衔接点04 被动语态（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点04 被动语态 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段主要学习被动语态的基本结构，即“be + 过去分词”。初中阶段通常只涉及到一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的被动语态形式及含情态动词的被动语态。 高中阶段，除了掌握基本结构外，学生还需要理解被动语态在不同时态中的使用。此外，学生需要掌握所有基本时态的被动语态形式，包括现在进行时、过去进行时及get +done等也可表示被动。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中被动语态考点聚焦】 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned every day. 一般过去时 was/were+done The kite was made by him. 一般将来时 will/shall be+done 或者am/is/are + going to be +done Trees will be planted tomorrow. 含有情态动词 情态动词+be+done Anything here can't be touched. 1．It is ________ that terrorism is a great threat to world peace. A．widely accepting B．widely accepted C．wide accepted D．wide accepting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：恐怖主义是对世界和平的巨大威胁，这是被广泛接受的。 widely副词，广泛地，修饰动词；wide形容词，宽阔的，修饰名词。本句为被动结构is accepted，用副词widely修饰accepted。It is widely accepted that...为固定句型，意为“人们普遍认为……”。 2．A large number of old houses in this area ________ down last year to build a new park. A．pull B．pulled C．were pulled D．are pulled 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去年为了建造一个新公园，这个区域的大量旧房子被拆毁了。 主语houses与动词短语pull down之间是被动关系，需用被动语态（be+过去分词）；根据时间状语last year可知时态为一般过去时，且主语为复数，be动词应用were。故选C。 3．It will be a great honor if I ________ to the charity evening party next Monday. A．invite B．will invite C．was invited D．am invited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果下周一我被邀请参加慈善晚会，那将是一大荣幸。 主句是一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，需用一般现在时；主语I与invite之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。一般现在时被动语态结构为am/is/are done。故选D。 4．Mary has drawn five comic strips this year and three of them ________ months ago. A．published B．were published C．have published D．have been published 【答案】B 【详解】句意：玛丽今年画了五幅漫画，其中三幅是几个月前出版的。 根据时间状语“months ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语“three of them”指代漫画，与动词“publish”之间是被动关系，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态（were/was +过去分词）。 5．All visitors ________ to sign in and show their ID before they enter the school campus. A．require B．required C．are required D．were required 【答案】C 【详解】句意：所有访客在进入校园前都被要求登记并出示身份证。 require动词原形；required动词过去式或者过去分词；are required一般现在时的被动语态形式；were required一般过去时的被动语态形式。主语“All visitors”与动词 require 之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，根据从句“before they enter”可知时态是一般现在时，选项C符合。 6．In the next few years, more AI tools ________ applied to public health systems. A．are B．were C．will be D．have been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在接下来的几年里，更多的 AI 工具将被应用到公共卫生系统中。 根据时间状语“In the next few years”可知，句子时态为一般将来时；主语“more AI tools”与动词“apply”之间是被动关系，所以要用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”。应填will be。 7．The results of the experiment ________ carefully before they are published. A．check B．were checked C．will check D．will be checked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：实验结果在发表之前将被仔细核对。 根据“before they are published”可知，实验结果还未发表，所以“核对”这一动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时；且主语“The results of the experiment”与动词“check”之间是被动关系，即“实验结果被核对”，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be+过去分词”，应填will be checked。 8．Don’t worry. Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A．kept B．can keep C．could keep D．can be kept 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不要担心。你的包裹可以被保存在这里直到你回来，所以请享受在这里购物。 考查被动语态。主语Your package与谓语keep之间是被动关系，用被动语态，结构为be done，情态动词can后面加be动词原形，keep的过去分词为kept。故选D。 9．Success _________ if you keep working hard towards your goals . A．achieve B．will achieve C．can be achieved D．was achieved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你继续朝着你的目标不断努力，成功是可以实现的。 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句子的主语success与动词“achieve”之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；if引导条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”原则，如果主句中含有情态动词时，从句通常用一般现在时，所以此处使用含有情态动词的被动语态（can be done）。故选C。 10．That apartment block is old and dangerous. It should _________. A．pull down B．be pulled down C．pulled down D．be pulling down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那栋公寓楼又旧又危险。应该把它拆除。 考查情态动词的被动语态。句子主语It与谓语动词pull down是被动关系，故本句应用被动语态，被动语态的构成是：be+及物动词的过去分词，pull的过去分词是pulled；should情态动词，后接动词原形。故选B。 【高中被动语态考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中英语：除了掌握基本结构外，学生还需要理解被动语态在不同时态中的使用。需要掌握所有基本时态的被动语态形式，包括现在进行时、过去进行时、过去完成时等。 考点清单 动词语态梳理 1、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 2、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 3、主动形式表示被动意义 （1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 （2）．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 （3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 （4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 4、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 如：我们在三天之内能完成工作。 We can finish the work in three days. The work can be finished by us in three days. 你应该把你的书收好。 You ought to put your books away. Your books ought to be put away. 高中语态主要学习 · 一. 现在进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“be+being+过去分词（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。 主动句：The teacher is telling Snow White now.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White is being told (by the teacher) now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Snow White isn’t being told now. （疑问句）A:Is Snow White being told now? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. · 二. 过去进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：The teacher was telling Snow White when I got there. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White was being told (by the teacher) when I got there. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被（老师）讲。 （否定句）Snow White wasn’t being told when I got there. （疑问句）A:Was Snow White being told when I got there? B:Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. · 三. 将来完成时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：We shall/will have made ten thousand DVDs by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 截至这个月底，我们将生产出一万台DVD。 被动句： （肯定句）Ten thousand DVDs will have been made (by us) by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 截至这个月底，一万台DVD将被（我们）生产出来。 （否定句）Ten thousand DVDs won’t have been made by the end of this month. （疑问句）A:Will ten thousand DVDs have been made by the end of this month? B:Yes,they will./No,they won’t. 一、单句语法填空 1．Every room is (equip) with air conditioning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】equipped 【详解】句意：每个房间都配有空调。主语Every room和所给动词equip（配备、装备）之间是被动关系，本句使用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“be动词+过去分词”，空前有is，因此空处填equip的过去分词形式equipped。 2．Many old buildings (repair) now to protect the local culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being repaired 【详解】句意：许多古建筑如今正在被修缮，以保护当地文化。now与现在进行时连用，主语buildings与repair是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being done；且主语buildings复数，用are being repaired。 3．Mobile phones (use) by more and more people nowadays. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being used/are used 【详解】句意：如今越来越多的人正在使用手机。主语Mobile phones和动词use是被动关系，要用被动语态；时间标志词nowadays表示“如今”，可用一般现在时的被动语态are used，用来描述普遍现状；也可强调现阶段正在发生，用现在进行时的被动语态are being used。 4．Rare animals (harm) if people keep destroying their living places. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】will be harmed 【详解】句意：如果人类持续破坏栖息地，珍稀动物将会受到伤害。 if 引导条件状语从句遵循主将从现，主语 animals与 harm为被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态。 5．Young people will (appeal) to by this new idea. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be appealed 【详解】句意：年轻人将会被这个新想法吸引。主语Young people和appeal to（吸引）之间是被动关系，且句子已有一般将来时的标志助动词will，因此需要使用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为：will be + 过去分词。appeal的过去分词为appealed。 6．It’s required by the teacher that all the exercise books (turn) in early the next morning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be turned/should be turned 【详解】句意：老师要求所有作业本次日清晨尽早上交。该句为it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语，require后的从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为“should do”，should可以省略，books和turn in是被动关系，所以谓语动词为(should) be turned。 7．This problem (solve) already, so we don’t need to discuss it again. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been solved 【详解】句意：这个问题已经解决，所以我们不需要再讨论它了。根据副词already可知，空处应使用现在完成时，表示动作对现在的影响；solve与单数主语This problem之间为被动关系，应使用被动词态，因此空处应填入现在完成时被动语态has been solved。 8．The house (paint) at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being painted 【详解】句意：此刻这栋房子正在被粉刷。此处为谓语动词，at the moment表此刻，用现在进行时，主语house和paint是被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is being painted。 9．The old building (pull) down these days. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being pulled 【详解】句意：这座老建筑这些天正在被拆除。pull down(拆除)作谓语，与主语building之间是被动关系，结合句意和时间状语these days可推知，描述现阶段正在发生的事情，用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式is being pulled。 10．The room (clean) by my sister at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being cleaned 【详解】句意：此刻我姐姐正在打扫房间。at the moment与现在进行时连用；且room和clean是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，基本结构为：am/is/are + being done，表示“正在被”，主语是名单数，be动词使用is。 11．He hurried home late at night, never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was being followed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他深夜匆忙回家，一次也没有回头看自己是否正被跟踪。宾语从句主语 he 与动词 follow 之间为被动关系，根据“never once looking back (一次也没有回头)”可知，此处强调过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时的被动语态。故填 was being followed。 12．The famous musician, together with his band members, (interview) by the reporter when the power went out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being interviewed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这位著名的音乐家以及他的乐队成员当时正在接受记者的采访，就在这时停电了。此处谓语与The famous musician构成被动关系，且表示过去某个时刻正在发生，为过去进行时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was being interviewed。 13．He said many activities (plan) for the celebration of the company’s 10th anniversary just then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were being planned 【详解】考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：他说为了庆祝公司成立10周年，许多活动当时正在筹划中。主语activities与plan之间是被动关系，结合时间状语just then可知，此处应用过去进行时的被动语态，表示当时正在进行的被动的动作，主语activities是复数名词，be动词用were。故填were being planned。 14．After school, we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it (decorate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being decorated 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。空处作宾语从句的谓语，结合“went”和语境可知，此处表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，it（指代reading room）和decorate为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为it，be动词用was。故填was being decorated。 15．The experiment (repeat) three times, with similar results each time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been repeated 【详解】句意：这个实验已经被重复做了三次，每次结果都相似。主语experiment与动词repeat为被动关系，结合语境强调动作已完成，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语用has been repeated。 16．Great improvements in public health (bring) about by advances in medical science so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been brought 【详解】句意：到目前为止，医学的进步已经给公共卫生带来了巨大的改善。结合句意表示“带来”，且时间状语so far需用现在完成时，主语Great improvements与bring about为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。 17．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been trapped 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险，救出了两名被困山中已达两天的游客。由for two days和risked可知，句子应用过去完成时，即发生在过去的过去，主语who代指two tourists，和动词trap是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been trapped。 18．By last weekend, all the damaged roads in the mountain area   (repair) by the local government. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been repaired 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到上周末为止，山区所有受损的道路都已由当地政府修复完毕。设空处使用动词作谓语，时间状语By last weekend是过去完成时时态标志，主语roads与repair是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been repaired。 19．All the money we got from this activity would be (donate) to charity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】donated 【详解】考查语态。句意：我们从这次活动中获得的所有资金都将捐赠给慈善机构。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文would be可知为过去将来时的被动语态。故填donated。 20．It was reported that another bridge was (build) across the river the next year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be built 【详解】考查动词的语态和时态。句意：据报道，第二年将在这条河上再建一座桥。结合时间状语“the next year”和主句的一般过去时可知，build(建造，修建)是过去讨论的将来要去做的事情，应用过去将来时态，结合句意和was，应用be to do结构表示按照计划、安排或官方决定将要去做的事情，且build与主语another bridge之间是被动关系，应用被动语态was to be built。故填to be built。 二、完成句子 21．到目前为止，我们城市许多老房子已被修缮。 Many old houses ________ ________ ________ in our city so far. 【答案】 have been repaired/restored 【详解】设空处为谓语，主语houses与修缮为被动关系，结合标志词so far可知用现在完成时的被动语态have been done，结合句意 “修缮”可用repair或restore，主语复数，助动词用have。 22．火灾被认为是从楼上的一个房间里开始燃起的。 (be thought to have done sth. ) The fire_____________ in an upstairs room. 【答案】is thought to have started 【详解】根据句意可知，此处意为“被认为是……燃起的”，根据所给要求“be thought to have done sth”可知，应表达为is thought to have started，在句中作谓语动词，主语为The fire，为单数，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时is thought to have started。 23．这个团队由五名成员组成。 The team is _____________ _____________ of five members. 【答案】 made up 【详解】be made up of...是固定短语，意为“由……组成”。 24．她的时间全被她的三个孩子占用了。 Her time ____________________ her three children. 【答案】is fully occupied with 【详解】考查动词短语。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“全被……占用了”，可用短语be fully occupied with，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语her time为不可数名词，be动词应用is。 25．近年来，社交媒体对青少年的影响引起了广泛关注。 In recent years, ________ ________about the impact of social media on teenagers 【答案】 widespread concern has been raised 【详解】“广泛的关注”用名词短语widespread concern，作主语，“引起”用动词raise，结合时间状语in rencent years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语和raise是被动关系，应用被动语态have/has been raised，concern不可数，助动词用has。 26．电影结束时，每个人都已感动得热泪盈眶。 By the end of the film, everyone ________________ to tears. 【答案】had been moved 【详解】句意：到电影结束时，每个人都已感动得热泪盈眶。“by the end of + 过去时间”表示“到过去某个时间为止”，常与过去完成时连用。everyone与move之间是被动关系，即“每个人被感动”，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。过去完成时的被动语态结构为“had been + 过去分词”，move的过去分词是moved，所以填had been moved。 27．这部兼具思想性与影响力的著作，被公认为环保领域的一座重要里程碑。(regard) This insightful and influential book ________________ in the field of environmental protection. 【答案】is widely regarded as a crucial milestone 【详解】“被公认是……”用短语be widely regarded as，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语book是第三人称单数，be用is。“一座重要的里程碑”用a crucial milestone作宾语。 28．现在机器人被广泛应用于工厂的许多重复性任务中，这大大减轻了工人的工作负担。 Robots ________ many repetitive tasks in factories now, ________ has greatly reduced workers’ workload. 【答案】 are employed in which 【详解】“被应用于”为“be employed in”，句子描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，主语Robots是复数，所以用are employed in，在句中作谓语；第二个空引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子Robots are employed in many repetitive tasks in factories now，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该从句。 29．这座历史建筑已矗立了三百余年，至今仍保存完好。 The historical building has stood for over 300 years and ________. 【答案】is still well preserved 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，此处表示“至今仍被完好保存”，“保存”用动词preserve，在句中作谓语，此处陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时，且该动词和主语之间为被动关系，所以需用一般现在时的被动语态，主语The historical building为单数，be动词用is，“完好”用副词well，修饰动词preserve，“仍然”用副词still。 30．我学到的是成长的真正意义，从那时起我被激励要更加努力学习。(inspire) I learned the true meaning of growing up and from then on I ________________. 【答案】was inspired to work harder 【详解】空处为“被激励要更加努力学习”；“激励”用动词inspire表示，inspire sb. to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”，本句中I和inspire之间是被动关系，且learned表明事情发生在过去，inspire用一般过去时的被动语态was inspired。“更加努力学习”用work harder，用动词不定式作补语。 一、语篇填空（被动语态专练） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 "Great things take time," my teacher told me when I was refused. "If you keep trying, you 　1　(praise) for your hard work sooner or later." After I finished high school, I planned to work as a part-time journalist. My articles 　2　(submit) to three local newspapers, but none of them was accepted. I felt upset, but my teacher encouraged me not to give up. One week later, a short story I wrote 　3　(choose) by a magazine. I was so excited! From then on, I kept writing every day. More works 　4　(publish) one after another. Up to now, I 　5　(offer) chances to write for several famous platforms. Last month, I 　6　(invite) to write a column for a well-known newspaper. Now I often tell my friends: "If you stick to your dream, you 　7　(support) by those around you. Every effort you make 　8　(notice) finally. Even if you 　9　(laugh) at now, don’t lose heart. Success 　10　(achieve) by those who never stop trying." 【导读】　本文讲述了作者坚持写作梦想，从被拒绝到成功获得专栏写作机会的励志故事，考查一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在完成时的被动语态。 1. will be praised　if 条件状语从句遵循主将从现，主语 you 与 praise 为被动关系，表示 “你终将因努力被表扬”，用一般将来时被动语态。 2. were submitted　主语 articles 与 submit 为被动关系，全文以过去时为主，复数主语用 were，意为 “稿件被投递”，填 were submitted。 3. was chosen　主语 story 与 choose 为被动关系，过去时态，单数主语用 was，表 “短篇小说被选中”，填 was chosen。 4. were published　主语 works 与 publish 为被动关系，描述过去经历，复数主语用 were，意为 “作品被发表”，填 were published。 5. have been offered　时间状语 up to now（到目前为止）是现在完成时标志，主语 I 与 offer 为被动关系，用现在完成时被动语态，表 “我已被给予机会”。 6. was invited　last month 为过去时间，主语 I 与 invite 为被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态，意为 “我被邀请写专栏”，填 was invited。 7. will be supported　if 条件句主将从现，主语 you 与 support 为被动关系，表 “你会被身边人支持”，用一般将来时被动语态。 8. will be noticed　主语 effort 与 notice 为被动关系，finally 表将来，意为 “努力终将被看见”，用一般将来时被动语态。 9. are laughed　now 表示一般现在时，固定搭配 be laughed at（被嘲笑），主语 you 对应 are，填 are laughed。 10. is achieved　陈述客观真理，主语 success 与 achieve 为被动关系，不可数名词用 is，意为 “成功由坚持者获得”，填 is achieved。 二、阅读理解 A Ruggedy Range Birding Road Tour Are you interested in combining some birdwatching with a chance to enjoy beautiful scenery along the way? We have developed a delightful short tour for anyone seeking out a variety of native birds on Stewart Island. You don’t need to be a birdwatcher to do this tour, as our knowledgeable guides will provide information about the birds we see on the island. We travel by mini-bus so you don’t have to walk too many hills. We will stop often to take several easy short walks of 5 to 15 minutes with some excellent photo chances. Your driver or guide will help answer your questions and make this an enjoyable and rewarding tour. Location: Oban, Halfmoon Bay, Horseshoe Bay, Lee Bay, Stewart Island Pricing & Information Adult: NZ $120.00 per person Child: NZ $75.00 per person Includes: Birding tour & Transport to and from Ruggedy Range Booking Office where tour starts and ends. Group size: 4 to 8 persons Important: Tour groups can be arranged for 2 or 3 persons with an extra charge of NZ $25.00 per person. Duration (持续时间): 2 hours Note: Subject to our availability, we may be able to offer longer tours. Leaving Time: 9:00 a.m. or 1:00 p.m. or 3:30 p.m. Important: Leaving times can be arranged to fit in with your schedule and our availability. Start/ End: Ruggedy Range Booking Office Suitable for: Reasonable fitness Note: Not suitable for children below the age of 10. 1．What does Birding Road Tour offer? A．Informative guiding. B．Free transportation. C．Expert photo service. D．Personalized travel paths. 2．How much should a couple with a teenager pay if they want to form a tour group? A．$315. B．$340. C．$365. D．$390. 3．What is required for joining the tour? A．Setting off at a fixed time. B．Finishing the tour within two hours. C．Meeting the age requirement. D．Being in excellent physical condition. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了斯图尔特岛观鸟短途旅行，配有专业导游讲解，搭乘小巴出行。文中重点介绍了行程地点、收费标准、时长与出发时间，同时说明了参团人数、年龄及体能相关参与要求。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“You don’t need to be a birdwatcher to do this tour, as our knowledgeable guides will provide information about the birds we see on the island.( 您无需具备观鸟经验即可参加此旅行，因为我们的资深导游会为您介绍我们在岛上所见到的鸟类。)”以及第二段中“Your driver or guide will help answer your questions and make this an enjoyable and rewarding tour.( 您的司机或导游会帮助解答您的问题，并让这次旅行既愉快又富有收获。)”可知，观鸟之旅提供详尽的讲解。 2．细节理解题。根据Pricing & Information中“Adult: NZ $120.00 per person; Child: NZ $75.00 per person(成人：每人 120 新西兰元；儿童：每人 75 新西兰元)”以及“Important: Tour groups can be arranged for 2 or 3 persons with an extra charge of NZ $25.00 per person.( 重要事项：可以为 2 或 3 人安排单独的旅行团，需额外支付每人 25 新西兰元。)”可知，如果一对有孩子的夫妇想要组成一个旅行团，基础费用：2 位成人 ×120 + 1 位青少年 ×75 = 240 + 75 = 315新西兰元；额外费用：3 人 ×25 = 75新西兰元；总费用：315 + 75 = 390新西兰元。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Note: Not suitable for children below the age of 10.( 注意：不适宜 10 岁以下儿童。)”可知，旅行有明确的年龄限制，10 岁以下儿童不得参加，即需要满足年龄要求。 B How often do you feel like a busy little bee, travelling around from here to there, trying very hard to please others as well as making a living? I have been feeling like a busy little bee all my life. At school, I was very busy doing homework, studying for exams, and making friends. I was also very busy trying not to get into too much trouble. When I left school, I became busy finding a good job, and then busy trying to raise a happy family. In my busyness, I often overlooked the simple pleasures in life. I stopped living in the “now”. I was always too busy looking toward achieving my next big goal. Work and study had taken priority in my life. I worked and studied five days a week; sometimes six or seven. My children started complaining that I was always busy and that I never had time for them. I knew they were right, but I did not know how to stop the wheel from spinning. Just like a little bee that goes out to collect pollen to nurture the young and grow the population of the hive, I thought that my busyness ensured that I could supply all my family’s needs. How wrong I was. I failed to supply some of their needs, and I also failed to supply some of mine. While climbing the highest mountain in Bali, Indonesia, three weeks ago, Mother Nature gave me a few valuable lessons in balance. Not the type of balance needed to stay standing upright, but the type needed to become a healthy, balanced vessel to bring about positive change in this world. In the ten hours that it took me to climb up and down the mountain, I had time to reflect on how, in the last six years, I have been so busy feeding my mental self and a little of my spiritual and emotional self that I have completely neglected my physical self. Struggling up that mountain, I had to borrow much needed energy from my mental and spiritual self to support my emotional and physical self. It was a very tiring experience, which has since brought about much-needed change in my life. The pearl of wisdom that I discovered on that tough hike up the mountain was that I should love, respect, and feed all of my “selves”. The one “self” is just as important as the other. Give equal attention to your mental, physical, emotional and spiritual self. All of these are needed if you wish to become a balanced vessel. 4．Why does the writer compare herself to a busy little bee? A．Because she keeps herself busy with various daily things B．Because she likes collecting things like a little bee C．Because she is always busy helping others for free D．Because she has a lot of homework to finish every day 5．What made the writer change her lifestyle greatly? A．Her children’s continuous complaints B．Her terrible physical health condition C．The experience of climbing a mountain in Bali D．The advice from her friends and family 6．What does the underlined phrase “a balanced vessel” probably mean? A．A person who is good at climbing mountains and doing exercise B．A person who pays equal attention to all aspects of his/her life C．A container that can keep all kinds of liquids in balance D．A person who can always keep calm when facing difficulties 7．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How to Get Along Well with Your Family B．How to Keep Healthy by Taking Exercise C．The Importance of Setting Life Goals D．The Key to a Balanced and Happy Life 【答案】4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 【导语】作者将自己比作忙碌的小蜜蜂，一生奔波于学习、工作与养家，却忽略了生活本身和身心均衡。一次巴厘岛登山经历让她醒悟，人要兼顾精神、身体、情感与心灵，才能拥有平衡美好的生活。 【详解】4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“How often do you feel like a busy little bee, travelling around from here to there, trying very hard to please others as well as making a living?(你是否常常感觉自己像一只忙碌的小蜜蜂，四处奔波，努力谋生、取悦他人？)” 以及后文讲述求学、工作、养家等各类琐事可知，作者因终日忙于各类日常事务，才把自己比作忙碌的小蜜蜂。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“While climbing the highest mountain in Bali, Indonesia, three weeks ago, Mother Nature gave me a few valuable lessons in balance. (三周前在印度尼西亚巴厘岛攀登最高峰时，大自然让我领悟到平衡的真谛)”和“It was a very tiring experience, which has since brought about much-needed change in my life.(那是一段非常疲惫的经历，但自此它为我的生活带来了急需的改变。)”可知，巴厘岛的登山经历让作者大大地改变了生活方式。 6．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“The pearl of wisdom that I discovered on that tough hike up the mountain was that I should love, respect, and feed all of my “selves”. The one “self” is just as important as the other.(在那次艰难的登山过程中，我领悟到了一个智慧的启示：我应当关爱、尊重并供养我所有的“自我”。每一个“自我”都与其他的“自我”同等重要。)” 和最后一段“Give equal attention to your mental, physical, emotional and spiritual self. All of these are needed if you wish to become a balanced vessel. (平等关注精神、身体、情感和心灵层面。如果想要成为a balanced vessel，那么所有这些要素都是必不可少的。)”可推知，a balanced vessel指全方位兼顾生活各方面的人。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是最后一段“Give equal attention to your mental, physical, emotional and spiritual self. All of these are needed if you wish to become a balanced vessel. (平等关注精神、身体、情感和心灵层面。如果想要成为一个平衡的个体，那么所有这些要素都是必不可少的。)”，文章核心围绕生活平衡展开，讲述作者从过度忙碌到领悟身心均衡的重要性，学会平衡生活才能收获幸福。因此推断D项“平衡且幸福生活的秘诀”能概括主旨。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点04 被动语态 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段主要学习被动语态的基本结构，即“be + 过去分词”。初中阶段通常只涉及到一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的被动语态形式及含情态动词的被动语态。 高中阶段，除了掌握基本结构外，学生还需要理解被动语态在不同时态中的使用。此外，学生需要掌握所有基本时态的被动语态形式，包括现在进行时、过去进行时及get +done等也可表示被动。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中被动语态考点聚焦】 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned every day. 一般过去时 was/were+done The kite was made by him. 一般将来时 will/shall be+done 或者am/is/are + going to be +done Trees will be planted tomorrow. 含有情态动词 情态动词+be+done Anything here can't be touched. 1．It is ________ that terrorism is a great threat to world peace. A．widely accepting B．widely accepted C．wide accepted D．wide accepting 2．A large number of old houses in this area ________ down last year to build a new park. A．pull B．pulled C．were pulled D．are pulled 3．It will be a great honor if I ________ to the charity evening party next Monday. A．invite B．will invite C．was invited D．am invited 4．Mary has drawn five comic strips this year and three of them ________ months ago. A．published B．were published C．have published D．have been published 5．All visitors ________ to sign in and show their ID before they enter the school campus. A．require B．required C．are required D．were required 6．In the next few years, more AI tools ________ applied to public health systems. A．are B．were C．will be D．have been 7．The results of the experiment ________ carefully before they are published. A．check B．were checked C．will check D．will be checked 8．Don’t worry. Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A．kept B．can keep C．could keep D．can be kept 9．Success _________ if you keep working hard towards your goals . A．achieve B．will achieve C．can be achieved D．was achieved 10．That apartment block is old and dangerous. It should _________. A．pull down B．be pulled down C．pulled down D．be pulling down 【高中被动语态考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中英语：除了掌握基本结构外，学生还需要理解被动语态在不同时态中的使用。需要掌握所有基本时态的被动语态形式，包括现在进行时、过去进行时、过去完成时等。 考点清单 动词语态梳理 1、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 2、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 3、主动形式表示被动意义 （1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 （2）．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 （3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 （4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 4、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 如：我们在三天之内能完成工作。 We can finish the work in three days. The work can be finished by us in three days. 你应该把你的书收好。 You ought to put your books away. Your books ought to be put away. 高中语态主要学习 · 一. 现在进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“be+being+过去分词（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。 主动句：The teacher is telling Snow White now.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White is being told (by the teacher) now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Snow White isn’t being told now. （疑问句）A:Is Snow White being told now? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. · 二. 过去进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：The teacher was telling Snow White when I got there. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White was being told (by the teacher) when I got there. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被（老师）讲。 （否定句）Snow White wasn’t being told when I got there. （疑问句）A:Was Snow White being told when I got there? B:Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. · 三. 将来完成时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：We shall/will have made ten thousand DVDs by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 截至这个月底，我们将生产出一万台DVD。 被动句： （肯定句）Ten thousand DVDs will have been made (by us) by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 截至这个月底，一万台DVD将被（我们）生产出来。 （否定句）Ten thousand DVDs won’t have been made by the end of this month. （疑问句）A:Will ten thousand DVDs have been made by the end of this month? B:Yes,they will./No,they won’t. 一、单句语法填空 1．Every room is (equip) with air conditioning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Many old buildings (repair) now to protect the local culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Mobile phones (use) by more and more people nowadays. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Rare animals (harm) if people keep destroying their living places. （所给词的适当形式填空） 5．Young people will (appeal) to by this new idea. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．It’s required by the teacher that all the exercise books (turn) in early the next morning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．This problem (solve) already, so we don’t need to discuss it again. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．The house (paint) at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．The old building (pull) down these days. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．The room (clean) by my sister at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．He hurried home late at night, never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 12．The famous musician, together with his band members, (interview) by the reporter when the power went out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．He said many activities (plan) for the celebration of the company’s 10th anniversary just then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．After school, we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it (decorate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The experiment (repeat) three times, with similar results each time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．Great improvements in public health (bring) about by advances in medical science so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．By last weekend, all the damaged roads in the mountain area   (repair) by the local government. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．All the money we got from this activity would be (donate) to charity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．It was reported that another bridge was (build) across the river the next year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 21．到目前为止，我们城市许多老房子已被修缮。 Many old houses ________ ________ ________ in our city so far. 22．火灾被认为是从楼上的一个房间里开始燃起的。 (be thought to have done sth. ) The fire_____________ in an upstairs room. 23．这个团队由五名成员组成。 The team is _____________ _____________ of five members. 24．她的时间全被她的三个孩子占用了。 Her time ____________________ her three children. 25．近年来，社交媒体对青少年的影响引起了广泛关注。 In recent years, ________ ________about the impact of social media on teenagers 26．电影结束时，每个人都已感动得热泪盈眶。 By the end of the film, everyone ________________ to tears. 27．这部兼具思想性与影响力的著作，被公认为环保领域的一座重要里程碑。(regard) This insightful and influential book ________________ in the field of environmental protection. 28．现在机器人被广泛应用于工厂的许多重复性任务中，这大大减轻了工人的工作负担。 Robots ________ many repetitive tasks in factories now, ________ has greatly reduced workers’ workload. 29．这座历史建筑已矗立了三百余年，至今仍保存完好。 The historical building has stood for over 300 years and ________. 30．我学到的是成长的真正意义，从那时起我被激励要更加努力学习。(inspire) I learned the true meaning of growing up and from then on I ________________. 一、语篇填空（被动语态专练） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 "Great things take time," my teacher told me when I was refused. "If you keep trying, you 　1　(praise) for your hard work sooner or later." After I finished high school, I planned to work as a part-time journalist. My articles 　2　(submit) to three local newspapers, but none of them was accepted. I felt upset, but my teacher encouraged me not to give up. One week later, a short story I wrote 　3　(choose) by a magazine. I was so excited! From then on, I kept writing every day. More works 　4　(publish) one after another. Up to now, I 　5　(offer) chances to write for several famous platforms. Last month, I 　6　(invite) to write a column for a well-known newspaper. Now I often tell my friends: "If you stick to your dream, you 　7　(support) by those around you. Every effort you make 　8　(notice) finally. Even if you 　9　(laugh) at now, don’t lose heart. Success 　10　(achieve) by those who never stop trying." 二、阅读理解 A Ruggedy Range Birding Road Tour Are you interested in combining some birdwatching with a chance to enjoy beautiful scenery along the way? We have developed a delightful short tour for anyone seeking out a variety of native birds on Stewart Island. You don’t need to be a birdwatcher to do this tour, as our knowledgeable guides will provide information about the birds we see on the island. We travel by mini-bus so you don’t have to walk too many hills. We will stop often to take several easy short walks of 5 to 15 minutes with some excellent photo chances. Your driver or guide will help answer your questions and make this an enjoyable and rewarding tour. Location: Oban, Halfmoon Bay, Horseshoe Bay, Lee Bay, Stewart Island Pricing & Information Adult: NZ $120.00 per person Child: NZ $75.00 per person Includes: Birding tour & Transport to and from Ruggedy Range Booking Office where tour starts and ends. Group size: 4 to 8 persons Important: Tour groups can be arranged for 2 or 3 persons with an extra charge of NZ $25.00 per person. Duration (持续时间): 2 hours Note: Subject to our availability, we may be able to offer longer tours. Leaving Time: 9:00 a.m. or 1:00 p.m. or 3:30 p.m. Important: Leaving times can be arranged to fit in with your schedule and our availability. Start/ End: Ruggedy Range Booking Office Suitable for: Reasonable fitness Note: Not suitable for children below the age of 10. 1．What does Birding Road Tour offer? A．Informative guiding. B．Free transportation. C．Expert photo service. D．Personalized travel paths. 2．How much should a couple with a teenager pay if they want to form a tour group? A．$315. B．$340. C．$365. D．$390. 3．What is required for joining the tour? A．Setting off at a fixed time. B．Finishing the tour within two hours. C．Meeting the age requirement. D．Being in excellent physical condition. B How often do you feel like a busy little bee, travelling around from here to there, trying very hard to please others as well as making a living? I have been feeling like a busy little bee all my life. At school, I was very busy doing homework, studying for exams, and making friends. I was also very busy trying not to get into too much trouble. When I left school, I became busy finding a good job, and then busy trying to raise a happy family. In my busyness, I often overlooked the simple pleasures in life. I stopped living in the “now”. I was always too busy looking toward achieving my next big goal. Work and study had taken priority in my life. I worked and studied five days a week; sometimes six or seven. My children started complaining that I was always busy and that I never had time for them. I knew they were right, but I did not know how to stop the wheel from spinning. Just like a little bee that goes out to collect pollen to nurture the young and grow the population of the hive, I thought that my busyness ensured that I could supply all my family’s needs. How wrong I was. I failed to supply some of their needs, and I also failed to supply some of mine. While climbing the highest mountain in Bali, Indonesia, three weeks ago, Mother Nature gave me a few valuable lessons in balance. Not the type of balance needed to stay standing upright, but the type needed to become a healthy, balanced vessel to bring about positive change in this world. In the ten hours that it took me to climb up and down the mountain, I had time to reflect on how, in the last six years, I have been so busy feeding my mental self and a little of my spiritual and emotional self that I have completely neglected my physical self. Struggling up that mountain, I had to borrow much needed energy from my mental and spiritual self to support my emotional and physical self. It was a very tiring experience, which has since brought about much-needed change in my life. The pearl of wisdom that I discovered on that tough hike up the mountain was that I should love, respect, and feed all of my “selves”. The one “self” is just as important as the other. Give equal attention to your mental, physical, emotional and spiritual self. All of these are needed if you wish to become a balanced vessel. 4．Why does the writer compare herself to a busy little bee? A．Because she keeps herself busy with various daily things B．Because she likes collecting things like a little bee C．Because she is always busy helping others for free D．Because she has a lot of homework to finish every day 5．What made the writer change her lifestyle greatly? A．Her children’s continuous complaints B．Her terrible physical health condition C．The experience of climbing a mountain in Bali D．The advice from her friends and family 6．What does the underlined phrase “a balanced vessel” probably mean? A．A person who is good at climbing mountains and doing exercise B．A person who pays equal attention to all aspects of his/her life C．A container that can keep all kinds of liquids in balance D．A person who can always keep calm when facing difficulties 7．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How to Get Along Well with Your Family B．How to Keep Healthy by Taking Exercise C．The Importance of Setting Life Goals D．The Key to a Balanced and Happy Life 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $