衔接点18 状语从句（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点18 状语从句 初中视角 高中展望 初中简单学习时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式状语从句 高中考查更复杂的用法，以及九种状语从句一些特殊结构、在复合句中起状语的作用。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1 时间、地点、原因状语从句 1．Jack’s mother was so tired. She fell asleep ________ she lay down on the bed. A．until B．as soon as C．unless D．as long as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杰克的妈妈太累了。她一躺在床上就睡着了。 until直到；as soon as一…… 就……；unless除非；as long as只要。as soon as 是引导时间状语从句的常用连词，意思是 “一…… 就……”，强调两个动作几乎同时发生。结合句意“躺下”和“睡着”是紧接着发生的动作，所以用它最贴切。 2．I didn’t know how special the traditional food was ________ I made it with my own hands. A．because B．until C．if D．since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：直到我亲手制作这种传统食物，我才知道它有多特别。 because因为；until直到……为止；if如果；since自从。根据“I didn’t know”可知是否定句，结合语境可知考查固定搭配“not ... until ...”，意为“直到……才……”，符合语境。 3．Keeping a reading diary is useful ________ it helps me understand the ideas better. A．because B．though C．until D．unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：写阅读日记是有用的，因为它帮助我更好地理解观点。 because因为；though虽然；until直到；unless除非。根据“it helps me understand the ideas better”可知，后半句解释了写阅读日记有用的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。 4．________ you have finished your homework, you can go out to relax for a while. A．Unless B．Since C．Though D．Until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：既然你已经完成了作业，你可以出去放松一会儿。 Unless除非；Since既然；Though虽然；Until直到。根据“you have finished your homework, you can go out to relax for a while.”可知，前后句是因果关系，表示“既然”完成了作业，就可以出去放松，应填Since。 5．After the war, a new school was put up ________ there had once been a theater. A．that B．where C．which D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：战争后一所新的学校在以前那里是个剧院的地方建立起来。 考查状语从句。that引导从句无意义；where哪里，引导地点状语从句；which哪一个；when何时。分析句子可知横线上的词在句中作地点状语。故选B。 考点2 条件、目的、结果状语从句 6．We’ll be halfway to solving the problem ________ we share our problems with each other. A．unless B．because C．though D．if 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果我们彼此分享问题，我们将会解决一半。 前文是结果，表明后文是达成该结果的条件，if 引导条件状语从句。unless“除非”、because“因为”、though“虽然”均不符合逻辑。 7．—Could you tell me how to improve my English writing? —________ you keep writing diaries in English, you’ll make progress little by little. A．As long as B．Even though C．As if D．So that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我如何提高英语写作吗？——只要你坚持用英语写日记，你就会一点一点进步。 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导条件状语从句。根据语境可知，前后句是条件关系，表示“只要”坚持写日记，就会进步。As long as引导条件状语从句，符合语境。故选A。 8．China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong Space Station ________ they can work together. A．although B．if C．until D．so that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：中国欢迎外国宇航员来到天宫空间站，以便他们能一起工作。 although尽管；if如果；until直到；so that以便。根据句意可知，欢迎外国宇航员的目的是“以便”他们能一起工作，此处表示目的，应填so that。 9．—Take an umbrella with you ________ it rains later,Tom. —Why? Is it supposed to rain today? A．so that B．even if C．in case D．as though 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤姆，带上伞，以防晚些时候下雨。——为什么？今天应该会下雨吗？ so that为了，以便； even if即使，虽然；in case以防，万一；as though好像。根据语境，带伞是为了预防“下雨”这一可能发生的情况。应填in case。 10．The volunteer teacher told us ________ touching stories about rural students ________ almost everyone in the classroom was deeply moved. A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．as; as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位志愿者老师给我们讲了如此感人的关于农村学生的故事，以至于教室里几乎每个人都被深深感动了。 so; that如此……以至于……；such; that如此……以至于……；too; to太……而不能……；as; as和……一样……。根据空后“touching stories”可知，中心词是名词 stories，且后半句是完整的从句表示结果，应用such...that结构。 考点3 让步、比较和方式状语从句 11．—Dad, I failed in math again ________ I worked hard at it. —Never lose heart. Keep on and success will belong to you. A．if B．unless C．though D．because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我数学又不及格了，虽然我努力学习了。——别灰心。坚持下去，成功会属于你。 if如果；unless除非；though虽然；because因为。根据“I failed in Maths again”与“I worked hard at it”可知，前后句意存在转折让步关系，即努力了却仍失败，though引导让步状语从句。 12．The brave ant kept moving forward ________ it met heavy rain on its way home. A．even if B．so that C．because D．unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这只勇敢的蚂蚁继续前进，即使回家路上遇到了大雨。    even if即使；so that以便；because因为；unless除非。根据语境，“kept moving forward”与“met heavy rain”之间存在让步关系，即“遇到大雨”并未阻止它前进，故用even if。 13．Peter never does his homework _______ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A．so careful as B．as carefully as C．carefully as D．as careful as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：彼得做作业从来不和玛丽一样认真。他犯了很多错误。 考查副词原级。as…as“和……一样”，表示同级比较，中间加形容词或副词原级，此处应用副词carefully修饰动词does。故选B。 14．—The doctor told me not to eat too much meat. —He is right.___ you eat,___ you will be. A．The less; the healthier B．The less; the more healthier C．The more; the healthier D．The more; the more healthier 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——医生告诉我不要吃太多肉。——他是对的。你吃的越少，你就会越健康。 考查固定句型。the less越少；the more越多；the healthier越健康；the more healthier错误用法。此句是the more…the more…句型，表示“越……就越……”，the后接形容词比较级。healthy的比较级为healthier，排除B和D。根据问句可知“医生告诉我不要吃太多肉。”答语的He is right.“他说的对。”可知you eat省略的是meat，故用the less。故选A。 15．The scientist explained the difficult knowledge about space to children ________ it were a funny story, making them fall in love with science. A．in case B．even though C．now that D．as if 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这位科学家向孩子们解释难懂的太空知识，好像它是一个有趣的故事一样，使他们爱上了科学。 in case以免；even though即使；now that既然；as if好像。根据从句中“it were a funny story”使用了虚拟语气were，可知此处表示“仿佛、好像”之意，科学家将知识比喻成故事，as if引导方式状语从句符合语境。所以选D。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。根据意义上的不同，状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等。 考点清单 考点一、时间、地点、比较状语从句 ▇ 一、时间状语从句 时间状语从句常用的引导词 before在……之前 directly一……就…… by the time截至…… after在……之后 since自……以来 till/until直到…… when/while/as当……的时候 each time/every time每次 the moment立刻，马上 once一旦……就… as soon as一……就…… imediately/instantly一……就…… hardly...when...一……就…… no sooner...than...一……就…… whenever/no matter when无论何时 1.before 句型：It is/was (not)+时间+before+从句 It will (not) be+时间+before+从句 It was one year before he finished his work.过了一年他才完成了他的工作。 It was not long before he finished his work.过了不久，他就完成了他的工作。 It will be three weeks before he finishes his work.要过3周，他才能完成他的工作。 It won’t be long before he finishes his work.用不了多久，他就会完成他的工作。 2.by the time by the time的意思是“截至……（时间）”，可以引导时间状语从句。by the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。 By the time you receive this letter,I will have left this city for my hometown. 你收到这封信时，我将已经离开这座城市回家乡了。 She had finished cleaning by the time I arrived.在我到达之前，她就已打扫完卫生了。 3.once once作连词引导时间状语从句时，意思是“一旦……就……”。 Once you understand the rules of the game,you’ll enjoy it. 一旦你了解了这个游戏的规则，你就会喜欢它。 Once (it is) found,any mistake must be corrected.一旦发现任何错误就必须加以改正。 4.as soon as和no sooner...than等 as soon as，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when/before，immediately，directly等连词及连词短语的意思都是“一……就……”。当主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时。no sooner...than，hardly...when/before，scarcely...when/before等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。 He will be set free as soon as the fine is paid.只要交了罚款，他就会被释放。 The fans cried as soon as they saw the movie star.追星族们一看见这位影星就喊了起来。 As soon as I got home,it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下起雨来了。 Immediately she had gone,I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。 =The fans had no sooner seen the movie star than they cried. =The fans had hardly seen the movie star when they cried. =The fans had scarcely seen the movie star when they cried. =No sooner had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Hardly had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Scarcely had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. 重要：“一……就……”还可以用the moment表示，这句话还可以转换为： The moment I got home,it began to rain. =I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. =I had hardly got home when/before it began to rain. =I had scarcely got home when/before it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when/before it began to rain. =Scarcely had I got home when/before it began to rain. 补充：“on+名词/doing”结构也相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 Please report to reception o`到达后请立即到接待处报到。 On arriving home,he discovered they had gone.他一到家就发现他们已经走了。 5.whenever和no matter when等 whenever相当于no matter when，意思是“无论什么时候”；every time/each time的意思是“每次”。 Whenever I visited him,he was not at home.我无论何时拜访他，他都不在家。 =No matter when I visited him,he was not at home. Whenever I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home.每次到天津我都要去拜访我的老师。 =No matter when I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home. =I call at my teacher’s home each time I come up to Tianjin. Whenever I see this picture,I think of my hometown. 无论什么时候我看到这幅图片，我都会想起我的家乡。 =No matter when I see this picture,I think of my hometown. =Each/Every time I see this picture,I think of my hometown. ▇ 二、 地点状语从句 地点状语从句一般由where，wherever（相当于no matter where）引导。（前面没有相关标示地点的名词，如place） 1.where where作连词引导地点状语从句时，意思是“在/向……的地方”。 You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 Where they went, they were warmly welcomed.他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。 2.wherever wherever相当于no matter where，意思是“无论到哪里，无论在哪里”。wherever引导的地点状语从句多位于句首。 Wherever he goes,he always takes a notebook with him.无论走到哪里，他总是带着一个笔记本。 Wherever he may be,he will be happy.无论在什么地方，他都会快乐的。 =No matter where he may be,he will be happy. ▇ 三、 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由 as…as（和…… 一样）、not as/so…as（与…… 不一样）、than（比）、the more…, the more…（越…… 越……）引导，有原级、比较级、最高级不同表达形式，如原级用 as...as，not so/as...as；比较级用 more...than；最高级用 the most...in/of... 。 原级 比较级 最高级 as...as，not so/as...as more...than the most...in/of... 几种常见情况及示例 1.more...than和the more...of... 句型：more...than ……比……更…… the more...of...（两者之中）比较……的 This film is more moving than that one.这部电影比那部电影感人。 This film is the more moving of the two films.这部电影是这两部电影中比较感人的。 This film is the most moving of the three.这部电影是这3部电影中最感人的。 2.“no+比较级+than”和“not+比较级+than” 句型：no+形容词/副词比较级+than（与……一样不）对两者的否定，用于两者比较。 句型：not+形容词/副词比较级+than（不像/不如……一样）表示程度上的差异，是普通的比较级结构。 She is no more diligent than her sisters. =Neither she nor her sisters are diligent.她们姐妹几个都不勤奋。 She is not more diligent than her sisters. =She is not as diligent as her sisters.她不如她的几个姐妹勤奋。 3.表示倍数的常用句型 句型：A+基数词+times as+形容词/副词原级+as+B A是B的几倍 This room is three times as large as that one.这间屋子是那间屋子的3倍大。 This red box is half as large as the blue one.这个红色盒子是那个蓝色盒子的一半大。 句型：A+基数词+times+名词/代词+of+B A是B的几倍 The age of my grandpa is four times the age of mine. =The age of my grandpa is four times that of mine. =My grandpa is four times as old as I.我爷爷的年龄是我的4倍。 句型：A+基数词+times+比较级+than+B A比B大（小，长……）几倍 This hole is five times deeper than that one.这个洞比那个洞深5倍。 =This hole is six times as deep as that one. =This hole is six times the depth of that one.这个洞是那个洞的6倍深。 小试牛刀： 1．Friends, which ran for ten seasons from 1994 to 2004, has not become any less popular it went off the air. 【答案】after 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：《老友记》从1994年到2004年一共播出了十季，停播后人气丝毫未减。分析句子结构可知，本空引导时间状语从句，结合语境可知，用连词after“在……以后”引导。故填after。 2．Tim got emotional during his event in New York City Tuesday night recalling his recent conversation with dad. 【答案】when 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：周二晚上，Tim在纽约市的活动中回忆起他最近与父亲的谈话时情绪激动。结合句意可知，此处指“当他在回忆起他最近与父亲的谈话时”，用when引导时间状语从句，当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词，完整从句为when he was recalling his recent conversation with dad.故填when。 3．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. 【答案】until 【详解】考查连词。句意：这个小男孩直到买了他想要的东西才离开商店。not…until…“直到……才……”是固定句型，符合句意，故用until引导时间状语从句。故填until。 4． my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, something fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. 【答案】While/When/As 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：在我的兄弟姐妹和我在成长的过程中，我总是感觉到我的生活中缺少了一些东西，一些关于我身份的基本东西，我是谁，我来自哪里。分析可知，设空处引导的时间状语从句，可以用While/When/As连接，故填While/When/As。 5．However, the most amazing thing happened. the reality of the crisis sank in, it brought out the best in us. 【答案】As/When 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：然而，最令人惊奇的事情发生了。随着危机的现实逐渐深入人心，它激发了我们最好的一面。根据句意可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着……/当……”，应用连词as/when引导从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填As/When。 6．I wish my house would be built we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers. 【答案】where 【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：我希望我的房子能建在我们可以欣赏山水美景的地方。分析句子可知，句子缺少built后面的地点状语，空处应用where引导地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”。故填where。 7．Mr. Brown said firmly, “I knew I had to go the people were suffering.” 【答案】wherever/where 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：布朗先生坚定地说：“我知道我必须去人们受苦的地方。”分析句子可知，空处引导地点状语从句，用where或wherever引导，故填where/wherever。 8．I have never seen as beautiful a place you have talked. 【答案】as 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我从未见过像你说的那样美丽的地方。表示“和……一样”为as...as...，引导比较状语从句。故填as。 9．By starting, you get the juices flowing, allowing you to get more done you anticipated. 【答案】than 【详解】考查连词。句意：一开始，你就有了动力，让你做得比预期的更多。根据句意可知，此处应用than引导比较状语从句。故填than。 10．Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not so funny they think they are? 【答案】as 【详解】考查连词。句意：是外国人不懂英式幽默，还是英国人真的不像他们自己认为的那样有趣？根据“just not so funny”和“they think they are”可知此处要用连词，短语so...as...意为“与……一样”。故填as。 考点二、原因、条件、方式状语从句 ▇一、原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because（因为）, as（由于，因为）, since, now that, when（既然）, considering that（考虑到）, seeing that（由于，鉴于）, in that（因为）等。 原因状语从句常用的引导词 because因为 since既然 now that既然 as由于 seeing (that)由于，因为，鉴于 considering (that)考虑到，鉴于 1.because because的意思是“因为”，表示直接原因，语气最重，常用来回答why（为什么）引导的特殊疑问句。 A:Why were you late for school this morning?你今天早晨上学为什么迟到了？ B:Because I got up late.因为我起床晚了。 I want to do it myself because I like it.我想亲自做这件事，因为我喜欢它。 （正）He is disappointed because he failed again.因为他又失败了，所以他感到失望。 （误）So he is disappointed because he failed again. 切记：尽管在汉语中“因为……，所以……”常一起使用，但在英语中because不能和so连用。 The museum won’t be open this week because it is under repairs. 博物馆本周不开放，因为他正在修缮中。 2.since since的意思是“既然”，表示对方已知道的事实和理由，语气比because弱。 Since you’re not interested,I won’t tell you about.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。 Since no one is against it,we’ll pass it.既然没人反对，那我们就通过了。 Since you can’t answer the question,I’ll ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题，那我就问别人了。 3.as as的意思是“由于”，表示较为明显的原因，语气较弱。 As it is snowing,you’d better take a taxi.下雪了，你最好乘出租车。 As you request it,I will come.由于你的要求，所以我会来。（语气较缓和） =I’ll come because you request it.（语气很强） As she had no car,she stayed at home.她因为没车而留在家里。（语气较缓和） =She stayed at home because she had no car.（语气很强） 比较：because，since，as和for的区别 都可译为“因为”，但在语气上，because最重，其次是since，as，for。 because，since，as都是从属连词。而for是一个并列连词，用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由，for引导的并列句，一般放在所要说明的句子的后面。 because引导的原因状语从句一般放主句后面，也可放主句前面；since和as引导的从句则通常位于句首；for不能位于句首，只能置于句中，且前面要用逗号与前一分句分开。 I went to see him,for I had something to tell him.我去见他，因为我有事要告诉他。 4.now what，seeing that和considering that now that的意思是“既然”，seeing that的意思是“由于，因为，鉴于”，considering that的意思是“考虑到，鉴于”。 Now that they have taken matters into their hands,the pace of events has quickened. 他们既然已着手自己来处理问题，事态的进展也就加快了。 Now that you are a man,you must not do such a thing.既然你是个男子汉，就不要做这样的事了。 Now that you are well,you can work.既然你已经好了，你可以工作了。 Seeing that he’s been off sick all week,he is unlikely to come today. 由于他请病假整整一周了，所以今天不太可能来。 She knows quite a lot about it,considering (that) she is very young. 鉴于她年龄小，她懂得的已经很多了。 ▇二、条件状语从句 条件状语从句引导词：if（注意主将从现）, unless=if not, providing/provided that=if, as (so) long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, 条件状语从句可以位于主句前面或后面。 条件状语从句常用的引导词 in case万一 unless除非 as/so long as只要 if如果 provided (that)如果 providing (that)如果 suppose (that)如果 supposing (that)如果 on condition (that)如果 1.if和unless if的意思是“如果”。unless的意思则是“除非……；如果不……”，相当于if...not...，有时二者可以换用。 If you have any questions or comments,you can voice them now. 你们如果有任何疑问或意见，可以现在提出。 If you don’t eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 如果你不吃肉，那这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 =Unless you eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 除非你吃肉，否则这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 2.in case in case的意思是“万一，以防”，常用来引导条件状语从句。 Take a coat in case the weather turns old.带上一件外衣吧，以防天气转冷了。 Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.坐出租车去，免得开会迟到。 3.as long as和so long as as long as和so long as的意思都是“只要”。 I’m sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care.我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。 As/So long as we don’t lose heart,we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的办法。 You can go to see the film as/so long as you arrive at the cinema on time.你可以去看这场电影，只要你能按时到达电影院。 ▇三、方式状语从句 方式状语从句一般由as（正如；按照）, as if/as though（好像）, the way等引导。 1.as 和just as引导方式状语从句 这两个连词的意思是“如…，犹如…，正如…”（in the same manner that）。just as 比as的强调性更强。 You must do everything as I do.你们要照我这样去做。 Just as the water is the most important of liquids, air is the most important gases. 正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样，空气是气体中最重要的一种。 2.as if 和as though引导方式状语从句 as if 和as though意为“好像、仿佛”可以用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况；也可以用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况。 He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg. 他走得很慢，好像腿受了伤。 She speaks English as if she were a native speaker.她讲英语俨然像专家。 注意：在It looks as if...,It seems as if...句型中常用陈述语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨。 3.the way引导方式状语从句 the way它的作用相当于the manner，后面的引导词常用that引导方式状语，而且经常省略。此时，一般不用in which引导。 We didn't like the way that he treated us. 我不喜欢他对待我们的方式。 小试牛刀： 1．The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space they do from the earth. 【答案】as 【详解】考查连词。句意：正因为没有空，所以星星在太空中不像地球上看它们时那样闪闪发亮。分析句子可知，空处为连词as，表示“像”，引导方式状语从句。故填as。 2．Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind they had just happened. 【答案】 as if/though 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：童年的每一件事都涌上我的心头，好像刚刚发生似的。童年的事情不可能是刚刚发生，因此句子是虚拟语气，空格处意为“好像，似乎”，是固定短语as if/as though。故填as，if/though。 3．They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life you are. 【答案】as 【详解】考查连词。句意：他们在生活中面临着和你一样的挑战和问题。the same… as…意为“与……一样/同样”，as是连词引导的方式状语从句，意为“像，正如”，后接省略句you are。故填as。 4．I’d be grateful you could take care of my baby. 【答案】if 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：如果你能照顾我的孩子，我会很感激的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示的是条件，意为“如果”符合句意。故填if。 5． an earthquake happens, the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control center and then ordinary people’s smartphones. 【答案】When/Once/If/After 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：当/如果/一旦/地震发生时（地震发生后），传感器可以向控制中心发送电脉冲，然后发送到普通人的智能手机上。由“the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control center and then ordinary people’s smartphones”可知，句子表示“当/如果/一旦/地震发生时（地震发生后），传感器可以向控制中心发送电脉冲，然后发送到普通人的智能手机上”，空格处意为“当/一旦/如果/在……之后”，需用when/once/if/after，when/after引导时间状语从句，once/if引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When/Once/If/After。 6．You can write anything relevant long as it’s interesting. 【答案】as 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：你可以写任何相关的东西，只要有趣就行。根据“long as it’s interesting”以及空前为肯定句可推知，此处用固定短语as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。故填as。 7．A small car is big enough for a family of three you need more space for baggage. 【答案】unless 【详解】考查连词。句意：一辆小车对一个三口之家来说足够大了，除非你需要更大的空间放行李。根据句意可知，此处应用连词unless“除非，如果不”引导条件状语从句。故填unless。 8． you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the same place where we met last time. 【答案】Unless 【详解】考查连词。句意：除非你打电话告诉我你不来了，否则我们就在上次见面的地方见。由“you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the same place where we met last time”可知，句子表示“除非你打电话告诉我你不来了，否则我们就在上次见面的地方见”，空格处意为“除非”，用unless，引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Unless。 9． you are addicted to computer games, it’s hard for you to focus your mind on your study. 【答案】Once/If 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：一旦/如果你沉迷于电脑游戏，你就很难集中精力学习。根据句意，“沉迷于电脑游戏”是“难集中精力学习”的条件，用从属连词once或者if引导条件状语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填Once或If。 10．Many students lost marks in the exam simply they didn’t read the questions carefully. 【答案】because 【详解】考查连词。句意：许多学生在考试中简单地丢了分，因为他们没有仔细阅读问题。分析句子结构和意思可知，两个句子之间是因果关系，第二句是原因，故用连词because。故填because。 考点三、让步、结果、目的状语从句 ▇一、让步状语从句 让步状语从句由though，although，as，even if (though)，however，whatever，whoever，whenever，no matter +wh词，等引导。 让步状语从句常用的引导词 though/although虽然 no matter+疑问词（who/what/when/which/where/how）无论 even if/even though即使 whoever/whatever/whenever/whichever/wherever/however无论 1.even if, even though, although，though引导的让步状语从句 这四个词（词组）都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思。even if和even though带有较强的意味，语气比although和though强。though比although通俗，但不如although正式,都不能和but连用，但可以和yet, still或nevertheless连用。可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。even if，even though所接的句子常用虚拟语气。 Although journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher. 虽然新闻业好像是一个很好的职业，但是我更喜欢当老师。 Although he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read. 虽然有人认为他是一个大作家，但是他的作品读得并不广泛。 We won’t give up even if we should fail ten times. 即使是我们失败十次，我们也不会放弃。 He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. 尽管他很忙，他可能给了你更多的帮助。 2.as或though引导让步状语从句（高二讲解部分倒装时会更好地掌握） 形容词 + as/though+ 主语+谓语 副词 动词 名词 (1).由as或though引导让步状语从句用倒装语序 Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John. 我虽然取得地方多，但是我从来没见过像约翰这么能干的人。 (2).如果表语为单数可数名词，这个名词不带冠词 12-year-old girl as she is, she has had a good command of English.她虽然只是个12岁的女孩，但是她已经熟知英语。 Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他还是个孩子，却懂的很多。 (3).如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词，则将实意动词放在as之前 Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。 Praised as he was, he remained modest.他虽然受到表扬，但仍然保持着谦虚。 (4).如果句中谓语仅有实意动词，则将实意动词（原形）放在as之前，并在主语后面加助动词do, does, did或will。 Torture her as they did, the enemy got nothing out of her.虽然敌人拷打她，却没有能从她嘴里得到什么。 Fail as he did, he would never give up.尽管他失败了，但他决不会放弃。 注意：如果在这种情况下，句中谓语有副词修饰，则将副词放在as之前。 Again and again as he failed, he didn't lose heart.他虽然多次失败，但仍不灰心丧气。 Much as I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但是我认为他这样做是不明智的。 总结：倒装是把表语提前；没有表语时，将状语提前；没有状语时，将部分谓语提前 3.由no matter+ wh词和由疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句 由no matter引导，表示“不管；无论”；由疑问词＋ever引导，表示“不管，不论”。这类词有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however， whenever，wherever等,他们相当于no matter+ what（which，who，how，when， where），都不能与but，so，and等并列连词同时使用。 We’ll have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes. No matter what(Whatever) you do, don't tell him that I told you this. No matter how pure the water looks, I prefer not to drink it. No matter where (Wherever) you go, I would keep you company. 4.由whether...or...引导让步状语从句 由whether...or...引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”，提供两种对比的情况。 I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不论你和我一起来还是留在家中，我都要前往。 ▇二、结果状语从句 1.so…that..., such…that...引导结果状语从句 So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again. He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep. 2.so…that...与such…that...的区别 这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。 (1).单数名词 在so...that与such...that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+ a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。 (2).不可数名词或复数可数名词 如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such...that。 He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词) They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读。(复数可数名词) (3).名词前有many, much, little, few修饰时 如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。 I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一块紫一块的。 George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。 They are such little children that they can’t do anything.他们是小孩，什么事情都干不了。 ▇三、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that, in order that, in case, for fear that等。 1.so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may、might、can、could、will, would等。 John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。 These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些。 2.lest, for fear that和in case引导目的状语从句 这三个连词词组的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。 I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得顺着她，免得她生气。 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 小试牛刀： 1．No matter we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones with all sorts of communication software. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论我们在哪里，我们都可以通过各种通信软件与亲人保持联系。结合句意可知，此处指“无论我们在哪里”，使用no matter where引导让步状语从句，故填where。 2．Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life no matter the future holds. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不管未来怎样，简都决心过充实的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，从句中缺少宾语，根据句意表达“不管未来怎样”之意，用no matter what引导。故填what。 3．I don’t think I can afford them I like the color. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】although/though 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我喜欢这种颜色，但我觉得我买不起。根据句意可知，空处应填连词although/though“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。故填although/though。 4．Weak I am in English for the moment, I am confident that I can catch up. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然目前我的英语很差，但我有信心能赶上来。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”且为倒装句，应用as或though。故填as/though。 5．We students should always manage to spare some time to exercise, busy we are. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】however 【详解】考查连接副词。句意：我们学生应该总是设法抽出一些时间来锻炼，不管我们多么忙。根据句意可知，空格后的部分是让步状语从句，由空格后的形容词busy可知，表示“不管多么”应该用连接副词however引导从句。故填however。 6． technology is used to help us, we should not allow it to take over our lives. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Though/Although/While 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然技术是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它接管我们的生活。分析句子可知，逗号前后是让步转折关系，所以空格处应该用连词though/although/while引导让步状语从句。故填Though/Although/While。 7．Hard she tries, she can hardly avoid mistakes in her homework. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查连词。句意：尽管她努力尝试，但她还是很难避免作业中的错误。根据语境可知，空处需要连词as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。as引导让步状语从句时，从句可用部分倒装的结构，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形提到as之前。本句话是把状语hard提到了as的前面。故填as。 8．The Great Wall is well-­known a tourist attraction that lots of tourists visit it every year. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】so 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：长城是一个如此闻名的旅游景点，每年都有很多游客来参观。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是结果状语从句：so+adj.+名词+ that …，意为“如此……，以至于……”。故填so。 9．I developed a strong interest in stage design that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】such 【详解】考查连词。句意：我对舞台设计产生了如此强烈的兴趣，以至于我意识到我想用我余生的时间来做这件事。分析句子结构，本句使用了“such a +名词+that”结构，表示“如此……的……”，符合句意，故填such。 10．The teacher thinks we’re so smart we ought to have no trouble learning it.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：老师认为我们很聪明，学习它应该不会有困难。结合语意可知，此处表示我们如此聪明，结果是学习应该不会有困难，所以空处应用that引导结果状语从句，so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 一、单句语法填空 1．Only we learn to live in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：只有当我们学会与自然和谐共处时，我们才能停止对野生动物和我们星球的威胁。根据句子结构和语义，此处需要填入连词when，构成Only when“只有当……时候”引导的倒装句。 2．So he thought, and he felt himself going he started; I will try it once again. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】before 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：于是他这样想，并且在行动之前就已经做好了准备；我要再试一次。根据句意可知，此处为连词before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前”，体现出“内心萌生动身的想法”早于“实际开始行动”，符合逻辑。故填before。 3．How long do you suppose it is that famous basketball player last participated in an international competition, where he showcased his amazing skills and won numerous honors? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】since 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：您觉得那位著名的篮球运动员上次参加国际比赛已经过去多久了？在那次比赛中，他展现出了非凡的球技并赢得了众多荣誉。How long提问时间长度，根据that famous basketball player last participated in an international competition可知，空处引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去式，it is为一般现在时，描述过去到现在的时间长度，空处用since（自从）引导时间状语从句。故填since。 4．He always parks his car he can see it from the window, just to make sure it’s safe. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查连接副词。句意：他总是把车停在他能从窗户看到的地方，只是为了确保安全。 he can see it from the window是地点状语从句，空格处应该填入一个连接词引导从句，且意义为“（在）……的地方”，所以应该用连接副词where。故填where。 5．We like to visit nice, quiet places far away from the city and go walking there are no shops, crowds or the tube. 【答案】where 【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：我们喜欢去远离城市的好的，安静的地方和没有商店、人群和地铁的地方散步。分析句子可知there are no shops, crowds or the tube是地点状语从句，而地点状语从句there are no shops, crowds or the tube不完整，缺地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。 6．The use of several avatars can also be a risk, people can use avatars to cheat others. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】句意：使用多个虚拟形象也存在风险，因为人们可以利用虚拟形象来欺骗他人。前后分句存在因果逻辑，空格处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，应用从属连词as引导该从句。 7．The meeting was put off several key members had unexpected scheduling conflicts. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】because 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：会议被推迟了，因为几个关键成员遇到了意外的日程冲突。several key members had unexpected scheduling conflicts是会议推迟的原因，所以用because引导原因状语从句，说明事情发生的缘由。故填because。 8．Now we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然我们都是地球村的一部分，每个人都成为邻居。表示“既然”，用now that，引导原因状语从句。故填that。 9．Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】because/since/as 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：马克需要学习中文，因为他的公司正在北京开设一家分公司。后半句“his company is opening a branch in Beijing(他的公司正在北京开设分公司)”是前半句“Mark needs to learn Chinese(马克需要学习中文)”的原因，此处需用连接词引导原因状语从句，because、since、as 均可表示 “因为”，引导原因状语从句，故填because/since/as。 10．Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science that you can explore the field of agriculture. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】so 【详解】句意：向你介绍生物学、城市农业和环境科学等领域，以便你可以探索农业领域。结合句意，表达“以便”用so that，引导目的状语从句，空处需填so。 11．Smart apartments will include voice-activated controls and automatic fall-detection sensors residents with limited mobility need emergency assistance. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 in case 【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：智能公寓将配备语音激活控制和自动跌倒检测传感器，以防行动不便的居民需要紧急帮助。句子描述的是配备语音激活控制和自动跌倒检测传感器的预防性目的，即“以防”行动不便的居民需要紧急帮助，因此用in case“以防”引导目的状语从句，对应为未来可能发生的紧急情况做准备的语境。故填in case。 12．I’ll find a way to improve on my own so I can make the team the next year. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我会想办法自我提高，这样我明年就能进入球队。分析句子结构并结合句意，我想办法自我提高是为了进入球队，表示目的，so that意为“这样，以便”，可引导目的状语从句。故填that。 13．There are birds which kick their young out at an early stage they can produce new chicks. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 so that 【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：有些鸟在早期阶段就把它们的幼鸟踢出去，这样它们就可以孵新的小鸟。空处应填so that“以便”引导目的状语从句，即鸟在早期阶段把它们的幼鸟踢出去的目的是孵新的小鸟。故填so that。 14．They are little children that they can not understand what you say sometimes. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】such 【详解】句意：他们年纪还这么小，有时连你说的话都听不懂。句中little是形容词，意为“年幼的；幼小的”，修饰名词children，用such修饰名词短语little children，构成固定句型“such+形容词+复数名词+that从句”，表示“如此……以至于……”， 15．The Great Wall is well-­known a tourist attraction that millions of people visit it every year. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】so 【详解】句意：长城是如此著名的旅游景点，每年数百万人前来游览。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型：so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that…，等同于such a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + that…，引导结果状语从句；本句语序为：so well-known a tourist attraction，故用so。 16．If not treated, the disease can damage the lungs to such an extent a person can not breathe properly. (用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：如果不加以治疗，这种疾病会对肺部造成严重损害，以至于人无法正常呼吸。此处是固定句型“such...that...”，意为“如此……以至于……”，其中that引导结果状语从句。故填that。 17． you warm up properly before running, you might injure your muscles or joints. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Unless 【详解】句意：除非你在跑步前做好充分的热身运动，否则可能会损伤肌肉或关节。逗号前后均为完整的句子，且“在跑步前做好充分的热身运动”是“损伤肌肉或关节”成立的否定条件，因此用unless“除非”引导条件状语从句，句首单词的首字母需大写。 18． we can reduce the use of plastic products, the living environment of sea animals will be greatly improved. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】If 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果我们能减少塑料制品的使用，海洋动物的生活环境将会得到极大的改善。根据“we can reduce the use of plastic products”和“the living environment of sea animals will be greatly improved”可知，前后句之间为条件关系，所以空处需用从属连词if“如果”引导条件状语从句，句首单词，首字母需大写。故填If。 19．You can borrow the car you drive carefully and return it on time. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 as long as 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：只要你小心驾驶并按时还车，你就可以借这辆车。只有满足“小心驾驶并按时还车”的条件，“借这辆车”才能成立，因此用as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。故填as long as。 20．My eyes were glued to the little screen I walked down the street, had dinner with friends or lay in bed at night.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】whenever 【详解】句意：无论我在街上走、和朋友吃饭还是夜里躺在床上，目光都离不开小屏幕。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论何时”用whenever。 21．She warned her parents of the danger, at first they just thought she was joking. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】though/although 【详解】句意：她警告她的父母有危险，虽然起初他们以为她只是在开玩笑。空处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”用though或although。 22． happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Whatever 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论发生什么事，我们都应该始终尽力看到事情好的一面。根据“happens”与“always try to see the good side of things”的逻辑关系可知，此处表示“无论发生什么”，应用whatever引导让步状语从句，且在从句中充当主语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Whatever。 23．We learn that much we try to please, some people are never going to love us. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】however 【详解】考查连词。句意：我们明白，无论我们多么努力地取悦他人，总有些人永远不会喜欢我们。“______ much we try to please”为让步状语从句，修饰much，表示“无论多么”，用however。故填however。 24．Young he is, he is mature in his way of dealing with things. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查连词。句意：尽管他很年轻，但他处理事情的方式很成熟。根据句意可知，前后句之间是转折关系，“Young ______ he is”是让步状语从句，且使用了倒装，应用从属连词as或者though引导。故填as/though。 25． difficulties we may meet with, we will stick to our dreams and never give up. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】Whatever 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论我们遇到何种困难，我们都会坚持自己的梦想，永不放弃。修饰名词difficulties，表“无论什么”用whatever，引导让步状语从句。句首首字母大写。故填Whatever。 26．This is a story about how the writer got confused about a Mexican word she had a good command of Spanish. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 even if/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：这是一个关于作者尽管精通西班牙语，却仍对一个墨西哥词汇感到困惑的故事。结合句意可知，上下文为转折让步关系，应用even if/though“尽管”引导让步状语从句。故填①even②if/though。 27．Please proceed with the experiment exactly I demonstrated yesterday, and record all the data carefully. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查连词。句意：请严格按照我昨天演示的那样继续进行实验，并仔细记录所有数据。根据句子结构及句意可知，空处需填方式状语从句引导词，as表示“按照……的方式；如同”，符合句意。故填as。 28．Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind they had just happened. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 as if/though 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：童年的每一件事都涌上我的心头，好像刚刚发生似的。童年的事情不可能是刚刚发生，因此句子是虚拟语气，空格处意为“好像，似乎”，是固定短语as if/as though。故填as，if/though。 29．While there was not so much homework I was used to, life in the UK was still challenging. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查连词。句意：虽然作业没有我习惯的那么多，但在英国的生活仍然充满挑战。“not so much+不可数名词+as”是固定结构，表示“不如……那样……”，as引导比较状语从句。故填as。 30．They encourage each other as much they can when they train. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查比较状语从句。句意：他们在训练时尽可能多地互相鼓励。本句中“as much ___ they can”是 “as +副词原级+ as + 从句”结构，as...as...引导比较状语从句。故填as。 二、完成句子 1． , I fell asleep. 我闭上眼睛就睡着了。 【答案】The moment I closed my eyes 【详解】考查时间状语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“我闭上眼睛的那一刻”，“一……就……”可用the moment，名词短语引导时间状语从句，从句主语“我”I，“闭上”close，由fell可知，句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词close用过去式形式，宾语“我的眼睛”my eyes。句首字母大写，故填The moment I closed my eyes。 2． ,_the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为教育是终生的学习。 【答案】When it comes to education 【详解】考查固定句型。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“说到教育”。可用固定句型When it comes to…“说到……，当谈到……”，when引导时间状语从句，to为介词。“教育”用名词education。故填When it comes to education。 3．Jim answered the phone . 吉米一边走一边回电话。 【答案】as he went along 【详解】考查时间状语从句、时态。此处表示两个动作同时进行，即“走路”和“回电话”，所以应用连词as“当……时”引导时间状语从句，从句中：表示“他”用he，作主语；表示“走”用go along，从句描述过去的动作，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填as he went along。 4． , the manager came out. 正当我们疑惑该做什么的时候，经理走了出来。 【答案】When we were wondering what to do 【详解】考查时间状语从句、时态和特殊疑问词+to do。“正当我们疑惑该做什么的时候”是时间状语从句，可用从属连词when引导；从句主语“我们”用人称代词we，谓语“疑惑”用动词wonder，描述过去某个时刻正在发生的事情用过去进行时态were wondering，“该做什么”作宾语，可用“特殊疑问词+to do”复合结构what to do作宾语what to do。故填When we were wondering what to do。 5． they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。 【答案】Where 【详解】考查连词。根据句意可知，本句为where引导的地点状语从句，首字母大写。故填Where。 6． (既然) everyone is here, let's begin the meeting. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Now that 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填连词短语引导原因状语从句，结合句意“既然”和汉语提示可知，设空处需填now that，句首单词，首字母需大写。故填Now that。 7． (既然) we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 Now that 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然我们都是地球村的一部分，每个人都成为邻居。“既然”是now that，引导原因状语从句，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Now，that。 8． (尽管下大雨), the football match continued as scheduled. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】In spite of the heavy rain/Despite the heavy rain/Though it rained heavily/Although it rained heavily 【详解】考查让步状语从句或固定短语。句意：尽管下着大雨，足球比赛还是如期进行了。表示“尽管”用in spite of/despite，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“大雨”用the heavy rain，作宾语。或者表示“尽管”用though/although，引导让步状语从句，从句中用it指代天气，作从句主语，表示“下大雨”用rain heavily，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填In spite of the heavy rain/Despite the heavy rain/Though it rained heavily/Although it rained heavily。 9．Sometimes we are we forget to find the beauty in life. 有时, 我们如此繁忙以至于忘记去发现生活中的美。 【答案】so busy that 【详解】考查状语从句。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“如此繁忙以至于”，结合句子结构可知，本句为“so+形容词+that”引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，其中形容词“繁忙的”为busy。故填so busy that。 10．Tom对理科感兴趣，而他弟弟更喜欢艺术。(while) Tom is interested in science, . 【答案】while his younger brother prefers art 【详解】考查连词。分析句子，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“然而”用while，此处表示对比。表示“更喜欢”用prefer；表示“而他弟弟更喜欢艺术”用while his younger brother prefers art。故答案为while his younger brother prefers art。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. It was built over several dynasties 1 (protect) the northern borders of China from invasions. The earliest sections date back to the 7th century BC, but the most well-known parts 2 (construct) during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The wall stretches more than 20,000 kilometers across deserts, mountains, and grasslands. It is not a single continuous wall, but a series of fortifications (防御工事) 3 (connect) by watchtowers and barracks. 4 (visit) the Great Wall, one can truly appreciate the wisdom and hard work of the ancient Chinese people. Today, the Great Wall is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts millions of tourists each year. However, some sections are 5 danger of collapsing due to natural erosion and human activities. The Chinese government has taken measures 6 (preserve) this cultural treasure. For example, visitors are not allowed to carve their names on the wall, and restoration work 7 (carry) out regularly. There is a famous Chinese saying: “You are not a true man 8 you have climbed the Great Wall.” This saying encourages people to overcome 9 (difficult) and pursue their goals. In fact, the spirit of the Great Wall — resilience and determination — is still 10 (deep) valued by the Chinese people today. 【答案】 1．to protect 2．were constructed 3．connected 4．Visiting 5．in 6．to preserve 7．is carried 8．unless/until 9．difficulties 10．deeply 【导语】本文介绍了长城的修建历史、样貌现状，提及它面临的损毁问题及保护举措，并阐释了其承载的精神与文化意义。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：它历经多个朝代修建，目的是抵御外敌入侵、守护中国北方边境。此处应用动词不定式to protect，作状语，表修建长城的目的。 2．考查时态语态。句意：最早的城墙段可追溯至公元前7世纪，而最知名的部分建于明朝（1368-1644）。此空为谓语动词，主语the most well-known parts和动词construct之间是被动关系；时间状语during the Ming Dynasty表示过去，主语为复数，因此用一般过去时的被动语态were constructed。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：它并非一堵连续的城墙，而是由瞭望塔和营房连接起来的一系列防御工事。此处为非谓语，名词fortifications与connect之间为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语，表“被连接的”。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：游览长城，你才能真正体会到古代中国人民的智慧与辛劳。此处为非谓语，主句主语one与visit是主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作伴随状语，且句首单词首字母需大写。 5．考查固定介词搭配。句意：然而，受自然侵蚀和人类活动影响，部分城墙段面临坍塌的危险。此处为固定短语in danger of，意为“处于……的危险中”。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国政府已采取措施保护这一文化瑰宝。此处为固定搭配take measures to do sth.，表示“采取措施做某事”。 7．考查时态语态。句意：例如，游客不允许在城墙上刻字，修缮工作也会定期开展。此处为谓语动词，主语restoration work和carry out是被动关系；由上下文可知句子描述当下的常规举措，用一般现在时，work为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，所以应填is carried。 8．考查连词。句意：中国有句名言：不到长城非好汉。结合句意，此空可以表示“除非”，用unless引导条件状语从句；此空也可构成not...until，表“直到......才”，用until引导时间状语从句，均符合语境。 9．考查名词复数。句意：这句俗语激励人们克服困难、追逐目标。动词overcome后接名词作宾语，difficult是形容词，其名词形式为difficulty；此处泛指各类困难，用复数形式difficulties。 10．考查副词。句意：事实上，长城所代表的坚韧与执着精神，至今仍被中国人民深深推崇。此处修饰动词valued，需用副词；deep的副词形式deeply，侧重抽象含义“深深地”，符合语境。 二、阅读理解 Whether you shop for food in a traditional grocery store or a big-box store, most of your options are junk foods. Terms on food packaging like “low fat,” “gluten-free,” “keto-friendly” and “a good source of fiber” don’t answer the fundamental question: Is this food good for me? There is little reliable guidance available for people who don’t have the time, patience or skill to analyze the nutrition labels (标签). But what we really need is a bold (大胆的) move that would be to prevent people from food that’s bad for them: a warning sign that a high-sugar soda or breakfast cereal product, for example, is an unhealthy choice. Chile, Mexico, Brazil and dozens of other countries have worked to change food labeling. Research has suggested that these labels can help people understand nutritional quality and change their purchasing habits. Finally, the goal of the labels is to improve nutrition and reduce the consumption of over-processed foods. After Chile adopted several rules in 2016, researchers found that the consumption of drinks high in sugar and sodium declined by nearly 25 percent. In Uruguay a survey published in 2020 assessing the early effects of nutritional warnings found that 58 percent of participants who noticed the warning changed their decisions about buying a product. Of those who changed their decisions, 17 percent said they chose a similar product with fewer warnings, and 18 percent decided not to buy a similar product at all. In the United States, new labeling laws will be much more challenging to take effect. As you might expect, food producers will surely try to stop warning labels from being required. They are arguing that these plans would be costly and that those costs would be passed on to consumers. But research conducted soon after Chile’s food labeling and advertising law passed showed no effects on total employment, with negligible effects on wages (工资) and profit, even as consumer consumption of unhealthy foods declined. To be clear, this is just one of many steps toward providing all Americans with a healthy diet. But knowable front-of-package labeling is one of the best levers (杠杆) available to policymakers, and it is already working elsewhere. It can work here, too. 11．What does paragraph 1 focus on? A．The lack of nutrition. B．The problem with labels. C．The shortage of food. D．The doubt about package. 12．What do the examples of Chile and Uruguay show? A．The consumption of over-processed foods has been stopped. B．People in the two countries have better nutrition awareness. C．Food producers there work well with the government. D．Warning labels can effectively change people’s buying behavior. 13．What does the underlined word “negligible” mean in paragraph 5? A．Obvious. B．Lasting. C．Insignificant. D．Undesired. 14．What’s the author’s attitude towards adopting warning labels in the United States? A．Unclear. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 【答案】11．B 12．D 13．C 14．D 【导语】文章指出消费者当下购买的食物多为垃圾食品，包装标签难以帮助他们判断食物好坏，智利等多国改变食品标签且取得成效，美国实施新标签法遇阻，但有研究表明其负面影响小，应该推行这种措施。 【详解】11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether you shop for food in a traditional grocery store or a big-box store, most of your options are junk foods. Terms on food packaging like “low fat,” “gluten-free,” “keto-friendly” and “a good source of fiber” don’t answer the fundamental question: Is this food good for me? There is little reliable guidance available for people who don’t have the time, patience or skill to analyze the nutrition labels (标签). (无论你是在传统的杂货店还是大型商店购买食品，你选择的大部分都是垃圾食品。食品包装上的“低脂肪”、“无麸质”、“适合生酮饮食”和“富含纤维”等字眼并没有回答一个基本问题：这种食物对我有好处吗？对于那些没有时间、耐心或技能来分析营养标签的人来说，几乎没有可靠的指导。)”可知，本段指出食品标签不能有效帮助消费者判断食物是否有益这一问题，强调的是食品标签存在的问题。 12．推理判断题。根据第四段“After Chile adopted several rules in 2016, researchers found that the consumption of drinks high in sugar and sodium declined by nearly 25 percent. In Uruguay a survey published in 2020 assessing the early effects of nutritional warnings found that 58 percent of participants who noticed the warning changed their decisions about buying a product. Of those who changed their decisions, 17 percent said they chose a similar product with fewer warnings, and 18 percent decided not to buy a similar product at all. (智利在2016年通过了几项规定后，研究人员发现，高糖和高钠饮料的消费量下降了近25%。在乌拉圭，2020年发布的一项评估营养警告早期影响的调查发现，58%注意到警告的参与者改变了购买产品的决定。当然，在那些改变了决定的人中，17%的人说他们选择了警告更少的类似产品，18%的人决定根本不买类似的产品。)”可推知，这些具体的数据和例子表明，食品上的警告标签能够切实有效地影响人们在购物时的选择，从而改变他们的购买行为。 13．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“They are arguing that these plans would be costly and that those costs would be passed on to consumers. But research conducted soon after Chile’s food labeling and advertising law passed showed no effects on total employment (他们认为，这些计划成本高昂，而且这些成本将转嫁给消费者。但在智利食品标签和广告法通过后不久进行的研究显示，对总就业没有影响)”和下文“even as consumer consumption of unhealthy foods declined (尽管消费者对不健康食品的消费有所下降)”可知，这里有转折，虽然食品生产商反对警告标签，认为这成本高且成本会转嫁给消费者，但实际上影响不大，对工资和利润影响应该是“微不足道的，不值一提的”，画线词意思与insignificant“微不足道的，不显著的”接近。 14．推理判断题。作者在文中列举了其他国家实施食品警告标签取得的积极效果，并在最后一段中“But knowable front-of-package labeling is one of the best levers (杠杆) available to policymakers, and it is already working elsewhere. It can work here, too. (但是，便于知悉的包装正面标签是政策制定者可用的最佳杠杆之一，而且它已经在其他地方发挥作用。这在这里也行得通。)”指出这一举措在美国应该也是可行的。由此可知，作者对在美国采用警告标签持支持态度。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点18 状语从句 初中视角 高中展望 初中简单学习时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式状语从句 高中考查更复杂的用法，以及九种状语从句一些特殊结构、在复合句中起状语的作用。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1 时间、地点、原因状语从句 1．Jack’s mother was so tired. She fell asleep ________ she lay down on the bed. A．until B．as soon as C．unless D．as long as 2．I didn’t know how special the traditional food was ________ I made it with my own hands. A．because B．until C．if D．since 3．Keeping a reading diary is useful ________ it helps me understand the ideas better. A．because B．though C．until D．unless 4．________ you have finished your homework, you can go out to relax for a while. A．Unless B．Since C．Though D．Until 5．After the war, a new school was put up ________ there had once been a theater. A．that B．where C．which D．when 考点2 条件、目的、结果状语从句 6．We’ll be halfway to solving the problem ________ we share our problems with each other. A．unless B．because C．though D．if 7．—Could you tell me how to improve my English writing? —________ you keep writing diaries in English, you’ll make progress little by little. A．As long as B．Even though C．As if D．So that 8．China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong Space Station ________ they can work together. A．although B．if C．until D．so that 9．—Take an umbrella with you ________ it rains later,Tom. —Why? Is it supposed to rain today? A．so that B．even if C．in case D．as though 10．The volunteer teacher told us ________ touching stories about rural students ________ almost everyone in the classroom was deeply moved. A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．as; as 考点3 让步、比较和方式状语从句 11．—Dad, I failed in math again ________ I worked hard at it. —Never lose heart. Keep on and success will belong to you. A．if B．unless C．though D．because 12．The brave ant kept moving forward ________ it met heavy rain on its way home. A．even if B．so that C．because D．unless 13．Peter never does his homework _______ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A．so careful as B．as carefully as C．carefully as D．as careful as 14．—The doctor told me not to eat too much meat. —He is right.___ you eat,___ you will be. A．The less; the healthier B．The less; the more healthier C．The more; the healthier D．The more; the more healthier 15．The scientist explained the difficult knowledge about space to children ________ it were a funny story, making them fall in love with science. A．in case B．even though C．now that D．as if 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。根据意义上的不同，状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等。 考点清单 考点一、时间、地点、比较状语从句 ▇ 一、时间状语从句 时间状语从句常用的引导词 before在……之前 directly一……就…… by the time截至…… after在……之后 since自……以来 till/until直到…… when/while/as当……的时候 each time/every time每次 the moment立刻，马上 once一旦……就… as soon as一……就…… imediately/instantly一……就…… hardly...when...一……就…… no sooner...than...一……就…… whenever/no matter when无论何时 1.before 句型：It is/was (not)+时间+before+从句 It will (not) be+时间+before+从句 It was one year before he finished his work.过了一年他才完成了他的工作。 It was not long before he finished his work.过了不久，他就完成了他的工作。 It will be three weeks before he finishes his work.要过3周，他才能完成他的工作。 It won’t be long before he finishes his work.用不了多久，他就会完成他的工作。 2.by the time by the time的意思是“截至……（时间）”，可以引导时间状语从句。by the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。 By the time you receive this letter,I will have left this city for my hometown. 你收到这封信时，我将已经离开这座城市回家乡了。 She had finished cleaning by the time I arrived.在我到达之前，她就已打扫完卫生了。 3.once once作连词引导时间状语从句时，意思是“一旦……就……”。 Once you understand the rules of the game,you’ll enjoy it. 一旦你了解了这个游戏的规则，你就会喜欢它。 Once (it is) found,any mistake must be corrected.一旦发现任何错误就必须加以改正。 4.as soon as和no sooner...than等 as soon as，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when/before，immediately，directly等连词及连词短语的意思都是“一……就……”。当主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时。no sooner...than，hardly...when/before，scarcely...when/before等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。 He will be set free as soon as the fine is paid.只要交了罚款，他就会被释放。 The fans cried as soon as they saw the movie star.追星族们一看见这位影星就喊了起来。 As soon as I got home,it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下起雨来了。 Immediately she had gone,I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。 =The fans had no soone seen the movie star than they cried. =The fans had hardly seen the movie star when they cried. =The fans had scarcely seen the movie star when they cried. =No sooner had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Hardly had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Scarcely had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. 重要：“一……就……”还可以用the moment表示，这句话还可以转换为： The moment I got home,it began to rain. =I had no sooner got home han it began to rain. =I had hardly got home when/before it began to rain. =I had scarcely got home hen/before it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home han it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home hen/before it began to rain. =Scarcely had I got home when/before it began to rain. 补充：“on+名词/doing”结构也相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 Please report to reception o`到达后请立即到接待处报到。 On arriving home,he discovered they had gone.他一到家就发现他们已经走了。 5.whenever和no matter when等 whenever相当于no matter when，意思是“无论什么时候”；every time/each time的意思是“每次”。 Whenever I visited him,he was not at home.我无论何时拜访他，他都不在家。 =No matter when I visited him,he was not at home. Whenever I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home.每次到天津我都要去拜访我的老师。 =No matter when I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home. =I call at my teacher’s home each time I come up to Tianjin. Whenever I see this picture,I think of my hometown. 无论什么时候我看到这幅图片，我都会想起我的家乡。 =No matter when I see this picture,I think of my hometown. =Each/Every time I see this picture,I think of my hometown. ▇ 二、 地点状语从句 地点状语从句一般由where，wherever（相当于no matter where）引导。（前面没有相关标示地点的名词，如place） 1.where where作连词引导地点状语从句时，意思是“在/向……的地方”。 You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 Where they went, they were warmly welcomed.他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。 2.wherever wherever相当于no matter where，意思是“无论到哪里，无论在哪里”。wherever引导的地点状语从句多位于句首。 Wherever he goes,he always takes a notebook with him.无论走到哪里，他总是带着一个笔记本。 Wherever he may be,he will be happy.无论在什么地方，他都会快乐的。 =No matter where he may be,he will be happy. ▇ 三、 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由 as…as（和…… 一样）、not as/so…as（与…… 不一样）、than（比）、the more…, the more…（越…… 越……）引导，有原级、比较级、最高级不同表达形式，如原级用 as...as，not so/as...as；比较级用 more...than；最高级用 the most...in/of... 。 原级 比较级 最高级 as...as，not so/as...as more...than the most...in/of... 几种常见情况及示例 1.more...than和the more...of... 句型：more...than ……比……更…… the more...of...（两者之中）比较……的 This film is more moving than that one.这部电影比那部电影感人。 This film is the more moving of the two films.这部电影是这两部电影中比较感人的。 This film is the most moving of the three.这部电影是这3部电影中最感人的。 2.“no+比较级+than”和“not+比较级+than” 句型：no+形容词/副词比较级+than（与……一样不）对两者的否定，用于两者比较。 句型：not+形容词/副词比较级+than（不像/不如……一样）表示程度上的差异，是普通的比较级结构。 She is no more diligent than her sisters. =Neither she nor her sisters are diligent.她们姐妹几个都不勤奋。 She is not more diligent than her sisters. =She is not as diligent as her sisters.她不如她的几个姐妹勤奋。 3.表示倍数的常用句型 句型：A+基数词+times as+形容词/副词原级+as+B A是B的几倍 This room is three times as large as that one.这间屋子是那间屋子的3倍大。 This red box is half as large as the blue one.这个红色盒子是那个蓝色盒子的一半大。 句型：A+基数词+times+名词/代词+of+B A是B的几倍 The age of my grandpa is four times the age of mine. =The age of my grandpa is four times that of mine. =My grandpa is four times as old as I.我爷爷的年龄是我的4倍。 句型：A+基数词+times+比较级+than+B A比B大（小，长……）几倍 This hole is five times deeper than that one.这个洞比那个洞深5倍。 =This hole is six times as deep as that one. =This hole is six times the depth of that one.这个洞是那个洞的6倍深。 小试牛刀： 1．Friends, which ran for ten seasons from 1994 to 2004, has not become any less popular it went off the air. 2．Tim got emotional during his event in New York City Tuesday night recalling his recent conversation with dad. 3．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. 4． my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, something fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. 5．However, the most amazing thing happened. the reality of the crisis sank in, it brought out the best in us. 6．I wish my house would be built we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers. 7．Mr. Brown said firmly, “I knew I had to go the people were suffering.” 8．I have never seen as beautiful a place you have talked. 9．By starting, you get the juices flowing, allowing you to get more done you anticipated. 10．Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not so funny they think they are? 考点二、原因、条件、方式状语从句 ▇一、原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because（因为）, as（由于，因为）, since, now that, when（既然）, considering that（考虑到）, seeing that（由于，鉴于）, in that（因为）等。 原因状语从句常用的引导词 because因为 since既然 now that既然 as由于 seeing (that)由于，因为，鉴于 considering (that)考虑到，鉴于 1.because because的意思是“因为”，表示直接原因，语气最重，常用来回答why（为什么）引导的特殊疑问句。 A:Why were you late for school this morning?你今天早晨上学为什么迟到了？ B:Because I got up late.因为我起床晚了。 I want to do it myself because I like it.我想亲自做这件事，因为我喜欢它。 （正）He is disappointed because he failed again.因为他又失败了，所以他感到失望。 （误）So he is disappointed because he failed again. 切记：尽管在汉语中“因为……，所以……”常一起使用，但在英语中because不能和so连用。 The museum won’t be open this week because it is under repairs. 博物馆本周不开放，因为他正在修缮中。 2.since since的意思是“既然”，表示对方已知道的事实和理由，语气比because弱。 Since you’re not interested,I won’t tell you about.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。 Since no one is against it,we’ll pass it.既然没人反对，那我们就通过了。 Since you can’t answer the question,I’ll ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题，那我就问别人了。 3.as as的意思是“由于”，表示较为明显的原因，语气较弱。 As it is snowing,you’d better take a taxi.下雪了，你最好乘出租车。 As you request it,I will come.由于你的要求，所以我会来。（语气较缓和） =I’ll come because you request it.（语气很强） As she had no car,she stayed at home.她因为没车而留在家里。（语气较缓和） =She stayed at home because she had no car.（语气很强） 比较：because，since，as和for的区别 都可译为“因为”，但在语气上，because最重，其次是since，as，for。 because，since，as都是从属连词。而for是一个并列连词，用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由，for引导的并列句，一般放在所要说明的句子的后面。 because引导的原因状语从句一般放主句后面，也可放主句前面；since和as引导的从句则通常位于句首；for不能位于句首，只能置于句中，且前面要用逗号与前一分句分开。 I went to see him,for I had something to tell him.我去见他，因为我有事要告诉他。 4.now what，seeing that和considering that now that的意思是“既然”，seeing that的意思是“由于，因为，鉴于”，considering that的意思是“考虑到，鉴于”。 Now that they have taken matters into their hands,the pace of events has quickened. 他们既然已着手自己来处理问题，事态的进展也就加快了。 Now tha you are a man,you must not do such a thing.既然你是个男子汉，就不要做这样的事了。 Now that you are well,you can work.既然你已经好了，你可以工作了。 Seeing that he’s been off sick all week,he is unlikely to come today. 由于他请病假整整一周了，所以今天不太可能来。 She knows quite a lot about it,onsidering (that) she is very young. 鉴于她年龄小，她懂得的已经很多了。 ▇二、条件状语从句 条件状语从句引导词：if（注意主将从现）, unless=if not, providing/provided that=if, as (so) long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, 条件状语从句可以位于主句前面或后面。 条件状语从句常用的引导词 in case万一 unless除非 as/so long as只要 if如果 provided (that)如果 providing (that)如果 suppose (that)如果 supposing (that)如果 on condition (that)如果 1.if和unless if的意思是“如果”。unless的意思则是“除非……；如果不……”，相当于if...not...，有时二者可以换用。 If you have any questions or comments,you can voice them now. 你们如果有任何疑问或意见，可以现在提出。 If you don’t eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 如果你不吃肉，那这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 =Unless you eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 除非你吃肉，否则这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 2.in case in case的意思是“万一，以防”，常用来引导条件状语从句。 Take a coat in case the weather turns old.带上一件外衣吧，以防天气转冷了。 Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.坐出租车去，免得开会迟到。 3.as long as和so long as as long as和so long as的意思都是“只要”。 I’m sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care.我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。 As/So long as we don’t lose heart,we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的办法。 You can go to see the film as/so long as you arrive at the cinema on time.你可以去看这场电影，只要你能按时到达电影院。 ▇三、方式状语从句 方式状语从句一般由as（正如；按照）, as if/as though（好像）, the way等引导。 1.as 和just as引导方式状语从句 这两个连词的意思是“如…，犹如…，正如…”（in the same manner that）。just as 比as的强调性更强。 You must do everything as I do.你们要照我这样去做。 Just as the water is the most important of liquids, air is the most important gases. 正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样，空气是气体中最重要的一种。 2.as if 和as though引导方式状语从句 as if 和as though意为“好像、仿佛”可以用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况；也可以用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况。 He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg. 他走得很慢，好像腿受了伤。 She speaks English as if she were a native speaker.她讲英语俨然像专家。 注意：在It looks as if...,It seems as if...句型中常用陈述语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨。 3.the way引导方式状语从句 the way它的作用相当于the manner，后面的引导词常用that引导方式状语，而且经常省略。此时，一般不用in which引导。 We didn't like the way that he treated us. 我不喜欢他对待我们的方式。 小试牛刀： 1．The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space they do from the earth. 2．Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind they had just happened. 3．They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life you are. 4．I’d be grateful you could take care of my baby. 5． an earthquake happens, the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control center and then ordinary people’s smartphones. 6．You can write anything relevant long as it’s interesting. 7．A small car is big enough for a family of three you need more space for baggage. 8． you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the same place where we met last time. 9． you are addicted to computer games, it’s hard for you to focus your mind on your study. 10．Many students lost marks in the exam simply they didn’t read the questions carefully. 考点三、让步、结果、目的状语从句 ▇一、让步状语从句 让步状语从句由though，although，as，even if (though)，however，whatever，whoever，whenever，no matter +wh词，等引导。 让步状语从句常用的引导词 though/although虽然 no matter+疑问词（who/what/when/which/where/how）无论 even if/even though即使 whoever/whatever/whenever/whichever/wherever/however无论 1.even if, even though, although，though引导的让步状语从句 这四个词（词组）都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思。even if和even though带有较强的意味，语气比although和though强。though比although通俗，但不如although正式,都不能和but连用，但可以和yet, still或nevertheless连用。可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。even if，even though所接的句子常用虚拟语气。 Although journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher. 虽然新闻业好像是一个很好的职业，但是我更喜欢当老师。 Although he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read. 虽然有人认为他是一个大作家，但是他的作品读得并不广泛。 We won’t give up even if we should fail ten times. 即使是我们失败十次，我们也不会放弃。 He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. 尽管他很忙，他可能给了你更多的帮助。 2.as或though引导让步状语从句（高二讲解部分倒装时会更好地掌握） 形容词 + as/though+ 主语+谓语 副词 动词 名词 (1).由as或though引导让步状语从句用倒装语序 Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John. 我虽然取得地方多，但是我从来没见过像约翰这么能干的人。 (2).如果表语为单数可数名词，这个名词不带冠词 12-year-old girl as she is, she has had a good command of English.她虽然只是个12岁的女孩，但是她已经熟知英语。 Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他还是个孩子，却懂的很多。 (3).如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词，则将实意动词放在as之前 Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。 Praised as he was, he remained modest.他虽然受到表扬，但仍然保持着谦虚。 (4).如果句中谓语仅有实意动词，则将实意动词（原形）放在as之前，并在主语后面加助动词do, does, did或will。 Torture her as they did, the enemy got nothing out of her.虽然敌人拷打她，却没有能从她嘴里得到什么。 Fail as he did, he would never give up.尽管他失败了，但他决不会放弃。 注意：如果在这种情况下，句中谓语有副词修饰，则将副词放在as之前。 Again and again as he failed, he didn't lose heart.他虽然多次失败，但仍不灰心丧气。 Much as I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但是我认为他这样做是不明智的。 总结：倒装是把表语提前；没有表语时，将状语提前；没有状语时，将部分谓语提前 3.由no matter+ wh词和由疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句 由no matter引导，表示“不管；无论”；由疑问词＋ever引导，表示“不管，不论”。这类词有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however， whenever，wherever等,他们相当于no matter+ what（which，who，how，when， where），都不能与but，so，and等并列连词同时使用。 We’ll have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes. No matter what(Whatever) you do, don't tell him that I told you this. No matter how pure the water looks, I prefer not to drink it. No matter where (Wherever) you go, I would keep you company. 4.由whether...or...引导让步状语从句 由whether...or...引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”，提供两种对比的情况。 I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不论你和我一起来还是留在家中，我都要前往。 ▇二、结果状语从句 1.so…that..., such…that...引导结果状语从句 So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again. He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep. 2.so…that...与such…that...的区别 这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。 (1).单数名词 在so...that与such...that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+ a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。 (2).不可数名词或复数可数名词 如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such...that。 He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词) They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读。(复数可数名词) (3).名词前有many, much, little, few修饰时 如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。 I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一块紫一块的。 George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。 They are such little children that they can’t do anything.他们是小孩，什么事情都干不了。 ▇三、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that, in order that, in case, for fear that等。 1.so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may、might、can、could、will, would等。 John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。 These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些。 2.lest, for fear that和in case引导目的状语从句 这三个连词词组的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。 I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得顺着她，免得她生气。 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 小试牛刀： 1．No matter we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones with all sorts of communication software. (用适当的词填空) 2．Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life no matter the future holds. (用适当的词填空) 3．I don’t think I can afford them I like the color. (用适当的词填空) 4．Weak I am in English for the moment, I am confident that I can catch up. (用适当的词填空) 5．We students should always manage to spare some time to exercise, busy we are. (用适当的词填空) 6． technology is used to help us, we should not allow it to take over our lives. (用适当的词填空) 7．Hard she tries, she can hardly avoid mistakes in her homework. (用适当的词填空) 8．The Great Wall is well-­known a tourist attraction that lots of tourists visit it every year. (用适当的词填空) 9．I developed a strong interest in stage design that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing it. (用适当的词填空) 10．The teacher thinks we’re so smart we ought to have no trouble learning it.（用适当的词填空） 一、单句语法填空 1．Only we learn to live in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. (用适当的词填空) 2．So he thought, and he felt himself going he started; I will try it once again. (用适当的词填空) 3．How long do you suppose it is that famous basketball player last participated in an international competition, where he showcased his amazing skills and won numerous honors? (用适当的词填空) 4．He always parks his car he can see it from the window, just to make sure it’s safe. (用适当的词填空) 5．We like to visit nice, quiet places far away from the city and go walking there are no shops, crowds or the tube. 6．The use of several avatars can also be a risk, people can use avatars to cheat others. (用适当的词填空) 7．The meeting was put off several key members had unexpected scheduling conflicts. (用适当的词填空) 8．Now we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour. (用适当的词填空) 9．Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 10．Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science that you can explore the field of agriculture. (用适当的词填空) 11．Smart apartments will include voice-activated controls and automatic fall-detection sensors residents with limited mobility need emergency assistance. (用适当的词填空) 12．I’ll find a way to improve on my own so I can make the team the next year. (用适当的词填空) 13．There are birds which kick their young out at an early stage they can produce new chicks. (用适当的词填空) 14．They are little children that they can not understand what you say sometimes. （用适当的词填空） 15．The Great Wall is well-­known a tourist attraction that millions of people visit it every year. （用适当的词填空） 16．If not treated, the disease can damage the lungs to such an extent a person can not breathe properly. (用适当的词填空） 17． you warm up properly before running, you might injure your muscles or joints. (用适当的词填空) 18． we can reduce the use of plastic products, the living environment of sea animals will be greatly improved. (用适当的词填空) 19．You can borrow the car you drive carefully and return it on time. (用适当的词填空) 20．My eyes were glued to the little screen I walked down the street, had dinner with friends or lay in bed at night.(用适当的词填空) 21．She warned her parents of the danger, at first they just thought she was joking. (用适当的词填空) 22． happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. (用适当的词填空) 23．We learn that much we try to please, some people are never going to love us. (用适当的词填空) 24．Young he is, he is mature in his way of dealing with things. (用适当的词填空) 25． difficulties we may meet with, we will stick to our dreams and never give up. （用适当的词填空） 26．This is a story about how the writer got confused about a Mexican word she had a good command of Spanish. (用适当的词填空) 27．Please proceed with the experiment exactly I demonstrated yesterday, and record all the data carefully. (用适当的词填空) 28．Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind they had just happened. (用适当的词填空) 29．While there was not so much homework I was used to, life in the UK was still challenging. (用适当的词填空) 30．They encourage each other as much they can when they train. (用适当的词填空) 二、完成句子 1． , I fell asleep. 我闭上眼睛就睡着了。 2． ,_the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为教育是终生的学习。 3．Jim answered the phone . 吉米一边走一边回电话。 4． , the manager came out. 正当我们疑惑该做什么的时候，经理走了出来。 5． they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。 6． (既然) everyone is here, let's begin the meeting. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 7． (既然) we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 8． (尽管下大雨), the football match continued as scheduled. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 9．Sometimes we are we forget to find the beauty in life. 有时, 我们如此繁忙以至于忘记去发现生活中的美。 10．Tom对理科感兴趣，而他弟弟更喜欢艺术。(while) Tom is interested in science, . 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. It was built over several dynasties 1 (protect) the northern borders of China from invasions. The earliest sections date back to the 7th century BC, but the most well-known parts 2 (construct) during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The wall stretches more than 20,000 kilometers across deserts, mountains, and grasslands. It is not a single continuous wall, but a series of fortifications (防御工事) 3 (connect) by watchtowers and barracks. 4 (visit) the Great Wall, one can truly appreciate the wisdom and hard work of the ancient Chinese people. Today, the Great Wall is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts millions of tourists each year. However, some sections are 5 danger of collapsing due to natural erosion and human activities. The Chinese government has taken measures 6 (preserve) this cultural treasure. For example, visitors are not allowed to carve their names on the wall, and restoration work 7 (carry) out regularly. There is a famous Chinese saying: “You are not a true man 8 you have climbed the Great Wall.” This saying encourages people to overcome 9 (difficult) and pursue their goals. In fact, the spirit of the Great Wall — resilience and determination — is still 10 (deep) valued by the Chinese people today. 二、阅读理解 Whether you shop for food in a traditional grocery store or a big-box store, most of your options are junk foods. Terms on food packaging like “low fat,” “gluten-free,” “keto-friendly” and “a good source of fiber” don’t answer the fundamental question: Is this food good for me? There is little reliable guidance available for people who don’t have the time, patience or skill to analyze the nutrition labels (标签). But what we really need is a bold (大胆的) move that would be to prevent people from food that’s bad for them: a warning sign that a high-sugar soda or breakfast cereal product, for example, is an unhealthy choice. Chile, Mexico, Brazil and dozens of other countries have worked to change food labeling. Research has suggested that these labels can help people understand nutritional quality and change their purchasing habits. Finally, the goal of the labels is to improve nutrition and reduce the consumption of over-processed foods. After Chile adopted several rules in 2016, researchers found that the consumption of drinks high in sugar and sodium declined by nearly 25 percent. In Uruguay a survey published in 2020 assessing the early effects of nutritional warnings found that 58 percent of participants who noticed the warning changed their decisions about buying a product. Of those who changed their decisions, 17 percent said they chose a similar product with fewer warnings, and 18 percent decided not to buy a similar product at all. In the United States, new labeling laws will be much more challenging to take effect. As you might expect, food producers will surely try to stop warning labels from being required. They are arguing that these plans would be costly and that those costs would be passed on to consumers. But research conducted soon after Chile’s food labeling and advertising law passed showed no effects on total employment, with negligible effects on wages (工资) and profit, even as consumer consumption of unhealthy foods declined. To be clear, this is just one of many steps toward providing all Americans with a healthy diet. But knowable front-of-package labeling is one of the best levers (杠杆) available to policymakers, and it is already working elsewhere. It can work here, too. 11．What does paragraph 1 focus on? A．The lack of nutrition. B．The problem with labels. C．The shortage of food. D．The doubt about package. 12．What do the examples of Chile and Uruguay show? A．The consumption of over-processed foods has been stopped. B．People in the two countries have better nutrition awareness. C．Food producers there work well with the government. D．Warning labels can effectively change people’s buying behavior. 13．What does the underlined word “negligible” mean in paragraph 5? A．Obvious. B．Lasting. C．Insignificant. D．Undesired. 14．What’s the author’s attitude towards adopting warning labels in the United States? A．Unclear. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $