专项08 阅读理解（专项训练）小升初英语暑假专项提升（译林版三起）

**基本信息** 以“考点-技巧-典例”三维架构系统突破小学英语阅读理解，融合语言能力培养与思维品质训练，方法实用可迁移。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心考点|6类（细节理解等）|按考查维度分类，明确时间/地点等关键信息定位|从基础信息到高阶推理，构建“信息识别-词义推测-主旨归纳-推理判断”能力阶梯| |答题技巧|7种（先题后文法等）|提炼“定位-比对-排除”等可操作步骤，附避坑提醒|技巧与考点一一对应，如细节题用三步法，图表题聚焦表头与数字计算| |典例精练|10篇（校园/健康等主题）|覆盖高频主题，每篇含5题，结合解析强化方法应用|以题载法，通过不同文体（通知/故事/图表）巩固技巧，提升学习能力|

专题08 阅读理解 01 答题技巧 02 知识精练 答题技巧 一、核心考点汇总 1. 细节理解 · 时间 / 日期：when、on + 日期、at + 几点、季节 · 地点 / 场所：where、in/on/at + 地点、路线、地图 · 人物 / 身份：who、职业、关系、特征 · 事件 / 动作：what、do/does/did、活动、习惯 · 数字 / 数量：多少、价格、时长、年龄、距离 · 方式 / 原因：how（方式）、why（原因）、because 2. 词义猜测（高频） · 生词 / 短语：结合上下文、生活常识猜意思（如 skip = 跳过、responsible = 有责任心的） · 指代：it/they/this/that 指代前文内容 3. 主旨大意（常考） · 标题选择、文章主要讲什么、段落大意 · 主题范围：校园活动、习惯健康、安全常识、旅行计划、节日文化 4. 推理判断（稍难） · 从原文信息推结论、态度、隐含意思 · 常见：正误判断（T/F）、哪项正确 / 不正确、可推断什么 5. 信息匹配（图表类） · 表格、日程表、地图、海报、宣传单 · 重点：表头、时间、地点、活动、价格、交通 6. 任务型问答（开放题） · 简答：用原文词或短语回答 · 开放：结合实际回答（健康、安全、习惯、旅行） 二、答题技巧（简单实用，直接能用） 1. 先题后文法（最快） 1. 先看题目，圈关键词：人名、时间、地点、数字、疑问词 2. 带着问题读文章，直接定位找答案，不逐词翻译 3. 答案多是原句或同义句，不用自己编 2. 细节题三步法 1. 定位：题干关键词→回文找对应句子 2. 比对：时间、地点、人物、数字、动作完全一致 3. 排除：错项 =相反、无关、没提到、太绝对（all/only） 3. 图表 / 表格题技巧 · 先看表头 / 标题，再看行列对应 · 时间看左右、地点看上下、活动找对应 · 数字题直接加减计算（价格、人数、时长） 4. 词义猜测技巧 · 上下文：前后句意思相反 / 相近 · 常识：健康、安全、日常习惯类直接联想 · 词根：un-（不）、-ful（的） 5. 主旨题技巧 · 看首尾段 + 高频词（重复最多的词就是主题） · 标题要简短、概括全文、不片面 6. 开放题技巧 · 用简单句 + 原文词回答，语法正确 · 健康：eat healthy food、do sports、sleep early · 安全：follow rules、call 119、be careful · 旅行：I want to go to…, because it’s beautiful 7. 避坑提醒 · 时态一致：过去事用过去时，现在习惯用一般现在时 · 单复数：名词复数、动词三单 · 不选没提到的：文中没说的选项一定错 · 绝对词不选：all、only、never、always 常是错项 小试牛刀 一、阅读理解 （A） 【Material 1】 A Note from the Principal（校长） Dear students and parents, Welcome to our School Open Day! Today, you can see our students' great work. Come and join the fun activities! We hope you have a good day. Best wishes Mr. Wang 【Material 2】 School Open Day Schedule（计划） Time Activity（活动） Place 9:00 - 9:30 Welcome Speech School Hall 9:40 - 10:20 Science Magic Show Science Room 10:30 - 11:10 Art Show Art Room 11:20 - 12:00 Football Match School Playground 12:00 - 1:00 Lunch School Canteen 1:00 - 2:00 Music Show Music Room 【Material 3】 Map（地图）of the School （ ）1. The principal's note (Material 1) mainly wants to ________. A. tell students about homework B. welcome everyone and introduce（介绍）the open day C. talk about the map of the school D. have a football match （ ）2. According to the schedule (Material 2), what activity starts at 10:30? A. Welcome Speech B. Science Magic Show C. Art Show D. Music Show （ ）3. According to the schedule (Material 2), what does the word “canteen” mean? A. 食堂 B. 礼堂 C. 多功能教室 D. 大厅 （ ）4. Tom arrives at school at 12:20. According to the schedule and the map, what activity can he join and where is it? A. The Science Magic Show in the science room. B. The Art Show in the the art room. C. The Football Match in the playground. D. The Music Show in the music room. （ ）5. According to three materials, what’s the passage about? A. School Open Day B. Music Show C. Art Show D. Football Match (B) One day, the Wind and the Sun were talking. "I am very strong," said the Wind. "No, I am stronger（更强壮）," said the Sun.They saw a man on the road. The man was wearing a warm coat. "Let us have a race," said the Sun. "Who can make the man take off his coat? The winner is stronger." The Wind agreed. He tried first. He started to blow（吹）. First, he blew softly. The man held（抓住）his coat. Then, the Wind blew very hard. It was a cold and strong wind. But the man felt cold. He did not take off his coat. He held it more tightly. The Wind could not make the man take off his coat. He stopped. Now it was the Sun's turn. The Sun came out from behind a cloud. He shone softly. The day became warmer. The man felt the warmth. He unbuttoned his coat. The Sun shone a little brighter. Soon, the man felt hot. He took off his coat and sat down to rest. （ ）1. What did the Wind and the Sun talk about? A. Who could make the man walk faster. B. Who could make the man take off the coat. C. Who could make the man put on the coat. （ ）2. What did the man do when the Wind blew? A. He took off his coat. B. He held the coat. C. He put on his coat. （ ）3. The underlined word "unbuttoned" means_______________. A. 解开纽扣 B. 脱下 C. 穿上 （ ）4. How did the Sun win the race? A. By making the day cold and windy. B. By making the day warm and pleasant. C. By asking the man to take off his coat. （ ）5. What can you learn from the story? A. Being kind is better（更好的） than（比） being strong. B. Practice（练习） makes perfect（完美的）. C. The early bird catches the worm（虫子）. (C) Hello, students! Do you have any good habits? Check your habits with this list（列表）. Then read the tips to make your habits better（更好）. Part 1: Habit Checklist (√ = Yes, × = No) Habit Types Specific（具体） Habits My Check (√/×) Living Habits 1. Get up between 6:30-7:00 a.m. every day ______ 2. Brush teeth twice（两次）a day (morning and evening) ______ 3. Go to bed before 9:30 p.m. ______ Study Habits 4. Listen carefully in class and take notes（笔记） ______ 5. Finish homework on time ______ 6. Read books for 20 minutes every day ______ Social（社交）Habits 7. Greet（问好）teachers and classmates ______ 8. Help parents do housework (e.g.wash the dishes) ______ Part 2: Tips for Good Habits 1. For getting up on time: Put your clock far from the bed—you have to stand up to turn it off! 2. For study habits:①Clean your desk before doing homework—no toys or food on it. ②Keep a book in your schoolbag. You can read it after finishing homework. 3. Remember: It takes 21 days to make a new habit. Let’s start from now! 根据阅读材料内容，选出最佳选项。 ( ) 1. Which of the following is a daily living habit? A. Finish homework on time B. Brush teeth twice a day C.Greet teachers ( ) 2. What time should students go to bed according to the checklist? A. Before 9:00 p.m. B. Before 9:30 p.m. C. After 10:00 p.m. ( ) 3. How can we get up on time according to the tips? A.Put the clock near the bed. B.Ask parents to wake you up every day. C.Put the clock far from the bed. ( ) 4. How long does it take to make a new habit? A.One week B.Two weeks C.Three weeks ( ) 5. Which of the following is NOT right? A. We can read this passage from a storybook. B. We should keep our desks clean before studying. C. We can read a book after doing homework. (D) Do you help your parents do housework at home? Different children around the world have different habits about doing housework. Let's read about two children: Lin Tao from China and Lily from the US. Lin Tao is a 12-year-old boy from Beijing. He used to（曾经）think housework was only for parents. But now he has a good habit of helping at home. Every evening after dinner, he first finishes his homework. Then he helps his mum sweep the floor and take out the rubbish. At weekends, he washes his clothes and cleans his bedroom. His mum often says, “Tao Tao is growing up because of these good habits.” Lily is also twelve. She lives in New York. In her family, children start doing housework when they are very young. At the age of five, Lily learned to clean her bedroom. Now she has more housework to do. Every morning, she feeds（喂养）her cat Mimi. Her little brother waters the flowers. Every evening, she washes the dishes after dinner. Lily says, "Doing housework teaches me to be responsible. It's a happy thing to help my family." Whether（不论）in China or the US, good habits of doing housework make children better（更好）. They learn to care for others. Let's start with small housework to develop（培养）our good habits! 阅读短文，选出最佳选项，并回答问题。 ( ) 1. What does Lin Tao do first after dinner? A. He sweeps the floor. B. He finishes his homework. C.He takes out the rubbish. ( ) 2. When did Lily start to do housework? A.At five years old B.At eight years old. C.At ten years old. ( ) 3. Which of the following is Lily's housework? A.Feeding the dog. B.Washing her dad's clothes. C.Washing the dishes. ( ) 4. What does the underlined word "responsible" mean in Chinese? A.勇敢的 B.有责任心的 C.乐观的 5. It is Saturday morning.Your mother is busy in the kitchen.Your father is watering the flowers. What can you do then？________________________________________. (E) Many young people don’t care about their health these days. Helen is one of them. She often skips breakfast and only eats fast food for lunch. Sometimes she eats too much fast food and skips dinner. Then, she gets hungry and eats something late at night. Helen doesn’t do sports. She doesn’t like to go outside to play either. She always stays at home and watches TV. Her school is very close to her house, but she never walks to school because her dad always drives her to school in the morning. Helen is a typical(典型的) young child. Today, too many young people eat unbalanced(不平衡的) meals and do sports little. If they want to keep healthy, they need to eat healthy food and do more sports. They need to care about their health. They can start with making small changes in their daily life. · Try to have breakfast every morning. · Stay away from fast food. Eat healthy food like fruit and vegetables. · Don’t watch TV too much and do more sports. · Walk as often as possible. 根据阅读材料内容，选出最佳选项。 ( ) 1. The underlined word “skip” means _________. A. 跳绳 B. 跳过 C. 跳读 ( ) 2. How does Helen go to school? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. ( ) 3. Which healthy habit is NOT mentioned(提及）in the passage? A. Don’t eat too much fast food. B. Having breakfast on time. C. Take a walk after dinner. ( ) 4. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Ways to have meals. B. Ways to be healthy. C. Ways to do sports. 5. What can you do to keep healthy?（根据实际情况回答）________________________________________. (F) Today, Helen brought a big green cake to class and we ate it together. It was so yummy that we all wanted more. “But why is it green?” “Is it made from green grapes?” “It can’t be cucumbers(黄瓜)!” Everyone couldn’t wait to know why, but we were all surprised at it—watermelon. “Mum used a lot of watermelon skins.” Helen told us, “First, she cut the skins into small pieces (see picture 1.__________). Then, she put them into a blender to get some juice (see picture 2.__________). After that, she put the green juice and some flour(面粉) together (see picture 3.__________). Finally, she put just a little sugar(糖) to it (see picture 4.__________) and baked(烘焙) it.” “What a clever idea!” I said, “This yummy cake is really green! It's so earth-friendly.” （一）将以下图片的序号A, B, C, D填入文中空格处。 A B C D （二）根据阅读材料内容，选出最佳选项。 ( ) 1. What did Helen eat together with her classmates today? A. A cake. B. A watermelon. C. Green grapes. ( ) 2. Why did Helen’s classmates want more? A. Because it was green. B. Because it was big. C. Because it was yummy. ( ) 3. What can we infer(推测) about Helen’s mum? A. She only used watermelon skins to make cakes. B. She was good at making yummy and earth-friendly food. C. She let Helen buy cakes and brought it to class. ( ) 4. What does “This yummy cake is really green!” mean? A. The cake is all green in colour. B. The cake is really yummy. C. The cake’s colour is green and it is really good for the Earth. (G) （一）根据宣传单内容，选出最佳选项。 （ ） 1. According to the leaflet(宣传单) , you can’t cook ________. A. at home B. in the forest C. in the kitchen （ ） 2. If(如果) there is a fire, you can call ______. A. 119 B. 120 C. 911 （ ） 3. The word prevent means ________. A. 扑灭 B. 预防 C. 逃生 （ ） 4. Which of the following is NOT right? A. To stay safe, you can use the lift. B. You mustn’t walk away when a cooker is on. C. You can stay in a safe place and wait for the firefighters. （ ） 5. This leaflet(宣传单) tells us __________. A. how to prevent a fire and stay safe B. how to be a firefighter C. why the fire is dangerous B （2） 根据阅读内容，选出最佳选项。 (H) March 31st, 2025 is National Safety Education Day in China. It teaches us how to stay safe every day. Knowing how to stay safe is important because bad things can happen quickly anywhere. At school, we learn many safety rules through fun activities. We learn to follow traffic rules, always use the zebra crossing and wear seatbelts（安全带） in cars. We usually do fire and earthquake(地震) practice(演练). Teachers tell us to be nice to classmates and how to be safe on the Internet. We also learn not to do dangerous things like playing with fire or climbing high places. Schools and parents work together to keep us safe. Parents tell us important phone numbers. They tell us not to talk to people we don't know and to be careful when we use computers and mobile phones. To protect us and help others, we must keep learning and following the rules every day. We all work together, we can make a safe place for everyone. Being careful and following safety rules can stop many bad things and make our world better. （ ） 1. When is National Safety Education Day in 2025? A. On the thirty-first of May. B. On the third of March. C. On the thirty-first of March. （ ） 2. How many safety rules do parents tell us in Paragraph(段落) 3? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 （ ） 3. We do fire and earthquake practice because ________. A. they are fun B. teachers ask us to do C. we want to learn safety rules （ ） 4. From the passage(文章), which of the following is right? A. We can do everything on the Internet. B. All the children like playing with fire and climbing high places. C. We should learn and follow the safety rules. （ ） 5. This passage(文章) tells us _________. A. to stop bad things B. to learn and follow safety rules C. to talk to people (I) A9:30-18:30 (except Monday) ( ) 1. Which place is free to visit? A. Oriental Pearl Tower. B.Shanghai Museum. C. Yu Garden. ( ) 2. Mike wants to try some delicious food and then visits a place by subway in the evening Where can he go? A. Yu Garden and Shanghai Museum. B. Yu Garden and Oriental Pearl Tower. C. Oriental Pearl Tower and Shanghai Museum. ( ) 3. Where does this passage probably come from? A. A science book. B. A storybook. C. A travel magazine. ( ) 4. Ann, 1.54 meters tall, goes to the Oriental Pearl Tower with her mother. They take the subway there, and each subway ride is ¥3. How much do they spend in total(总共)? A. 401 B. 410 C. 202 ( ) 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. It takes visitors about 4 or 5 hours to visit Yu Garden and Shanghai Museum. B. You can take Line 1 to visit Oriental Pearl Tower and Shanghai Museum . C. The Oriental Pearl Tower is popular with people who love history(历史). (J) English Travel Guide for KidsHangzhou - Best time: Spring - Top spots: West Lake, Lingyin Temple(寺), Leifeng Pagoda(塔) - Fun things: Walk on Sudi Causeway, watch boats on the lake, try Longjing Tea.Xi’an - Best time: Autumn - Top spots: Terracotta Army, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi’an City Wall - Fun things: See ancient “soldiers(士兵)”, learn history(历史), eat Roujiamo and Biangbiang noodles.Kunming - Best time: Winter (warm all year) - Top spots: Dianchi Lake, Green Lake Park, Stone Forest - Fun things: Explore(探索) strange stone peaks, take pictures, eat fresh sheep soup. ( ) 1. What is this reading material(阅读材料) about? A. Travelling. B. Kids. C. Food. D. Fun things. ( ) 2. What is the top spot in Hangzhou? A. Terracotta Army. B. Green Lake Park. C. Dianchi Lake. D. West Lake. ( ) 3. What fun things are recommended(推荐) to do in Kunming? A. Eat fresh sheep soup. B. Try Longjing shrimp. C. Eat Roujiamo. D. Learn history. ( ) 4. What can we know from this guide? A. Winter is the best time to go to these places. B. We can enjoy the sea in these cities. C. These cities are fun for travellers. D. Food is the same in these cities. 5. Which of the three places do you most want to go? Why? I most want to go to ___________ , because __________________________________. 参考答案与解析 （A） 1. B 【解析】校长的通知主要目的是欢迎师生和家长参加校园开放日，并简单介绍开放日活动安排，所以选 B。 2. C 【解析】查看开放日时间表，10:30 到 11:10 安排的活动是美术展，与题干时间对应，因此选 C。 3. A 【解析】时间表里 12:00–1:00 标注的活动是午餐，地点为 School Canteen，canteen 意思是食堂，选 A。 4. D 【解析】Tom 12:20 到校，午餐时间已过，下一场活动 1:00–2:00 是音乐秀，地点在音乐室，选 D。 5. A 【解析】校长通知、活动时间表、校园地图都围绕校园开放日展开，全文主题明确，选 A。 (B) 1. B 【解析】风和太阳打赌比赛，约定谁能让路上的男人脱掉外套，谁就更强，对应选项 B。 2. B 【解析】风吹得越大，男人感觉越冷，他把外套抓得更紧，并没有脱掉外套，选 B。 3. A 【解析】太阳出来后天气变暖，男人解开外套扣子，unbuttoned 在文中表示解开纽扣，选 A。 4. B 【解析】太阳没有用力吹，而是让天气变得温暖舒适，男人热了自然脱掉外套，选 B。 5. A 【解析】故事告诉我们，温和友善的方式比强硬粗暴更容易让人接受，选 A。 (C) 1. B 【解析】生活习惯包括起床、刷牙、睡觉，B 项 “一天刷两次牙” 属于生活习惯，选 B。 2. B 【解析】习惯清单中明确写着晚上 9:30 前睡觉，与题干时间对应，选 B。 3. C 【解析】好习惯建议里提到把闹钟放远，这样必须起身关闹钟，才能准时起床，选 C。 4. C 【解析】文章最后一句提到养成一个好习惯需要 21 天，21 天相当于三周，选 C。 5. A 【解析】本文是好习惯清单和建议，内容不属于故事书，A 项说法错误，选 A。 （D） 1.B 【解析】林涛晚饭后的顺序是先完成作业，再帮妈妈扫地、倒垃圾，所以选 B。 2.A 【解析】文中提到 Lily 五岁时就开始打扫自己的房间，从小养成做家务的习惯，选 A。 3.C 【解析】Lily 每天晚饭后都会洗碗，喂猫、洗爸爸衣服不是她的家务，选 C。 4.B 【解析】Lily 认为做家务能让自己学会负责，responsible 意思是有责任心，选 B。 示例：I can help my mother cook dinner. 5. 略【解析】题目要求写能做的家务，写出简单正确的句子即可，语法通顺。 （E） 1. B 【解析】Helen 经常不吃早餐、午餐只吃快餐，skip 在这里表示不吃、跳过，选 B。 2. A 【解析】Helen 家离学校很近，但爸爸每天开车送她上学，交通方式是坐汽车，选 A。 3. C 【解析】文中提到吃早餐、少吃快餐，但没有提到饭后散步，选 C。 4. B 【解析】全文围绕不健康习惯和保持健康的方法展开，主题是健康生活方式，选 B。 示例：I eat vegetables and do sports every day. 5. 略【解析】题目要求写保持健康的做法，简单写出健康习惯即可。 （F） 排序：1→B，2→C，3→A，4→D 1. A 【解析】Helen 带了一个绿色蛋糕到教室，和同学们一起分享，大家都很喜欢这个蛋糕，选 A。 2. C 【解析】蛋糕味道非常美味，同学们吃完后都还想吃更多，所以选 C。 3. B 【解析】妈妈用西瓜皮做蛋糕，既好吃又环保，说明她擅长做美味环保食物，选 B。 4. C 【解析】蛋糕是绿色的，又用西瓜皮制作很环保，因此说这个蛋糕 “真绿色”，选 C。 （G） 1. B 【解析】消防安全宣传单明确禁止在森林里用火做饭，防止引发森林火灾，选 B。 2. A 【解析】中国火警电话号码是 119，遇到火灾要第一时间拨打 119 报警，选 A。 3. B 【解析】宣传单标题写 How to prevent a fire，prevent 意思是预防，教大家如何防火，选 B。 4. A 【解析】火灾逃生时严禁乘坐电梯，电梯可能断电被困，A 项说法错误，选 A。 5. A 【解析】全文分为防火和火灾逃生两部分，教大家预防火灾和火灾自救方法，选 A。 （H） 1. C 【解析】文章开头写 2025 年 3 月 31 日是全国安全教育日，对应日期选 C。 2. A 【解析】第三段家长提醒三件事：记安全号码、不跟陌生人说话、谨慎用电子设备，共 3 条，选 A。 3. C 【解析】学校开展消防和地震演练，目的是让学生学习安全规则、掌握自救方法，选 C。 4. C 【解析】文章反复强调要学习并遵守安全规则，保护自己和他人，C 项说法正确，选 C。 5. B 【解析】全文围绕安全教育展开，核心是学习并遵守安全规则，选 B。 （I） 1. C 【解析】上海旅游计划表格显示，豫园门票标注免费，东方明珠和博物馆都收费，选 C。 2. B 【解析】豫园可品尝美食、地铁直达；东方明珠营业到 21:00，晚上可参观，选 B。 3. C 【解析】文章介绍景点、开放时间、票价、交通，属于旅游杂志内容，选 C。 4. B 【解析】Ann高于1.3米，要买成人票，成人门票 199 元+199等于398 元，地铁往返共 12 元，合计410 元，选项 B 符合，选 B。 5. A 【解析】豫园游览 2–3 小时、博物馆 1.5–2.5 小时，两处合计 4–5 小时，选 A。 （J） 1. A 【解析】标题是儿童英文旅行指南，内容介绍杭州、西安、昆明旅行推荐，主题是旅行，选 A。 2. D 【解析】杭州推荐景点有西湖，兵马俑是西安景点，翠湖、滇池是昆明景点，选 D。 3. A 【解析】昆明推荐活动包括探索石林、拍照、喝新鲜羊汤，肉夹馍是西安美食，选 A。 4. C 【解析】三个城市各有特色，风景、美食、活动都适合游客游玩，选 C。 示例：I most want to go to Hangzhou, because West Lake is very beautiful. 5. 略【解析】写出想去的城市和简单理由，句子通顺、理由合理即可。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $