衔接点06 动词时态（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点06 动词时态 初中视角 高中展望 学习了一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等的构成和用法，掌握了这些时态的使用范围。 学习一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时等时态的构成和用法，掌握了这些时态的使用范围。 高中阶段应特别注意以下几点: 把握各时态的特点, 注意易混淆时态间的差异; 准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义, 捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息; 培养发散性思维。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中时态考点聚焦】 考点1.一般现在时 1．Sam’s room is very tidy. He always ________ it by himself. A．cleans B．cleaned C．was cleaning D．will clean 【答案】A 【详解】句意：萨姆的房间非常整洁。他总是自己打扫房间。 句中的always表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应使用一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式cleans。 2．A new smart study lamp which reduces blue light ________ very well among students nowadays. A．sells B．sold C．is sold D．was sold 【答案】A 【详解】句意：现在，一款减少蓝光的新型智能学习台灯在学生中卖得很好。 sells卖，第三人称单数形式；sold卖，过去式；is sold被卖，一般现在时的被动语态；was sold被卖，一般过去时的被动语态。动词sell与well连用时，常用主动形式表示被动含义，意为“销路好”；又根据“nowadays”可知，本句描述的是目前的情况，应用一般现在时。应填sells。 3．There ________ forty students and a teacher in the classroom now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在教室里有四十名学生和一位老师。 根据时间标志词“now”可知用一般现在时，排除C、D。又因there be句型遵循“就近原则”，“forty students”为复数，be动词应用are。 考点2.一般过去时 4．Mr. Wang ________ us a new song yesterday and we all liked it very much. A．taught B．will teach C．teaches D．is teaching 【答案】A 【详解】句意：王先生昨天教了我们一首新歌，我们都非常喜欢它。 taught“教”(过去式)；will teach“将教”(一般将来时)；teaches“教”(一般现在时)；is teaching“正在教”(现在进行时)。根据时间状语“yesterday”及后半句谓语“liked”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 5．When I was young, I ________ to visit Huangshan with my parents every summer. A．go B．went C．have gone D．will go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小时候，我每年夏天都会和父母去游览黄山。 “When I was young”限定整体为过去场景，描述过去习惯性动作，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式went。 6．There ________ two big trees behind the house a year ago. A．are B．is C．were D．was 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一年前房子后面有两棵大树。 are是（一般现在时，复数）；is是（一般现在时，单数）；were是（一般过去时，复数）；was是（一般过去时，单数）。根据时间状语“a year ago”可知句子是一般过去时，主语“two big trees”是复数，be动词应用复数形式were。 考点3.一般将来时 7．Our school ________ a series of traditional culture activities next month to inherit local Anhui customs. A．holds B．held C．will hold D．has held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我校将于下月开展一系列传统文化活动，传承安徽本土民俗。 根据时间标志词“next month”（下个月）可知动作发生在将来，用一般将来时（will+动词原形）。故选C。 8．—There ________ a basketball game against Class 2 this Sunday. —I see. I will come and cheer you on. A．will have B．is going to be C．is going to have D．are going to be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个星期天将有一场对阵二班的篮球赛。——我知道了。我会来为你加油的。 根据空前的There可知，本句为there be结构，根据时间状语this Sunday以及答语I will come and cheer you on可知，句子应用一般将来时，there be结构的一般将来时形式为There will be或There is/are going to be。主语是单数，be动词用is，应填is going to be。 9．—When does your school hold the colourful after-school reading activity? —We ________ the activity next month. It makes us read more and know more. A．will have B．have C．had D．are having 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你们学校什么时候举行丰富多彩的课后阅读活动？——我们下个月将举行这个活动，它让我们读得更多，知道得更多。 根据答语中的时间状语“next month”可知，动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原形”，所以选will have。 考点4.现在进行时 10．Thomas ________ with the famous scientist by the lake. Let’s go and join them. A．discusses B．discussed C．is discussing D．was discussing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Thomas正在湖边和那位著名科学家讨论。让我们去加入他们吧。 根据后句“Let’s go and join them.”可知，动作此时此刻正在进行，所以建议现在去加入他们，应用现在进行时，构成为is/am/are+动词现在分词。 11．Look! A group of students ________ voluntary activities in the Anhui ancient village right now. A．do B．did C．are doing D．have done 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！一群学生正在安徽古村落开展志愿活动。 根据提示词“Look!”以及“right now”可知动作此时此刻正在发生，应用现在进行时（are doing）。故选C。 12．—Where is your sister? I need to ask her about the math homework. —She________ in her room. She said she was busy with it just now. A．is studying B．studies C．studied D．will study 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你姐姐/妹妹在哪里？我需要问她关于数学作业的事。——她正在她的房间里学习。她刚才说她正忙着做作业。 is studying正在学习(现在进行时)；studies学习(动词第三人称单数)；studied学习了(一般过去时)；will study将要学习(一般将来时)。根据问句“Where is your sister?”可知询问的是现在的状态，结合答语“She said she was busy with it just now.”可知她此刻正在房间里学习，应用现在进行时。 考点5.过去进行时 13．My cousin saw a traffic accident while he ________ for the bus at the bus station. A．was waiting B．waited C．waits D．is waiting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我表弟在公交车站正在等公交车的时候看到了一起交通事故。 was waiting过去进行时；waited过去式；waits三单形式；is waiting现在进行时。根据“My cousin saw a traffic accident while he...”可知，主句saw是过去式，while引导的从句表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，所以时态使用过去进行时。 14．When the teacher walked into the classroom, all the students ________ notes quietly. A．take B．took C．are taking D．were taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当老师走进教室时，所有学生正在安静地记笔记。 考查过去进行时。when引导过去瞬间动作，主句描述过去某一时刻正在进行的持续动作，用过去进行时（were doing）。故选D。 15．My cousin saw a traffic accident while he ________ for the bus at the bus station. A．was waiting B．waited C．waits D．is waiting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我表弟在公交车站正在等公交车的时候看到了一起交通事故。 主句谓语动词saw是see的过去式，说明整个事件发生在过去；此处强调主句动作发生的瞬间，从句动作正在进行，因此从句要用过去进行时，应填was waiting。 考点6.现在完成时 16．Scientists ________ great progress in AI technology since 2023. A．make B．have made C．made D．are making 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自2023年以来，科学家们在人工智能技术领域取得了巨大进步。 make“取得”；have made“已经取得了”；made“取得”；are making“正在取得”。考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“since 2023”可知，此处应用现在完成时表示从过去某一时间到现在的持续动作或影响。应填have made。 17．By now, William ________ six books, and all of them are bestsellers. A．will write B．is writing C．has written D．was writing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，威廉已经写了六本书，并且它们都是畅销书。 根据时间状语“By now”可知，动作到现在为止已经完成，强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故填has written。 18．Looking back at the past three years, I ________ many unforgettable moments with my classmates. A．share B．shared C．will share D．have shared 【答案】D 【详解】句意：回顾过去的三年，我和同学们一起分享了许多难忘的时刻。 根据“Looking back at the past three years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在并对现在有影响，应用现在完成时，应填have shared。 【高中时态考点聚焦】 课标解读 动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点, 考生应熟记各种时态的基本概念并掌握其用法, 另外还应特别注意以下几点: 把握各种时态的特点, 注意易混淆时态间的差异; 准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义, 捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息; 要克服汉语式的思维, 排除误导, 培养发散性思维。 考点清单 考点一、一般现在时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常有标志性时间副词always, every day等。在语法填空科技类说明文，以及短文改错介绍客观事实经常用一般现在时。 例1：I leave home for school at 7:00 am every day. 例2：He always takes a walk after supper. 要点精讲2：表示客观事实和普遍真理常用一般现在时。 例1：The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 例2：Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 要点精讲3：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，即“主将从现”。 例1：I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 例2：Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 要点精讲4：表示飞机、火车、轮船（“飞火轮”）周期性时刻表且有明确时间状语，常用一般现在时。 例1：The train for Nanjing leaves at 6:05 tomorrow morning. 例2：The next plane arrives at 3:15 this afternoon. 考点二、现在进行时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，常有now, at present, currently, Look, Listen, at the moment等标志性词汇。 例1：Be quiet! The baby is sleeping. 例2：Listen! She is singing an English song. 要点精讲2：现在进行时还可以表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用，如these days , this week等。 例1：They are planting trees on the hill these days. 例2：I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 要点精讲3：go, come, leave, take, run等瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示将来发生的动作。 例1：Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few days. 例2：Where are you staying in Guangzhou? 要点精讲4：always, forever, continually, constantly等频度副词与现在进行时连用表示赞扬、抱怨、不满等感情色彩。 例1：He is constantly leaving his things about.（表责怪） 例2：They are forever quarreling about something. (不满) 考点三、现在完成时三种典型用法 要点精讲1：表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在并有可能继续下去。常见标志词：副词型---already, ever, never, recently, lately, yet；短语型---so far, every since, for days, up to now, in the past two years, over the weeks等。概括为：发生在过去，影响在现在。 例1：Since then, he has developed another bad habit. 例2：Up to now, everything has been OK. 例3：There has been no rain here for nearly two months. 要点精讲2：在It/This is the first/second/third…time+ that…从句中，从句常用现在完成时。但是主语是过去时，从句要用过去完成时。 例1：It is the first time that I have spoken in public. 要点精讲3：在It/This is the best/worst… + 名词+定语从句中，从句常用现在完成时。 例：This is the most interesting novel that he has ever written. 考点四、现在完成进行时典型用法 （高中重点） 要点精讲1：现在完成进行时表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。 例1：We have been discussing the matter several times this year. 例2：He has been writing articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher. 要点精讲2：现在完成进行时和现在完成时的用法比较 区别 现在完成进行时 现在完成时 区别一 表示动作的重复 一般不表示重复性 区别二 含有感情色彩 一般是平铺直叙 区别三 强调事情的过程 强调事情结果 例1：Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？ 例2：Have you met him recently? 你最近见到过他吗？ 例3：I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满） 例4：I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实） 例5：Who has been eating the oranges? 谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些） 例6：Who has eaten the oranges? 谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩） 考点五、一般将来时五种表达方法 要点精讲1：will/shall do表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，是最常见的一般将来时表达形式。注意will do还可以表示不以人的意志为转移的自然规律；表示临时性决定或打算，还可以用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中。 例1：I shall be free this afternoon. 例2：My sister will be 18 next year. 例3：— George phoned while you were out. — Ok. I will phone him back. 例4：Work hard and you will succeed. 要点精讲2：be going to do也是一般将来时表达方式，表示推测时强调说话有充分依据，尤指天气变化。 例1：Are you going to play basketball after class? 例2：Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. 要点精讲3：“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。 例：The English evening is about to start. 要点精讲4：“be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。 例1：There is to be a slide show this afternoon. 例2：You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 要点精讲5：现在进行时表将来，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start, move, arrive等。 例1：I am leaving for Tibet on Sunday. 例2：When are you going back to your factory? 考点六、一般将来进行时典型用法 要点精讲：将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有by this time tomorrow等等。 例1：By this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach. 例2：Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We will be having classes then. 考点七、将来完成时两种典型用法 （高中重点） 要点精讲1：一般将来完成时（will have done）表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作，通常与before或by, by the end of, by the time…等结构连用。 例1：By the end of this month, we will have studied 10 units. 例2：When they move here next month, we will have lived in the city for 5 years. 要点精讲2：过去将来完成时（would have done）表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，多与宾语从句和虚拟语气连用。 例1：I thought Sophia would have told you something. 例2：If we had found him earlier we would have saved his life. 考点八、一般过去时三种典型用法 要点精讲1：一般过去时多表示过去已发生的动作，并有明确的时间状语，如the other day, yesterday, last week, in 1980等。 例1：Tom didn't come to class yesterday. 例2：Oh, John. I never thought I met you here. 要点精讲2：一般过去时表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作，常与often，usually，seldom等频度副词连用。 例：When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there. 要点精讲3：一般过去时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与现在事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that…., It is time that…. 及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I would rather you came tomorrow. 例2：It is high time that we had our lunch. 例3：I wish I were a bird, flying freely in the sky. 例4：If only I knew how to operate an electronic computer as you do. 例5：If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 考点九、过去进行时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常有明确的时间状语暗示，如at 7:00 last night等。 例1：I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 例2：She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper. 要点精讲2：过去进行时还可以表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作。 例1：We were talking about you the whole morning. 例2：He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 要点精讲3：go, come ,leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。 例：She said she was leaving for New York the next month. 要点精讲4：过去进行时用于as, when, while等状语从句，表示另一动作发生的背景。 例1：It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 例2：Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 要点精讲5：always, forever, continually, constantly频度副词与过去进行时连用表示赞扬，抱怨等感情色彩。 例1：The girl was always changing her mind. 例2：In the past he was constantly asking me for money. 考点十、过去完成时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by, by the end of, be the time…引导的时间状语或以before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。概括为：过去的过去。 例1：By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work. 例2：I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. 要点精讲2：intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。 例1：They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time. 例2：I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. 要点精讲3：在 It was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。 例1：This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 例2：It was the fourth time she had shopped online for hours. 要点精讲3：在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。 例1：She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang. 例2：No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded. 要点精讲4：过去完成时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与过去事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that….及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I wish that I had seen her yesterday. 例2：I felt as though we had known each other for years. 例3：If only I had known her earlier! 例4：I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday. 例5：If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 考点十一、过去将来时三种典型用法 要点精讲1：一般过去将来时是由“should/would + 动词原形”构成，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。 例1：He said they would arrange a party. 例2：He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris. 要点精讲2：用于was/were about to do…when…句型，表示：正要……这时发生另一件事。was/were to do 也可以用于过去将来时。 例：I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain. 要点精讲3：过去将来时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与将来事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that….及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 例2：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. 一、单句语法填空 1．The plane (take) off at 10:10, which means you need to hurry because there’s only ten minutes left. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】takes 【详解】句意：飞机10:10起飞，这意味着你需要快点，因为只剩十分钟了。此处表示按计划/时刻表将要发生的动作，应用一般现在时表将来，主语the plane为第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数takes。 2．The first or last phrase spoken (be) memorised better than the conversation as a whole. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】句意：人们对对话开头或结尾那句话的记忆效果，比对整段对话的记忆效果更好。句子陈述客观真理，用一般现在时，or连接并列主语，遵循就近原则，last phrase为第三人称单数，be用is。 3．The Chinese solar calendar (divide) the year into 24 solar terms. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】divides 【详解】句意：中国阳历把一年划分为二十四节气。句子陈述客观真理用一般现在时，主语calendar是第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式divides。 4．She is still (suffer) from the pain of losing her home in the wildfire. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】suffering 【详解】考查时态。句意：她仍在承受因野火失去家园的痛苦。结合语境可知，此处描述现在正在发生的动作，suffer用现在分词suffering和is构成现在进行时。故填suffering。 5．The teacher, along with his students (visit) the museum now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is visiting 【详解】句意：这位老师和他的学生们此刻正在参观博物馆。根据now可知为现在进行时，along with his students 是插入语，不影响主谓一致，谓语动词和前面真正主语保持一致，用单数。 6．Unfortunately, wild animals are being over hunted, and some of them (die) out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are dying 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：不幸的是，野生动物正遭到过度捕猎，其中一些物种正在灭绝。根据“are being over hunted”可知，此句强调现阶段正在发生的动作；die out是固定短语，表示“灭绝”，此处应用现在进行时are dying out，体现渐进、正在消亡的过程。故填are dying。 7．He (seek) to explain his idea clearly, but few people in the audience could really understand him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sought 【详解】句意：他试图把自己的想法解释得清楚些，但台下听众中几乎没有人能真正理解他的意思。空格处是谓语动词，根据下文的could可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时，seek的过去式是sought。 8．The man (escape) from the room last night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】escaped 【详解】句意：这个男人昨晚从房间里逃走了。由last night可知，用一般过去式时，动词用过去式escaped。 9．A strong feeling of warmth (strike) all of us when we saw the smiles on their faces. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】struck 【详解】句意：看到他们脸上的笑容，我们所有人都心头涌上一股强烈的暖意。此处为谓语动词，结合从句可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，strike的过去式为struck。 10．He said his train (leave) at 6 p.m., so he had to hurry. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was leaving 【详解】句意：他说他的火车下午六点发车，所以他不得不抓紧时间。主句为一般过去时，结合“so he had to hurry”可知，从句陈述的动作还未发生，leave表示“离开”，位移动词，此处用过去进行时was leaving表计划好将要发生的动作。 11．They (leave) when the bell started ringing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were leaving 【详解】句意：他们正要动身，这时铃声响了。固定句型be doing... when... 表示“正要做某事，这时突然……”，根据started可知，此处应用过去进行时，主语They为复数，be动词用were。 12．He (explore) more possibilities for a changing world in the coming years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will explore 【详解】句意：在未来的几年里，他将为不断变化的世界探索更多的可能性。根据时间状语“in the coming years”可知，句子描述的是将来要发生的事情，应用一般将来时，其结构为“will + 动词原形”。 13．The symptoms of flu may be unpleasant, but they (disappear) within a few days. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will disappear 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：流感的症状可能让人难受，但它们会在几天内消失。此处为谓语动词的填入，时间状语within a few days表将来，用一般将来时will + 动词原形。故填will disappear。 14．Look at those clouds. I expect that it (rain) this afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will rain 【详解】考查时态。句意：看那些云，我预计今天下午要下雨。根据“this afternoon”可知，此处表示的是将来会发生的动作，应用一般将来时，基本结构为will + 动词原形。故填will rain。 15．This is one of the few software companies that (develop) more than ten popular web applications since 2025. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have developed 【详解】句意：这是自2025年以来为数不多的几家开发了超过十款热门网络应用程序的软件公司之一。空处作从句的谓语，结合“since 2025”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，that引导的限制性定语从句的先行词是the few software companies，为复数，在从句中作主语，助动词应用have。 16．It’s said that this old tree in the village (stand) for over 500 years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has stood 【详解】句意：据说村里这棵古树已经存在超过500年了。for over 500 years表示一段时间，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，所以用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语this old tree是第三人称单数，用has，stand的过去分词是stood。 17．There (be) golden ages of invention throughout history. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：在历史的长河中，曾有过多次发明的辉煌时期。表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语为ages，助动词用have。 18．It was the first time I (see) him so angry and passionate. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had seen 【详解】句意：那是我第一次见到他如此愤怒又激动的样子。此处为句型It was the first time+过去完成时，空格处用过去完成时，主语是I，see的过去分词为seen。 19．There (be) a number of failures before they eventually found a way to clone a monkey successfully. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been 【详解】考查时态。句意：在他们最终成功地找到克隆猴子的方法之前，已经有很多次失败了。提示词是“There be句型”中谓语动词，结合时间状语“before they eventually found a way to clone a monkey successfully”可知，动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时态had been。故填had been。 20．She hoped that she (become) a doctor one day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would become 【详解】句意：她希望自己有朝一日能成为一名医生。主句谓语 hoped 是一般过去时；宾语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，受主句过去时态限制，需要用过去将来时。 二、完成句子 21．People often feel _____________. 人们经常觉得自己太忙了, 没有时间做志愿服务。 【答案】they are too busy to volunteer 【详解】分析可知，空处可以看作feel的宾语从句，结合中文句意表达“太……而不能……”用too...to...固定句型，自己是指人们，用they指代，太忙了用形容词busy，做志愿服务用动词volunteer，主句描述一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时，所以空处为they are too busy to volunteer。 22．The small apartment ________ ________ (属于) my father and me, and it was all we had. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 belonged to 【详解】句意：这套小公寓属于我和父亲，这是我们仅有的全部。根据汉语提示“属于”可知，此处应用动词短语belong to；结合后文“and it was all we had”可知，句子陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语The small apartment为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用过去式belonged to。 23．The careless driver __________ (闯红灯) and crashed into another car that had the right of way. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】ran a red light 【详解】句意：这名粗心的司机闯红灯，撞上了另一辆拥有优先通行权的汽车。“闯红灯”为固定搭配run a red light，结合并列谓语crashed可知，run应用过去式ran。 24．We __________. Where is the nearest filling station? 我们马上没汽油了。最近的加油站在哪里? 【答案】are running out of gas 【详解】考查动词时态和固定短语。根据中文提示“马上没汽油了”可知，此处表示“汽油即将耗尽”，用现在进行时表将来，run out of gas是固定短语，意为“耗尽汽油”，主语是We，此空是are running out of gas，作谓语和宾语。故填are running out of gas。 25．我们所有人都期待在国庆节有一个假期。 All of us are ________ a holiday on National Day. 【答案】looking forward to 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据句意，此处表示“期待”，需用固定短语look forward to，与主语all of us之间为主动关系，前面有be动词are，句子为现在进行时，look用现在分词形式looking。故填looking forward to。 26．我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。 We were informed that the leaders ________________ our school soon. 【答案】were coming to 【详解】考查过去进行时。根据“We were informed that”可知，此处描述过去的事情，表示“来到”应用动词短语come to，为位移动词，可用进行时表将来，所以从句中应用过去进行时。故填were coming to。 27．________________ for the bus, I met her. 等公共汽车的时候，我遇见了她。 【答案】While (I was) waiting 【详解】考查时间状语从句（省略）和时态。根据句意，表示“当……时”可以用while引导时间状语从句，表示“正在等公交车的时候”，应用进行时，结合下文的时态应用过去进行时，译为while I was waiting，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且谓语中含有be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，故填While (I was) waiting。 28．得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。 Learning that you ________, I’m writing to inform you of some necessary do’s and don’ts. 【答案】will go abroad for further study 【详解】通过对比可知，空格处表达“将去国外深造”，时态用一般将来时will do，“去国外”翻译为go abroad，go用原形，“深造”翻译为for further study。 29．He has broken one of his legs. As a result, he ________ (将不得不离开) school for three months. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】will have to be away from 【详解】句意：他摔断了一条腿。因此，他将要休学三个月。“将”用情态动词will，后跟动词原形，句子时态是一般将来时，“不得不做某事”用固定短语have to do sth.，“离开”是be away from。 30．Your story is perfect; I’ve never ______________ (听过比这更好的故事). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】heard a better one before 【详解】句意：你的故事太完美了，我以前从未听过比这更好的故事。表示“听”用hear，表示“比这更好的故事”用a better one，其中one代替前文的story。表示“以前”用before；由I’ve never可知，句子时态用现在完成时，hear用过去分词heard。 三、语篇填空（时态专练） The Dragon Dance is a form of traditional dance in Chinese culture. It 1.　　　　　(spread) all over China and to the whole world so far.  Traditionally， dragons 2.　　　　　(make) of wood. However， in modern times， dragons 3.___ (be) much lighter because they are made of lighter materials like plastics. The length of dragons can be from 25 to 35 meters for acrobatic(杂技的) models， and up to 50 to 70 meters for the larger parade(游行) styles because people believe that the longer the dragon is， the more luck it4.　　　　　 (bring) to the community. A small organization cannot run a very long dragon because it 5.　　　　　(require) great human power， much money and special skills.  The Dragon Dance itself 6.　　　　　(begin) during the Han Dynasty. And it 7.　　　　　(start) by the Chinese who had shown great respect for the dragon. It was already a popular event during the Song Dynasty.  At that time， it 8.　　　　　(become) a popular activity like the Lion Dance. People could often see it during some important festivals. In the Qing Dynasty， the Dragon Dance Team of Fuzhou 9.　　　　　(invite) to put on a show in Beijing. And the emperor 10.　　　　　(speak) highly of it.  1.has spread　考查现在完成时。根据时间状语so far可知，此句应用现在完成时，主语It指Dragon Dance，此处指舞龙已经遍及了中国乃至全世界，故填has spread。 2.were made　考查一般过去时的被动语态。be made of指“由……制成”。根据Traditionally和下文in modern times可知，此处时态为一般过去时，且主语为dragons，故填were made。 3.are　考查一般现在时。根据时间状语in modern times可知，此空用一般现在时，故填are。 4.will bring　考查一般将来时。此句中the longer the dragon is相当于if the dragon is longer的用法，故the more luck it...用一般将来时，此处指人们相信龙越长，它就会带来越多的好运。故填will bring。 5.requires　考查一般现在时。根据语境及cannot run可知，时态为一般现在时，且从句主语是it，故填requires。 6.began　考查一般过去时。根据during the Han Dynasty可知，此处用一般过去时，故填began。 7.was started　考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据by the Chinese who had shown great respect for the dragon可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为it，故填was started。 8.became　考查一般过去时。根据时间状语At that time可知，此处用一般过去时，故填became。 9.was invited　考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语In the Qing Dynasty可知，此句用一般过去时，福州舞龙队是被邀去北京表演，故填was invited。 10.spoke　考查一般过去时。根据语境可知，此句时态为一般过去时，故填spoke。speak highly of...高度评价……。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Forbidden City: A Living Museum The Forbidden City, 1 (locate) in the heart of Beijing, is one of the most famous museums in the world. It served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties. 2 (build) between 1406 and 1420, the Forbidden City covers 720,000 square meters and has over 9,000 rooms. It 3 (be) a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. The Forbidden City is not just a museum of ancient 4 (building). It houses over 1.8 million cultural relics, including paintings, ceramics, and jade. Only about 1% 5 (display) at any given time due to the large number. In recent years, the Forbidden City 6 (become) a cultural phenomenon. Its cultural creative products (文创产品) — from lipsticks to phone cases — are wildly popular 7 young people. The museum has also launched apps and online tours to reach a 8 (wide) audience. “We want to make history come alive,” says the museum’s director. “The Forbidden City is not a 9 (die) place. It is a living museum that continues 10 (inspire) people today.” 【答案】 1．located 2．Built 3．has been 4．buildings 5．are displayed 6．has become 7．among/with 8．wider 9．dead 10．to inspire 【导语】主要介绍坐落于北京中心的故宫的历史地位、建筑规模、文物馆藏，以及如今借助文创产品与线上形式焕发新生、走向大众的发展现状。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫坐落于北京市中心，是世界上最负盛名的博物馆之一。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语The Forbidden City与locate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词located。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫始建于1406年至1420年间，占地七十二万平方米，拥有九千多间房屋。此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the Forbidden City与build之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词built，位于句首，首字母需大写。 3．考查动词时态。句意：自1987年起，它就被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语since 1987可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语It是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has been。 4．考查名词复数。句意：故宫不只是一座古建筑博物馆。building为可数名词，此处表示各类古建筑，需用复数形式buildings。 5．考查动词语态。句意：由于文物数量庞大，任何时候仅有大约百分之一的文物对外展出。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观现状用一般现在时，主语Only about 1%指代文物藏品cultural relics，与display之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且百分数修饰relics，主语是复数，所以谓语动词为are displayed。 6．考查动词时态。句意：近些年来，故宫已然成为一种文化现象。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语In recent years可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语the Forbidden City是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has become。 7．考查介词。句意：从口红到手机壳，各类故宫文创产品深受年轻人喜爱。固定搭配be popular among/with意为“受……欢迎”，所以此处使用介词among或with。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：这座博物馆还推出各类应用软件与线上游览项目，以此触及更多受众。此处暗含和以往范围对比的含义，需用形容词比较级，wide的比较级为wider。 9．考查形容词。句意：故宫并不是一座毫无生机的地方。此处修饰名词place作定语，die对应的形容词dead意为“无生机的、死气沉沉的”，符合语境。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是一座鲜活的博物馆，时至今日依旧能够给予人们灵感。固定搭配continue to do sth.意为“持续做某事”，所以用动词不定式to inspire作宾语。 二、阅读理解 I was floating on cloud nine because my first children’s book had just been published. Eager to share the joy, I arrived thirty minutes early for my monthly writers’ meeting at the library. While I was waiting in the dim hallway, a big man wearing a cowboy hat and leather boots approached me with a warm smile. Sensing my excitement, the gentleman politely asked how I was doing. His simple question opened the floodgates of my enthusiasm. I told him everything about my book and even pushed a promotional poster in his face, reading it to him as if he couldn’t understand it on his own. Had I been in my right mind, I might have realized I was frightening a stranger with my extreme excitement. However, the man seemed genuinely interested, studying the text carefully and encouraging me to cherish such happy moments. He made me feel like I could accomplish anything. When the meeting finally started, I was shocked to see the “hallway gentleman” standing behind the platform. He was Dusty Richards — a famous award-winning writer who had authored dozens of books! I had been babbling about my little book to a writing superstar. Dusty fascinated the audience with his stories and passion for the craft. Before leaving, he made eye contact with me and gave me a thumbs-up, as if to say, “Go get ’em. ” Sadly, Dusty passed away in an accident not long after. However, I will never forget his kindness. He treated a stranger like a lifetime friend and an equal. Never before had I met someone who was so sincerely pleased in another’s success. Today, whenever I face rejections or doubts, I think of Dusty’s twinkling eyes in that dim hallway. His image always drove away my negative thoughts and encourages me to keep moving ahead. Truly, encouragement is like water to the soul; it makes everything grow. 11．What do we know about the author from the first two paragraphs? A．She was proud of her poster. B．She was lost in her excitement. C．She felt afraid of the stranger. D．She was admiring of the man. 12．Which of the following best describe Dusty? A．Creative and reliable. B．Modest and ambitious. C．Kind and encouraging. D．Humorous and determined. 13．What do the underlined words “babbling about” mean in paragraph 3? A．Talking casually about. B．Speaking excitedly about. C．Explaining carefully about. D．Whispering nervously about. 14．What does the author’s experience show? A．Nothing is impossible. B．Every cloud has a silver lining. C．Enthusiasm makes a difference. D．Encouragement can go a long way. 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．B 14．D 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了作者的第一本童书成功出版，她满心欢喜，在图书馆偶遇知名作家达斯蒂。对方耐心倾听并给予鼓励。后来作家不幸离世，但这份善意与鼓舞一直支撑着作者勇敢前行。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was floating on cloud nine because my first children’s book had just been published. Eager to share the joy, I arrived thirty minutes early for my monthly writers’ meeting at the library.( 我心情无比愉悦，因为我的第一本儿童读物刚刚出版了。我迫不及待地想要分享这份喜悦，于是提前三十分钟就来到了图书馆每月举行的作家聚会现场。)”以及第二段中“His simple question opened the floodgates of my enthusiasm. I told him everything about my book and even pushed a promotional poster in his face, reading it to him as if he couldn’t understand it on his own. Had I been in my right mind, I might have realized I was frightening a stranger with my extreme excitement.( 他那简单的问题一下子激发了我内心的热情。我向他讲述了关于我的这本书的所有事情，甚至把一张宣传海报递到他面前，一边给他读，好像他自己看不懂似的。要是我当时头脑清醒的话，或许会意识到自己因极度兴奋而吓到了一个陌生人。)”可知，作者因第一本书出版欣喜若狂，提前半小时赴会，遇到陌生人后便滔滔不绝地分享，甚至没意识到自己的过度兴奋可能吓到对方，完全沉浸在喜悦之中。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, the man seemed genuinely interested, studying the text carefully and encouraging me to cherish such happy moments. He made me feel like I could accomplish anything.( 然而，这个男人显然很感兴趣，仔细研读着文字，并鼓励我要珍惜这样的快乐时刻。他让我觉得自己无所不能。)”以及第四段中“He treated a stranger like a lifetime friend and an equal.( 他对待一个陌生人就像对待一生的挚友和平等的人一样。)”可推知，达斯蒂待人友善、真诚，并且善于鼓励他人。 13．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When the meeting finally started, I was shocked to see the “hallway gentleman” standing behind the platform. He was Dusty Richards—a famous award-winning writer who had authored dozens of books!( 会议终于开始时，我惊讶地看到那个“走廊里的绅士”站在讲台后面。他是达斯蒂·里查德斯——一位著名的获奖作家，已经出版了几十本书！)”以及“Dusty fascinated the audience with his stories and passion for the craft.( 达斯蒂凭借他讲述的故事以及对这一技艺的热爱深深吸引了观众。)”可知，作者当时极度兴奋、滔滔不绝地向对方讲述自己的书，语气激动、语速快、内容多，因此“babbling about”意为“兴奋地滔滔不绝地谈论”，B选项Speaking excitedly about“激动地讲述”符合语境。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Today, whenever I face rejections or doubts, I think of Dusty’s twinkling eyes in that dim hallway. His image always drove away my negative thoughts and encourages me to keep moving ahead. Truly, encouragement is like water to the soul; it makes everything grow.( 如今，每当我面对拒绝或怀疑时，我就会想起达斯蒂在昏暗的走廊里闪闪发光的眼睛。他的形象总是能驱散我的消极想法，并激励我继续前行。的确，鼓励就像水一样滋养着心灵；它能让一切茁壮成长。)”可推知，作者的经历表明了鼓励对人的心灵至关重要，能产生深远影响。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点06 动词时态 初中视角 高中展望 学习了一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等的构成和用法，掌握了这些时态的使用范围。 学习一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时等时态的构成和用法，掌握了这些时态的使用范围。 高中阶段应特别注意以下几点: 把握各时态的特点, 注意易混淆时态间的差异; 准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义, 捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息; 培养发散性思维。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中时态考点聚焦】 考点1.一般现在时 1．Sam’s room is very tidy. He always ________ it by himself. A．cleans B．cleaned C．was cleaning D．will clean 2．A new smart study lamp which reduces blue light ________ very well among students nowadays. A．sells B．sold C．is sold D．was sold 3．There ________ forty students and a teacher in the classroom now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 考点2.一般过去时 4．Mr. Wang ________ us a new song yesterday and we all liked it very much. A．taught B．will teach C．teaches D．is teaching 5．When I was young, I ________ to visit Huangshan with my parents every summer. A．go B．went C．have gone D．will go 6．There ________ two big trees behind the house a year ago. A．are B．is C．were D．was 考点3.一般将来时 7．Our school ________ a series of traditional culture activities next month to inherit local Anhui customs. A．holds B．held C．will hold D．has held 8．—There ________ a basketball game against Class 2 this Sunday. —I see. I will come and cheer you on. A．will have B．is going to be C．is going to have D．are going to be 9．—When does your school hold the colourful after-school reading activity? —We ________ the activity next month. It makes us read more and know more. A．will have B．have C．had D．are having 考点4.现在进行时 10．Thomas ________ with the famous scientist by the lake. Let’s go and join them. A．discusses B．discussed C．is discussing D．was discussing 11．Look! A group of students ________ voluntary activities in the Anhui ancient village right now. A．do B．did C．are doing D．have done 12．—Where is your sister? I need to ask her about the math homework. —She________ in her room. She said she was busy with it just now. A．is studying B．studies C．studied D．will study 考点5.过去进行时 13．My cousin saw a traffic accident while he ________ for the bus at the bus station. A．was waiting B．waited C．waits D．is waiting 14．When the teacher walked into the classroom, all the students ________ notes quietly. A．take B．took C．are taking D．were taking 15．My cousin saw a traffic accident while he ________ for the bus at the bus station. A．was waiting B．waited C．waits D．is waiting 考点6.现在完成时 16．Scientists ________ great progress in AI technology since 2023. A．make B．have made C．made D．are making 17．By now, William ________ six books, and all of them are bestsellers. A．will write B．is writing C．has written D．was writing 18．Looking back at the past three years, I ________ many unforgettable moments with my classmates. A．share B．shared C．will share D．have shared 【高中时态考点聚焦】 课标解读 动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点, 考生应熟记各种时态的基本概念并掌握其用法, 另外还应特别注意以下几点: 把握各种时态的特点, 注意易混淆时态间的差异; 准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义, 捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息; 要克服汉语式的思维, 排除误导, 培养发散性思维。 考点清单 考点一、一般现在时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常有标志性时间副词always, every day等。在语法填空科技类说明文，以及短文改错介绍客观事实经常用一般现在时。 例1：I leave home for school at 7:00 am every day. 例2：He always takes a walk after supper. 要点精讲2：表示客观事实和普遍真理常用一般现在时。 例1：The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 例2：Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 要点精讲3：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，即“主将从现”。 例1：I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 例2：Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 要点精讲4：表示飞机、火车、轮船（“飞火轮”）周期性时刻表且有明确时间状语，常用一般现在时。 例1：The train for Nanjing leaves at 6:05 tomorrow morning. 例2：The next plane arrives at 3:15 this afternoon. 考点二、现在进行时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，常有now, at present, currently, Look, Listen, at the moment等标志性词汇。 例1：Be quiet! The baby is sleeping. 例2：Listen! She is singing an English song. 要点精讲2：现在进行时还可以表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用，如these days , this week等。 例1：They are planting trees on the hill these days. 例2：I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 要点精讲3：go, come, leave, take, run等瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示将来发生的动作。 例1：Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few days. 例2：Where are you staying in Guangzhou? 要点精讲4：always, forever, continually, constantly等频度副词与现在进行时连用表示赞扬、抱怨、不满等感情色彩。 例1：He is constantly leaving his things about.（表责怪） 例2：They are forever quarreling about something. (不满) 考点三、现在完成时三种典型用法 要点精讲1：表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在并有可能继续下去。常见标志词：副词型---already, ever, never, recently, lately, yet；短语型---so far, every since, for days, up to now, in the past two years, over the weeks等。概括为：发生在过去，影响在现在。 例1：Since then, he has developed another bad habit. 例2：Up to now, everything has been OK. 例3：There has been no rain here for nearly two months. 要点精讲2：在It/This is the first/second/third…time+ that…从句中，从句常用现在完成时。但是主语是过去时，从句要用过去完成时。 例1：It is the first time that I have spoken in public. 要点精讲3：在It/This is the best/worst… + 名词+定语从句中，从句常用现在完成时。 例：This is the most interesting novel that he has ever written. 考点四、现在完成进行时典型用法 （高中重点） 要点精讲1：现在完成进行时表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。 例1：We have been discussing the matter several times this year. 例2：He has been writing articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher. 要点精讲2：现在完成进行时和现在完成时的用法比较 区别 现在完成进行时 现在完成时 区别一 表示动作的重复 一般不表示重复性 区别二 含有感情色彩 一般是平铺直叙 区别三 强调事情的过程 强调事情结果 例1：Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？ 例2：Have you met him recently? 你最近见到过他吗？ 例3：I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满） 例4：I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实） 例5：Who has been eating the oranges? 谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些） 例6：Who has eaten the oranges? 谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩） 考点五、一般将来时五种表达方法 要点精讲1：will/shall do表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，是最常见的一般将来时表达形式。注意will do还可以表示不以人的意志为转移的自然规律；表示临时性决定或打算，还可以用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中。 例1：I shall be free this afternoon. 例2：My sister will be 18 next year. 例3：— George phoned while you were out. — Ok. I will phone him back. 例4：Work hard and you will succeed. 要点精讲2：be going to do也是一般将来时表达方式，表示推测时强调说话有充分依据，尤指天气变化。 例1：Are you going to play basketball after class? 例2：Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. 要点精讲3：“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。 例：The English evening is about to start. 要点精讲4：“be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。 例1：There is to be a slide show this afternoon. 例2：You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 要点精讲5：现在进行时表将来，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start, move, arrive等。 例1：I am leaving for Tibet on Sunday. 例2：When are you going back to your factory? 考点六、一般将来进行时典型用法 要点精讲：将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有by this time tomorrow等等。 例1：By this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach. 例2：Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We will be having classes then. 考点七、将来完成时两种典型用法 （高中重点） 要点精讲1：一般将来完成时（will have done）表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作，通常与before或by, by the end of, by the time…等结构连用。 例1：By the end of this month, we will have studied 10 units. 例2：When they move here next month, we will have lived in the city for 5 years. 要点精讲2：过去将来完成时（would have done）表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，多与宾语从句和虚拟语气连用。 例1：I thought Sophia would have told you something. 例2：If we had found him earlier we would have saved his life. 考点八、一般过去时三种典型用法 要点精讲1：一般过去时多表示过去已发生的动作，并有明确的时间状语，如the other day, yesterday, last week, in 1980等。 例1：Tom didn't come to class yesterday. 例2：Oh, John. I never thought I met you here. 要点精讲2：一般过去时表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作，常与often，usually，seldom等频度副词连用。 例：When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there. 要点精讲3：一般过去时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与现在事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that…., It is time that…. 及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I would rather you came tomorrow. 例2：It is high time that we had our lunch. 例3：I wish I were a bird, flying freely in the sky. 例4：If only I knew how to operate an electronic computer as you do. 例5：If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 考点九、过去进行时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常有明确的时间状语暗示，如at 7:00 last night等。 例1：I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 例2：She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper. 要点精讲2：过去进行时还可以表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作。 例1：We were talking about you the whole morning. 例2：He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 要点精讲3：go, come ,leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。 例：She said she was leaving for New York the next month. 要点精讲4：过去进行时用于as, when, while等状语从句，表示另一动作发生的背景。 例1：It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 例2：Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 要点精讲5：always, forever, continually, constantly频度副词与过去进行时连用表示赞扬，抱怨等感情色彩。 例1：The girl was always changing her mind. 例2：In the past he was constantly asking me for money. 考点十、过去完成时四种典型用法 要点精讲1：过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by, by the end of, be the time…引导的时间状语或以before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。概括为：过去的过去。 例1：By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work. 例2：I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. 要点精讲2：intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。 例1：They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time. 例2：I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. 要点精讲3：在 It was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。 例1：This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 例2：It was the fourth time she had shopped online for hours. 要点精讲3：在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。 例1：She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang. 例2：No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded. 要点精讲4：过去完成时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与过去事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that….及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I wish that I had seen her yesterday. 例2：I felt as though we had known each other for years. 例3：If only I had known her earlier! 例4：I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday. 例5：If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 考点十一、过去将来时三种典型用法 要点精讲1：一般过去将来时是由“should/would + 动词原形”构成，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。 例1：He said they would arrange a party. 例2：He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris. 要点精讲2：用于was/were about to do…when…句型，表示：正要……这时发生另一件事。was/were to do 也可以用于过去将来时。 例：I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain. 要点精讲3：过去将来时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与将来事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that….及if虚拟条件句等。 例1：I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 例2：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. 一、单句语法填空 1．The plane (take) off at 10:10, which means you need to hurry because there’s only ten minutes left. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The first or last phrase spoken (be) memorised better than the conversation as a whole. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The Chinese solar calendar (divide) the year into 24 solar terms. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．She is still (suffer) from the pain of losing her home in the wildfire. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The teacher, along with his students (visit) the museum now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Unfortunately, wild animals are being over hunted, and some of them (die) out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．He (seek) to explain his idea clearly, but few people in the audience could really understand him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．The man (escape) from the room last night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．A strong feeling of warmth (strike) all of us when we saw the smiles on their faces. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．He said his train (leave) at 6 p.m., so he had to hurry. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．They (leave) when the bell started ringing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．He (explore) more possibilities for a changing world in the coming years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．The symptoms of flu may be unpleasant, but they (disappear) within a few days. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Look at those clouds. I expect that it (rain) this afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．This is one of the few software companies that (develop) more than ten popular web applications since 2025. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．It’s said that this old tree in the village (stand) for over 500 years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．There (be) golden ages of invention throughout history. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．It was the first time I (see) him so angry and passionate. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．There (be) a number of failures before they eventually found a way to clone a monkey successfully. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．She hoped that she (become) a doctor one day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 21．People often feel _____________. 人们经常觉得自己太忙了, 没有时间做志愿服务。 22．The small apartment ________ ________ (属于) my father and me, and it was all we had. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 23．The careless driver __________ (闯红灯) and crashed into another car that had the right of way. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 24．We __________. Where is the nearest filling station? 我们马上没汽油了。最近的加油站在哪里? 25．我们所有人都期待在国庆节有一个假期。 All of us are ________ a holiday on National Day. 26．我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。 We were informed that the leaders ________________ our school soon. 27．________________ for the bus, I met her. 等公共汽车的时候，我遇见了她。 28．得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。 Learning that you ________, I’m writing to inform you of some necessary do’s and don’ts. 29．He has broken one of his legs. As a result, he ________ (将不得不离开) school for three months. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 30．Your story is perfect; I’ve never ______________ (听过比这更好的故事). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 三、语篇填空（时态专练） The Dragon Dance is a form of traditional dance in Chinese culture. It 1.　　　　　(spread) all over China and to the whole world so far.  Traditionally， dragons 2.　　　　　(make) of wood. However， in modern times， dragons 3.___ (be) much lighter because they are made of lighter materials like plastics. The length of dragons can be from 25 to 35 meters for acrobatic(杂技的) models， and up to 50 to 70 meters for the larger parade(游行) styles because people believe that the longer the dragon is， the more luck it4.　　　　　 (bring) to the community. A small organization cannot run a very long dragon because it 5.　　　　　(require) great human power， much money and special skills.  The Dragon Dance itself 6.　　　　　(begin) during the Han Dynasty. And it 7.　　　　　(start) by the Chinese who had shown great respect for the dragon. It was already a popular event during the Song Dynasty.  At that time， it 8.　　　　　(become) a popular activity like the Lion Dance. People could often see it during some important festivals. In the Qing Dynasty， the Dragon Dance Team of Fuzhou 9.　　　　　(invite) to put on a show in Beijing. And the emperor 10.　　　　　(speak) highly of it.  一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Forbidden City: A Living Museum The Forbidden City, 1 (locate) in the heart of Beijing, is one of the most famous museums in the world. It served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties. 2 (build) between 1406 and 1420, the Forbidden City covers 720,000 square meters and has over 9,000 rooms. It 3 (be) a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. The Forbidden City is not just a museum of ancient 4 (building). It houses over 1.8 million cultural relics, including paintings, ceramics, and jade. Only about 1% 5 (display) at any given time due to the large number. In recent years, the Forbidden City 6 (become) a cultural phenomenon. Its cultural creative products (文创产品) — from lipsticks to phone cases — are wildly popular 7 young people. The museum has also launched apps and online tours to reach a 8 (wide) audience. “We want to make history come alive,” says the museum’s director. “The Forbidden City is not a 9 (die) place. It is a living museum that continues 10 (inspire) people today.” 二、阅读理解 I was floating on cloud nine because my first children’s book had just been published. Eager to share the joy, I arrived thirty minutes early for my monthly writers’ meeting at the library. While I was waiting in the dim hallway, a big man wearing a cowboy hat and leather boots approached me with a warm smile. Sensing my excitement, the gentleman politely asked how I was doing. His simple question opened the floodgates of my enthusiasm. I told him everything about my book and even pushed a promotional poster in his face, reading it to him as if he couldn’t understand it on his own. Had I been in my right mind, I might have realized I was frightening a stranger with my extreme excitement. However, the man seemed genuinely interested, studying the text carefully and encouraging me to cherish such happy moments. He made me feel like I could accomplish anything. When the meeting finally started, I was shocked to see the “hallway gentleman” standing behind the platform. He was Dusty Richards — a famous award-winning writer who had authored dozens of books! I had been babbling about my little book to a writing superstar. Dusty fascinated the audience with his stories and passion for the craft. Before leaving, he made eye contact with me and gave me a thumbs-up, as if to say, “Go get ’em. ” Sadly, Dusty passed away in an accident not long after. However, I will never forget his kindness. He treated a stranger like a lifetime friend and an equal. Never before had I met someone who was so sincerely pleased in another’s success. Today, whenever I face rejections or doubts, I think of Dusty’s twinkling eyes in that dim hallway. His image always drove away my negative thoughts and encourages me to keep moving ahead. Truly, encouragement is like water to the soul; it makes everything grow. 11．What do we know about the author from the first two paragraphs? A．She was proud of her poster. B．She was lost in her excitement. C．She felt afraid of the stranger. D．She was admiring of the man. 12．Which of the following best describe Dusty? A．Creative and reliable. B．Modest and ambitious. C．Kind and encouraging. D．Humorous and determined. 13．What do the underlined words “babbling about” mean in paragraph 3? A．Talking casually about. B．Speaking excitedly about. C．Explaining carefully about. D．Whispering nervously about. 14．What does the author’s experience show? A．Nothing is impossible. B．Every cloud has a silver lining. C．Enthusiasm makes a difference. D．Encouragement can go a long way. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $