。根据第一段的第二句和第三句“During the election campaign, he promised to ease protections for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native people and wildlife. Are Brazil’s rainforests in danger?（在竞选期间，他承诺放宽对亚马逊地区的保护，给原住民和野生动物留出空间。巴西的热带雨林有危险吗？）”，可知，第一段是通过巴西总统的演说内容来引起人们对正在消失的雨林的关注，所以才会有下文对于热带雨林的关注以及对热带雨林保护的不同看法。故选A项。 86．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest, is called “the lungs of the planet”（亚马逊是世界上最大的雨林，被称为地球之肺。）”和第二段的最后一句“... it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planet’s living systems.（要说出雨林对地球的生命系统到底有多重要几乎是不可能的。）”可知，热带雨林对地球生态的影响意义重大。由此可知，热带雨林能够改变地球的生态系统，故选C项。 87．推理判断题。根据第四段“Paulo Artaxo, a professor of environmental physics at the University of Sao Paulo, ...then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly — and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet.（圣保罗大学的环境物理学教授说，如果Bolsonaro遵守他的竞选承诺，那么“亚马逊的森林砍伐很可能迅速增加——其影响将在地球上的任何地方都能感受到。”）”和第五段“Other scientists warn that if the Amazon and other tropical rainforests lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall in other areas. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland.（其他科学家警告说，如果亚马逊和其他热带雨林失去太多树木，这可能影响其他地区的降雨。如果没有足够的树木来支撑降雨，较长和更大的旱季就可能把一半以上的雨林变成热带草原。）”可知，科学家在警告失去热带雨林的危害性，由此推知，科学家们关心热带雨林的保护。故选B项。 88．推理判断题。通读全文可知，热带雨林对地球的生态系统起着积极的，不可取代的作用，对它的保护已经引起人类的广泛关注，不同的人站在不同的视角，对它的保护产生了不同的观点。所以针对一个问题或想象产生不同的观点。这符合报纸“能及时捕捉社会经济活动的瞬息万变，并按轻重缓急迅速公布于众，引起人们对事物或事情的关注”的特点。由此判断出这篇文章最可能来源于报纸。故选A项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 23 （2025高一下·云南玉溪·期末） As a top car maker, Tesla has been trying hard in autonomous vehicle technology. The company’s CEO, Elon Musk, has promised an exciting future where Tesla cars drive themselves, which focuses on Autopilot, Tesla’s advanced driver-assistance system designed to improve safety and convenience behind the wheel. Launched in 2015, Autopilot is aimed at reducing the drivers’ work. Today, the system becomes standard on every new Tesla car and includes features like Autosteer and Traffic-Aware Gruise Control, which together help a vehicle match its speed to that of nearby traffic and stay within a clearly marked lane (车道). The Autopilot system requires special equipment to collect and process data. The first version, “Hardware 1”, depended on a camera, radar and ultrasonic sensors (超声波传感器) to provide driving help. In 2016, “Hardware 2” was introduced and improved to include more advanced equipment. Later, Tesla introduced Enhanced Autopilot, offering several new features that help vehicles function more automatically. By 2017, Tesla began selling a more advanced model of Autopilot, calling it “Full Self-Driving” (FSD). Besides the features of Basic and Enhanced Autopilot, FSD can recognize and react to traffic lights and stop signs. However, there have been hundreds of crashes involving Tesla vehicles using FSD and Autopilot along with dozens of deaths. The company makes it clear that both systems require active driver control and do not make the vehicle fully autonomous. In October 2024, Musk showed the company’s robotaxi, Cybercab. Expected to be available before 2027, Cybercab will have no steering wheel (方向盘) or pedals, allowing it to transport passengers without human involvement. However, experts are not sure if these Tesla taxis will hit the roads anytime soon. “Numerous technological hurdles, safety tests, and regulatory approvals (监管审批) are still standing in the way,” senior analyst Garrett Nelson told The New York Times. 89．What is Autopilot designed to do? A．Strengthen safe and convenient driving. B．Enable Tesla to improve its production. C．Replace the work drivers need to do. D．Increase the speed of Tesla cars. 90．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The functions of the Autopilot system. B．The features of the automatic vehicles. C．The advantages of the ultrasonic sensors. D．The development of the Autopilot system. 91．What does the underlined word “hurdles” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Difficulties. B．Improvements. C．Inventions. D．Shortages. 92．In which part of a magazine can you read this article? A．Lifestyle. B．Entertainment. C．Culture. D．Technology. 【答案】89．A 90．D 91．A 92．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍特斯拉公司在自动驾驶技术方面的努力，包括Autopilot系统的发展及机器人出租车Cybercab面临的情况。 89．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The company’s CEO, Elon Musk, has promised an exciting future where Tesla cars drive themselves, which focuses on Autopilot, Tesla’s advanced driver-assistance system designed to improve safety and convenience behind the wheel.(特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克承诺了一个令人兴奋的未来，特斯拉汽车将专注于自动驾驶，这是特斯拉先进的驾驶员辅助系统，旨在提高驾驶的安全性和便利性)”可知，Autopilot旨在加强安全便捷驾驶。故选A项。 90．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The first version, “Hardware 1”, depended on a camera, radar and ultrasonic sensors (超声波传感器) to provide driving help. In 2016, “Hardware 2” was introduced and improved to include more advanced equipment. Later, Tesla introduced Enhanced Autopilot, offering several new features that help vehicles function more automatically.(第一个版本“硬件1”依靠摄像头、雷达和超声波传感器来提供驾驶帮助。2016年，“硬件2”推出并改进，包含了更先进的设备。后来，特斯拉推出了增强版Autopilot，提供了一些新功能，帮助车辆更自动化地运行)”可知，该段主要讲述了Autopilot系统的发展历程。故选D项。 91．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“However, experts are not sure if these Tesla taxis will hit the roads anytime soon. “Numerous technological hurdles, safety tests, and regulatory approvals(监管审批) are still standing in the way,” senior analyst Garrett Nelson told The New York Times.(然而，专家们不确定这些特斯拉出租车是否能很快上路。高级分析师加勒特·纳尔逊告诉《纽约时报》：“众多技术hurdles、安全测试和监管审批仍然阻碍着其发展”)”可知，阻碍特斯拉出租车很快上路的应该是技术方面的困难，所以hurdles意思为“困难”，与difficulties同义。故选A项。 92．推理判断题。根据第一段“As a top car maker, Tesla has been trying hard in autonomous vehicle technology. The company’s CEO, Elon Musk, has promised an exciting future where Tesla cars drive themselves, which focuses on Autopilot, Tesla’s advanced driver-assistance system designed to improve safety and convenience behind the wheel.(作为一家顶尖的汽车制造商，特斯拉一直在自动驾驶汽车技术方面不懈努力。该公司首席执行官埃隆·马斯克承诺，特斯拉汽车将实现自动驾驶，开启令人振奋的未来，这主要依托于Autopilot（自动辅助驾驶）系统。这是特斯拉的先进驾驶辅助系统，旨在提升驾驶过程中的安全性与便利性)”可知，文章主要围绕特斯拉公司在自动驾驶技术方面的发展，包括Autopilot系统及机器人出租车Cybercab等内容，所以最有可能在杂志的“科技”板块读到这篇文章。故选D项。 Passage 24 （2025高一下·云南玉溪·期末） Robotic dogs are expected to help transport waste on Mount Tai in Tai’an, Shandong Province, combining high technology with environmental protection to deal with the growing waste management challenges at this popular tourist destination. As hikers climbed Mount Tai, they were attracted by a robotic dog carrying waste on its back, under the control of a technologist. During the climb, the robot dog broadcast (广播) messages to encourage visitors to protect the mountain’s environment, bringing joy to the tired hikers. Mount Tai, a UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage site, welcomed 8.62 million tourists last year. The complex terrain (地形) makes waste transportation more difficult. After studying different solutions, the government believes that using robotic helpers for transportation is a good choice. Tests were carried out over three days at the base, middle and top of the mountain. Equipped with a shelf and box that can carry 30 to 40 kilograms, the robot dogs were tested for climbing ability, carrying ability and emergency action on the mountain’s hard terrain. Results showed that they could reach the top of the mountain from the base within two hours, while the average time for adult tourists not carrying heavy things is about four hours. The robots can work for four to six hours on a full charge (充满电). During the tests, the robotic dogs adapted to over 80% of the mountain’s terrain, showing hopeful results in waste transportation. They became a unique attraction, with many tourists stopping to record moments with these lovely helpers. “I saw it climbing and took a photo with it. It’s truly amazing,” said Wang Yang, a tourist from Heilongjiang Province. “It would be more unbelievable if it could carry people up the mountain in the future.” 93．What is the main job of the robotic dogs on Mount Tai? A．To guide tourists. B．To clean the scenic area directly. C．To carry heavy things like rubbish. D．To protect the environment. 94．Which of the following is not mentioned about the robotic dogs? A．Its color. B．Its adaptation. C．Its appearance. D．Its function. 95．What can we infer from Wang Yang’s words about the robotic dogs? A．Tourists are not very practical at present. B．Tourists have high expectations for their future development. C．They will surely be used to carry people soon. D．They have some technical problems that need to be solved. 96．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Robotic dogs are becoming a new tourist attraction on Mount Tai. B．The government is trying different ways to manage waste on Mount Tai. C．Robotic dogs are being tested for waste transportation on Mount Tai. D．Mount Tai is facing serious waste management challenges. 【答案】93．C 94．A 95．B 96．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍山东省泰安市泰山景区利用机器狗助力垃圾运输，通过对机器狗在泰山不同位置进行测试，展示其在应对景区垃圾管理挑战方面的作用与潜力。 93．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Robotic dogs are expected to help transport waste on Mount Tai...(机器狗有望在泰山帮助运输垃圾……)”可知，机器狗在泰山的主要工作是搬运像垃圾这样的重物。故选C项。 94．细节理解题。文中提到了机器狗的适应能力，如第五段“During the tests, the robotic dogs adapted to over 80% of the mountain’s terrain(在测试期间，机器狗适应了超过80%的山地地形)”，对应B选项；提到了其外观，如第四段“Equipped with a shelf and box that can carry 30 to 40 kilograms(配备了一个可以承载30到40公斤的架子和箱子)”如第五段“They became a unique attraction, with many tourists stopping to record moments with these lovely helpers.(它们成了一道独特的风景，许多游客驻足与这些可爱的 “助手” 合影留念)”，对应C选项；提到了其功能，如第一段“Robotic dogs are expected to help transport waste on Mount Tai(机器狗有望在泰山帮助运输垃圾)”以及第二段“the robot dog broadcast (广播) messages to encourage visitors to protect the mountain’s environment(机器狗广播信息鼓励游客保护环境)”，对应D选项。全文未提及机器狗的颜色。故选A项。 95．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It would be more unbelievable if it could carry people up the mountain in the future.(如果它将来能载人上山，那就更不可思议了)”可知，游客对机器狗未来的发展抱有很高的期望。故选B项。 96．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Robotic dogs are expected to help transport waste on Mount Tai in Tai’an, Shandong Province, combining high technology with e$