Unit 7-8 单元语法综合练习（现在完成时）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下学期单元重难点易错题精练（人教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦现在完成时核心语法，通过系统梳理定义、构成及标志词，结合精选题型实现知识应用与思维训练，提升语言运用能力。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法梳理|定义+构成+8类标志词（配例句）|分类定义（全部/部分完成）+标志词用法（肯定/疑问/否定场景）+延续性动词转换技巧|从概念（定义）到结构（构成）再到应用（标志词+题型）的递进| |单项选择|30题（含for/since区别、短暂动词转换等典例）|语境分析+标志词定位+时态呼应法|覆盖高频考点，强化语法规则在情境中的灵活运用| |单词拼写|20题（含since从句、现在完成时与时间状语搭配）|动词时态变形规律+语境语义匹配|巩固语法结构，培养语言输出的准确性与逻辑性|

Unit 7-8 单元语法综合练习 现在完成时 （时间：40分钟，满分：100分） 现在完成时 定 义 现在全部完成 表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen this movie twice. 现在部分完成 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 I have lived in Changsha for 3 years. 构 成 have/has+过去分词 标 志 词 already（“ 已经 ”，用于肯定句） He has already got her help. yet（“已经 ”，用于疑问句；“还 ”， 用于否定句） Has he come back yet? He hasn’t come back yet. ever（曾经） This is the best film I have ever seen. never（从没） He has never been to Beijing. for(+时间段) He has been away for two years. since ( +时间点/…ago/从句) He has been an English teacher since 1992. Mr Green has lived in China since five months ago. Mr Green has lived in China since he came to China. 以动作发生的次数为标志，比如 twice, three times。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 以 so far, in the last/past few years, recently 为标志 He has got to Beijing so far. She has studied over 2000 words in the last few years. 一、单项选择(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分) 1．—I haven’t seen your sister for a long time. Where is she? —She ________ to Shanghai. She ________ there for two months. A．has gone; has been B．has been; has gone C．has gone; has gone D．has been; has been 2．I miss my best friend very much because we haven’t seen each other ________ last year. A．for B．since C．in D．before 3．I ________ some friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 4．Mr. Li ________ math in this school for over 15 years and all students love his classes. A．teaches B．has taught C．taught D．will teach 5．—Sorry, I’m late. —It doesn’t matter. The meeting ________ for only several minutes. You haven’t missed much.. A．began B．has begun C．has been on D．is beginning 6．—Look at our school’s volunteer club. So many great activities have been held recently. But where’s Bob? —He ________ Hong Kong since he went to his new school. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 7．My grandma ________ in this city for over 60 years. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live 8．—When will the match between China and India begin on TV? —Oh, it ________ for ten minutes. China won the match. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 9．—Tony, where is Timmy? I haven’t seen him for days. —Oh, he ________ from Nanjing for a week. A．has been left B．has left C．has gone D．has been away 10．— Is your father at home? — No, he ________ to Beijing on business. A．has been B．has gone C．went D．will go 11．The museum ________ for about two years. It is very popular among the teenagers. A．has open B．has opened C．has been open D．has been opened 12．He ________ his homework and now he is watching TV. A．finishes B．has finished C．finished D．is finishing 13．The search for the survivors ________ since the Turkey-Syria earthquakes happened. More than 8,000 people have been rescued. A．starts B．started C．has started D．has been on 14．Great changes ________ in Xi’an since it became the starting point of the Silk Road. A．take place B．took place C．have taken place D．are taking place 15．—How long have you lived here? —________ I was ten years old. A．For B．Since C．Ever D．Before 16．—How long have you ________ your home? —________ last year. I miss my parents very much. However, because of my work, I can’t go home. A．left; Since B．left; For C．been away from; For D．been away from; Since 17．I ________ in this city since I was five, so I know every corner well. A．live B．lived C．have lived D．will live 18．Mr. Wang ________ a beautiful lady in 2020. He and his wife ________ for six years. A．married; have been married B．married; have got married C．married to; have got married D．married to; have been married 19．— Mike ________ so much in the past two years. — Yeah, he ________ be shy, but now he is confident and active. A．has changed; used to B．changed; is used to C．changed; used to D．has changed; is used to 20．Today, energy-efficient refrigerators ________ the new normal. A．become B．became C．have become D．will become 21．—Where is your classmate Lucy?      —She ________ to the library to borrow books. A．has gone B．has been C．have gone D．have been 22．AI has had a great influence on learning methods since it ________ into schools. A．introduce B．introduced C．is introduced D．was introduced 23．It’s over 55 years since man first ________ on the moon. A．has stepped B．steps C．stepped D．stepping 24．The diary, as well as all the photos in it, ________ my happiest moments since I was ten. A．recorded B．was recording C．have recorded D．has recorded 25．—How long ago did the forest fire start? —________. The firefighters are still working. A．At three B．Since three hours C．For about three hours D．For three 26．—________ you ever ________ a storm before? —No, but I saw heavy rain last week. A．Did; see B．Did; experience C．Have; seen D．Have; experienced 27．I ________ the Digital Dunhuang website last weekend, but I ________ the Louvre Museum yet. A．have visited; didn’t visit B．visited; haven’t visited C．visited; hasn’t visited D．visit; haven’t visited 28．—Our new teacher has ______ to Beijing. How can I get in touch with her? —Don’t worry. She will phone you as soon as she ______ there. A．been; will get B．been; gets C．gone; will get D．gone; gets 29．The old man has lived here ________ he finished college. A．for B．in C．since D．when 30．Many great changes ________ in China over the past forty years. A．have taken place B．took place C．have happened D．both A and C 二、单词拼写(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 31．Lily, together with her classmates, ________ (keep) on practicing her speech since she decided to join the competition. 32．The film ________ (win) several awards so far and it is very popular with audiences. 33．The old man ________ (suffer) from loneliness since his wife passed away. 34．The scholar’s influence is still strong though he ________ (die) for 40 years. 35．They ________ (not see) each other for five years. 36．I ________ (lose) my key. I can’t find it anywhere. 37．Our class ________ (organize) three volunteer activities in the last few weeks. 38．The government _________ (design) more and more parks for people over the years. 39．Lucy ________ (not reply) to her pen pal’s WeChat message yet. 40．Mr. An told us that the number of natural disasters ________ (increase) because of climate change these years. 41．China __________ (reduce) its desert area by nearly 2,000 square kilometres each year since 1997. 42．The astronauts ________ (work) in space for more than four months since they were sent there. 43．My grandparents ________ (live) in the village since they got married. 44．After the earthquake, many houses were ________ (break) and people had no places to live in. 45．There are clear footprints on the snow because someone ________ (step) on it. 46．So far, more than 500 volunteers ________ (sign) up for the community clean-up activity. 47．Over the years, the Chens ________ (run) their shop very well. 48．My parents ________ (travel) to many countries, but they have never been to Australia. 49．Digital Dunhuang ________ (provide) online tours since 2016. 50．The writer ________ (inspire) many people with his stories so far. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7-8 单元语法综合练习 现在完成时 （时间：40分钟，满分：100分） 现在完成时 定 义 现在全部完成 表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen this movie twice. 现在部分完成 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 I have lived in Changsha for 3 years. 构 成 have/has+过去分词 标 志 词 already（“ 已经 ”，用于肯定句） He has already got her help. yet（“已经 ”，用于疑问句；“还 ”， 用于否定句） Has he come back yet? He hasn’t come back yet. ever（曾经） This is the best film I have ever seen. never（从没） He has never been to Beijing. for(+时间段) He has been away for two years. since ( +时间点/…ago/从句) He has been an English teacher since 1992. Mr Green has lived in China since five months ago. Mr Green has lived in China since he came to China. 以动作发生的次数为标志，比如 twice, three times。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 以 so far, in the last/past few years, recently 为标志 He has got to Beijing so far. She has studied over 2000 words in the last few years. 一、单项选择(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分) 1．—I haven’t seen your sister for a long time. Where is she? —She ________ to Shanghai. She ________ there for two months. A．has gone; has been B．has been; has gone C．has gone; has gone D．has been; has been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我很久没见到你妹妹了。她在哪里？——她去了上海。她已经在那里待两个月了。 have/has gone to表示去了某地（尚未返回）；have/has been to表示去过某地（已返回）；have/has been in + 地点表示待在某地（持续一段时间），此处there为副词，省略in，用have/has been there。根据问句“很久没见到”可知妹妹此刻不在现场，第一空用has gone；第二空后有for two months（时间段），强调持续停留的状态，用has been。应填has gone；has been。 2．I miss my best friend very much because we haven’t seen each other ________ last year. A．for B．since C．in D．before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我非常想念我最好的朋友，因为自去年以来我们就没见过彼此。 for为了；since自从；in在……里面；before在……之前。根据“haven’t seen”可知句子是现在完成时，“last year”是过去的时间点，应用since“自从”。 3．I ________ some friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校以来，我交了一些朋友。 根据“since I came to this school”可知，since引导的时间状语从句常与现在完成时连用，表示动作从过去持续到现在，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语是I，助动词应用have。 4．Mr. Li ________ math in this school for over 15 years and all students love his classes. A．teaches B．has taught C．taught D．will teach 【答案】B 【详解】句意：李老师在这所学校教数学已经超过15年了，所有学生都喜欢他的课。 “for over 15 years”表示一段时间，与现在完成时连用，强调动作从过去持续到现在，应填has taught。 5．—Sorry, I’m late. —It doesn’t matter. The meeting ________ for only several minutes. You haven’t missed much.. A．began B．has begun C．has been on D．is beginning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——对不起，我迟到了。——没关系。会议只进行了几分钟。你没有错过太多。 根据时间状语“for only several minutes”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，且谓语动词需用延续性动词。begin是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，其对应的延续性状态是be on，即has been on。 6．—Look at our school’s volunteer club. So many great activities have been held recently. But where’s Bob? —He ________ Hong Kong since he went to his new school. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has come to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看看我们学校的志愿者俱乐部。最近举办了很多很棒的活动。但是鲍勃在哪里？——自从他去新学校后，他就一直待在香港。 考查现在完成时中延续性动词与瞬间动词的辨析。since引导的时间状语表示动作或状态从过去持续到现在，谓语动词需用延续性动词或状态。has gone to、has come to是瞬间动作，不能与since连用；has been to表示“去过某地”，强调经历且暗示已回；has been in表示“在某地”，是延续性状态，符合语法和语境。故选C。 7．My grandma ________ in this city for over 60 years. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的祖母在这座城市已经住了60多年了。 根据时间状语“for over 60 years”表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时，现在完成时的结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has，live的过去分词是lived。 8．—When will the match between China and India begin on TV? —Oh, it ________ for ten minutes. China won the match. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——电视上中印之间的比赛什么时候开始？——哦，它已经结束十分钟了，中国赢了比赛。 has started已经开始；has been on已经上演；has finished已经完成；has been over已经结束。“for ten minutes”是时间段，现在完成时中必须使用延续性动词或状态，start和finish都是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用；“China won the match.”表明比赛已结束，be over表示结束的状态，可延续，应填has been over。 9．—Tony, where is Timmy? I haven’t seen him for days. —Oh, he ________ from Nanjing for a week. A．has been left B．has left C．has gone D．has been away 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——托尼，蒂米在哪里？我好几天没见到他了。——哦，他已经离开南京一周了。 根据“for a week”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词，leave和go都是短暂性动词，be away是延续性动词，可以表示离开的状态持续一段时间，因此这里应该用has been away。 10．— Is your father at home? — No, he ________ to Beijing on business. A．has been B．has gone C．went D．will go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你父亲在家吗？——不，他去北京出差了。 has been去过某地已回来；has gone去了某地未回来；went去，过去式；will go将要去。根据问句“Is your father at home?”及答语“No”可知，父亲现在不在家，说明他去北京了且尚未回来，has gone符合逻辑。 11．The museum ________ for about two years. It is very popular among the teenagers. A．has open B．has opened C．has been open D．has been opened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这家博物馆已经开放大约两年了。它在青少年中很受欢迎。 for about two years是一段时间，现在完成时中与时间段连用需用延续性动词或表示状态的结构。has been open中been是“be”的过去分词，“open”为形容词，构成“has been+形容词”结构，表示“一直处于开放状态”，符合语境。应填has been open。 12．He ________ his homework and now he is watching TV. A．finishes B．has finished C．finished D．is finishing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他已经完成了作业，现在正在看电视。 finishes一般现在时的单三形式；has finished现在完成时；finished一般过去时；is finishing现在进行时。 根据后半句 “and now he is watching TV”（现在他正在看电视）可知，他看电视的前提是“已经完成了”作业。这里强调的是过去的动作（完成作业）对现在造成的影响或结果（现在有时间看电视），所以用现在完成时。 13．The search for the survivors ________ since the Turkey-Syria earthquakes happened. More than 8,000 people have been rescued. A．starts B．started C．has started D．has been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从Turkey-Syria地震发生以来，搜寻幸存者的工作一直在进行。已有超过8000人获救。 根据时间状语"since the Turkey-Syria earthquakes happened"可知，主句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，排除一般现在时和一般过去时。start是瞬间动词，不能与since连用表示动作持续，需转换为延续性状态，be on表示进行中，符合语境。应填has been on。 14．Great changes ________ in Xi’an since it became the starting point of the Silk Road. A．take place B．took place C．have taken place D．are taking place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从西安成为丝绸之路的起点以来，这里发生了巨大的变化。 根据“since it became the starting point of the Silk Road”可知，此处表示从过去的某个时间点一直持续到现在的动作或状态，需用现在完成时，应该填have taken place。 15．—How long have you lived here? —________ I was ten years old. A．For B．Since C．Ever D．Before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你在这里住了多久了？——从我十岁开始。 For长达（后接时间段）；Since自从（后接时间点）；Ever曾经；Before在……之前。根据问句“How long”提问多长时间，及答句“I was ten years old”是一个过去的时间点，应用Since表示“自从”，应填Since。 16．—How long have you ________ your home? —________ last year. I miss my parents very much. However, because of my work, I can’t go home. A．left; Since B．left; For C．been away from; For D．been away from; Since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你离开家多久了？——自从去年。我非常想念我的父母。但是，因为我的工作，我不能回家。 How long意为“多久”，对时间段提问，句子时态为现在完成时，谓语动词需用延续性动词，leave是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，需变为be away from，排除A、B；last year是时间点，since后接时间点，for后接时间段，故第二空用Since。故选D。 17．I ________ in this city since I was five, so I know every corner well. A．live B．lived C．have lived D．will live 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我自五岁起就住在这个城市，所以我非常了解每个角落。 根据时间状语“since I was five”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时。应选have lived。 18．Mr. Wang ________ a beautiful lady in 2020. He and his wife ________ for six years. A．married; have been married B．married; have got married C．married to; have got married D．married to; have been married 【答案】A 【详解】句意：王先生在 2020 年娶了一位漂亮的女士。他和妻子已经结婚六年了。 marry是及物动词，后直接接人，不用介词to，排除 C、D 选项；根据“for six years”是一段时间，可知谓语动词需用延续性动词，have been married表示状态可延续，A符合语法要求；have got married表示瞬间动作不可延续。 19．— Mike ________ so much in the past two years. — Yeah, he ________ be shy, but now he is confident and active. A．has changed; used to B．changed; is used to C．changed; used to D．has changed; is used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——迈克在过去的两年里改变了很多。——是啊，他过去常常很害羞，但现在他既自信又活跃。 第一空，根据时间状语“in the past two years”可知，句子使用现在完成时，结构为have/has + 过去分词，主语Mike是第三人称单数，所以用has changed；第二空，used to意为“过去常常”，is used to意为“习惯于”。根据“but now he is confident and active”可知，此处表示过去害羞现在不了，应使用used to。 20．Today, energy-efficient refrigerators ________ the new normal. A．become B．became C．have become D．will become 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，节能冰箱已经成为新常态。 本句中“Today”表示当前的现状，强调从过去发展到现在已经形成的结果，现在完成时能够体现这一语境，应填have become。 21．—Where is your classmate Lucy?      —She ________ to the library to borrow books. A．has gone B．has been C．have gone D．have been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的同学露西在哪里？——她去图书馆借书了。 has gone去了（未返回，主语为第三人称单数）；has been去过（已返回，主语为第三人称单数）；have gone去了（未返回，主语为复数）；have been去过（已返回，主语为复数）。主语She是第三人称单数，助动词需用has。根据“Where is your classmate Lucy?”可知，露西不在现场，因此应用has gone to，表示“去了图书馆未返回”。 22．AI has had a great influence on learning methods since it ________ into schools. A．introduce B．introduced C．is introduced D．was introduced 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从人工智能被引入学校以来，它对学习方法产生了很大的影响。 since引导的时间状语从句中，主句为现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时；主语“it”指代AI，与动词introduce之间是被动关系，表示“AI被引入”，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词。应填入was introduced。 23．It’s over 55 years since man first ________ on the moon. A．has stepped B．steps C．stepped D．stepping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从人类第一次踏上月球以来，已经55年多了。 固定句型“It is+时间 +since+从句”，since引导的从句表示动作发生在过去，谓语动词用一般过去时。 24．The diary, as well as all the photos in it, ________ my happiest moments since I was ten. A．recorded B．was recording C．have recorded D．has recorded 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这本日记，以及里面的所有照片，记录了我自从十岁以来最快乐的时刻。 主语The diary是第三人称单数，as well as连接的名词短语不作主语，谓语动词需与The diary保持一致用单数；时间状语since I was ten表明动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时。 25．—How long ago did the forest fire start? —________. The firefighters are still working. A．At three B．Since three hours C．For about three hours D．For three 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这场森林火灾是多久前发生的？——大约三个小时了。消防员还在工作。 At three 在三点；Since three hours 表述错误；For about three hours 大约三个小时；For three 表述不完整。“how long”用于询问时长，需用“for+时间段”来回答，此处符合要求的是For about three hours，应填For about three hours。 26．—________ you ever ________ a storm before? —No, but I saw heavy rain last week. A．Did; see B．Did; experience C．Have; seen D．Have; experienced 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你以前经历过暴风雨吗？——没有，但我上周看到了大雨。 根据关键词ever和before可知，句子时态为现在完成时，结构为Have/Has + 过去分词, 排除A、B选项。experience表示“经历”，see表示“看见”，询问是否经历过暴风雨应用experience。 27．I ________ the Digital Dunhuang website last weekend, but I ________ the Louvre Museum yet. A．have visited; didn’t visit B．visited; haven’t visited C．visited; hasn’t visited D．visit; haven’t visited 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我上周末参观了数字敦煌网站，但我还没有参观过卢浮宫。 have visited参观过，现在完成时；didn’t visit没去参观，一般过去时的否定形式；visited参观了，一般过去时；haven’t visited还没参观过，现在完成时的否定形式；hasn’t visited还没参观过，现在完成时的三单形式否定形式；visit参观，一般现在时。根据时间状语“last weekend”可知第一空表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时visited；根据关键词“yet”可知第二空表示动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have，应填否定形式haven’t visited。 28．—Our new teacher has ______ to Beijing. How can I get in touch with her? —Don’t worry. She will phone you as soon as she ______ there. A．been; will get B．been; gets C．gone; will get D．gone; gets 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的新老师去了北京。我怎么能联系上她？——别担心。她一到那里就会给你打电话。 第一空，been去过（去过且已返回）；gone去了（去了且还没回）。根据“How can I get in touch with her”可知，老师不在现场，表示“去了某地未返回”，应用has gone to，填gone；第二空as soon as引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语she为第三人称单数，谓语动词用gets；应填gone; gets。 29．The old man has lived here ________ he finished college. A．for B．in C．since D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老人自从大学毕业之后就一直住在这里。 for长达；in在……里；since自从；when当……时。根据主句“The old man has lived here”是现在完成时，从句“he finished college”是一般过去时，since引导时间状语从句常与现在完成时连用，表示动作从过去某一时间点开始持续到现在。应填since。 30．Many great changes ________ in China over the past forty years. A．have taken place B．took place C．have happened D．both A and C 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的四十年里，中国发生了许多巨大的变化。 根据时间状语over the past forty years可知，句子应用现在完成时，排除B项。take place/happen“发生”，应填have taken place/have happened。 二、单词拼写(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 31．Lily, together with her classmates, ________ (keep) on practicing her speech since she decided to join the competition. 【答案】has kept 【详解】句意：莉莉自从决定参加比赛以来，就和同学们一起坚持练习演讲。句中“since she decided to join the competition”为现在完成时的标志性时间状语，提示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时。现在完成时结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语Lily为单数第三人称，助动词用has；keep的过去分词为kept。 32．The film ________ (win) several awards so far and it is very popular with audiences. 【答案】has won 【详解】句意：这部电影迄今为止已经获得了多个奖项，并且深受观众的喜爱。“so far”提示本句时态是现在完成时，主语“The film”是单数，助动词用has，动词用过去分词won。 33．The old man ________ (suffer) from loneliness since his wife passed away. 【答案】has suffered 【详解】句意：自从妻子去世后，这位老人一直忍受孤独。根据“since his wife passed away”可知，需要用现在完成时。主语The old man是第三人称单数，助动词用has，suffer的过去分词是suffered。 34．The scholar’s influence is still strong though he ________ (die) for 40 years. 【答案】has been dead 【详解】句意：这位学者虽然已经去世40年了，但他的影响力仍然很强。句中时间状语“for 40 years”表示一段持续的时间，要求使用现在完成时，且动词需为延续性动词。die是短暂性动词，需转换为延续性表达“be dead”，因此用has been dead。 35．They ________ (not see) each other for five years. 【答案】haven’t seen/have not seen 【详解】句意：他们已经五年没见面了。根据时间状语“for five years”可知，用现在完成时。主语They为复数，助动词用have，否定形式为haven’t/have not；see的过去分词为seen。 36．I ________ (lose) my key. I can’t find it anywhere. 【答案】have lost 【详解】句意：我丢了钥匙。我到处都找不到。根据“I can’t find it anywhere”提示，丢钥匙的动作对现在造成影响（找不到钥匙），应用现在完成时have/has+过去分词。主语I为第一人称，用have，lose的过去分词是lost。 37．Our class ________ (organize) three volunteer activities in the last few weeks. 【答案】has organized 【详解】句意：在过去的几周里，我们班已经组织了三次志愿活动。根据时间标志词in the last few weeks（在过去几周里），判定时态为现在完成时，结构为：have/has+过去分词。主语Our class为单数集体名词，助动词用has；organize的过去分词为organized。 38．The government _________ (design) more and more parks for people over the years. 【答案】has designed 【详解】句意：这些年来，政府已经为人们设计了越来越多的公园。“over the years”表示从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去，是现在完成时的标志词。现在完成时的结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“The government”是第三人称单数，所以用“has”，“design”的过去分词是“designed”。故填has designed。 39．Lucy ________ (not reply) to her pen pal’s WeChat message yet. 【答案】hasn’t replied 【详解】句意：露西还没有回复她笔友的微信消息。句中副词“yet”是现在完成时的典型标志词，强调动作从过去开始持续到现在的状态，因此应用现在完成时。主语Lucy是第三人称单数，现在完成时的否定结构为“hasn’t+过去分词”，reply的过去分词为replied，故填hasn’t replied。 40．Mr. An told us that the number of natural disasters ________ (increase) because of climate change these years. 【答案】has increased 【详解】句意：安先生告诉我们，近年来由于气候变化，自然灾害的数量有所增加。主句“Mr. An told us”是一般过去时，宾语从句中“these years”（这些年）体现从过去持续到现在的时间背景，需用现在完成时；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 41．China __________ (reduce) its desert area by nearly 2,000 square kilometres each year since 1997. 【答案】has reduced 【详解】句意：自1997年以来，中国每年减少的沙漠面积近2000平方公里。“since+过去时间点”通常与现在完成时连用，表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时的结构为“主语+have/has+过去分词”，主语China是第三人称单数，因此助动词用has，动词reduce的过去分词是reduced，所以填has reduced。 42．The astronauts ________ (work) in space for more than four months since they were sent there. 【答案】have worked 【详解】句意：自从被派往那里以来，宇航员们已经在太空中工作了四个多月。句中“since they were sent there”是现在完成时的时间状语标志，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在。结构是have/has+过去分词，句子主语The astronauts是复数名词，因此助动词用have，动词work的过去分词是worked。 43．My grandparents ________ (live) in the village since they got married. 【答案】have lived 【详解】句意：我的祖父母自从结婚起就一直住在那个村子里。分析句子结构，空格在句中作谓语。句中的“since they got married”提示动作从过去某一时间点开始，并一直持续到现在，符合现在完成时的用法，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语My grandparents为复数概念，助动词应用have；动词live的过去分词形式为lived。 44．After the earthquake, many houses were ________ (break) and people had no places to live in. 【答案】broken 【详解】句意：地震后，许多房屋被毁，人们无处居住。主语houses与break之间为被动关系，were后接过去分词，break的过去分词为broken。 45．There are clear footprints on the snow because someone ________ (step) on it. 【答案】has stepped 【详解】句意：雪上有明显的脚印，因为有人踩到了。雪上已经留下清晰的脚印，说明“有人踩过雪”这个动作已经完成，并且对现在造成了“留下脚印”的结果，因此需要用现在完成时，结构为：”have/has + 动词过去分词，主语“someone”是不定代词，助动词用has。 46．So far, more than 500 volunteers ________ (sign) up for the community clean-up activity. 【答案】have signed 【详解】句意：到目前为止，已有500多名志愿者报名参加了社区清理活动。句中时间状语“So far”是现在完成时的典型标志，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或对现在造成影响。现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“more than 500 volunteers”是复数形式，因此助动词用“have”；“sign”的过去分词是“signed”。 47．Over the years, the Chens ________ (run) their shop very well. 【答案】have run 【详解】句意：多年来，陈家夫妇把他们的店铺经营得很好。句中“Over the years”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，现在完成时的结构为have/has+动词过去分词；主语the Chens是the+姓氏复数结构，表示“陈氏一家人/陈姓夫妇”，属于复数概念，因此助动词用have；动词run的过去分词还是原形run，故填have run。 48．My parents ________ (travel) to many countries, but they have never been to Australia. 【答案】have travelled 【详解】句意：我父母去过很多国家旅游，但他们从未去过澳大利亚。travel“旅行”，动词。根据“but they have never been to Australia.”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语“My parents”是复数，助动词用have，travel的过去分词是travelled。 49．Digital Dunhuang ________ (provide) online tours since 2016. 【答案】has provided 【详解】句意：数字敦煌自2016年起就提供在线游览服务。句中时间状语“since 2016”是现在完成时的标志，表示动作从过去持续到现在；主语Digital Dunhuang是单数名词，因此现在完成时结构为“has+过去分词”，provide的过去分词是provided。 50．The writer ________ (inspire) many people with his stories so far. 【答案】has inspired 【详解】句意：到目前为止，这位作家的故事已经激励了很多人。句中时间标志词so far是现在完成时的典型标志，现在完成时结构为have/has + 动词过去分词。主语The writer是第三人称单数，助动词用has；动词inspire的过去分词是inspired，因此填has inspired。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $