衔接点16 时态语态非谓语综合（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点16 时态语态非谓语综合 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段的英语学习注重基础语法的掌握和应用，因此对动词时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够理解并正确使用这些时态和语态来表达不同的时间和动作状态。 高中阶段对时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够在各种语境中准确、灵活地使用不同的时态和语态。非谓语部分是高中语法重点内容，需熟练掌握动名词、现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态变化及语法功能。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1 时态语态 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 基本时态 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时基本构成和用法；理解现在进行时、过去进行时构成及表示正在进行动作；掌握现在完成时、过去完成时构成及表示动作完成或对现在影响 2 被动语态 理解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时被动语态的基本构成 3 时态的一致性 在复合句（如时间状语从句、条件状语从句）中保持主句和从句时态一致性 4 语态的转换 理解主动语态和被动语态之间转换及在不同语境中的使用 5 时态信号词 识别时态信号词（如时间状语）帮助确定句子时态 1．With the help of my teachers, I ________ much progress in my studies since last year. A．are making B．will make C．was making D．have made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在老师的帮助下，自去年以来，我在学习上已经取得了很大进步。 根据时间状语“since last year”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，应填have made。 2．—David, you look so busy. What are you doing? —I ________ a secret gift for my grandma. A．prepare B．prepared C．am preparing D．will prepare 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——大卫，你看起来很忙。你在做什么？——我正在为我的奶奶准备一份秘密礼物。 根据问句“What are you doing?”可知，此处询问正在进行的动作，答语应用现在进行时，应填am preparing。 3．By the end of last month, we ________ more than 2000 books for the Hope School in Ludian County. A．have collected B．collected C．had collected D．will collect 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到上个月底为止，我们为鲁甸县希望学校已收集了2000多本书。 时间状语“By the end of last month”意为“到上个月底为止”，表示动作发生在过去某个时间之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时（had+过去分词）。应选had collected。 4．By the end of last term, we ________ more than 2,000 English words. A．learned B．have learned C．would learn D．had learned 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到上学期末为止，我们已经学习了超过2000个英语单词。 根据时间状语“By the end of last term”可知，此处表示截至过去某个时间点已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，所以时态用过去完成时，过去完成时的结构是“had+动词过去分词”，所以选had learned。 5．—I called you at eight last night, but no one answered. —Oh, I ________ a shower at that time. A．took B．take C．am taking D．was taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨晚八点我给你打电话了，但是没人接。——哦，那时我正在洗淋浴。 根据“at eight last night”和“at that time”可知，此处表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为was/were+doing。故填was taking。 6．In many countries, teenagers ________ to do part-time jobs in their free time. A．were allowed B．allowed C．allow D．are allowed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在许多国家，青少年被允许在空闲时间做兼职工作。 根据“In many countries, teenagers...to do part-time jobs in their free time.”可知，主语teenagers与动词allow之间是被动关系，表示“被允许”，应用被动语态，结构为be+过去分词。句子陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语teenagers是复数，be动词用are。应填are allowed。 7．The 2025 Zhaotong Apple Cultural Festival ________ successfully in October. Many tourists enjoyed the sweet fruits. A．held B．was held C．is held D．holds 【答案】B 【详解】句意：2025 年昭通苹果文化节于 10 月成功举办，许多游客品尝了甜美的水果。 句子主语“The 2025 Zhaotong Apple Cultural Festival”与动词“hold（举办）”之间是被动关系，需使用被动语态；根据时间状语“in October”及后文“enjoyed”可知，时态为一般过去时，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was held”。A选项held为主动语态过去式；C选项is held为一般现在时被动语态；D选项holds为一般现在时主动语态，均不符合语境。故选B。 8．I think children ________ to make their own decisions about hobbies. A．should allow B．should be allowed C．should be allowing D．should have allowed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为孩子们应该被允许对自己的爱好做出决定。 主语children与动词allow之间是被动关系，即“孩子们被允许做出决定”。情态动词should引导的被动结构为“should be+过去分词”。动词allow变为过去分词可直接在词尾加ed，因此应填should be allowed。 9．A new Airport Express station ________ in the Wangjing area of Beijing in 2027. A．built B．was built C．will build D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2027年一个新的机场快线站将在北京望京地区被建造。 根据时间状语“in 2027”可知时态为一般将来时，主语“A new Airport Express station”与动词“build”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，结构为“will be + 过去分词”，即will be built。 10．—Dad just called and said that he wouldn’t be back until next week. —Yeah. All flights ________ because of the bad weather. A．have canceled B．have been canceled C．will be canceled D．is canceling 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——爸爸刚打电话来说他下周才回来。——是的。因为天气不好，所有的航班都被取消了。 航班取消是已经发生的事情，且航班是被取消，所以应该用现在完成时的被动语态，应填have been canceled。 考点2 非谓语动词 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 不定式 形式 “to + 动词原形”，可作多种成分，如主语、宾语等，不同时态、语态有对应构成。 2 动名词 构成 “动词原形 + -ing”，能充当主语、宾语等成分，特定动词或介词后常用。 3 分词 分现在分词（“动词原形 + -ing”）和过去分词（规则、不规则变化），各自在句中作多种成分，表意有别。 11．I am allowed ________ my dad’s computer if I ask him first. A．use B．to use C．using D．used 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果我先问我爸爸，我就被允许使用他的电脑。 allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”变为被动语态是 be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”。应填 to use。 12．She saw him ________ a picture in the classroom just now. A．draw B．draws C．drew D．drawing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她刚才看见他正在教室里画画。 see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行或看见当时的场景；see sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做了某事”，强调全过程。根据语境，看见他在教室里画画，侧重当时的场景，且“draw”为持续性动作，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。 13．—How do you practice your spoken English, Andrew? —By ________ English with my classmates. A．to speak B．speak C．speaking D．spoke 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——安德鲁，你怎么练习你的英语口语？——通过和同学们说英语。 介词by表示“通过……方式”，后接动词时需用动名词形式，即by doing sth.。应填speaking。 14．If you ask me, I would say that I won’t mind ________ abroad to enrich my knowledge. A．taking B．to take C．to be taken D．being taken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果你问我，我会说我不介意被带到国外去丰富我的知识。 taking动名词形式；to take不定式形式；to be taken不定式的被动语态；being taken动名词的被动语态。动词mind后接动名词作宾语，主语I与动词take之间是被动关系，表示“被带走”，需用动名词的被动式being done结构。 15．Our teachers advise us ________ a weekly plan to balance our study and rest properly. A．make B．to make C．making D．made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的老师建议我们制定每周计划，以适当平衡学习和休息。   句中advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”是固定搭配，此处应该用不定式作宾语补足语，应填to make。 16．“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. A．looking B．to look C．looked D．having looked 【答案】A 【详解】句意：鲍勃看着窗外说：“这样的天气我们不能出去。” 句中主语Bob与look之间是主动关系，且“看”的动作与“说”的动作同时进行，所以用现在分词形式作伴随状语。 17．Which do you enjoy ________ your weekends, fishing or watching TV? A．spending B．to spend C．being spent D．spend 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你喜欢哪一种方式来度过你的周末，钓鱼还是看电视？ spending花费（动名词）；to spend去花费（动词不定式）；being spent被花费（被动形式）；spend花费（动词原形）。疑问词Which指代后面的fishing or watching TV，作enjoy 的宾语，因此enjoy后不再接动名词作宾语。此处用动词不定式to spend作目的状语，表示享受这些活动是为了度过周末。 18．Tom knew little Chinese, so he couldn’t make himself ________ when he came to China. A．understand B．understood C．to understand D．understanding 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆几乎不懂中文，所以当他来到中国时，他无法使自己被理解。 make oneself understood意为“使自己被理解”，此处himself与understand构成被动关系，应该用过去分词形式。应填understood。 19．—What do you think of the song “Dream Bottom” by Hailai Amu? —Very touching. I often heard the song ________ by him on TV. A．sung B．to sing C．singing D．sing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得海来阿木的歌曲《Dream Bottom》怎么样？——非常感人，我经常在电视上听到这首歌被他演唱。 sung唱，过去分词；to sing去唱，动词不定式；singing正在唱，现在分词；sing唱，动词原形。根据语境可知，句中宾语the song与动词sing之间是被动关系，因此应该用过去分词sung作宾语补足语，表示这首歌被他演唱。 20．The 2029 Winter Asian Games will be held in Almaty, and many young people are looking forward to ________ the event in person. A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watched 【答案】B 【详解】句意：2029 年亚洲冬季运动会将在阿拉木图举办，许多年轻人都期盼能亲临现场观赛。 固定短语look forward to意为“期待”，其中to是介词，后接动名词形式，所以填watching。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 除初中八种基本时态外，还需掌握现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时的用法；将来完成时、将来进行时用法；除了初中几种被动形式外，还需掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态用法。在阅读理解中分析和理解时态和语态的使用，以及它们对文章意义的影响。在语法填空中准确使用时态和语态，各种非谓语动词形式。在翻译练习及写作中准确转换时态和语态，保持原文的意义和风格。使用非谓语动词增加句子表达的多样化及丰富性。 考点清单 一、时态语态主要知识点梳理 二、非谓语主要知识点梳理 表1. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成： 非谓语形式 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 特征和作用 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词作用 句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 现在分词 doing having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done 动名词 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 表2. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较： 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, finish, keep, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, turn to 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则用被动形式） 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事;stop doing 停止正在做的事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do（未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（已发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事） try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着） can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） 表3：接动名词的含有介词的固定句型： ①prevent/stop/keep sb.(sth.)from doing ②spend time(money) in doing sth. ③waste time (money) in doing sth. ④have some difficulty/trouble in doing sth. ⑤have a hard time in doing sth. ⑥there is no sense/point in doing sth. 一、时态语态难题易错题 1．My friend has returned from the UK. She ______ at Oxford for four years, during which time we communicated with each other on the Internet. A．had studied B．has been studying C．has studied D．studied 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我的朋友从英国回来了。她在牛津学习了四年，期间我们通过互联网保持联系。根据“My friend has returned from the UK.”和“during which time we communicated with each other on the Internet”可知，“学习”的动作发生在过去特定时间段，且已经结束，因此用一般过去时描述过去发生的动作。A. had studied过去完成时，强调在另一个过去动作之前完成，但句中无其他过去动作参照；B. has been studying现在完成进行时，强调动作持续至今，与“已回国”矛盾；C. has studied现在完成时，强调与现在的联系，但“学习”动作已终止。故选D。 2．The Chinese animated blockbuster Ne Zha 2, which ______ traditional Chinese culture, ______ an estimated of 1. 5 billion yuan at the box-office since its release, ______ to audiences of all ages. A．draws on; has sold; appealing B．drawing on; has been sold; appealed C．draws on; is sold; appealing D．drawing on; sells; appealed 【答案】A 【详解】动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致。  句意：中国动画大片《哪吒2》借鉴了中国传统文化，自上映以来票房已突破15亿元，吸引了各个年龄段的观众。which 引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语，且在陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。主语为The Chinese animated blockbuster Ne Zha 2，谓语为单数形式，所以第一个空为draws on。根据since its release可知，第二个空为现在完成时，主语与谓语为主动关系，所以空处为has sold；第三个空为非谓语动词，The Chinese animated blockbuster Ne Zha 2与appeal to之间为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故选A项。 3．Beidou, ______ as China’s self-developed satellite navigation system, ______a crucial role in various fields such as transportation, surveying and mapping, and national security. A．considered; playing B．being considered; has played C．considered; has played D．considering; playing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。句意：北斗，被认为是中国自主研发的卫星导航系统，已经在交通、测绘以及国家安全等各个领域中发挥着至关重要的作用。第一空作后置定语，Beidou和consider为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式；第二空作谓语，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时。故选C。 4．Linda ________ the experiment a month ago but changed her mind at the last minute, otherwise she ________ important data by now. A．started; would collect B．was to start; would have collected C．would start; collected D．was to start; would be collecting 【答案】B 【详解】考查不定式，时态，主谓一致和虚拟语气。句意：琳达本打算在一个月前开始这项实验，但在最后一刻改变了主意，否则她现在早就收集到重要的数据了。由“a month ago but changed her mind”可知，句子表示“琳达本打算在一个月前开始这项实验，但在最后一刻改变了主意”，第一空用不定式表打算，由changed可知，时态是一般过去时，主语Linda是单数，因此第一空是was to start；otherwise意为“否则”，第二空是含蓄虚拟条件句，空格处用“情态动词+have done”，句子表示“否则她现在早就收集到重要的数据了”，空格处的情态动词用would，因此第二空是would have collected。故选B。 5．By the end of his career, Isaac Newton was ________ with producing over 500 books, many of which ________ groundbreaking theories across multiple disciplines. A．flooded; involving B．credited; introduced C．impressed; covered D．engaged; presented 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在其职业生涯末期，Isaac Newton被公认为著有超过500部著作，其中许多著作在多个学科领域提出了具有开创性的理论。A. flooded（使）淹没；involving使参加；B. credited认为是……的功劳，给予承认；introduced首次引入（某物）；C. impressed使人印象深刻；covered覆盖；D. engaged参加，从事；presented呈现。由“producing over 500 books”可知，句子表示“Isaac Newton被公认为著有超过500部著作”，be credited with意为“被认为对某事有功”，因此第一空是credited。由“groundbreaking theories across multiple disciplines”可知，第二空所在句子表示“其中许多著作在多个学科领域提出了具有开创性的理论”，第二空意为“首次引入（某物）”。故选B。 6．Scientists used sonar to map the seafloor where the plane ________, ________ for any remnants. A．was thought crashing; searched B．was thought to crash; searching C．was thought to have crashed; searching D．thought to have crashed; searched 【答案】C 【详解】考查不定式和非谓语动词。句意：科学家们使用声纳绘制了被认为是飞机坠毁地点的海底地图，寻找飞机残骸。sb. be thought to do sth.是固定短语，意为“某人被认为做某事”，由used可知，时态是一般过去时，crash的动作已经发生，因此不定式用完成式，主语plane是单数，因此第一空是was thought to have crashed；句中谓语是used，第二空用非谓语动词，Scientists和search之间是主谓关系，因此第二空用现在分词表主动，作状语。故选C。 7．In the past few months, the international community ________ a series of peace-seeking efforts in the Israel-Palestine conflict. A．saw B．has seen C．had seen D．sees 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的几个月里，国际社会在以色列——巴勒斯坦冲突中见证了一系列寻求和平的努力。根据题干中的时间状语In the past few months可知，see“看见”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语the international community是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故选B。 8．Our two senior programmers ________ each other ever since they were at college. A．know B．knew C．have known D．are knowing 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们的两名资深程序员自从上大学以来就认识彼此了。本空为主句谓语，根据本句中时间状语从句ever since they were at college可知，know“认识”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语Our two senior programmers是复数，所以助动词用have，谓语用have known。故选C。 9．They became friends again that day. Until then, they ________ to each other for nearly two years. A．didn’t speak B．hadn’t spoken C．haven’t spoken D．spoke 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：那天他们又成了朋友。在那之前，他们已经有近两年没说过话了。“他们已经有近两年没说过话”发生在“他们又成了朋友”之前，表示过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故选B项。 10．By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks. A．had stayed B．shall stay C．will have stayed D．have been staying 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态辨析。句意：等你到达伦敦的时候，我们将已经在欧洲待了两周了。A. had stayed过去完成时，表示过去的过去；B. shall stay一般将来时，表示将来会做某事；C. will have stayed将来完成时，表示在将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作；D. have been staying现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还可能继续下去。根据“By the time you arrive in London”可知，这是一个将来的时间点，“待在欧洲两周”这个动作在你到达伦敦这个将来时间之前就会完成，所以要用将来完成时。故选C项。 11．The shy boy ____________ to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. A．had planned B．planned C．plans D．has planned 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：由于在新地方感到孤独和悲伤，这个害羞的男孩本打算退学，但与校长的一次简短交谈帮助了他。本空为but前句子的谓语，plan“计划”发生在helped“帮助”之前，表示过去的过去发生的事情，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had planned。故选A。 12．The question as to whether there will be more tornadoes as the season ________ remains uncertain. A．will continue B．has continued C．is continuing D．continues 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：随着季节的推移，是否会刮起更多龙卷风这个问题仍不确定。whether引导名词性从句作as to的宾语，该宾语从句中as引导时间状语从句，主句“there will be more tornadoes”为一般将来时，应遵循“主将从现”的原则，状语从句应用一般现在时表将来。故选D。 13．The baby is generally healthy thanks to the intensive care of health professionals, and yet every now and then he ________a cold. A．has caught B．is catching C．will catch D．catches 【答案】D 【详解】考查一般现在时。句意：多亏了医护人员的精心照料，这个婴儿总体上很健康，然而时不时他还是会感冒。根据时间状语every now and then（时不时）可知，这个句子应该使用一般现在时。故选D项。 14．—I will come to attend your lecture at 10: 00 tomorrow. —I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I ________ my guests in my office. A．am meeting B．will meet C．will be meeting D．will have met 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：句意：——我明天10点来听你的讲座。——对不起，到那时我的演讲就结束了，我将在办公室会见我的客人。分析可知，所填空应是谓语，根据前文“by then my lecture will have ended(到那时我的讲座就结束了)”可知，应用将来进行时表达“那时”将会正在发生的动作。故选C项。 15．When the old man to walk back to his house, the sun itself behind the mountain. A．started; had already hidden B．had started; had already hidden C．had started; was hiding D．was starting; hid 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当老人开始往回走的时候，太阳已经躲在山后面了。根据句意可知，when引导的从句是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主句动作发生在从句动作之前，所以使用过去完成时态。故选A项。 16．I to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. A．have hoped B．had hoped C．hoped D．hope 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。结合句意，表达“本打算做某事”用had hoped to do。故选B。 17．Jerry, together with his workmates, in the supermarket at this time yesterday. A．are shopping B．is shopping C．was shopping D．were shopping 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：昨天这个时候，杰瑞和他的同事们正在超市购物。根据后文 at this time yesterday可知为过去进行时，且谓语与Jerry保持一致，用单数。故选C。 18．I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ________ in a radio factory at that time. A．had worked B．has worked C．was working D．has been working 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我10年前第一次见到汤姆，当时他在一家无线电工厂工作。根据at that time可知表示过去正在发生的事情，时态是过去进行时，结构为was/were+动词ing形式，主语是he，所以be动词用was，work的动词ing形式就是working。故选C。 19．By the time you arrive in London, we ______ in Europe for two weeks. A．will stay B．will have stayed C．have stayed D．have been staying 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：当你到达伦敦时，我们已经在欧洲待了两周。by the time +一般现在时，主句用将来完成时。故选B项。 20．By the time she graduate next year, Sarah ________three internships, laying a solid foundation for her future career. A．will complete B．will have completed C．has completed D．had completed 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：到明年毕业时，Sarah将完成三次实习，为她未来的职业生涯奠定坚实的基础。by the time为固定短语，意为“到……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，与完成时态连用。根据本句时间状语“By the time she graduate next year”可知，主句强调在明年她毕业这个将来的时间点之前，Sarah已经完成了三次实习，故需用将来完成时。故选B项。 21．A library with six thousand books ________ to the school as a gift. A．is offered B．has offered C．are offered D．have offered 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意：一个有六千本书的图书馆被作为礼物提供给了这所学校。空处为句子谓语动词，主语A library为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，主语与动词offer之间为被动关系，A选项is offered是一般现在时的被动语态，符合语法和句意。故选A。 22．The new policy ______ carefully by the management team at the moment, and its final version will be shared next week. A．is being discussed B．is discussing C．is discussed D．is being discuss 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：目前，管理团队正在仔细讨论新政策，最终版本将于下周公布。根据“at the moment”可知此处是描述正在发生的事情，且主语policy和动词discuss之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态，故选A。 23．Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．were given B．was given C．have been given D．has been given 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。艾米和她的兄弟们是被欢迎，由last week可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词根据前面的主语确定，即根据Amy确定，Amy是单数，因此空格处是was given。故选B。 24．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it________. A．is painted B．was painted C．was painting D．was being painted 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去进行时的被动形式。句意：放学后我们去阅读室读书，结果被告知阅览室正在被粉刷。told 后为that引导的宾语从句，it指代the reading room，时间状语为after school，根据句意可知，阅览室在我去那儿的时候是正在被刷漆，故用过去进行时的被动语态，was/were being done，故选D。 25．Mrs. Novak heard that she ________ to a post in a nearby school. A．will promote B．would be promoted C．had promoted D．has been promoted 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：诺瓦克夫人听说她将被提升到附近一所学校任职。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，promote与主语she是动宾关系，应用被动语态，由主句谓语动词heard可知，此处表示站在过去看将要发生的事情，应用过去将来时。故选B。 26．With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ________ in the past few years. A．have discovered B．were discovered C．have been discovered D．were being discovered 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：在高科技的帮助下，近年来发现了越来越多的新物质。根据该句时间状语in the past few years可知，此处为现在完成时，结合substances和动词discover为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选C项。 27．A rescue worker risked his life to save two tourists who _______ in the mountains for two days. A．had been trapped B．have been trapped C．have trapped D．were trapped 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名在山里被困了两天的游客。who引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词two tourists，由句意可知，游客“被困”发生在“被救”之前，risked为一般过去时，表示在过去的动作之前发生的动作，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时，two tourists和trap之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选A。 28．Due to new proper measures, by the end of this month, the carbon footprint produced by the cattle farm by about 30%. A．has been reduced B．will have reduced C．has been reducing D．will have been reduced 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：由于采取了新的适当措施，到本月底，养牛场产生的碳足迹将减少30%左右。碳足迹是被减少，由“by the end of this month”可知，句子时态用将来完成时，因此空格处是将来完成时的被动语态，即will have been done，故选D。 29．It’s reported that by the end of this year, huge quantities of good earth ______ due to deforestation. A．will have been washed away B．is being washed away C．are being washed away D．will have washed away 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：据报道，到今年年底，大量的好土将因为森林砍伐而被冲走。泥土是被冲走，空格处用被动语态，排除D选项；由by the end of this year可知，句子时态用将来完成时，因此空格处是将来完成时的被动语态，即will have been done，故选A。 30．No matter how advanced modern equipment is, letters _________ in expressing people’s feelings. A．will never replace B．will never be replaced C．never replace D．have never been replaced 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：无论现代设备多么先进，在表达人们的感情方面，字母是永远无法取代的。该句是复合句，含no matter how引导的让步状语从句，从句是一般现在时，主句表示将来，且句子主语letters和谓语动词replace之间是被动关系，是一般将来时的被动语态。故选B。 二、非谓语难题易错题 1．Every minute must be made full use of ________ English. A．studying B．to have studied C．having studied D．to study 【答案】D 【详解】句意：必须充分利用每一分钟来学习英语。利用每一分钟的目的是学习英语，用不定式to study作目的状语。 2．Gan Ying, a military envoy, explored the Persian Gulf and became the first Chinese _____ information on Europe. A．to get B．getting C．to be get D．having get 【答案】A 【详解】句意：甘英，一位军事使者，探索了波斯湾，成为第一个获得欧洲信息的中国人。名词前有the first等序数词时，其后的后置定语通常用动词不定式。句中“the first Chinese”后应接动词不定式作后置定语，且Chinese与get之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故使用不定式的主动形式。 3．________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A．Exposed B．Having exposed C．Being exposed D．Exposing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：长时间暴露在阳光下会对人的皮肤造成伤害。空处在句中作主语，且表示一般性、习惯性的动作，故应用动名词形式。动词expose(使暴露)与逻辑主语（人）之间为被动关系，故此处应用动名词的被动式being exposed。位于句首应大写首字母。 4．For both Tao Yuanming and Thoreau, true contentment lay in ________ close to nature and living simply. A．be B．being C．been D．to be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对于陶渊明和梭罗来说，真正的满足在于亲近自然和简单生活。本空为介词in的宾语，用动名词形式being。 5．______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A．To work B．Having worked C．To be working D．Worked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：工作了两天，史蒂夫终于按时完成了报告。句中已有谓语动词managed，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语Steve与work之间是主动关系，且work这一动作发生在谓语动词之前，因此需使用现在分词的完成式having worked。 6．________ back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. A．Seating B．Sitting C．Sit D．Being seated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：靠在座位上，我简直不敢相信，我即将沿着那条曾被许多外国专家断言“不可能建成”的铁路前行。句子的主干为“I can’t quite believe that...”，逗号前的部分在句中作状语。动词seat意为“使就座”，常用结构为“seat oneself”或“be seated”，本题中适合用过去分词seated作状语，排除AD；动词sit意为“坐”，与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式sitting作伴随状语，句首单词首字母大写。 7．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially __________ to help them succeed academically and personally. A．designed B．designing C．to design D．having been designed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：现在大多数大学都为一年级学生提供一门专门设计的课程，以帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。名词a course与动词design之间为逻辑上的被动关系，作定语。 8．Once you make a decision on the host city, millions of people start to make plans ________ on that and hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on it. A．based B．to be based C．basing D．having based 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦你决定了主办城市，数以百万计的人就会开始基于此制定计划，并且数亿美元也会花费在上面。空格处在句中作后置定语修饰名词plans。固定搭配be based on意为“基于……”，此处plans与动词base之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用过去分词形式作后置定语。 9．When the little girl opened the window the next morning, she was excited to find the whole ground ________ with snow. A．covered B．covering C．to cover D．to be covered 【答案】A 【详解】句意：第二天早上，当小女孩打开窗户时，她兴奋地发现整个地面都被雪覆盖了。空处考查“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语the whole ground与动词cover之间为被动关系，且表示一种已经完成的状态，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。 10．The collapse of the bridge is now believed ________ during the heavy rainfall last night. A．occurring B．to be occurring C．to have occurred D．to have been occurring 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在人们认为这座桥的坍塌发生在昨晚暴雨期间。be believed to do sth.是固定结构，意为“被认为做某事”。由于桥坍塌这个动作发生在“现在认为”之前，所以用不定式的完成式to have occurred。 二、完成句子 1．她从八岁开始就一直打网球。 She since she was eight. 【答案】has been playing tennis 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。表示“从过去到现在一直在做某事”使用现在完成进行时“have/has been doing ”，“打网球”为“play tennis”，主语she为单数意义，故填has been playing tennis。 2．到目前为止，这一概念被运用于绘画、建筑和雕塑中。 So far, this concept   painting, architecture and sculpture. 【答案】has been applied to 【详解】考查时态主谓一致和动词短语。“被应用于”be applied to，由So far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been applied to。 3．I (参加考试) at 2: 30 tomorrow afternoon, so I can’t go skating with you. 【答案】will be taking an exam 【详解】考查时态。句意：我明天下午两点半要考试，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰了。“参加考试”表达为take an exam；根据“at 2:30 tomorrow afternoon”可知，此处陈述将来某个时刻正在发生的事情，应用将来进行时。故填will be taking an exam。 4．昨天当我进来时，我妈妈在浏览我的日记。 My mother my diaries I came in yesterday. 【答案】 was looking through when 【详解】考查时态和固定句型：浏览： look through ；句式结构 be doing ...when ，根据“when I came in yesterday .”可知进来的时候，妈妈正在浏览我的日记，用过去进行时 was / were doing ，主语是 My mother , be 动词用 was。故填was looking through； when。 5．Since your computer (正在被修理), you can use mine. 【答案】is being repaired/is under repair 【详解】考查动词时态语态和介词短语。句意：既然你的电脑正在修理，你可以用我的。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据汉语提示，表示“正在被修理”可以使用现在进行时的被动语态，即is being repaired；也可以使用is under repair，介词短语作表语。故答案为is being repaired或者is under repair。 6．多年来我们一直要求更好的居住条件。 For years we better living conditions. 【答案】have been demanding 【详解】考查动词。结合句意“要求”可知应用动词demand，根据上文可知表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，应用现在完成进行时，主语为we，助动词用have。故填have been demanding。 7．在过去的十年里，在医学和环境科学领域取得了巨大的进步。 In the past ten years, in medicine and environmental science. 【答案】great advances have been made/great progress has been made 【详解】考查时态语态和名词。表示“巨大的进步”短语为great advances或great progress；此处谓语为make与主语构成被动关系，根据上文In the past ten years可知为现在完成时的被动语态。故填great advances have been made/great progress has been made。 8．当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。 The advantages and disadvantages of this machine when I went into the meeting room. 【答案】were being discussed 【详解】考查时态和语态。“讨论”为discuss，主语“dvantages and disadvantages”承受discuss的动作，结合“when I went into the meeting room”可知，谓语动词使用过去进行时的被动语态，并且主语为复数意义，故填were being discussed。 9．北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。 the northeast of China, Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 【答案】 Located in 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is，空处应使用非谓语形式，“位于”可使用固定短语be located in，动词locate与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此可省略be动词使用过去分词作状语，位于句首时首字母大写。故填①Located；②in。 10．明天上午十点我要去机场给一个朋友送行。 I at the airport at ten tomorrow morning. 【答案】will be seeing a friend off 【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。“给……送行”可表示为see sb. off，off为副词，修饰see，“一个朋友”可表示为a friend。根据时间状语at ten tomorrow morning可知，这里表示在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故填will be seeing a friend off。 11．得知五分之四的票已经被预订了，经理很高兴。 The manager was happy to learn that four­fifths of the tickets . 【答案】had been booked 【详解】考查时态语态。表示“预订”应用动词book，且与主语构成被动关系，根据上文was可知表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been booked。 12．这些年她一直在为这家杂志撰稿。 She articles to this magazine all these years. 【答案】has been contributing 【详解】考查动词及时态。表示“撰稿”应用动词contribute；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话有all these years作时间状语，谓语用现在完成进行时，主语是She，谓语用第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。故填has been contributing。 13．I had to move to another room because (我的房间在装修) then. 【答案】mine was being decorated 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：我不得不搬到另一个房间，因为我的房间正在装修。表示“我的”用mine，作主语。结合句子意思和had可知，because引导的原因状语从句用过去进行时，表示过去正在发生的事情，表示“装修”用decorate，与主语mine为被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态。主语mine为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填mine was being decorated。 14．他爱好广泛，从书法到吉它都很喜欢。 He has diverse interests, calligraphy guitar-playing. 【答案】 ranging from to 【详解】考查动词短语。“从……到……”用动词短语range from...to...；空格后的部分应该用非谓语形式作定语，修饰名词interests，动词range与名词interests之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词形式作定语。故填ranging from；to 15．More people tend to celebrate Christmas, with business (利用) the occasions. 【答案】 taking advantage of 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：越来越多的人倾向于庆祝圣诞节，商家也趁此机会加以利用。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语take advantage of“利用”。该动词短语在句中作宾语补足语，和宾语business之间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补。故填①taking②advantage③of。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How do you usually buy what you need, shopping online or going out to shop in person? With the help of the Internet, shopping is 1 (easy) than before. We can just click our mouse to choose the items we like, pay for them online, and the shopping is 2 (finish). It is easy and quick. It helps save money，too. We can save thousands a year if we compare the prices of similar items before deciding which 3 (buy). However, there are always traps in shopping online.If we are not 4 (care), we may get into trouble. For example, we may find the colour of the item different 5 that in the picture online. Sometimes, the size of the item we receive can be too big 6 too small. 7 (avoid) such troubles, we should compare similar items on different online stores and pay more attention to what other customers say. From their 8 (comment), we can know better about an item’s colour, size as well as 9 (it) shortcomings. In this way we increase our chance of buying 10 more satisfactory item. 【答案】 1．easier 2．finished 3．to buy 4．careful 5．from 6．or 7．To avoid 8．comments 9．its 10．a 【导语】本文主要介绍了网购相比线下购物更加便捷、省钱，同时指出网购存在的一些陷阱，并给出了规避网购问题的实用建议。 【详解】1．考查形容词比较级。句意：在网络的帮助下，购物比以前更容易了。句中出现比较级标志词 than，形容词easy需使用比较级形式easier。 2．考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：我们只需点击鼠标挑选心仪的商品、线上付款，购物就完成了。主语the shopping与动词finish 之间为被动关系，应用被动语态be + 过去分词，finish的过去分词为finished。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果我们在决定买哪一件商品之前对比同类商品的价格，每年能省下数千元。固定结构“疑问词+不定式”在句中作宾语，此处用to buy。 4．考查形容词作表语。句意：如果我们不够细心，就可能陷入麻烦。空格位于 be 动词后，需填入形容词作表语，care对应的形容词为careful，意为“细心的”。 5．考查固定介词搭配。句意：举例来说，我们可能会发现商品的颜色和网上图片中的颜色不一样。固定搭配 different from，表示“与……不同”。 6．考查并列连词。句意：有时候，我们收到的商品尺寸可能偏大或者偏小。根据“too big”和“too small”可知，此处表示选择关系，or 意为“或者”。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免这类麻烦，我们应该对比不同网店的同类商品，多留意其他顾客的评价。此处用动词不定式置于句首，表动作的目的，句首单词首字母大写。 8．考查名词复数。句意：从他们的评价中，我们能更好地了解商品的颜色、尺寸以及它的缺点。comment 为可数名词，前文their表示“他们的”，后接可数名词复数形式。 9．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：从他们的评价中，我们能更好地了解商品的颜色、尺寸以及它的缺点。空格后为名词shortcomings，需用形容词性物主代词its作定语，指代商品的。 10．考查不定冠词。句意：这样一来，我们买到更称心商品的几率就会增加。此处泛指“一件更满意的商品”，more发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。 二、阅读理解 Virtue is the most valuable treasure for teenagers during their growth. It shapes our character and guides our behavior as we grow up. In daily life, we may easily meet various moral dilemmas: whether to tell the truth when we make mistakes, whether to assist a classmate in trouble, or whether to donate little things to people in need. These small but meaningful choices do not seem important at the moment, but they slowly shape our personalities and values, deciding what kind of people we will become in the future. Li Yue, a high school student with a kind heart, once faced such a tough moral choice. Last week, she accidentally picked up a wallet with a large amount of cash on her way to school. At that time, her family was going through a hard time and was badly short of money. Worse still, she had to prepare for extra tuition fees, which added more pressure to her family. For a short moment, she felt extremely confused and even had the selfish thought of keeping the money to solve her family’s problem. However, she soon calmed down and reminded herself of the precious virtue of honesty. She knew clearly that honesty is more important than money. She finally turned to the community noticeboard and tried her best to find the true owner. After her efforts, the owner was found successfully. The owner was deeply moved by her honesty and wanted to give her some cash as a reward, but Li Yue refused it politely without hesitation. In fact, nobody can avoid facing moral challenges in life. We cannot always complain about life’s difficulties or give in to temporary temptation. Instead, we should actively choose to do right things, stick to basic moral rules, and respect social justice. Only in this way can we improve ourselves and build a warm and harmonious society. 11．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The meaning of moral dilemmas for teens B．How teenagers can get good grades C．The daily study pressure of students D．Different ways to donate to charity 12．What made Li Yue fall into a moral dilemma? A．She lost her wallet on the way to school. B．She was short of money for tuition. C．She failed to finish her homework on time. D．She argued with her classmates. 13．Which of the following is true about Li Yue? A．She accepted the owner’s money in the end. B．She kept the wallet for her family. C．She chose honesty over personal interest. D．She posted the noticeboard with her teacher’s help. 14．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that . A．moral rules are easy for everyone to follow B．we should resist temptation and keep virtuous C．life difficulties can change people’s values D．teenagers have no chance to do voluntary work 【答案】11．A 12．B 13．C 14．B 【导语】主要讲述品德对青少年成长的意义，并通过李悦拾金不昧的故事倡导坚守道德准则。 【详解】11．主旨大意题。通读第一段，尤其是第一段中的“Virtue is the most valuable treasure for teenagers during their growth. It shapes our character and guides our behavior as we grow up. In daily life, we may easily meet various moral dilemmas(品德是青少年成长过程中最宝贵的财富。它塑造我们的性格，指引我们成长中的行为。在日常生活中，我们很容易遇到各种各样的道德困境)”可知，第一段主要讲述道德困境对于青少年的意义。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Last week, she accidentally picked up a wallet with a large amount of cash on her way to school. At that time, her family was going through a hard time and was badly short of money. Worse still, she had to prepare for extra tuition fees, which added more pressure to her family.(上周，她在上学路上意外捡到一个装有大量现金的钱包。那时她家处境艰难，十分缺钱。更糟的是，她还需要准备额外的学费，这给家里增添了更多压力。)”可知，学费资金短缺让李悦陷入了道德困境。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, she soon calmed down and reminded herself of the precious virtue of honesty. She knew clearly that honesty is more important than money. She finally turned to the community noticeboard and tried her best to find the true owner.(然而，她很快冷静下来，想起了诚实这一宝贵的品德。她清楚地知道诚实比金钱更重要。最后她借助社区公告栏，尽力寻找失主。)”可知，李悦选择坚守诚实，放弃了个人利益。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We cannot always complain about life’s difficulties or give in to temporary temptation. Instead, we should actively choose to do right things, stick to basic moral rules, and respect social justice.(我们不能总是抱怨生活的难处，也不能向一时的诱惑屈服。相反，我们应当主动选择做正确的事，坚守基本的道德准则，维护社会公平正义。)”可知，文章意在告诉我们要抵制诱惑、坚守品德。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点16 时态语态非谓语综合 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段的英语学习注重基础语法的掌握和应用，因此对动词时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够理解并正确使用这些时态和语态来表达不同的时间和动作状态。 高中阶段对时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够在各种语境中准确、灵活地使用不同的时态和语态。非谓语部分是高中语法重点内容，需熟练掌握动名词、现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态变化及语法功能。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1 时态语态 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 基本时态 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时基本构成和用法；理解现在进行时、过去进行时构成及表示正在进行动作；掌握现在完成时、过去完成时构成及表示动作完成或对现在影响 2 被动语态 理解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时被动语态的基本构成 3 时态的一致性 在复合句（如时间状语从句、条件状语从句）中保持主句和从句时态一致性 4 语态的转换 理解主动语态和被动语态之间转换及在不同语境中的使用 5 时态信号词 识别时态信号词（如时间状语）帮助确定句子时态 1．With the help of my teachers, I ________ much progress in my studies since last year. A．are making B．will make C．was making D．have made 2．—David, you look so busy. What are you doing? —I ________ a secret gift for my grandma. A．prepare B．prepared C．am preparing D．will prepare 3．By the end of last month, we ________ more than 2000 books for the Hope School in Ludian County. A．have collected B．collected C．had collected D．will collect 4．By the end of last term, we ________ more than 2,000 English words. A．learned B．have learned C．would learn D．had learned 5．—I called you at eight last night, but no one answered. —Oh, I ________ a shower at that time. A．took B．take C．am taking D．was taking 6．In many countries, teenagers ________ to do part-time jobs in their free time. A．were allowed B．allowed C．allow D．are allowed 7．The 2025 Zhaotong Apple Cultural Festival ________ successfully in October. Many tourists enjoyed the sweet fruits. A．held B．was held C．is held D．holds 8．I think children ________ to make their own decisions about hobbies. A．should allow B．should be allowed C．should be allowing D．should have allowed 9．A new Airport Express station ________ in the Wangjing area of Beijing in 2027. A．built B．was built C．will build D．will be built 10．—Dad just called and said that he wouldn’t be back until next week. —Yeah. All flights ________ because of the bad weather. A．have canceled B．have been canceled C．will be canceled D．is canceling 考点2 非谓语动词 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 不定式 形式 “to + 动词原形”，可作多种成分，如主语、宾语等，不同时态、语态有对应构成。 2 动名词 构成 “动词原形 + -ing”，能充当主语、宾语等成分，特定动词或介词后常用。 3 分词 分现在分词（“动词原形 + -ing”）和过去分词（规则、不规则变化），各自在句中作多种成分，表意有别。 11．I am allowed ________ my dad’s computer if I ask him first. A．use B．to use C．using D．used 12．She saw him ________ a picture in the classroom just now. A．draw B．draws C．drew D．drawing 13．—How do you practice your spoken English, Andrew? —By ________ English with my classmates. A．to speak B．speak C．speaking D．spoke 14．If you ask me, I would say that I won’t mind ________ abroad to enrich my knowledge. A．taking B．to take C．to be taken D．being taken 15．Our teachers advise us ________ a weekly plan to balance our study and rest properly. A．make B．to make C．making D．made 16．“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. A．looking B．to look C．looked D．having looked 17．Which do you enjoy ________ your weekends, fishing or watching TV? A．spending B．to spend C．being spent D．spend 18．Tom knew little Chinese, so he couldn’t make himself ________ when he came to China. A．understand B．understood C．to understand D．understanding 19．—What do you think of the song “Dream Bottom” by Hailai Amu? —Very touching. I often heard the song ________ by him on TV. A．sung B．to sing C．singing D．sing 20．The 2029 Winter Asian Games will be held in Almaty, and many young people are looking forward to ________ the event in person. A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watched 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 除初中八种基本时态外，还需掌握现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时的用法；将来完成时、将来进行时用法；除了初中几种被动形式外，还需掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态用法。在阅读理解中分析和理解时态和语态的使用，以及它们对文章意义的影响。在语法填空中准确使用时态和语态，各种非谓语动词形式。在翻译练习及写作中准确转换时态和语态，保持原文的意义和风格。使用非谓语动词增加句子表达的多样化及丰富性。 考点清单 一、时态语态主要知识点梳理 二、非谓语主要知识点梳理 表1. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成： 非谓语形式 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 特征和作用 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词作用 句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 现在分词 doing having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done 动名词 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 表2. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较： 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, finish, keep, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, turn to 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则用被动形式） 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事;stop doing 停止正在做的事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do（未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（已发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事） try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着） can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） 表3：接动名词的含有介词的固定句型： ①prevent/stop/keep sb.(sth.)from doing ②spend time(money) in doing sth. ③waste time (money) in doing sth. ④have some difficulty/trouble in doing sth. ⑤have a hard time in doing sth. ⑥there is no sense/point in doing sth. 一、时态语态难题易错题 1．My friend has returned from the UK. She ______ at Oxford for four years, during which time we communicated with each other on the Internet. A．had studied B．has been studying C．has studied D．studied 2．The Chinese animated blockbuster Ne Zha 2, which ______ traditional Chinese culture, ______ an estimated of 1. 5 billion yuan at the box-office since its release, ______ to audiences of all ages. A．draws on; has sold; appealing B．drawing on; has been sold; appealed C．draws on; is sold; appealing D．drawing on; sells; appealed 3．Beidou, ______ as China’s self-developed satellite navigation system, ______a crucial role in various fields such as transportation, surveying and mapping, and national security. A．considered; playing B．being considered; has played C．considered; has played D．considering; playing 4．Linda ________ the experiment a month ago but changed her mind at the last minute, otherwise she ________ important data by now. A．started; would collect B．was to start; would have collected C．would start; collected D．was to start; would be collecting 5．By the end of his career, Isaac Newton was ________ with producing over 500 books, many of which ________ groundbreaking theories across multiple disciplines. A．flooded; involving B．credited; introduced C．impressed; covered D．engaged; presented 6．Scientists used sonar to map the seafloor where the plane ________, ________ for any remnants. A．was thought crashing; searched B．was thought to crash; searching C．was thought to have crashed; searching D．thought to have crashed; searched 7．In the past few months, the international community ________ a series of peace-seeking efforts in the Israel-Palestine conflict. A．saw B．has seen C．had seen D．sees 8．Our two senior programmers ________ each other ever since they were at college. A．know B．knew C．have known D．are knowing 9．They became friends again that day. Until then, they ________ to each other for nearly two years. A．didn’t speak B．hadn’t spoken C．haven’t spoken D．spoke 10．By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks. A．had stayed B．shall stay C．will have stayed D．have been staying 11．The shy boy ____________ to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. A．had planned B．planned C．plans D．has planned 12．The question as to whether there will be more tornadoes as the season ________ remains uncertain. A．will continue B．has continued C．is continuing D．continues 13．The baby is generally healthy thanks to the intensive care of health professionals, and yet every now and then he ________a cold. A．has caught B．is catching C．will catch D．catches 14．—I will come to attend your lecture at 10: 00 tomorrow. —I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I ________ my guests in my office. A．am meeting B．will meet C．will be meeting D．will have met 15．When the old man to walk back to his house, the sun itself behind the mountain. A．started; had already hidden B．had started; had already hidden C．had started; was hiding D．was starting; hid 16．I to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. A．have hoped B．had hoped C．hoped D．hope 17．Jerry, together with his workmates, in the supermarket at this time yesterday. A．are shopping B．is shopping C．was shopping D．were shopping 18．I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ________ in a radio factory at that time. A．had worked B．has worked C．was working D．has been working 19．By the time you arrive in London, we ______ in Europe for two weeks. A．will stay B．will have stayed C．have stayed D．have been staying 20．By the time she graduate next year, Sarah ________three internships, laying a solid foundation for her future career. A．will complete B．will have completed C．has completed D．had completed 21．A library with six thousand books ________ to the school as a gift. A．is offered B．has offered C．are offered D．have offered 22．The new policy ______ carefully by the management team at the moment, and its final version will be shared next week. A．is being discussed B．is discussing C．is discussed D．is being discuss 23．Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．were given B．was given C．have been given D．has been given 24．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it________. A．is painted B．was painted C．was painting D．was being painted 25．Mrs. Novak heard that she ________ to a post in a nearby school. A．will promote B．would be promoted C．had promoted D．has been promoted 26．With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ________ in the past few years. A．have discovered B．were discovered C．have been discovered D．were being discovered 27．A rescue worker risked his life to save two tourists who _______ in the mountains for two days. A．had been trapped B．have been trapped C．have trapped D．were trapped 28．Due to new proper measures, by the end of this month, the carbon footprint produced by the cattle farm by about 30%. A．has been reduced B．will have reduced C．has been reducing D．will have been reduced 29．It’s reported that by the end of this year, huge quantities of good earth ______ due to deforestation. A．will have been washed away B．is being washed away C．are being washed away D．will have washed away 30．No matter how advanced modern equipment is, letters _________ in expressing people’s feelings. A．will never replace B．will never be replaced C．never replace D．have never been replaced 二、非谓语难题易错题 1．Every minute must be made full use of ________ English. A．studying B．to have studied C．having studied D．to study 2．Gan Ying, a military envoy, explored the Persian Gulf and became the first Chinese _____ information on Europe. A．to get B．getting C．to be get D．having get 3．________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A．Exposed B．Having exposed C．Being exposed D．Exposing 4．For both Tao Yuanming and Thoreau, true contentment lay in ________ close to nature and living simply. A．be B．being C．been D．to be 5．______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A．To work B．Having worked C．To be working D．Worked 6．________ back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. A．Seating B．Sitting C．Sit D．Being seated 7．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially __________ to help them succeed academically and personally. A．designed B．designing C．to design D．having been designed 8．Once you make a decision on the host city, millions of people start to make plans ________ on that and hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on it. A．based B．to be based C．basing D．having based 9．When the little girl opened the window the next morning, she was excited to find the whole ground ________ with snow. A．covered B．covering C．to cover D．to be covered 10．The collapse of the bridge is now believed ________ during the heavy rainfall last night. A．occurring B．to be occurring C．to have occurred D．to have been occurring 三、完成句子 1．她从八岁开始就一直打网球。She since she was eight. 2．到目前为止，这一概念被运用于绘画、建筑和雕塑中。 So far, this concept   painting, architecture and sculpture. 3．I (参加考试) at 2: 30 tomorrow afternoon, so I can’t go skating with you. 4．昨天当我进来时，我妈妈在浏览我的日记。 My mother my diaries I came in yesterday. 5．Since your computer (正在被修理), you can use mine. 6．多年来我们一直要求更好的居住条件。 For years we better living conditions. 7．在过去的十年里，在医学和环境科学领域取得了巨大的进步。 In the past ten years, in medicine and environmental science. 8．当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。 The advantages and disadvantages of this machine when I went into the meeting room. 9．北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。 the northeast of China, Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 10．明天上午十点我要去机场给一个朋友送行。 I at the airport at ten tomorrow morning. 11．得知五分之四的票已经被预订了，经理很高兴。 The manager was happy to learn that four­fifths of the tickets . 12．这些年她一直在为这家杂志撰稿。 She articles to this magazine all these years. 13．I had to move to another room because (我的房间在装修) then. 14．他爱好广泛，从书法到吉它都很喜欢。 He has diverse interests, calligraphy guitar-playing. 15．More people tend to celebrate Christmas, with business (利用) the occasions. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How do you usually buy what you need, shopping online or going out to shop in person? With the help of the Internet, shopping is 1 (easy) than before. We can just click our mouse to choose the items we like, pay for them online, and the shopping is 2 (finish). It is easy and quick. It helps save money，too. We can save thousands a year if we compare the prices of similar items before deciding which 3 (buy). However, there are always traps in shopping online.If we are not 4 (care), we may get into trouble. For example, we may find the colour of the item different 5 that in the picture online. Sometimes, the size of the item we receive can be too big 6 too small. 7 (avoid) such troubles, we should compare similar items on different online stores and pay more attention to what other customers say. From their 8 (comment), we can know better about an item’s colour, size as well as 9 (it) shortcomings. In this way we increase our chance of buying 10 more satisfactory item. 二、阅读理解 Virtue is the most valuable treasure for teenagers during their growth. It shapes our character and guides our behavior as we grow up. In daily life, we may easily meet various moral dilemmas: whether to tell the truth when we make mistakes, whether to assist a classmate in trouble, or whether to donate little things to people in need. These small but meaningful choices do not seem important at the moment, but they slowly shape our personalities and values, deciding what kind of people we will become in the future. Li Yue, a high school student with a kind heart, once faced such a tough moral choice. Last week, she accidentally picked up a wallet with a large amount of cash on her way to school. At that time, her family was going through a hard time and was badly short of money. Worse still, she had to prepare for extra tuition fees, which added more pressure to her family. For a short moment, she felt extremely confused and even had the selfish thought of keeping the money to solve her family’s problem. However, she soon calmed down and reminded herself of the precious virtue of honesty. She knew clearly that honesty is more important than money. She finally turned to the community noticeboard and tried her best to find the true owner. After her efforts, the owner was found successfully. The owner was deeply moved by her honesty and wanted to give her some cash as a reward, but Li Yue refused it politely without hesitation. In fact, nobody can avoid facing moral challenges in life. We cannot always complain about life’s difficulties or give in to temporary temptation. Instead, we should actively choose to do right things, stick to basic moral rules, and respect social justice. Only in this way can we improve ourselves and build a warm and harmonious society. 11．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The meaning of moral dilemmas for teens B．How teenagers can get good grades C．The daily study pressure of students D．Different ways to donate to charity 12．What made Li Yue fall into a moral dilemma? A．She lost her wallet on the way to school. B．She was short of money for tuition. C．She failed to finish her homework on time. D．She argued with her classmates. 13．Which of the following is true about Li Yue? A．She accepted the owner’s money in the end. B．She kept the wallet for her family. C．She chose honesty over personal interest. D．She posted the noticeboard with her teacher’s help. 14．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that . A．moral rules are easy for everyone to follow B．we should resist temptation and keep virtuous C．life difficulties can change people’s values D．teenagers have no chance to do voluntary work 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $