内容正文:
衔接点19 名词性从句
初中视角
高中展望
初中主要学习宾语从句与表语从句的用法。重点学习宾语从句的基本结构(引导词 + 陈述句语序);主语从句、同位语从句接触的比较少。
在高中阶段,我们将着重学习主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,以它的各种连接词为学习主线,之后讲述表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
衔接引导
初中阶段考查形式:侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用,多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。
高中阶段考查形式:注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解,更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。
【初中考点聚焦】
初中名词性从句主要考点聚焦宾语从句从属连词的选择、语序及时态一致。
考点1 宾语从句
1.She also advised ________ I should keep a vocabulary notebook to record new words.
A.what B.if C.whether D.that
2.—I think it’s difficult to write the book report in two days. I really don’t know ________.
—Believe in yourself! Plan your time properly, and you can make it.
A.why I have to do it B.when will I finish it
C.how can I do it D.whether I can finish it
3.There are ups and downs in life, and we should think about ________ we learn from them.
A.why B.what C.which D.where
4.The Youth Ceremony was held successfully. Could you tell me ________?
A.who will be the host of it B.which hall was it held in
C.whose show made you the most excited D.that you were encouraged by the speech
5.—I’m excited about the coming basketball match. Do you know ________?
—This Friday night.
A.where I can watch it B.whether our team will win
C.how can our team win D.when it will start
考点2 表语从句
6.—Why does Lucy make great progress in math this year?
—I think that’s ________ she focuses on the class and does exercises to practice after class.
A.why B.how C.because D.what
7.Jimmy sings better than Nick. That’s ________ Jimmy won the competition last week.
A.why B.because C.what D.how
8.Mary was nearly killed on the road just now. That’s ________ she is so scared now.
A.that B.when C.why D.how
9.The home is ________ your heart is. There is no other place like it.
A.where B.how C.when D.what
10.Of course, I can help you with your English study. That’s ________ I’m good at.
A.when B.how C.what D.why
【高中考点聚焦】
课标解读
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。在阅读理解中拆解复杂名词性从句(如多层嵌套结构);在各类文体写作中使用名词性从句提升句子复杂度。四种名词性从句如下:
典型例句:1.It is certain that he will come.他一定会来。(主语从句)
2.My idea is that we’ll all go expect Lily.我的想法是除了莉莉之外我们大家都去。(表语从句)
3.He asked me whether/if she lived here.他问我她是否住在这儿。(宾语从句)
4.I’ve no idea where he has gone.我不知道他到哪里去了。(同位语从句)
考点清单
考点一、宾语从句的用法
在主从复合句中,作宾语的是一个从句,这个从句就称为宾语从句。宾语从句与主语从句和表语从句一样,使用连词、连接代词和连接副词等引导。
常用来引导宾语从句的词
连词
that,whether
连接代词
what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever等
连接副词
when,where,how,why等
1.宾语从句的种类
宾语从句在句子中可以用作动词的宾语或介词的宾语。
1.动词宾语从句
I was told (that) I had to cut out alcohol.我被告知必须戒酒。
I don’t know whether/if the banks are open.我不知道银行是否营业。
Joe wanted to know who bought him the gift.乔想弄清楚是谁给他买的这个礼物。
Mary asked where she could find the biggest park in the city.玛丽问这座城市最大的公园在哪儿。
2.介词宾语从句
A.that只在expect,in和but等少数介词后引导从句作介词的宾语。
We know nothing expect that Joe is from America.
除了知道乔是来自美国之外,我们什么都不知道。
He differed from other people in that he always looked further ahead in his work.
他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都看得远些。
I could say nothing but that I was sorry.我非常抱歉。(我除了说抱歉之外,没什么可说的。)
B.由连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作介词的宾语。
My teacher was satisfied with what I did.我的老师对我所做的一切感到满意。
What we should take with us depend on where we’ll stay.我们需要随身带什么东西,取决于我们将在什么地方停留。
C.不及物动词后跟介词宾语从句。
某些不及物动词后边如果跟宾语从句,常省去介词。
I don’t care whether he is the headmaster or not.(省略介词)我不在乎他是不是校长。
重要:如果不及物动词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语,则介词不能省略。
I don’t care about him.我不在乎他。
I insist that you should learn a second language.(省略介词)
=I insist on your learning a second language.(不能省略介词)我坚持让你学第二语言。
D.某些形容词后跟介词宾语从句。
在表示知觉、感情等的形容词如sure,afraid,glad,certain等之后,如果跟宾语从句,则省去介词。
I’m afraid that I’ll be late.(省略介词)恐怕我要迟到了。
重要:如果形容词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语,则不能省略介词。
I’m afraid of being late.我害怕迟到。
I’m sure that we’ll win the match.(省略介词)我确信我们会赢得这场比赛。
I am sure that he’ll win.(省略介词)
=I am sure of his winning.(不能省略介词)我肯定他会赢。
He is glad that you passed the exam.(省略介词)
=He is glad of your passing the exam.(不能省略介词)他为你能通过考试而高兴。
小试牛刀:
1.我想知道你是否方便本周五下午和我一起去看艺术展。
I ________________ to go to the art exhibition with me this Friday afternoon.
2.我不明白死亡意味着什么。
I didn’t understand ________________.
3.Looking around at your friends and classmates should remind ________________.
环顾周围的朋友和同学,你就会发现,你有很多同伴。
4.We hurried to the station only ________.
我们匆忙赶到车站,结果却被告知火车已经开走了。
5.Can you tell me __________________?
你能告诉我你是在哪儿学的英语吗?
考点二、表语从句的用法
在主从复合句中,作表语的是一个从句,这个从句就称为表语从句。表语从句可以由连词、连接代词和连接副词引导,并且不能省略。
常用来引导表语从句的词
连词
that,weather
连接代词
what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever等
连接副词
when,where,how,why等
My opinion is that the villager really didn’t understand the policeman.我认为那位村民确实没有理解警察的意思。
that在表语从句中不作成分,没有词义,不可省略,但在口语中有时可省略。
That’s what we should do.这是我们的本分。
what在表语从句中作宾语,不能省略,从句中的语序为陈述语序。
The question is how the tiger got out of the cage.问题是老虎是怎么从笼子里出去的。
how在表语从句中作状语,不能省略,从句中的语序为陈述语序。
That is why they decided to hold a meeting.这就是他们为什么决定要开会的原因。
This is where I met Mary for the first time.这就是我第一次遇见玛丽的地方。
小试牛刀:
6.室内植物看起来好像坐在那儿无所事事, …… (as if)
Indoor plants might look_________________________________, …
7.冬青低处枝条上的叶子比高出枝条上的叶子刺多。这是因为动物更容易够得着。
(This is because...)
Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. ________ the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
8.我的建议是我们应该每天练习读英语。
My suggestion is ________________ every day.
9.我想知道的是我能做什么来帮助你学习英语。
What I want to know is ________________ to help with your English.
10.Jane is no longer ________________ ten years ago.
简再也不是十年前的那个样子了。
考点三、主语从句的用法
在主从复合句中,作主语的是一个从句,这个从句就称为主语从句。主句从句可以由连词、连接代词或连接副词引导,且不能省略。另外,主句的动词大多用be动词或其他系动词。
常用来引导主语从句的词
连词
that,whether
连接代词
what,whatever,who,whoever等
连接副词
when,where,how,why等
1.由连词引导的主语从句
连词that,whether引导主语从句,在从句中不作任何成分,不能省略。由它们引导的主语从句,多用it作形式主语。
①That she was beautiful was plain to everyone.大家都能看出她很漂亮。
主语从句
②It was plain to everyone that she was beautiful.
形式主语 真正主语(主语从句)
说明:①中that是连词,引导主语从句she was beautiful。that在主句从句中不作任何成分,也没有词义,that不能省略。由that引导的主语从句可改写为由it作形式主语的句子②。
①Whether he’ll come (or not) hasn’t been decided.他是否会来,还没定下来。
主语从句 谓语
②It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come or not.
形式主语 真正主语(主语从句)
③(误)It hasn’t been decided if he’ll come.
(误)If he’ll come hasn’t been decided.
说明:①中whether引导主语从句,whether在从句中不作任何成分,但有含义,意为“是否”,whether不能省略。此句中,因为主句的时态为现在时态,所以主语从句的时态不受主句的限制。由whether引导的主语从句常可改写为②,即一个由it作形式主语的句子。
whether引导主语从句时,不能用if代替,所以③中的两个句子都是错误的。
That women had not had the same opportunities as men in many fields is obvious.
主语从句
显然,过去在许多领域中,妇女没有和男人享有同样的机遇。
Whether she can get that job is still unclear.她是否能得到那份工作尚不清楚。
主语从句
That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
(从句)现在进行时的被动语态 (主句)一般现在时
=It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
形式主语 真正主语(主语从句)
英语正在作为一种国际语言被接受,这是一个事实。
It is my fault that this has happened.发生这事得怪我。
形式主语 真正主语(主语从句)
2.由连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句
连接代词who,which和what,连接副词when,where,how和why以及复合连接代词whatever,whoever等,复合连接副词whenever,wherever等都可引导主语从句,它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语,不能省略。注意,翻译时,不能把它们译为疑问句。
Who will take charge of the task has not been decided.
重要:who是连接代词,引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,不能省略。翻译时不能把它译为疑问句。
=It has not been decided who will take charge of the task.谁来负责这项任务还没有决定。
Which (answer) is right isn’t known to us.
=It isn’t known to us which (answer) is right.哪一个答案是对的我们还不知道。
When we’ll start is not clear.=It is not clear when we’ll start.我们何时出发还不清楚。
Where we’ll spend our holiday hasn’t been decided.我们要去哪里度假还没决定。
How a book will sell depends much on the reviewer.一本书的销售在很大程度上取决于书评作者。(重要:how是连接副词,在主语从句中作状语,不能省略。)
Why he went to London is a mystery.
=It is mysterious why he went to London.他为什么去伦敦是个谜。
比较:由连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句和疑问句不同,主语从句的语序是正常语序(陈述语序)。
疑问句:Why(疑问副词)didn’t he come here?他为什么不来这儿?
主语从句:Why(连接副词)he didn’t come here is not known to us.我们不知道为什么他没来这儿。
what引导的主语从句有时相当于“先行词+that引导的定语从句”,表示一样东西或一件事情。who,whom,which,what可以和ever构成合成词,和what一样引导从句,ever起强调作用。由它们引导的主语从句不能用形式主语it替代,它们在句子中作成分,不能省略,语序为陈述语序。
What he said(主语从句)was perfectly true.
what=the thing that,在从句中作宾语,不能省略,为陈述语序,不能用疑问句语序“What did he say?”。
=The thing that he said was perfectly true.(the thing+that引导的定语从句)他讲的都是事实。
Whoever leaves the office should tell me.
whoever在从句中作主语,不能省略。
=Anyone who leaves the office should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。
Whichever you want is yours.你要哪一个,哪一个就是你的。
whichever在从句中作宾语,不能省略,注意语序。
Whatever I have is yours.我所有的一切都是你的。
whatever在从句中作宾语,不能省略,注意语序。
引导主语从句的连接代词
无论是谁(主)
whoever
=anyone who
=no matter who
无论是谁(宾)
whomever
=anyone whom
=no matter whom
无论是谁的
whosever
=anyone whose
=no matter whose
无论是哪个
whichever
=anything that
=no matter which
无论是什么
whatever
=anything that
=no matter what
小试牛刀:
1.事故的起因是未知的。
________ ________ ________ ________ remains unknown.
2.该公司为何召回新车,目前尚未正式公布。
________ the company recalled the new cars ________ yet.
3.任何违法的人都应该被惩罚(break) 。
________ the law should be punished.
4.他是否适合这份工作,还有待观察。
________________ he is fit for the job.
5.如何在不破坏自然的前提下刺激当地经济,是个重大挑战。
________ without damaging nature is a big challenge.
考点四、同位语从句的用法
在主从复合句中,作同位语的是一个从句,则这个句子就称为同位语从句。同位语从句由连词that和whether、关系代词who和what或关系副词why和how等引导。连词that在同位语从句中不担任任何成分,也没有词义,但是不能省略。从意思上来讲,同位语从句所表达的意思,就是与之同位的名词所表达的意思。
与从句同位的名词通常是表示事实等的抽象名词
answer回答
belief信念
doubt怀疑
fact事实
hope希望
idea想法
news消息
order命令
question问题
reply回答
thought想法
rumour谣言
注意:具体名词,如pen,book等之后不能跟同位语从句。
The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.昨天我们邀请了他,这个主意真是太好了。
The question whether we’ll go to see the film next Monday hasn’t been settled.
说明:whether引导同位语从句,有词义,不作成分,不能省略,也不能用if来代替。
下周一我们是否去看那部电影还未决定。
His question why the sky is blue is difficult to answer.他问为什么天是蓝的,这令人很难回答。
The rumour that there’ll be an earthquake soon spread all over the area.(同位语从句)
说明:that引导的从句是抽象名词rumour的同位语从句,that无词义,不作成分,也不能省略。
将要发生地震的谣言很快就在这一地区传开了。
The rumour is that there’ll be an earthquake.(表语从句)谣言是将要发生地震了。
比较:试比较下面两个句子的正误。
(正)The idea (that) he told me yesterday is good.(定语从句)
(误)The idea is that he told me yesterday.昨天他告诉我的那个主意太好了。
小试牛刀:
1.As we learn more about the universe, we may one day answer the question there is life on other planets. (用适当的词填空)
2.I have no idea will be in charge of the company. (用适当的词填空)
3.The news our team won the game made us very excited. (用适当的词填空)
4.Astronomers have long held the firm belief there are other livable planets in the vast universe. (用适当的词填空)
5.I have no idea they were able to get it done in so short a time. (用适当的词填空)
一、单句语法填空
1. we value traditional culture or ignore it will shape our cultural identity in the long run. (用适当的词填空)
2. he says in his report is really interesting. (用适当的词填空)
3. counts now is not to blame others but to make a united effort to solve the problem. (用适当的词填空)
4. your professor expects from this assignment is not perfection, but evidence that you truly engaged with the material. (用适当的词填空)
5. we will go camping depends on the weather. (用适当的词填空)
6.It remains to be seen we are wrong in the matter. (用适当的词填空)
7. option is more suitable for our project needs further discussion. (用适当的词填空)
8. we can solve this problem efficiently is the key to the project’s success. (用适当的词填空)
9. he suddenly quit his job without any explanation confused his colleagues. (用适当的词填空)
10.There are still some doubts she could finish it herself. (用适当的词填空)
11.Tom came back with bad news there would be a test soon. (用适当的词填空)
12.The students discussed a question online learning is more effective than traditional classroom learning. (用适当的词填空)
13.The question will take his place hasn’t been discussed. (用适当的词填空)
14.There is solid evidence watching 3D movies have some side effects on the viewers. (用适当的词填空)
15.This is the toy car is beyond the little boy’s reach — no matter how hard he tries to reach for it, he just can’t get it. (用适当的词填空)
16.Winter is extremely cold for the homeless; this is many people reach out to them by donating warm clothes and hot meals. (用适当的词填空)
17.One traditional belief about television is it reduces a child’s ability to think. (用适当的词填空)
18.Traditional festivals tell us we are and fill us with pride in being Chinese. (用适当的词填空)
19.These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and carried her through a life of hard choices. (用适当的词填空)
20.I really did not know I should continue correcting him or simply drop the matter. (用适当的词填空)
二、完成句子
1.I don’t know .
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
2.If you ask me (我最喜欢什么体育运动), I would like to say football is my favourite.
3.I he will be offered the chance to go abroad.
他是否能获得出国机会,我很怀疑。
4. his smart phone was out of order.
我联系不上他的原因是他的手机出故障了。
5.My advice is .
我的建议是我们应该马上制定一个新计划。
6.His accent at once betrayed the fact .
他的口音立刻暴露出他是一个外国人。
7.我认为,我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。
I hold the opinion .
8.有消息说我们学校将会举办一次以中国传统习俗为主题的班会。
Word came whose topic is related to Chinese traditional customs.
9. made me feel confused.
作者写的东西让我感到困惑。
10.It remains to be seen .
他是否胜任这项工作还有待观察。
一、语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a foreign visitor to China, I once only knew Hangzhou from books and online videos. However, a recent trip gave me a new view, telling me 1 perfectly nature and civilization combine in this ancient city.
To enjoy local culture in person, I found the great wisdom and creativity 2 (hide) behind every bridge and lake scene were absolutely impressive, passing down beauty for centuries. It hit me that West Lake is not just a lake, 3 a symbol of peace and harmony.
Wandering along the lake in the evening, I 4 (bring) into a peaceful world with gentle wind, shining lights and quiet paths. Walking around the old streets, 5 old houses stand beside modern shops, I sensed the endless charm of Hangzhou. A tour to Lingyin Temple was even 6 (amaze) . Standing among old trees, I imagined the people 7 (pray) here in ancient times.
Hangzhou fully lives up to its reputation 8 a paradise on earth, from historic attractions to modern streets, quiet lakes to lively local life. This journey was a meaningful 9 (discover) of China’s perfect balance of old and new. I built a stronger love for Chinese culture. A trip to Hangzhou is never just a travel experience, but a purification (净化) of one’s 10 (spirit) mind.
二、阅读理解
Let’s Explore Nature!
The summer holiday is coming! Do you want to have a wonderful and meaningful vacation? If you are interested in animals and nature, come and join us!
Youth Explorer has prepared you with a three-day summer programme! You can take part in many activities and meet animals — lions, monkeys, tigers and so on! More information about the programme is as follows:
Age: Students aged 10 to 15
Group: Two programmes for you to choose from. Each group needs at most 15 students.
Programme A
Programme B
Dates: 15 — 17 July
Dates: 6 — 8 August
Days: Monday to Wednesday
Days: Tuesday to Thursday
Time: 9:30 a.m. — 4:00 p.m.
Time: 9:30 a.m. — 4:00 p.m.
Programme cost: $200 for members; $230 for non-members.
How to do: Simply come to our centre to get an application form (申请表).Send your completed form to us before July 10th.
Notes:
*No free lunches are offered. You may either bring a box lunch or pay for lunch at our restaurants.
*Both programmes will start 1 DAY later if there is a warning of rainstorms.
11.What animals can you see in the summer programme?
A.Monkeys. B.Pandas.
C.Foxes. D.Elephants.
12.Who can join the three-day summer programme?
A.Children under 6. B.Students over 16.
C.Children aged 7—9. D.Students aged 12—14.
13.How much should one member and two non-members pay for the programme?
A.$600. B.$630.
C.$660. D.$700.
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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衔接点19 名词性从句
初中视角
高中展望
初中主要学习宾语从句与表语从句的用法。重点学习宾语从句的基本结构(引导词 + 陈述句语序);主语从句、同位语从句接触的比较少。
在高中阶段,我们将着重学习主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,以它的各种连接词为学习主线,之后讲述表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
衔接引导
初中阶段考查形式:侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用,多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。
高中阶段考查形式:注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解,更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。
【初中考点聚焦】
初中名词性从句主要考点聚焦宾语从句从属连词的选择、语序及时态一致。
考点1 宾语从句
1.She also advised ________ I should keep a vocabulary notebook to record new words.
A.what B.if C.whether D.that
【答案】D
【详解】句意:她还建议我应该准备一个词汇本来记录新单词。
what疑问代词,在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分;if/whether连词,意为“是否”;that连词,引导陈述句形式的宾语从句,在从句中不充当成分,且没有实际意义。分析句子结构可知,空后“I should keep…”是一个意义完整的陈述句,表示建议的内容,应用that引导宾语从句。
2.—I think it’s difficult to write the book report in two days. I really don’t know ________.
—Believe in yourself! Plan your time properly, and you can make it.
A.why I have to do it B.when will I finish it
C.how can I do it D.whether I can finish it
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我认为两天内写完读书报告很难。我真的不知道我是否能完成它。——相信你自己!合理安排你的时间,你就能做到。
why I have to do it我为什么必须做它;when will I finish it我什么时候会完成它;how can I do it我该怎么做它;whether I can finish it我是否能完成它。根据答句“Believe in yourself! Plan your time properly,and you can make it.”可知,前句表达的是说话人不确定自己能否完成任务,且宾语从句需使用陈述语序,选项B、C为疑问语序可直接排除,A选项与答句语境不符,应填whether I can finish it。
3.There are ups and downs in life, and we should think about ________ we learn from them.
A.why B.what C.which D.where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:生活中有起有落,我们应该思考我们从中学到了什么。
why为什么;what什么;which哪一个;where哪里。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句作介词about的宾语,从句中动词learn缺少宾语,表示“学到的内容”,所以应该用what来引导。
4.The Youth Ceremony was held successfully. Could you tell me ________?
A.who will be the host of it B.which hall was it held in
C.whose show made you the most excited D.that you were encouraged by the speech
【答案】C
【详解】句意:青年典礼成功举办。你能告诉我谁的表演让你最激动吗?
考查宾语从句。分析句子可知此处是宾语从句,需用陈述语序,故B项错误;根据主句“Could you tell me”可知,宾语从句带有疑问语气,D项虽为陈述语序,但“that”引导的宾语从句陈述事实,故D项错误;主句是一般现在时,宾语从句应用所需的任一时态,根据“The Youth Ceremony was held successfully.”可知是一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作,故A项时态错误,C项正确。故选C。
5.—I’m excited about the coming basketball match. Do you know ________?
—This Friday night.
A.where I can watch it B.whether our team will win
C.how can our team win D.when it will start
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我对即将到来的篮球比赛感到兴奋。你知道它什么时候开始吗?——这周五晚上。
where I can watch it我在哪里可以观看;whether our team will win我们队是否会赢;how can our team win我们队如何能赢(疑问语序错误,应为how our team can win);when it will start它什么时候开始。答语“This Friday night”指的是时间,因此问句询问的是时间,应用when引导。应填when it will start。
考点2 表语从句
6.—Why does Lucy make great progress in math this year?
—I think that’s ________ she focuses on the class and does exercises to practice after class.
A.why B.how C.because D.what
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——露西今年数学为什么进步这么大?——我觉得是因为她上课认真听讲,课后还做练习巩固。
考查表语从句引导词。why为什么,表原因;how如何,表方式;because因为,引导原因;what什么,表内容。由“Why”可知,问句问的是“进步的原因”,答句后是具体原因,应用because引导表语从句说明原因。故选C。
7.Jimmy sings better than Nick. That’s ________ Jimmy won the competition last week.
A.why B.because C.what D.how
【答案】A
【详解】句意:吉米唱得比尼克好。那就是吉米上周赢得比赛的原因。
考查连词辨析。why为什么;because因为;what什么;how如何。根据句意,前半句“吉米唱得更好”是原因,后半句“他赢得比赛”是结果,因此空白处需填入表示原因的连词why,构成固定搭配 That’s why...(那就是……的原因)。故选A。
8.Mary was nearly killed on the road just now. That’s ________ she is so scared now.
A.that B.when C.why D.how
【答案】C
【详解】句意:玛丽刚才在路上差点被撞死,这就是她为什么如此害怕的原因。
考查表语从句连接词辨析。that那;when什么时候;why为什么;how怎么样。根据题意可知,这就是她为什么如此害怕的原因,why意为“为什么”,用于解释原因,此处why连接“That’s” 和 “she is so scared now”前后两个部分,强调前因后果。故选C。
9.The home is ________ your heart is. There is no other place like it.
A.where B.how C.when D.what
【答案】A
【详解】句意:家就是你的心所在的地方。没有其他地方能像它一样。
考查表语从句的引导词。where哪里;how如何;when何时;what什么。句子结构需要一个表示地点的连接词,引导表语从句。根据句意,应选择表示地点的“where”。“where your heart is”表示“你心所在的地方”,即“家就是你心所在的地方”。故选A。
10.Of course, I can help you with your English study. That’s ________ I’m good at.
A.when B.how C.what D.why
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当然,我可以帮助你学习英语。那是我擅长的。
考查表语从句。when什么时候;how怎么样;what什么;why为什么。根据“That’s...I’m good at.”可知,设空处引导表语从句,且在从句中充当宾语成分,C选项符合句意及语法要求。故选C。
【高中考点聚焦】
课标解读
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。在阅读理解中拆解复杂名词性从句(如多层嵌套结构);在各类文体写作中使用名词性从句提升句子复杂度。四种名词性从句如下:
典型例句:1.It is certain that he will come.他一定会来。(主语从句)
2.My idea is that we’ll all go expect Lily.我的想法是除了莉莉之外我们大家都去。(表语从句)
3.He asked me whether/if she lived here.他问我她是否住在这儿。(宾语从句)
4.I’ve no idea where he has gone.我不知道他到哪里去了。(同位语从句)
考点清单
考点一、宾语从句的用法
在主从复合句中,作宾语的是一个从句,这个从句就称为宾语从句。宾语从句与主语从句和表语从句一样,使用连词、连接代词和连接副词等引导。
常用来引导宾语从句的词
连词
that,whether
连接代词
what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever等
连接副词
when,where,how,why等
1.宾语从句的种类
宾语从句在句子中可以用作动词的宾语或介词的宾语。
1.动词宾语从句
I was told (that) I had to cut out alcohol.我被告知必须戒酒。
I don’t know whether/if the banks are open.我不知道银行是否营业。
Joe wanted to know who bought him the gift.乔想弄清楚是谁给他买的这个礼物。
Mary asked where she could find the biggest park in the city.玛丽问这座城市最大的公园在哪儿。
2.介词宾语从句
A.that只在expect,in和but等少数介词后引导从句作介词的宾语。
We know nothing expect that Joe is from America.
除了知道乔是来自美国之外,我们什么都不知道。
He differed from other people in that he always looked further ahead in his work.
他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都看得远些。
I could say nothing but that I was sorry.我非常抱歉。(我除了说抱歉之外,没什么可说的。)
B.由连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作介词的宾语。
My teacher was satisfied with what I did.我的老师对我所做的一切感到满意。
What we should take with us depend on where we’ll stay.我们需要随身带什么东西,取决于我们将在什么地方停留。
C.不及物动词后跟介词宾语从句。
某些不及物动词后边如果跟宾语从句,常省去介词。
I don’t care whether he is the headmaster or not.(省略介词)我不在乎他是不是校长。
重要:如果不及物动词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语,则介词不能省略。
I don’t care about him.我不在乎他。
I insist that you should learn a second language.(省略介词)
=I insist on your learning a second language.(不能省略介词)我坚持让你学第二语言。
D.某些形容词后跟介词宾语从句。
在表示知觉、感情等的形容词如sure,afraid,glad,certain等之后,如果跟宾语从句,则省去介词。
I’m afraid that I’ll be late.(省略介词)恐怕我要迟到了。
重要:如果形容词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语,则不能省略介词。
I’m afraid of being late.我害怕迟到。
I’m sure that we’ll win the match.(省略介词)我确信我们会赢得这场比赛。
I am sure that he’ll win.(省略介词)
=I am sure of his winning.(不能省略介词)我肯定他会赢。
He is glad that you passed the exam.(省略介词)
=He is glad of your passing the exam.(不能省略介词)他为你能通过考试而高兴。
小试牛刀:
1.我想知道你是否方便本周五下午和我一起去看艺术展。
I ________________ to go to the art exhibition with me this Friday afternoon.
【答案】wonder if/whether you are available
【详解】表示“想知道”用动词wonder,陈述事实用一般现在时,主语为I;后跟宾语从句,表示“是否”用if或whether;主语为you;表示“方便,有空”用形容词available,作表语。
2.我不明白死亡意味着什么。
I didn’t understand ________________.
【答案】what the death meant
【详解】考查宾语从句和时态。understand后接宾语从句,what引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语,the death表示“死亡” ,mean表达“意味着” 。主句为一般过去时,从句也用过去时态,故填what the death meant。
3.Looking around at your friends and classmates should remind ________________.
环顾周围的朋友和同学,你就会发现,你有很多同伴。
【答案】that you are not alone
【详解】考查宾语从句。“你有很多同伴”即“你并不是独自一人”,用宾语从句,从句中主语用you;表示“不孤单”用are not alone;从句不缺少成分或含义,用that引导。故填that you are not alone。
4.We hurried to the station only ________.
我们匆忙赶到车站,结果却被告知火车已经开走了。
【答案】to be told that the train had left
【详解】考查不定式,宾语从句和时态。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“结果却被告知火车已经开走了”,“结果却”用only to do表出乎意料的结果,“被告知”是be told that...,that引导的是宾语从句,“火车”是the train,“开走”是leave,用过去完成时had left表示先于hurried的动作,故填to be told that the train had left。
5.Can you tell me __________________?
你能告诉我你是在哪儿学的英语吗?
【答案】where you picked up your English
【详解】考查宾语从句。根据句意,此处表示“你是在哪儿学的英语吗”需用宾语从句作宾语,宾语从句用陈述语序,结合句意,此处使用“where”引导宾语从句,在从句中作地点状语,表示“你”为you为主语,“学会(语言)”为动词短语pick up为谓语,表示“英语”为your English作宾语,结合句意,从句描述过去行为用一般过去时,所以谓语动词为picked up。故填where you picked up your English。
考点二、表语从句的用法
在主从复合句中,作表语的是一个从句,这个从句就称为表语从句。表语从句可以由连词、连接代词和连接副词引导,并且不能省略。
常用来引导表语从句的词
连词
that,weather
连接代词
what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever等
连接副词
when,where,how,why等
My opinion is that the villager really didn’t understand the policeman.我认为那位村民确实没有理解警察的意思。
that在表语从句中不作成分,没有词义,不可省略,但在口语中有时可省略。
That’s what we should do.这是我们的本分。
what在表语从句中作宾语,不能省略,从句中的语序为陈述语序。
The question is how the tiger got out of the cage.问题是老虎是怎么从笼子里出去的。
how在表语从句中作状语,不能省略,从句中的语序为陈述语序。
That is why they decided to hold a meeting.这就是他们为什么决定要开会的原因。
This is where I met Mary for the first time.这就是我第一次遇见玛丽的地方。
小试牛刀:
6.室内植物看起来好像坐在那儿无所事事, …… (as if)
Indoor plants might look_________________________________, …
【答案】as if they just sit around not doing much
【详解】句中look是系动词,提示词as if(好像)用来引导表语从句,意为“看起来好像”;“坐在那儿”使用动词短语just sit around,“无所事事”可译为 not do much,和逻辑主语they之间是主动关系,使用现在分词作伴随状语;从句主语指代复数名词Indoor plants用they,此处描述现状,用一般现在时。
7.冬青低处枝条上的叶子比高出枝条上的叶子刺多。这是因为动物更容易够得着。
(This is because...)
Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. ________ the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
【答案】This is because
【详解】空处需填“这是因为”的英语表述,陈述客观原因用一般现在时,位于句首,用This is because表示,代词This指代前文提到的全部现象,because引导表语从句说明具体原因,首字母大写。
8.我的建议是我们应该每天练习读英语。
My suggestion is ________________ every day.
【答案】that we (should) practice reading English
【详解】中英文句子对比可知,空处应填“我们应该每天练习读英语”,应用that引导的表语从句,因suggestion表示“建议”,其后表语从句的谓语动词应用虚拟语气,即 (should) + 动词原形;“我们”翻译为we;“练习做某事”应用固定短语practice doing sth.,故“练习读英语”翻译为practice reading English。
9.我想知道的是我能做什么来帮助你学习英语。
What I want to know is ________________ to help with your English.
【答案】what I can do
【详解】考查表语从句。引导表语从句,从句缺少宾语,指物,故用what;主语为I;表示“做”用动词do,且can后跟动词原形。故填what I can do。
10.Jane is no longer ________________ ten years ago.
简再也不是十年前的那个样子了。
【答案】what she was
【详解】考查表语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“(她)十年前的那个样子”;句子为表语从句,从句中“……的样子”用what引导,并在从句中作从句表语;“她”用she作从句主语;“十年前”提示从句时态为一般过去时,be动词用was。故填what she was。
考点三、主语从句的用法
在主从复合句中,作主语的是一个从句,这个从句就称为主语从句。主句从句可以由连词、连接代词或连接副词引导,且不能省略。另外,主句的动词大多用be动词或其他系动词。
常用来引导主语从句的词
连词
that,whether
连接代词
what,whatever,who,whoever等
连接副词
when,where,how,why等
1.由连词引导的主语从句
连词that,whether引导主语从句,在从句中不作任何成分,不能省略。由它们引导的主语从句,多用it作形式主语。
①That she was beautiful was plain to everyone.大家都能看出她很漂亮。
主语从句
②It was plain to everyone that she was beautiful.
形式主语 真正主语(主语从句)
说明:①中that是连词,引导主语从句she was beautiful。that在主句从句中不作任何成分,也没有词义,that不能省略。由that引导的主语从句可改写为由it作形式主语的句子②。
①Whether he’ll come (or not) hasn’t been decided.他是否会来,还没定下来。
主语从句 谓语
②It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come or not.
形式主语 真正主语(主语从句)
③(误)It hasn’t been decided if he’ll come.
(误)If he’ll come hasn’t been decided.
说明:①中whether引导主语从句,whether在从句中不作任何成分,但有含义,意为“是否”,whether不能省略。此句中,因为主句的时态为现在时态,所以主语从句的时态不受主句的限制。由whether引导的主语从句常可改写为②,即一个由it作形式主语的句子。
whether引导主语从句时,不能用if代替,所以③中的两个句子都是错误的。
That women had not had the same opportunities as men in many fields is obvious.
主语从句
显然,过去在许多领域中,妇女没有和男人享有同样的机遇。
Whether she can get that job is still unclear.她是否能得到那份工作尚不清楚。
主语从句
That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
(从句)现在进行时的被动语态 (主句)一般现在时
=It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
形式主语 真正主语(主语从句)
英语正在作为一种国际语言被接受,这是一个事实。
It is my fault that this has happened.发生这事得怪我。
形式主语 真正主语(主语从句)
2.由连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句
连接代词who,which和what,连接副词when,where,how和why以及复合连接代词whatever,whoever等,复合连接副词whenever,wherever等都可引导主语从句,它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语,不能省略。注意,翻译时,不能把它们译为疑问句。
Who will take charge of the task has not been decided.
重要:who是连接代词,引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,不能省略。翻译时不能把它译为疑问句。
=It has not been decided who will take charge of the task.谁来负责这项任务还没有决定。
Which (answer) is right isn’t known to us.
=It isn’t known to us which (answer) is right.哪一个答案是对的我们还不知道。
When we’ll start is not clear.=It is not clear when we’ll start.我们何时出发还不清楚。
Where we’ll spend our holiday hasn’t been decided.我们要去哪里度假还没决定。
How a book will sell depends much on the reviewer.一本书的销售在很大程度上取决于书评作者。(重要:how是连接副词,在主语从句中作状语,不能省略。)
Why he went to London is a mystery.
=It is mysterious why he went to London.他为什么去伦敦是个谜。
比较:由连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句和疑问句不同,主语从句的语序是正常语序(陈述语序)。
疑问句:Why(疑问副词)didn’t he come here?他为什么不来这儿?
主语从句:Why(连接副词)he didn’t come here is not known to us.我们不知道为什么他没来这儿。
what引导的主语从句有时相当于“先行词+that引导的定语从句”,表示一样东西或一件事情。who,whom,which,what可以和ever构成合成词,和what一样引导从句,ever起强调作用。由它们引导的主语从句不能用形式主语it替代,它们在句子中作成分,不能省略,语序为陈述语序。
What he said(主语从句)was perfectly true.
what=the thing that,在从句中作宾语,不能省略,为陈述语序,不能用疑问句语序“What did he say?”。
=The thing that he said was perfectly true.(the thing+that引导的定语从句)他讲的都是事实。
Whoever leaves the office should tell me.
whoever在从句中作主语,不能省略。
=Anyone who leaves the office should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。
Whichever you want is yours.你要哪一个,哪一个就是你的。
whichever在从句中作宾语,不能省略,注意语序。
Whatever I have is yours.我所有的一切都是你的。
whatever在从句中作宾语,不能省略,注意语序。
引导主语从句的连接代词
无论是谁(主)
whoever
=anyone who
=no matter who
无论是谁(宾)
whomever
=anyone whom
=no matter whom
无论是谁的
whosever
=anyone whose
=no matter whose
无论是哪个
whichever
=anything that
=no matter which
无论是什么
whatever
=anything that
=no matter what
小试牛刀:
1.事故的起因是未知的。
________ ________ ________ ________ remains unknown.
【答案】 What caused the accident
【详解】“事故的起因”为what引导的主语从句,what作主语,翻译为What caused the accident,陈述过去的动作,用一般过去时。首字母大写。
2.该公司为何召回新车,目前尚未正式公布。
________ the company recalled the new cars ________ yet.
【答案】 Why has not been officially announced
【详解】根据汉语提示“为何”可知,第一空考查why引导的主语从句,表示原因;根据“尚未正式公布”可知,“公布”用动词announce,为主句的谓语动词,根据yet可知,句子为现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响;且主语和该动词之间为被动关系,所以用现在完成时态的被动语态,句子主语为主语从句,助动词用has,且为否定句,后面加not。
3.任何违法的人都应该被惩罚(break) 。
________ the law should be punished.
【答案】Whoever breaks
【详解】中英文句子对比可知,空处应填“任何违法的人”,应用Whoever引导主语从句,意为“任何……的人”,在从句中作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;“违法”翻译为break the law,因Whoever作主语视为第三人称单数,故break应用第三人称单数形式breaks。
4.他是否适合这份工作,还有待观察。
________________ he is fit for the job.
【答案】It remains to be seen whether
【详解】“有待观察”可以用固定句型It remains to be seen表示,其中it是形式主语;“是否”用连词whether引导主语从句。
5.如何在不破坏自然的前提下刺激当地经济,是个重大挑战。
________ without damaging nature is a big challenge.
【答案】How we can stimulate the local economy
【详解】根据汉语提示可知,空处需要补全“如何刺激当地经济”。句中缺少主语,应用How引导主语从句,表示“如何……”;主语从句需用陈述语序,结合句意从句主语可以用“我们”we,“能够刺激”为can stimulate,为从句的谓语,“当地经济”为the local economy,作宾语。
考点四、同位语从句的用法
在主从复合句中,作同位语的是一个从句,则这个句子就称为同位语从句。同位语从句由连词that和whether、关系代词who和what或关系副词why和how等引导。连词that在同位语从句中不担任任何成分,也没有词义,但是不能省略。从意思上来讲,同位语从句所表达的意思,就是与之同位的名词所表达的意思。
与从句同位的名词通常是表示事实等的抽象名词
answer回答
belief信念
doubt怀疑
fact事实
hope希望
idea想法
news消息
order命令
question问题
reply回答
thought想法
rumour谣言
注意:具体名词,如pen,book等之后不能跟同位语从句。
The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.昨天我们邀请了他,这个主意真是太好了。
The question whether we’ll go to see the film next Monday hasn’t been settled.
说明:whether引导同位语从句,有词义,不作成分,不能省略,也不能用if来代替。
下周一我们是否去看那部电影还未决定。
His question why the sky is blue is difficult to answer.他问为什么天是蓝的,这令人很难回答。
The rumour that there’ll be an earthquake soon spread all over the area.(同位语从句)
说明:that引导的从句是抽象名词rumour的同位语从句,that无词义,不作成分,也不能省略。
将要发生地震的谣言很快就在这一地区传开了。
The rumour is that there’ll be an earthquake.(表语从句)谣言是将要发生地震了。
比较:试比较下面两个句子的正误。
(正)The idea (that) he told me yesterday is good.(定语从句)
(误)The idea is that he told me yesterday.昨天他告诉我的那个主意太好了。
小试牛刀:
1.As we learn more about the universe, we may one day answer the question there is life on other planets. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:随着我们对宇宙了解的增多,我们也许有一天能回答其他星球上是否有生命这个问题。分析句子结构可知,空格后是同位语从句,解释说明“the question”的具体内容,从句结构完整,且表示“是否”的含义,应用连接词whether来引导。故填whether。
2.I have no idea will be in charge of the company. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who
【详解】考查连接代词。句意:我不知道谁将负责这家公司。空处为同位语从句,缺少主语,表示“谁”,用连接代词who。故填who。
3.The news our team won the game made us very excited. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:我们队赢得了比赛这一消息让我们非常兴奋。“______ our team won the game”是对前面名词news内容的具体解释说明,是同位语从句,从句意义完整,不缺少成分,用连词that引导从句。故填that。
4.Astronomers have long held the firm belief there are other livable planets in the vast universe. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查连接词。句意:长期以来,天文学家一直坚信,在浩瀚的宇宙中存在着其他宜居行星。空处引导同位语从句,对名词belief进行解释,从句句意和句子结构完整,连接词为that,that在从句中不充当任何成分。故填that。
5.I have no idea they were able to get it done in so short a time. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】how
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:我不知道他们是如何在这么短的时间内完成这件事的。分析句式结构可知,此处是同位语从句来解释说明idea的具体内容,又因为从句中缺少方式状语,所以用连接副词how引导同位语从句。故填how。
一、单句语法填空
1. we value traditional culture or ignore it will shape our cultural identity in the long run. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Whether
【详解】句意:我们是重视传统文化还是忽视它,从长远来看将会影响我们的文化认同。空处引导主语从句,结合句中的or且空处位于句首,应用whether引导,whether...or...结构用来引出两种对立的情况,表示“是……还是……,不管……还是……”。位于句首大写首字母。
2. he says in his report is really interesting. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【详解】句意:他在报告里所说的内容十分有趣。此处引导主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指代事物,所以此处使用连接代词what,位于句首,首字母需大写。
3. counts now is not to blame others but to make a united effort to solve the problem. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【详解】句意:现在关键不在于指责他人,而在于齐心协力解决这个问题。引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,故用what,首字母大写。
4. your professor expects from this assignment is not perfection, but evidence that you truly engaged with the material. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:你的教授对这份作业的期望,并非完美无缺,而是能证明你真正用心钻研了学习内容。空处引导主语从句,从句缺少宾语,且指代事物,应用连接代词what,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填What。
5. we will go camping depends on the weather. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Whether
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们是否去野营取决于天气。“_____ we will go camping”是主语从句,根据“depends on the weather”可知,主语从句表示“我们是否去野营”,用连接词whether引导从句,其意为“是否”;句首单词首字母大写,故填Whether。
6.It remains to be seen we are wrong in the matter. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们在这件事上是否错了还有待观察。It remains to be seen...是固定句型,表示“……尚待观察/有待证实”,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句。根据句意可知,此处表示“是否”我们在这件事上错了,所以用whether引导主语从句,表示“是否”的意思。故填whether。
7. option is more suitable for our project needs further discussion. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Which
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:哪个选择更适合我们的项目需要进一步讨论。空处引导主语从句,修饰名词option,且表示“哪一”应用连接代词which作引导词。故填Which。
8. we can solve this problem efficiently is the key to the project’s success. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】How
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们如何有效地解决这个问题是该项目成功的关键。空处引导主语从句,从句主要成份完整,但需要“如何”之意,故用连接副词how作引导词。故填How。
9. he suddenly quit his job without any explanation confused his colleagues. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Why
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:他为什么没有任何解释就突然辞职了,这使他的同事们很困惑。空格处引导的是主语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,由without any explanation可知,句子表示“他为什么没有任何解释就突然辞职了”,空格处意为“为什么”,用why引导主语从句,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Why。
10.There are still some doubts she could finish it herself. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【详解】句意:对于她是否能独自完成这件事,仍然有一些疑虑。doubts后是同位语从句,解释说明doubts的具体内容。本空意为“是否”,用whether引导。
11.Tom came back with bad news there would be a test soon. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】句意:汤姆回来时带来了坏消息,说很快就要进行一次测试了。there would be a test soon对news内容进行说明,news后为同位语从句,从句不缺少内容,结构完整,用that引导名词性从句(同位语从句)。
12.The students discussed a question online learning is more effective than traditional classroom learning. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【详解】句意:学生们讨论了一个问题:线上学习是否比传统课堂学习更有效。由a question可知,空处引导同位语从句,解释说明a question的内容,此处表示“线上学习是否比传统课堂学习更有效”,空格处意为“是否”,用whether引导同位语从句。
13.The question will take his place hasn’t been discussed. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:谁接替他的位置的问题还没有讨论。空格处引导同位语从句,从句中缺少主语,由take his place可知,句子表示“谁接替他的位置的问题还没有讨论”,空格处意为“谁”,用who,故填who。
14.There is solid evidence watching 3D movies have some side effects on the viewers. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】how
【详解】考查连接副词。句意:有确凿的证据表明观看3D电影如何对观众产生一些副作用。空格处需要使用连接词引导名词evidence“证据”的同位语从句,说明证据的具体内容。根据句意可知,证据应该是为了证明观看电影如何能产生副作用,故连接副词how“如何”符合句意,在从句中作方式状语。故填how。
15.This is the toy car is beyond the little boy’s reach — no matter how hard he tries to reach for it, he just can’t get it. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】because
【详解】句意:这是因为那个玩具汽车在小男孩够不到的地方——无论他怎么努力去够,都拿不到它。根据句意可知,后半句是在解释前半句的原因,This is because...意为“这是因为……”,because引导表语从句说明原因。
16.Winter is extremely cold for the homeless; this is many people reach out to them by donating warm clothes and hot meals. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】why
【详解】句意:冬天对无家可归的人来说极其寒冷;这就是为什么许多人通过捐赠保暖衣物和热饭来向他们伸出援手。根据句意可知,前半句说明原因,后半句说明结果,所以此处用This is why...句型,意为“这就是为什么……”,why引导表语从句。
17.One traditional belief about television is it reduces a child’s ability to think. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】句意:关于电视的一种传统看法是,它会削弱孩子的思考能力。空处引导表语从句,从句不缺少成分和句意,故用that引导。
18.Traditional festivals tell us we are and fill us with pride in being Chinese. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who
【详解】句意:传统节日告诉我们我们是谁,并让我们为身为中国人而自豪。_____we are是宾语从句,所填词作are的表语,结合主语we可知,连接代词who表示“谁”。
19.These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and carried her through a life of hard choices. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】句意:林巧稚医生的这些话语让我们得以深入了解这位非凡女性的内心世界,以及支撑她走过充满艰难抉择的一生的究竟是什么力量。空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,故用what。
20.I really did not know I should continue correcting him or simply drop the matter. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【详解】句意:我真的不知道我是否应该继续纠正他,还是干脆置之不理。设空处引导宾语从句,whether...or... 为固定搭配,意为“是否……还是……”。
二、完成句子
1.I don’t know .
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
【答案】whether or not the report is true/whether the report is true or not
【详解】考查宾语从句。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“这个报道是否是真的”,“这个报道”是the report,“真的”是true,句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语the report是单数,“是”用is,“是否”是whether or not或whether...or not,引导宾语从句,因此空格处是whether or not the report is true/whether the report is true or not。故填whether or not the report is true/whether the report is true or not。
2.If you ask me (我最喜欢什么体育运动), I would like to say football is my favourite.
【答案】what sport I like best
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:如果你问我最喜欢什么体育运动,我想说足球是我的最爱。根据汉语提示“我最喜欢什么体育运动”可知,此处应用what引导宾语从句,作ask的宾语,且宾语从句应用陈述句语序;从句中用I作主语;表示“最喜欢”用like best,根据主句中的ask可知,本句描述一般事实,句子时态用一般现在时,结合从句主语I可知,like应用原形。表示“什么体育运动”用what sport,作like的宾语。故填what sport I like best。
3.I he will be offered the chance to go abroad.
他是否能获得出国机会,我很怀疑。
【答案】doubt whether/ if
【详解】考查动词和宾语从句。根据从句中will be offered可知,从句使用一般将来时,主句应用一般现在时描述现状的一般情况,“怀疑”应用动词doubt,主语是I,谓语动词使用原形形式,后接宾语从句,从句中不缺成分,且表示“是否”的意思,应用whether或if引导。故填doubt whether/if。
4. his smart phone was out of order.
我联系不上他的原因是他的手机出故障了。
【答案】The reason why I couldn’t reach him was that
【详解】考查从句。根据句意可知,此处意为“我联系不上他的原因是”,故此空应为“主语+谓语动词”。主语为“我联系不上他的原因”,表达为The reason why I couldn’t reach him,why引导定语从句,修饰先行词The reason,why在从句中作原因状语;谓语动词为“是”,故应用be动词,且根据后文was可知,此处应用一般过去时,主语为The reason,为单数,故应用was;根据空后“his smart phone was out of order.”可知,空后为一个完整的句子,故应用that引导表语从句。故填The reason why I couldn’t reach him was that。
5.My advice is .
我的建议是我们应该马上制定一个新计划。
【答案】that we (should)make a new plan at once
【详解】考查表语从句和虚拟语气。本空为表语从句,表示“我们”用we,作主语;表示“马上制定一个新计划”用make a new plan at once,advice的表语从句用虚拟语气,谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略,表语从句不缺少成分或含义,用that引导。故填that we (should)make a new plan at once。
6.His accent at once betrayed the fact .
他的口音立刻暴露出他是一个外国人。
【答案】that he was a foreigner
【详解】考查同位语从句。根据汉语句子可知,设空处对应“他是一个外国人”,在英语句子中作“the fact”的同位语从句,“他”用“he”表达,“是”用be动词,与主句保持时态一致,这里用一般过去时,即“was”;“一个外国人”用名词短语“a foreigner”表达,从句成份和意义都完整,应用连接词that引导。故填that he was a foreigner。
7.我认为,我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。
I hold the opinion .
【答案】that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty
【详解】考查同位语从句。根据句意,此处用“我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难”对名词opinion解释说明,所以该句为同位语从句,表示“我们”为we作从句主语,表示“应该去做某事”为should go to do something,表示“帮助他们做某事”为help them (to) do sth.,表示“克服目前的困难”为overcome the present difficulty,所以“我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难”为we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty,从句中不缺句子成分,且句意完整,所以此处使用连接词that引导同位语从句。故填that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty。
8.有消息说我们学校将会举办一次以中国传统习俗为主题的班会。
Word came whose topic is related to Chinese traditional customs.
【答案】that our school is going to hold a class meeting
【详解】考查同位语从句、固定短语、时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“我们学校将会举办一次班会”,是对名词Word内容的说明,可处理为同位从句,用连词that引导,从句主语“我们学校”用our school,“将会举办”用be going to hold表示,用is going to hold表示计划将要做的事情,宾语“一次班会”用a class meeting。故填that our school is going to hold a class meeting。
9. made me feel confused.
作者写的东西让我感到困惑。
【答案】What the author wrote
【详解】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,“______________ made me feel confused”中,made是谓语,me是宾语,feel confused是宾语补足语,句子缺少主语。根据中文提示“作者写的东西”可知,应用主语从句来作主语,“作者写的东西”用what在主语从句中作wrote的宾语,同时引导主语从句,句子首字母需大写;表示“作者”用名词the author,作从句主语;且根据made可知,应用一般过去时,从句谓语动词write应用过去式wrote。故填What the author wrote。
10.It remains to be seen .
他是否胜任这项工作还有待观察。
【答案】whether he will be qualified for the job
【详解】考查主语从句。It remains to be seen... (有待观察……),it是形式主语,真正主语是该空引导的主语从句,中文部分“是否”对应英文whether,从句主语“他”为he,“胜任”为be qualified for,“这项工作”为the job,结合“有待观察”可知从句时态用一般将来时。故填whether he will be qualified for the job。
一、语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a foreign visitor to China, I once only knew Hangzhou from books and online videos. However, a recent trip gave me a new view, telling me 1 perfectly nature and civilization combine in this ancient city.
To enjoy local culture in person, I found the great wisdom and creativity 2 (hide) behind every bridge and lake scene were absolutely impressive, passing down beauty for centuries. It hit me that West Lake is not just a lake, 3 a symbol of peace and harmony.
Wandering along the lake in the evening, I 4 (bring) into a peaceful world with gentle wind, shining lights and quiet paths. Walking around the old streets, 5 old houses stand beside modern shops, I sensed the endless charm of Hangzhou. A tour to Lingyin Temple was even 6 (amaze) . Standing among old trees, I imagined the people 7 (pray) here in ancient times.
Hangzhou fully lives up to its reputation 8 a paradise on earth, from historic attractions to modern streets, quiet lakes to lively local life. This journey was a meaningful 9 (discover) of China’s perfect balance of old and new. I built a stronger love for Chinese culture. A trip to Hangzhou is never just a travel experience, but a purification (净化) of one’s 10 (spirit) mind.
【答案】
1.how 2.hidden 3.but 4.was brought 5.where 6.more amazing 7.praying 8.as 9.discovery 10.spiritual
【导语】本文通过外国游客视角描述杭州之行,展现西湖、古街、灵隐寺等景点的自然与人文融合,强调杭州“人间天堂”的传统与现代平衡,体现旅行者对中华文化的情感共鸣与精神净化。
【详解】1.考查宾语从句。句意:然而,一次最近的旅行让我有了新的视角,让我明白在这座古老城市中,自然与文明是如何完美融合的。此处宾语从句中缺方式状语,表示“自然与文明如何结合”,用how。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了亲身感受当地文化,我发现每座桥梁和湖泊景致背后都蕴藏着非凡的智慧与创造力,这些美已传承了数个世纪。此处hide与wisdom and creativity构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。
3.考查固定句型。句意:我意识到西湖不仅仅是一片湖泊,更是一个和平与和谐的象征。句型not just…but…表示“不仅……而且……”。
4.考查时态语态。句意:傍晚时分,我漫步在湖边,被柔和的微风、闪烁的灯光和静谧的小径带入了一个宁静的世界。主语I与谓语过程被动关系,且发生在过去用一般过去时的被动语态,be动词用was。
5.考查定语从句。句意:漫步在古老的街道上,老房子与现代商店并肩而立,我感受到了杭州无穷的魅力。非限制性定语从句,先行词streets表地点,用where引导。
6.考查比较级。句意:参观灵隐寺的旅程更加令人惊叹。作表语,结合上文even可知为比较级more amazing。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:站在古老的树木之间,我想象着古人在这里祈祷。短语imagine sb. doing表示“想象某人做某事”。
8.考查介词。句意:杭州完全配得上“人间天堂”的美誉,从历史名胜到现代街区,从宁静的湖泊到热闹的本地生活,应有尽有。空后接名词,表示“作为”用介词as。
9.考查名词。句意:这段旅程是一次有意义的发现,展现了中国新旧交融的完美平衡。根据上文不定冠词可知用单数名词discovery,作表语。
10.考查形容词。句意:杭州之行不仅仅是一次旅行体验,更是一次心灵的净化。修饰名词mind用形容词spiritual,作定语。
二、阅读理解
Let’s Explore Nature!
The summer holiday is coming! Do you want to have a wonderful and meaningful vacation? If you are interested in animals and nature, come and join us!
Youth Explorer has prepared you with a three-day summer programme! You can take part in many activities and meet animals — lions, monkeys, tigers and so on! More information about the programme is as follows:
Age: Students aged 10 to 15
Group: Two programmes for you to choose from. Each group needs at most 15 students.
Programme A
Programme B
Dates: 15 — 17 July
Dates: 6 — 8 August
Days: Monday to Wednesday
Days: Tuesday to Thursday
Time: 9:30 a.m. — 4:00 p.m.
Time: 9:30 a.m. — 4:00 p.m.
Programme cost: $200 for members; $230 for non-members.
How to do: Simply come to our centre to get an application form (申请表).Send your completed form to us before July 10th.
Notes:
*No free lunches are offered. You may either bring a box lunch or pay for lunch at our restaurants.
*Both programmes will start 1 DAY later if there is a warning of rainstorms.
11.What animals can you see in the summer programme?
A.Monkeys. B.Pandas.
C.Foxes. D.Elephants.
12.Who can join the three-day summer programme?
A.Children under 6. B.Students over 16.
C.Children aged 7—9. D.Students aged 12—14.
13.How much should one member and two non-members pay for the programme?
A.$600. B.$630.
C.$660. D.$700.
【答案】11.A 12.D 13.C
【导语】主要介绍一项为期三天的自然探索暑期活动,包含参与年龄、场次、费用及相关注意事项。
【详解】11.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You can take part in many activities and meet animals — lions, monkeys, tigers and so on.(你可以参加各类活动,还能见到狮子、猴子、老虎等动物。)”可知,活动中可以看到猴子。
12.细节理解题。根据第三段“Age: Students aged 10 to 15(年龄:10至15岁的学生)”可知,12至14岁的学生符合报名要求。
13.细节理解题。根据表格下面内容“Programme cost: $200 for members; $230 for non-members.(活动费用:会员每人200美元;非会员每人230美元。)”可知,一名会员加两名非会员一共需要花费200 + 230 × 2 = 660美元。
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