Unit 8 Making a Difference 单元语法（现在完成时）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元易错题精练（人教版）

**基本信息** 以“定义-结构-用法-易混点”为逻辑主线，系统整合标志词识别、延续性动词转换等解题方法，通过分层题型实现知识向语言能力的转化。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |理论讲解|5大模块（定义/结构/用法/易混点/动词转换）|标志词分类（already等/for/since）、延续性动词转换（buy→have等）、易混结构辨析（have been to等）|从概念本质（过去-现在联系）到形式结构（句型），再到功能运用（影响/持续），最后突破难点（动词转换）| |题型训练|30选择+10单词+10句子|语境分析法（时间标志词定位）、动词状态判断法（瞬间/延续）|通过选择考用法辨析、单词拼写考过去分词、完成句子考综合表达，形成“理解-应用-输出”能力链|

Unit 8 Making a Difference 现在完成时 （时间：40分钟，满分：100分） 一、定义 现在完成时连接过去与现在，强调： 1. 过去发生的动作，对现在造成影响或结果； 2. 动作从过去开始，持续到现在，可能继续。 二、基本结构 1. 构成 have / has + 动词过去分词（done） 2. 四种句型 （1）肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。 She has lived here for 3 years. 她在这儿住了3年。 （2）否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 缩写：haven’t / hasn’t I haven’t finished yet. 我还没做完。 He hasn’t come back. 他还没回来。 （3）一般疑问句 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ Have you finished your homework? 你作业做完了吗？ Has she left? 她离开了吗？ （4）特殊疑问句 疑问词 + Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ What have you done? 你做了什么？ How long have you lived here? 你住这儿多久了？ 三、两大核心用法 用法1：过去动作对现在有影响 常见标志词：already, yet, just, never, ever, before, recently I have lost my key. 我钥匙丢了。（影响：现在进不去） She has already left. 她已经走了。 We have never been to Beijing. 我们从没去过北京。 用法2：动作从过去持续到现在 标志词：for + 时间段；since + 时间点/过去句子 He has worked here for 5 years. 他在这工作5年了。 They have lived here since 2020. 从2020年一直住到现在。 ⚠ 注意： for + 时间段 = 持续多久 since + 过去时间点 = 自从……以来 四、have been to / have gone to / have been in 1. have been to + 地点：去过某地（已回来） I have been to Shanghai twice. 我去过上海两次。 2. have gone to + 地点：去了某地（未回来） She has gone to Shanghai. 她去上海了（人不在这）。 3. have been in + 地点 + for/since：在某地待了多久 He has been in Beijing for 2 years. 他在北京待了2年。 五、延续性动词 vs 瞬间动词（中考高频） 现在完成时与 for/since 连用时，必须用延续性动词。 常见转换： buy → have join → be in leave → be away arrive → be here die → be dead finish → be over 例句： ✅ I have had the book for 2 weeks.（正确） ❌ I have bought the book for 2 weeks.（错误） 一、单项选择(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分) 1．My brother ________ cooking for three years. He cooks really well. A．learns B．is learning C．has learned D．will learn 2．My grandma is over 80 years old. She ________ with us for 10 years. A．lives B．lived C．will live D．has lived 3．—Does your friend John enjoy his stay in Wuxi? —Yes. He and his parents ______ some great tourist attractions since they came last month. A．have visited B．will visit C．visited D．are visiting 4．I ________ from Mr. Black since he moved to Beijing. I’ll visit him when I go there． A．haven’t heard B．won’t hear C．don’t hear D．didn’t hear 5．The volunteers ________ many trees since the project started three years ago. A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planting 6．—How beautiful your bike is! When did you buy it? —I ________ it for 2 years. A．buy B．bought C．have had D．buys 7．—When did you go to middle school? —Four years ago. I ________ my primary school for four years. A．am away from B．left C．was away from D．have been away from 8．The film has ________ for 10 minutes when I came in. A．started B．been on C．been in D．gone to 9．—The Three-Body Problem is the best book I have ever read. —I agree. I ________ it several times. A．read B．am reading C．have read D．will read 10．The game ________ for nearly twenty minutes but the viewers are still cheering together. A．has ended B．has been on C．has been over D．has begun 11．—Schools across China ________ from “scores first” to “health first” recently. —Yes, it’s taken under China’s 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) for high-quality education development. A．moved B．have moved C．are moving D．will move 12．My cousin ________ reading Journey to the West for a week. He will return it next Monday. A．has borrowed B．has kept C．has bought D．has had 13．In the past few years, more and more people ________ the importance of lifelong learning. A．realize B．were realizing C．have realized D．will realize 14．He ________ in this primary school for over ten years. He loves his job very much. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 15．—Look! Someone ________ the music room. —Yeah. It is so clean and makes us comfortable. A．has cleaned B．is cleaning C．cleans D．was cleaning 16．They ________ in the classroom for two hours, but they still ________ the summary of the article. A．have studied; haven’t finished B．studied; haven’t finished C．have studied; didn’t finish D．studied; didn’t finish 17．Although a great deal of money ________ at the charity show, the cost of living ________ a lot, so we still need to do much work to help the poor people. A．was raised; has raised B．was raised; has risen C．rose; was raised D．rose; has risen 18．—I want to watch Happy Camp on Hunan TV. —Oh, dear, it ________ for a few minutes. Come on! A．has been on B．has begun C．will be on D．had been on 19．I ________ her since she left Tianjin two years ago. A．don’t see B．haven’t seen C．won’t see D．didn’t see 20．—Do you know how long Tommy ________? —________ he lay on the sofa. Shall we wake him up for the lesson? A．falls asleep; After B．has fallen asleep; Until C．has been asleep; Since D．has been asleep; While 21．—Oh no! The match ________ at 8:30. I forgot the time. —Don’t worry. It ________ for just three minutes. You didn’t miss so much. Hurry up. A．has been on; started B．started; has been on C．will start; has started D．starts; has been on 22．—When will the football match between Nanjing and Suqian begin on TV? —Oh, it ________ for ten minutes, ending in 2:0. Suqian won the game. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 23．—Excuse me, may I use your ruler? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A．leave B．will leave C．have left D．was leaving 24．— What a wonderful car! When did you buy it? — I ______ it for two years. A．had B．bought C．have had D．have bought 25．—The new science museum ________ since last month. Many students have visited it.   —Wow, I can’t wait to go there! A．opens B．opened C．has been open D．was opened 26．—Aunt Lily ________ Uncle Tom when they left school. Really, Mom? —Yes. Love is a wonderful thing that brings two people together. They ________ each other since then. A．married; have been married to B．married to; have married C．married; have been married D．married with; have got married to 27．—Have you ________ the habit of preparing emergency supplies at home? —Yes, I have. It’s very useful. A．develop B．developed C．developing D．develops 28．The number of books we’ve read ________ a lot since this term began. A．increase B．increases C．increased D．has increased 29．—How long have you ________ money for the poor? —For two weeks. A．raise B．raised C．organize D．organized 30．—Have you ________ the sick children in hospital? —Not yet, I will go there this weekend. A．cheer up B．cheered up C．cheer D．cheers 二、单词拼写(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 31．The organization has ________ (train) over 1,000 volunteers since 2020. 32．My English teacher has ________ (provide) support when we need help. 33．Since they got there, she as well as her classmates ________ (receive) great kindness from the locals. 34．The city ________(make)great efforts to improve people’s living conditions in recent years. 35．I’ve always ________ (prefer) the vegetables to the meat. 36．Hundreds of artists ________ (copy) the amazing painting since it was created. 37．The sleeping bag is ________ (stick) to the wall to stop the astronaut from floating around. 38．Many science fiction authors have ________ (create) amazing worlds for readers to explore. 39．My little brother ________ (fall) over many times since he started learning to ride a bike. 40．Millie borrowed a book from the town library last Sunday. She has ________ (borrow) this book for about a week. 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 41．中国在治理沙漠化问题上已经有了一个良好的开端。 China has ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ dealing with the problem of desertification. 42．去年，我的眼疾被治愈了，这为我的生活带来了光明与色彩。 Last year, my eye problem ________ ________, and this has ________ light and colour to my life. 43．大多数家庭都盖了漂亮的房子，我们对未来充满希望。 Most families ________ ________ beautiful houses, and we ________ hopeful ________ the future. 44．从那以后，我也想帮助别人了。 Since then, I’ve ________ ________ ________others, too. 45．你以前照顾过动物吗？ Have you __________ __________ __________ __________ before? 46．罗伯特，你去过我们的动物收容所吗? Have you __________ __________ to our animal shelter, Robert? 47．如果你从未读过海明威的作品，推荐你读这本书。 If you’ve ________ ________ Ernest Hemingway, I ________ you read this book. 48．许多国家已经同中国建立了亲密友好关系。 Many countries have _________ _________ friendships with China. 49．自从加入志愿社团，我明白了善意能温暖人心。 ________ ________ I joined the volunteer club, I’ve known that kindness can warm hearts. 50．你读过马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》吗？ ________ you ________ The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain? 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Making a Difference 现在完成时 （时间：40分钟，满分：100分） 一、定义 现在完成时连接过去与现在，强调： 1. 过去发生的动作，对现在造成影响或结果； 2. 动作从过去开始，持续到现在，可能继续。 二、基本结构 1. 构成 have / has + 动词过去分词（done） 2. 四种句型 （1）肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。 She has lived here for 3 years. 她在这儿住了3年。 （2）否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 缩写：haven’t / hasn’t I haven’t finished yet. 我还没做完。 He hasn’t come back. 他还没回来。 （3）一般疑问句 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ Have you finished your homework? 你作业做完了吗？ Has she left? 她离开了吗？ （4）特殊疑问句 疑问词 + Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ What have you done? 你做了什么？ How long have you lived here? 你住这儿多久了？ 三、两大核心用法 用法1：过去动作对现在有影响 常见标志词：already, yet, just, never, ever, before, recently I have lost my key. 我钥匙丢了。（影响：现在进不去） She has already left. 她已经走了。 We have never been to Beijing. 我们从没去过北京。 用法2：动作从过去持续到现在 标志词：for + 时间段；since + 时间点/过去句子 He has worked here for 5 years. 他在这工作5年了。 They have lived here since 2020. 从2020年一直住到现在。 ⚠ 注意： for + 时间段 = 持续多久 since + 过去时间点 = 自从……以来 四、have been to / have gone to / have been in 1. have been to + 地点：去过某地（已回来） I have been to Shanghai twice. 我去过上海两次。 2. have gone to + 地点：去了某地（未回来） She has gone to Shanghai. 她去上海了（人不在这）。 3. have been in + 地点 + for/since：在某地待了多久 He has been in Beijing for 2 years. 他在北京待了2年。 五、延续性动词 vs 瞬间动词（中考高频） 现在完成时与 for/since 连用时，必须用延续性动词。 常见转换： buy → have join → be in leave → be away arrive → be here die → be dead finish → be over 例句： ✅ I have had the book for 2 weeks.（正确） ❌ I have bought the book for 2 weeks.（错误） 一、单项选择(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分) 1．My brother ________ cooking for three years. He cooks really well. A．learns B．is learning C．has learned D．will learn 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我哥哥已经学习做饭三年了。他做得真的很好。 根据时间状语“for three years”可知动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，结构是have/has done，应填has learned。 2．My grandma is over 80 years old. She ________ with us for 10 years. A．lives B．lived C．will live D．has lived 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的奶奶已经80多岁了。她和我们一起住了10年了。 根据时间状语for 10 years可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时have/has done结构，主语She是第三人称单数，助动词用has。应选has lived。 3．—Does your friend John enjoy his stay in Wuxi? —Yes. He and his parents ______ some great tourist attractions since they came last month. A．have visited B．will visit C．visited D．are visiting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的朋友约翰喜欢在无锡的停留吗？——是的。自从上个月他们来了以后，他和他的父母已经参观了一些很棒的旅游景点。 根据句中时间状语“since they came last month”可知，动作从过去持续到现在或对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时。主语“He and his parents”为复数，助动词用have。 4．I ________ from Mr. Black since he moved to Beijing. I’ll visit him when I go there． A．haven’t heard B．won’t hear C．don’t hear D．didn’t hear 【答案】A 【详解】自从布莱克先生搬到北京，我就没有听过他的消息。当我去那里时，我将会去拜访他。 句中有since he moved to Beijing，since引导的从句用过去时，主句用现在完成时，在这里的意思是自从布莱克先生搬到北京我就没听到他的消息，强调状态的延续。现在完成时的否定构成：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词，故选A。 5．The volunteers ________ many trees since the project started three years ago. A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从三年前这个项目开始以来，志愿者们已经种了许多树。 根据句中“since the project started three years ago”可知，since引导的时间状语从句表示从过去某一时刻持续到现在，主句应用现在完成时，结构为have/has done，应填have planted。 6．—How beautiful your bike is! When did you buy it? —I ________ it for 2 years. A．buy B．bought C．have had D．buys 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你的自行车多漂亮啊！你什么时候买的？——我已经拥有它两年了。 根据时间状语“for 2 years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需用延续性动词。buy是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，其对应的延续性动词是have。 7．—When did you go to middle school? —Four years ago. I ________ my primary school for four years. A．am away from B．left C．was away from D．have been away from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你什么时候上的中学？——四年前。我离开我的小学已经四年了。 根据“for four years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需用延续性动词，应填have been away from。 8．The film has ________ for 10 minutes when I came in. A．started B．been on C．been in D．gone to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我进来时，电影已经上映十分钟了。 started开始；been on上映；been in在……里面；gone to去了。根据“for 10 minutes”表示一段时间，谓语动词需用延续性动词。been on是固定表达，专门表示“（电影、演出等）开演、上映”，属于延续性状态，可以和for引导的一段时间搭配，符合语法和句意。 9．—The Three-Body Problem is the best book I have ever read. —I agree. I ________ it several times. A．read B．am reading C．have read D．will read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——《三体》是我读过的最好的书。——我同意。我已经读了好几遍了。 根据题干“several times”表示过去的经历，强调读过的次数，应用现在完成时，应填have read。 10．The game ________ for nearly twenty minutes but the viewers are still cheering together. A．has ended B．has been on C．has been over D．has begun 【答案】C 【详解】句意：比赛已经结束将近二十分钟了，但观众们仍然一起欢呼。 has ended已经结束；has been on已经开始并持续；has been over已经结束并持续一段时间；has begun已经开始。根据“for nearly twenty minutes”可知，应与延续性动词连用，end为短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用；结合句中转折连词but的逻辑：正常比赛结束后观众就会离场，本句转折说“观众仍然在一起欢呼”，只有“比赛已经结束近20分钟”符合这个转折逻辑，has been over符合语境。应填has been over。 11．—Schools across China ________ from “scores first” to “health first” recently. —Yes, it’s taken under China’s 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) for high-quality education development. A．moved B．have moved C．are moving D．will move 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——最近，全国各地的学校已经从“分数第一”转向了“健康第一”。——是的，这是在中国“十五五”规划 (2026-30)下采取的高质量教育发展措施。 根据句中时间状语“recently”可知，动作发生在过去但对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是复数，用助动词have，move的过去分词是moved。 12．My cousin ________ reading Journey to the West for a week. He will return it next Monday. A．has borrowed B．has kept C．has bought D．has had 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的表弟已经读《西游记》一周了，他下周一归还书本。 时间段“for a week”需搭配延续性动词，borrow“借”、buy“买”均为短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用；have“有”侧重拥有物品，keep可表示“借阅、持续”翻看书籍，贴合借书阅读的语境。应填has kept。 13．In the past few years, more and more people ________ the importance of lifelong learning. A．realize B．were realizing C．have realized D．will realize 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，越来越多的人已经意识到终身学习的重要性。 根据时间状语“In the past few years”可知，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。应填have realized。 14．He ________ in this primary school for over ten years. He loves his job very much. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他在这所小学工作已经十多年了。他非常热爱他的工作。 根据时间状语“for over ten years”可知动作从过去持续到现在，并对现在有影响，应用现在完成时has worked。 15．—Look! Someone ________ the music room. —Yeah. It is so clean and makes us comfortable. A．has cleaned B．is cleaning C．cleans D．was cleaning 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——看！有人已经打扫了音乐教室。——是的。它如此干净，让我们感到舒适。 has cleaned已经打扫，现在完成时；is cleaning正在打扫，现在进行时；cleans打扫，一般现在时；was cleaning过去正在打扫，过去进行时。根据“It is so clean and makes us comfortable.”可知，房间现在的状态是干净的，说明打扫动作已完成并对现在产生影响，现在完成时has cleaned符合语境。 16．They ________ in the classroom for two hours, but they still ________ the summary of the article. A．have studied; haven’t finished B．studied; haven’t finished C．have studied; didn’t finish D．studied; didn’t finish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们在教室学习了两个小时，但他们仍然没有完成文章的总结。 根据“for two hours”可知动作从过去持续到现在，第一空应用现在完成时have studied；根据still可知未完成的动作对现在造成影响，第二空应用现在完成时haven’t finished。 17．Although a great deal of money ________ at the charity show, the cost of living ________ a lot, so we still need to do much work to help the poor people. A．was raised; has raised B．was raised; has risen C．rose; was raised D．rose; has risen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尽管慈善演出筹集了大量资金，但生活成本已经上涨了很多，所以我们仍需要做很多工作来帮助穷人。 第一空主语money与raise之间为被动关系（资金被筹集），描述慈善演出中发生的过去动作，用一般过去时的被动语态was raised；第二空主语the cost of living与rise之间为主动关系（成本上涨），用现在完成时has risen表示已经发生的上涨对现在的影响。 18．—I want to watch Happy Camp on Hunan TV. —Oh, dear, it ________ for a few minutes. Come on! A．has been on B．has begun C．will be on D．had been on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我想看湖南卫视的《快乐大本营》。——哦，亲爱的，它已经开播几分钟了。快点！ 根据时间状语“for a few minutes”可知，节目已经开播了，句子需用现在完成时，谓语动词需具有持续性。begin“开始”是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，需转换为be on表示状态持续，故填has been on。 19．I ________ her since she left Tianjin two years ago. A．don’t see B．haven’t seen C．won’t see D．didn’t see 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从她两年前离开天津以来，我就没见过她。 since 引导的时间状语从句是现在完成时的标志，主句应用现在完成时结构（have/has+过去分词）。A项是一般现在时，C项是一般将来时，D项是一般过去时，只有B项符合现在完成时结构。故选B。 20．—Do you know how long Tommy ________? —________ he lay on the sofa. Shall we wake him up for the lesson? A．falls asleep; After B．has fallen asleep; Until C．has been asleep; Since D．has been asleep; While 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道Tommy睡多久了吗？——自从他躺在沙发上就睡着了。我们要叫醒他上课吗？ falls asleep入睡（一般现在时）；has fallen asleep已经入睡（现在完成时）；has been asleep一直睡着（现在完成时）；After在……之后；Until直到；Since自从；While当……时候。how long询问持续时间，谓语动词需用延续性动词，has been asleep表示延续性状态，has fallen asleep表示瞬间动作，故第一空填has been asleep。答句回答“睡了多久”，用since+一般过去时，意为“自从……以来”，整句意为“自从他躺在沙发上就睡着了”。 21．—Oh no! The match ________ at 8:30. I forgot the time. —Don’t worry. It ________ for just three minutes. You didn’t miss so much. Hurry up. A．has been on; started B．started; has been on C．will start; has started D．starts; has been on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——哦不！比赛在 8:30 开始了。我忘了时间。——别担心，它只进行了三分钟。你没错过多少，快点。 has been on已经进行，starts开始，started开始了，will start将要开始，has started已经开始。根据“for just three minutes”可知第二空需用现在完成时且动词为延续性动词，start是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，be on是延续性状态，故第二空填has been on，排除 A、C 项。根据“I forgot the time”及语境可知比赛已经开始，第一空指比赛在过去的具体时间8:30开始，应用一般过去时started。故选B。 22．—When will the football match between Nanjing and Suqian begin on TV? —Oh, it ________ for ten minutes, ending in 2:0. Suqian won the game. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——南京和宿迁的足球比赛什么时候在电视上开始？——哦，比赛已经结束十分钟了，比分2比0，宿迁队获胜。 has started已经开始；has been on一直在进行；has finished已经结束；has been over已经结束。根据后句ending in 2:0以及for ten minutes可知，需用延续性表示结束的短语，应填has been over。 23．—Excuse me, may I use your ruler? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A．leave B．will leave C．have left D．was leaving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我可以用一下你的尺子吗？我把我的落下了。——当然。给你。 根据“may I use your ruler”可知，现在需要借用，表明把尺子落下这一过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响，符合现在完成时的用法，结构为have/has done。空处填have left。 24．— What a wonderful car! When did you buy it? — I ______ it for two years. A．had B．bought C．have had D．have bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——多棒的车啊！你什么时候买的？——我已经拥有它两年了。 had有；bought买；have had已经拥有；have bought已经买了。根据时间状语“for two years”可知，句子时态应为现在完成时，排除选项A和B；动词buy属于非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，需转换为延续性动词have，其现在完成时结构为have had。 25．—The new science museum ________ since last month. Many students have visited it.   —Wow, I can’t wait to go there! A．opens B．opened C．has been open D．was opened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这家新科学博物馆自从上个月以来一直开放。许多学生已经参观过它了。——哇，我迫不及待想去那里！ 根据时间状语“since last month”可知，句子应用现在完成时，排除A、B、D。且open作动词是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，需转化为系表结构“be open”表示状态。故选“has been open”。 26．—Aunt Lily ________ Uncle Tom when they left school. Really, Mom? —Yes. Love is a wonderful thing that brings two people together. They ________ each other since then. A．married; have been married to B．married to; have married C．married; have been married D．married with; have got married to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——莉莉阿姨当他们离开学校时就嫁给了汤姆叔叔。真的吗，妈妈？——是的。爱是一件美妙的事情，把两个人联系在一起。从那以后他们一直与彼此保持着婚姻关系。 第一空，根据时间状语“when they left school”可知，句子用一般过去时，marry是及物动词，后直接接宾语，marry sb.意为“与某人结婚”，应用过去式married；第二空，根据“since then”可知，句子用现在完成时，且表示持续的状态，marry是瞬间动词，需转化为延续性状态be married to sb.，应填have been married to。 27．—Have you ________ the habit of preparing emergency supplies at home? —Yes, I have. It’s very useful. A．develop B．developed C．developing D．develops 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你已经养成了在家准备应急物资的习惯吗？——是的，我养成了。这很有用。 根据“Have you...”可知句子是现在完成时的一般疑问句，结构为“Have/Has+主语+过去分词”，因此空处应填develop的过去分词developed。 28．The number of books we’ve read ________ a lot since this term began. A．increase B．increases C．increased D．has increased 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从这学期开始以来，我们阅读的书籍数量已经增加了许多。 根据时间状语“since this term began”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语“The number of + 名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，助动词用has，应填has increased。 29．—How long have you ________ money for the poor? —For two weeks. A．raise B．raised C．organize D．organized 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你为穷人筹款多久了？——两周了。 raise筹集；raised筹集（过去分词）；organize组织；organized组织（过去分词）。根据“How long have you...”可知句子时态为现在完成时，再根据“money”可知此处表示“筹款”，raise money为固定搭配，organize不符合语境。 30．—Have you ________ the sick children in hospital? —Not yet, I will go there this weekend. A．cheer up B．cheered up C．cheer D．cheers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你去医院给生病的孩子们鼓励了吗？——还没有，我本周末将去那里。 根据“Have you…”可知句子是现在完成时的一般疑问句，结构为“Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词”。cheer的过去分词是cheered，短语cheer up意为“使……振奋/高兴”。 二、单词拼写(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 31．The organization has ________ (train) over 1,000 volunteers since 2020. 【答案】trained 【详解】句意：自从2020年起，这个组织已经培训了超过一千名志愿者。由时间状语“since 2020”可知，本句为现在完成时，句中已有助动词has，动词train用过去分词形式trained。 32．My English teacher has ________ (provide) support when we need help. 【答案】provided 【详解】句意：当我们需要帮助时，我的英语老师一直提供支持。has是现在完成时的标志，其结构为“have/has + 动词过去分词”，用所给词的过去分词provided。 33．Since they got there, she as well as her classmates ________ (receive) great kindness from the locals. 【答案】has received 【详解】句意：自从到达那里以来，她和同学们都受到了当地人的热情善待。since引导时间状语从句时，主句需使用现在完成时，其结构为：主语+have/has+过去分词。“as well as”表示“连同，和”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就远原则，和距离谓语更远的主语“she”保持一致，因此助动词用has，即has received符合语境。 34．The city ________(make)great efforts to improve people’s living conditions in recent years. 【答案】has made 【详解】句意：近年来，这座城市为改善人民的生活条件做出了巨大努力。make“做出”，是动词，由时间状语“in recent years（近年来）”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”。主语“the city”为第三人称单数，所以助动词应用has，动词make的过去分词为made。 35．I’ve always ________ (prefer) the vegetables to the meat. 【答案】preferred 【详解】句意：与肉相比，我一直更喜欢蔬菜。“always”与现在完成时连用表示从过去持续到现在的习惯，prefer的过去分词双写r加-ed，故填preferred。 36．Hundreds of artists ________ (copy) the amazing painting since it was created. 【答案】have copied 【详解】句意：自这幅杰作问世以来，已有数百位艺术家对其进行了临摹。句中since引导时间状语从句，是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语artists为复数，助动词用have，copy的过去分词为copied，故填have copied。 37．The sleeping bag is ________ (stick) to the wall to stop the astronaut from floating around. 【答案】stuck 【详解】句意：睡袋被粘贴在墙上，以防止宇航员四处漂浮。主语“The sleeping bag”与谓语动词“stick”之间为被动关系，睡袋是“被粘贴”在墙上。句子已经给出be动词is，本句是一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“is + 动词过去分词”，因此需要填stick的过去分词，stick的过去分词是stuck。 38．Many science fiction authors have ________ (create) amazing worlds for readers to explore. 【答案】created 【详解】句意：许多科幻作家已经为读者创造了令人惊叹的世界供其探索。句中“have”提示此处是现在完成时，结构为“have + 动词过去分词”，“create”的过去分词是“created”，故填created。 39．My little brother ________ (fall) over many times since he started learning to ride a bike. 【答案】has fallen 【详解】句意：自从开始学骑自行车以来，我的弟弟已经摔倒很多次了。根据时间状语“since he started learning”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，并可能继续，应用现在完成时。主语My little brother是第三人称单数，因此用has fallen。 40．Millie borrowed a book from the town library last Sunday. She has ________ (borrow) this book for about a week. 【答案】kept 【详解】句意：米莉上周日从镇上的图书馆借了一本书，这本书她已经借（持有）了大约一周了。borrow是瞬间动词，不能和“for about a week”这类的时间段连用。要表达（从过去某时）持续拥有某物，需要用延续性动词keep，句子是现在完成时，构成：have/has + 动词的过去分词，故填kept。 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 41．中国在治理沙漠化问题上已经有了一个良好的开端。 China has ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ dealing with the problem of desertification. 【答案】 made a great start in 【详解】原句中“有了一个良好的开端”是关键词，对应短语为make a great start in doing sth.“在做某事上有一个良好的开端”。结合句中“has”可知，时态为现在完成时，make需变为过去分词made。 42．去年，我的眼疾被治愈了，这为我的生活带来了光明与色彩。 Last year, my eye problem ________ ________, and this has ________ light and colour to my life. 【答案】 was cured brought 【详解】原句中“被治愈了”和“带来”是关键词，“治愈”用cure表达，和主语eye之间是被动关系，句子是被动语态，根据时间状语“Last year”可知，句子是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，用was，cure的过去分词是cured；“带来”用bring表达，句子是“has+动词的过去分词”构成的现在完成时，bring的过去分词是brought。 43．大多数家庭都盖了漂亮的房子，我们对未来充满希望。 Most families ________ ________ beautiful houses, and we ________ hopeful ________ the future. 【答案】 have built feel about 【详解】原句中“盖了”和“对……充满希望”是关键词，表示“盖/建造”的动词是build，描述已经完成的动作用现在完成时，主语families为复数，助动词用have，build的过去分词为built；表示“对……充满希望”的短语是feel hopeful about。后句描述当前的状态或感受，时态为一般现在时，主语为we，动词feel用原形。 44．从那以后，我也想帮助别人了。 Since then, I’ve ________ ________ ________others, too. 【答案】 wanted to help 【详解】原句中“想帮助别人”是关键词，表示“想要做某事”的固定搭配是want to do sth.。本句中“Since then, I’ve” 提示时态为现在完成时，want需使用过去分词形式wanted，故①填wanted，②填to，③填help。 45．你以前照顾过动物吗？ Have you __________ __________ __________ __________ before? 【答案】 taken care of animals 【详解】原句中“照顾”和“动物”是关键词，“照顾”常用短语“take care of”，这里是一般疑问句，且时间状语是“before”（以前），结合助动词“Have”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构是“have/has + 过去分词”， “take”的过去分词是“taken”，所以第一个空应填“taken”；“take care of”是固定短语，因此第二、三个空分别填“care”和“of”； “动物”常见表达为“animals”，所以第四个空填“animals”。 46．罗伯特，你去过我们的动物收容所吗? Have you __________ __________ to our animal shelter, Robert? 【答案】 ever been 【详解】原句中“去过”是关键词，表示“去过”的英文为have been to，表示去过某地，ever表示“曾经”，用于该疑问句中。 47．如果你从未读过海明威的作品，推荐你读这本书。 If you’ve ________ ________ Ernest Hemingway, I ________ you read this book. 【答案】 never read recommend 【详解】原句中“从未读过”和“推荐”是关键词，“从未”对应副词never，“读过”对应动词read的过去分词形式；后半句“推荐”是建议类动词，主句用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形recommend。 48．许多国家已经同中国建立了亲密友好关系。 Many countries have _________ _________ friendships with China. 【答案】 formed close 【详解】原句中的“建立”是关键词，它的基础动词短语是form close friendships；句子是现在完成时（have+过去分词），所以form要变为过去分词formed，close修饰friendships表示“亲密的”。 49．自从加入志愿社团，我明白了善意能温暖人心。 ________ ________ I joined the volunteer club, I’ve known that kindness can warm hearts. 【答案】 Ever since 【详解】原句中“自从”是关键词，“自从”对应的英文表达是“Ever since” ，放在句首首字母大写。所以空白处应填“Ever since”。 50．你读过马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》吗？ ________ you ________ The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain? 【答案】 Have read 【详解】原句中“读过”是关键词，“读”用read表达，根据句意，句子是现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是you，助动词用have，read的过去分词还是read，问句中助动词位于主语前，句首字母要大写。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $