2026届高三英语一轮复习常考语法专项导学案

该高中英语高考复习学案系统覆盖名词、代词、动词时态语态等九大语法核心模块，按“考点梳理-例题解析-专项训练-真题诊断”层级架构知识体系，通过规则归纳、错题归因等任务设计，引导学生自主构建语法知识网络，体现考点梳理的系统性与逻辑性。 亮点在于融合诊断性自测与进阶式真题演练，如单句语法填空结合2024-2025年高考真题，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。每个模块配备“名师点津”方法指导和错题分析表，助力学生自主诊断薄弱点，教师可依据学情数据实施精准教学，有效支持个性化复习与因材施教。

语法精讲 高中英语 目录 第1节 名词……………………………………………………………………………………………3 第2节 代词…………………………………………………………………………………….………7 第3节 动词时态语态…………………………………………………………………………………10 第4节 形容词和副词…………………………………………………………………………………13 第5节 情态动词………………………………………………………………………………………16 第6节 非谓语动词……………………………………………………………………………………20 第7节 连词………………………………………………………………………………………….. 26 第8节 句子成分分析和简单句………………………………………………………………….…. 29 第9节 定语从句…………………..…………………………………………….……….…………. 31 第1节　名词 · 考点一　名词的数 名词单数向复数的转化规则： 1．基本变化规则 (1)一般在名词后加-s，变成复数。 如boy→boys，pen→pens等。 (2)以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾的，在后面加-es。如class→classes，fox→foxes，brush→brushes，watch→watches。但stomach的复数为stomachs。 (3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i，然后再加-es。 如baby→babies。 (4) 以-f或-fe结尾的名词有些直接加-s， 如safe，roof，belief等； 有些要把f或fe改为v，再加-es， 如thief，life，wife，shelf，self，knife，half，leaf，wolf等。 (5) 以-o结尾的名词，除hero，tomato，potato等少数在后面加-es的词外，一般是在后面直接加-s。 如kilo→kilos，photo→photos，zoo→zoos，radio→radios，piano→pianos，video→videos。 2． 有些词变化不规则，需单独记忆， 如：man→men，woman→women，foot→feet，tooth→teeth，goose→geese，child→children，mouse→mice等。 3．复合名词的复数形式：girlfriends，boy students，passers-by，grown-ups。 例　She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(全国Ⅲ) 答案　invitations · 考点二　名词词性变化 1．主要考查动词、形容词、副词向名词的转化 例如：动词变名词：＋-ion/-tion/-ition/-ation/-sion/-ment/-ance/-ence等。 2． 误把形容词用作名词：作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词，形容词一般是对主语的描述。 例　Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia’s biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top (attract)． 答案　attraction · 考点三　名词的所有格 1． 常表示有生命的东西。 如：Tom’s birthday，the dog’s owner。 2． 用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城市等。 如： (1)时间：a day’s work(一天的工作)，today’s newspaper； (2)距离：twenty minutes’ ride，five minutes’ walk，a mile’s distance； (3)天体：the sun’s heat，the moon’s surface； (4)度量衡与货币价值：ten dollars’ worth，twenty pounds’ weight； (5)国家、城市等：China’s industry，the city’s development，the government’s plan，China’s development。 3．表示某人的家或店铺。 如：at the doctor’s在诊所；the tailor’s裁缝铺；the barber’s理发店；at my uncle’s在我叔叔家。 例　语法填空 Engelbart，the inventor of the computer mouse，developed the mouse in the 1960s as a useful tool to assist the computer，obtaining a patent for it long before the (mouse) widespread use. 答案　mouse’s · 考点四　名词的固定搭配 1．注意一些高频名词短语。 2．常用复数的名词搭配： make (both) ends meet使收支相抵 take turns to do轮流做 make repairs修理 burst into tears放声大哭 in all directions向四面八方 例　When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his and had a bad fall. 答案　balance Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．This trend has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.(2017·全国Ⅰ) 2．...soon the leaves began to fall down and the (branch) began to dry. 3. Though I said I wasn’t going to do it，my (foot) carried me toward the pool. 4．The little boy ate so many (potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. 5．The blood on his shoes and the fingerprint on the scene were (proof) of his guilt. 6．DeLome supervised the project from the (begin) to the end. 7．“The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the (possible) of causing harm to the heritage，” Wang said. 8．The book gives a detailed (explain) of the origin，the processing skills and the classification of tea. 9．Buckingham Palace is a great tourist (attract)，drawing millions of visitors every year. 10．There are many students living at school；the (child) houses are all far from school. 11.I only needed seven (second). 12．My name is Mireya Mayor.I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.(2018·全国Ⅲ) 13．You wouldn’t think that a few (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and that’s also true for building your vocabulary.(2017·11月浙江) 14．This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018·全国Ⅱ) 15．In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they traveled to and from work.(2017·全国Ⅱ) 16．She is determined to carry on with her (educate)．(2017·全国Ⅲ) 17.A young man in Wuhan，Hubei Province has become the latest Internet sensation after a video showing his heart-warming act on a subway train went viral on social (medium) recently. [2025全国一]“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. [2025浙江]As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. [2025浙江]...providing a less expensive (solve) to one-time event dressing. [2025浙江]“I really want to make this work for (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. [2024 新课标二]Although they could never have met, there are common ____________ (theme)in their works... [2024 新课标二]Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international __________ (visible), said Edmondson... [2024 全国甲]They all agreed and vowed（承诺）to promote the idea at the _________（complete）of their journey. · You can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower)... （2021全国甲） · Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age .（2021全国甲） · ...and often provides money for conservation and benefits the   (develop) of the local areas.（2021全国乙） ·     (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足).（2021全国乙） 名师点津： 在解答有关名词的题目时，要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词的词或短语等，判断其后应该是可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词，有时还要结合语境分析句子的成分，判断是否是需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。 《语法精讲》 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】 专项训练 Ⅰ单句语法填空 1.effects 2.branches 3.feet 4.potatoes 5.proofs 6.beginning 7.possibility 8.explanation 9.attraction 10.children’s Ⅱ真题诊断 1.seconds 2.scientist 3.months 4.pollution 5.crowds 6.education 7.media 第2节 代词 名师点津： 遇到人称代词时要考虑到可能出现的三个方面的错误。 一是考虑是否存在指代错误，即所用代词与其指代的对象是否相符； 二是考虑代词是否存在数和格的误用，因为人称代词、物主代词及反身代词都有单复数之分，作主语和宾语的人称代词还有格的变化； 三是考虑人称代词与反身代词是否存在错用，重点考虑动作的承受者和动作的发出者是否为同一人。 考点一　人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称（复数） 第二人称（复数） 第三人称（复数） 主格 宾格 adj.代词 n.代词 反身代词 考点二　不定代词 1．both，all，either，any，neither，none的使用规则 都 任何一个 都不(全部否定) 部分否定 两者 both either neither not＋both 三者或三者以上 all any none not＋all 2.other(s)，the other(s)，another的使用规则 the other，other the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”，也可修饰名词，表示“另外的……”；other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义 another 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)” others，the others others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others 考点三　替代词it的用法 1．it可指代前面提到的同一个人或物，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象；还可指代环境、情形、时间、地点、距离、天气、季节、度量衡单位等。 2．it可作形式主语或形式宾语，用来指代动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。 3．表示“喜欢，恨”等心理方面的动词后面跟从句时，要先接it，再接从句，这类动词有like，love，hate，dislike，appreciate等。 4．it常用于一些固定搭配中，如it is no wonder that “难怪……”；make it“获得成功；及时赶到”；when it comes to ...“当说到……”等。 1．Running is cheap，easy and...If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give a try.(2022·全国Ⅰ) 2. When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find (they) alive.(2022·全国Ⅲ) 3．Many westerners cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.(2022·浙江) 4．“She thought I had hurt (I)，” says Pahlsson.(2022·6月浙江) 5．A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with (it) choking smog.(2020·全国Ⅰ) 6．Raise your leg and let stay in the air for seconds.(2020·辽宁) 7. Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer.You need （they）to complete the things you want to do. 8. ...because the platform allows their voice to be heard and constantly encourages them to improve (they)． 9. However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success，more than 25,000 people were using every day.(2020·全国Ⅱ) 10．This is 18-year-old Musa Bockarie’s story about how first aid saved (he) life.(2023·广东汕头二模) 11． is very common for students to be physically present in class，but mentally absent . 12．I learned to set (I) a schedule of getting groceries，cleaning my room and doing my laundry on Sundays.(2023·浙江名校协作体联考) 13．Then the frog suddenly jumped into the water and the mouse was pulled in with (he)． 14．The violin is (you)，Mr Kreisler.Take it into the world，and let the people hear it. 15．Niki is always full of ideas，but is useful to my knowledge. 16．The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but contained any useful suggestions. 17．It was time for dinner and was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger. 18．In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in ，knives and forks. 19．Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 20. Don’t take _____ for granted that he can agree with your opinion completely. 21. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making _____ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. 22. The clerk quickly brought ________(they) to her. 23. It’s a good idea to eat two healthy snacks between _______(you) three meals. 24. Restlessly, I searched for _______(she) in thousands, hundreds of ways. 25. Lastly, always set goals for _______(you) and your team. [2024全国甲]This area, with ___________（it）unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. [2021 全国乙]Ecotourism has   (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. 【答案】 1.It/running 2.them 3.it 4.myself 5. its 6. it 7. them 8.themselves 9. it 10.his 11. it 12. myself 13. him 14. yours 15. none 16.neither 17. it 18.others 19.it 20. it 21.it 22.them 23your 24.her 25.yourself 第3节 动词时态语态 =知识点： 现在形式 被动 过去形式 被动 一般时 （结构） (时间标志词) 将来时 （结构） (时间标志词) 完成时 （结构） (时间标志词) 进行时 （结构） (时间标志词) 一、【时态】 My mother _____________(work) in a bank. 1. 2. ——How long do you want me to heat the oil? ——Heat it till it ___________(begin) to smoke. 3. The earth _________________(move) around the sun. 4. Where ______________(do) you go yesterday? 5. I ____________(go) to the cinema once a week when I was at school. 6. It was raining lightly when I ______________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before the dawn. 7. They said they would let me know as soon as they ____________(get) there. 8. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child______________(eat) everything. 9. The lady took him by hand,_____________(go) into the store, and asked the clerk to bring the shoes. 10. We _______________(wait) for you just now. 11. —— Hi, let’s go skating. ——Sorry, I’m busy right now. I ___________(fill) in an application form for a new job. 12. I ________________(read) a novel when you called. 13. The boy _______________(play) the games when the mother came in. 14. I ____________(study) French for two years. 15. Did you enjoy your holiday? —Yes, it’s the best holiday I _____________(have) these years. 16. So far I _______________(adopt) and taught children for over 35 years. 17. Her cancer _________________ (be) in remission (缓解) now for 12 years. 18. Since childhood，I ________________ (see) action movies starring Bruce Lee and Jackie Chen，and I was always curious to learn the martial arts(武术). 19. Nova _______________(attract) the world since her birth on November 6,2015. 20. He _____________( be) twenty years old next year. 21. They _________________(go) camping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 22. Look at the dark cloud. It ______ ________ ________ ________(rain). 23. Most of the guest _________________(leave) when he arrived at the party. 24. He _________________（live）in the countryside for twenty years before he moved into the city. 二、【语态】 1. If nothing _______________(do), the ocean will turn into fish deserts. 2. At the station, I _________________(tell) that an old lady had all her money stolen. 3. Mr Li _________________(choose) by the patients. 4. The song __________________(write) by Jackson Wang. 5. In China the dishes ________________(place) on the table and everybody shares. 6. The Year of the Dog began on Feb. 16，2018 according to the Chinese lunar calendar. Though dogs _________________(see)as companions and part of the family today. 7. Perhaps you will say that my impressions _________________ (influence) by the Chinese people. 8. Unless some extra money _______________(find)，the theatre will close. 9. To my delight, I ______________ (choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. 10. The cinema_________________(build) ten years ago when we first moved to this town. [2025全国一]“The players’ personalities (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. [2025全国一]“A decent winner always __ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” [2025 浙江]The concept (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. [2025 北京]Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes __________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. [2025 北京]However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ___________ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year. [2024 新课标二]★“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___ __ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. [2024 新课标二]Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, __________ (build)at the Firs Garden. [2024 浙江]Over the last two years, some supermarkets ______________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs. 【答案】 一、时态： 1.Works 2.takes 3.begins 4.moves 5.did 6.went 7.Arrived 8.got 9.ate 10.went 11.were waiting 12.am filling 13.was reading 14.was playing 15.have studied 16.have had 17.have adopted 18.has been 19.have seen 20.has attracted 21.will be 22.will go 23. is going to rain 24.had left 25.had lived 二、语态： 1.is done 2.was told 3.was chosen 4.was written 5.are placed 6.are seen 7.are influenced 8.is found 9.was chosen 10.was build 第4节　形容词和副词 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质、特征或状态。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词以及句子等。 =考点一　形容词和副词的词性/词形转换 形容词＋-ly变副词的变化规则： 1．一般情况：在词尾加-ly immediate→immediately； wonderful→wonderfully； real→really； careful→carefully； 2．辅音字母加-y结尾的 (1)当y的发音为[i]时，变y为i，加-ly： angry→angrily； busy→busily； heavy→heavily (2)当y的发音为[ɑi]时，直接加-ly： 3．以-ble或-le结尾的形容词去e加-y possible→possibly；terrible→terribly；simple→simply；comfortable→comfortably 4．以-ue结尾的形容词去e加-ly: true→truly 5．以-l结尾的形容词在词尾加-ly：usual→usually；careful→carefully 6．以-ll结尾的形容词在词尾加-y：full→fully 7．以-ic结尾，加-ally：economic→economically； scientific→scientifically 例　A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.(全国Ⅱ) 答案　actually =考点二　形容词和副词的比较等级 1． 高考对形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面： 一是通过标志词(than，still，far，much，a lot，even等)或表示比较意义的语境得出要用比较级或最高级； 二是考查一些固定结构中比较级或最高级的用法，如： (1)比较级：表示“越……就越……”用“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构；“比较级＋and＋比较级”和“more and more＋原级”表示“越来越……”，其反义词组为“less and less＋原级”；否定词＋比较级＝最高级。 (2)最高级：“最……”，。表示范围的标志词有in，of，among等；当空格前有the second/third/...，one of ...等词时，需填最高级。 2.形容词、副词的比较等级的不规则变化：good/well→better→best； bad/badly→worse→worst； many/much→more→most； little→less→least； far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 例　Even (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(全国Ⅰ) 答案　worse 例　The (hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit. 答案　harder =考点三　常见的连接副词 1．逻辑性副词：anyway(无论如何)，however(然而)，therefore(因此)，thus(因此)，besides(而且，还有)，though(尽管，然而)，too，also，instead等。 2．时间性副词(短语)：a few hours ago(几小时前)，ten minutes later(十分钟后)，afterwards(后来)，the day after(次日)，the day before(前一日)，than before(比以前)，than ever(比以前)，than ever before(比以往任何时候)，ever since(从那时起)，and then(然后)，till then(直到那时)，by then(到那时为止)，just then(就在那时)，from then on(从那时起)等。 例　Most (important)，though，remember the following old rule：try to eat different food，yet not too much. 答案　importantly · 写下以ly结尾的形容词： Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．As (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 2．Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very (care) mother. 3．The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 4．As night fell，we became (increase) worried. 5．Staying (health) while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one. 6．We felt safe for the next half-hour so we decided to go even (far)． 7．The more support you win from others，the (fast) you will move toward your goal. 8．But that didn’t prevent the boy from becoming one of the (great) composers of all time. 9．The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here (early)． 10．If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of (great) and less importance. 【一】 1．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years (long) than non-runners.(全国Ⅰ) 2．Running is cheap，easy and it’s always (energy)．(全国Ⅰ) 3．That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the (loud) of all.(全国Ⅲ) 4．But something made her look closer，and she noticed a (shine) object.(浙江) 5．Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.(全国Ⅱ) we decided it was time for some action and what   (good) than to ride on a piece of history!（2021全国甲） Just to watch the local people going about their   (day) routines.（2021全国甲） Provide   (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.（2021全国乙） Also, it gives our parents most time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. （2021全国乙） What's most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.（2021全国乙） [2025全国一]Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the (strategy) placement of the pieces... [2025全国一]the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, __________ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. [2025 北京]When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly ____________ (long). [2024全国一]On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood _______________ (name) the world’s oldest living man. [2024 全国甲]Yellowstone was the__________( large) United States national park, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 专项训练1-5 natural；careful/caring；officially；increasingly；healthy 6-10 farther/further；faster；greatest；earlier；greater 真题诊断【一】1-5.longer；energetic；loudest；shiny/shining；fairly 第5节 情态动词 一. 情态动词的特征: 1.表示说话人的语气和情绪 2.本身有词义；不能独立作谓语 3.后接动词原形一起构成谓语 4.没有随人称和数的变化 二． 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法： may与 might用法 对比点 may might 1．表“询问” May I …?(=Can I …?) Might I …?(=Could I…?) (但比用may 更客气) 2.表“允许” You may take the boy there. He told me he might come. (might 与told相呼应) 3．表“可能”“或许” She may not like this place. I’m afraid he might not like this play. 注： 1. May I…?的答语。 2. may可表示期望或祝愿 May you succeed ! 肯定：Yes, you may. 否定：No, you mustn’t 不行 （语气强硬） No, you may not 或No, you’d better not. can 与could用法 对比点 can could 1、表“能力” Can you lift this heavy box? I couldn’t understand what he said at all. 2、表“许可” You can use a different material instead. He said I could borrow his bike. 3、“怀疑” No, no, it can’t be true. What on earth can this mean? We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless? 4、can与be able to 区别 1. could代替 can，表示语气更为婉转。 Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, you can 2. can (能够)=be able to(仅表能力时)，但be able to 表示一番努力后， 才能做得到，且有更多的时态。 need与dare用法 对比点 need dare 1.情态v.+动词原形 1）否定式 2）疑问式 He need not (needn’t)go. ---Need we do it again? ---No, you needn’t do it again. He dare not say so. Dare she go out alone at night? How dare you say I’m unfair? If he dare do that, he’ll be punished. I dare say. (固定用法) 2.实义v. +to do 1）肯定式 2）否定式 3）疑问式 He needs to go. He doesn’t (does not) need to go. Does he need to do it again? No, he doesn’t need ot do it again. He dares to say. He does not(doesn’t)dare to say. If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I . 对比点 must have to 1. 表“必须” （主观看法）必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。 He told me I must do according to what he said. （客观需要）不得不，有多种时态。It’s raining heavily, we can’t go now. 2. 疑问句 Must I …? Yes, you must.（一定） No, you needn’t./ you don’t have to. (不必) Do you have to go today? Yes, we do. You don’t have to worry about that. must与have to用法 shall与will用法 shall will 1. 征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称：Shall I (we)…? Shall he (she)…? Where shall I (we)wait for you? 1. 询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求： Will you (please)…? Won’t you…? Would you like to...? (would替代will更客气) Won’t you go and see the film?你不去看电影吗---Yes, I think I will. 不， 我想去。 2. 表示说话人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“强制”“允诺”“决心”等，用于第二、三人称。 You shall do what I tell you ( to do). 我叫你干什么你就干什么。 Everything shall be done to save the ship. 一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。 2. 表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各种人称： I won’t do anything you don’t like. 我不会做任何你不喜欢的事。 Would表示过去时间的“意志”“意愿” Shylock would not take the money earlier. 夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的。 used to与would用法 used to would 1.表示过去的动作、状态，重在与现在情况的对比，不一定要有时间状语。 I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play. My hometown is not what it used to be. 1.只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语。 I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school. 2.would 后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识或状态动词 He used to be nervous in the exam. 2. 表示过去的习惯有时可互换： When we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter. 注：used to do的否定式：usedn’t to do 或didn’t use to do 疑问式： Did you use to do ? Didn’t you use to do? Used you to do? Usedn’t you to do? should与ought to用法 对比点 should ought to 1、表“应该” 表劝告、建议 You should listen to the doctor’s advice. We should learn from Zhang Hua. “有责任有必要”做某事 You ought to finish your work before you go home. We ought to help each other. 2、表“估计” They should get home by now. “非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该” If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch. 注： 1）should还可在虚拟语气中的使用 2) 注意：ought to的疑问式及否定式 ---Ought he to go? ---Yes, I think he ought to. ---No, he oughtn’t to. 否定式：oughtn’t to do (不说ought to not do) 1.  It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ____ be rather cold sometimes.    A. must           B. can          C. should           D. would  2. You ______ be hungry already ---- you had lunch only two hours ago!    A. wouldn’t         B. can’t        C. mustn’t          D. needn’t 3. ---- What do you think we can do for our aged parents?    ---- You ____ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.    A. don’t have to       B. oughtn’t to     C. mustn’t       D. can’t  4. John promised his doctor he ______  not smoke. And he has never smoked ever since.   A. might       B. should        C. could         D. would  5. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ______ better.    A. need have done    B. must have done    C. can have done    D. might have done  6. Liza ______ well not want to go on the trip ---- she hates traveling.    A. will         B. can          C. must         D. may  7. She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.    A. can’t          B. wouldn’t        C. shouldn’t        D. needn’t 8.  According to the air traffic rules, you___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.  A. may        B. can        C. would         D. should  9. ---- I can’t find my purse anywhere.    ---- You ______ have lost it while shopping.    A. may       B. can        C. should         D. would  10. ---- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day.     ---- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.     A. shouldn’t shout    B. shouldn’t have shouted   C. mustn’t shout     D. mustn’t have shouted  11.  ---- What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?     ---- Well, it _______ be big ---- that’s not important.     A. mustn’t         B. needn’t        C. can’t         D. won’t 12. ---- What does the sign over there read?     ---- “No person _______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.” A. will         B. may       C. shall        D. must  13. Some aspects of a pilot’s job ______ be bring; and pilots often _______ work at inconvenient.    A. can; have to      B. may; can       C. have to; may       D. ought to; must  14. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where _______ I have put it?    A. can          B. must         C. should         D. would  15.  The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I _____ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.     A. should have taken     B. could have taken  C. needn’t have taken    D. mustn’t have taken  [2024 全国甲]What should ____________（do）with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. [2024 浙江]However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes _____________ (offer) in smaller packs. 【答案】练习1—15 BBADD     DADAB      BCAAC 第6节 非谓语动词 概念：不作谓语的动词（do/did/does/be doing/will do/have done----------------to do,doing,done）。 1、 常考句型： be likely to do be able to do be+ to do adj.+ to do avoid doing practice doing succeed in doing 介词+doing 被动+to do _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ · 常考：介词+doing 三、3种形式★★★ 3种形式 名称 重点含义 其他 to do doing done 1._____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies(急救). A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known 2.Anyone, once ____ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 3.______in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded 4. I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington. A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught 5.——They might just have a place ______on the writing course. ——why don't you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave 6. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police . A .not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not 7. The sunlight is white and blinding, hard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown 8.The party will be held in the garden, weather _______. A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit 9.Film has a much shorter history, especially when _______ such art forms as music and painting. A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to 10.Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him. A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped 11.The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything that happened to be on. A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched 12.The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 13. The island, _____ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 14.Sarah pretended to be cheerful,______ nothing about the argument. A. says B: said C. to say D. saying 15.Mrs. White showed her students some old maps from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing [2025 浙江]]Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them... [2025 浙江]“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean ______________(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. [2024 新课标二]Visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed __________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. [2024 新课标二]Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion,____________( inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden. [2024 新课标二]___________ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said,... 答案 ： CCCDB BAADA ABCDC 第7节 连词 连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。 （一）并列连词： 并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。 常用的并列连词有：and（和），as well as（既…又） both … and（不但…而且） not only … but also（不但…而且） not … but（不是…而是） neither … nor（既不…也不） either … or（不是…就是） or（或者），but （但是） yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以） while（而），when（这时）....... （二）从属连词： 类型 从 属 连 词 时间状语从句 when(当……时), while (在……期间)， as(随着, 一边……一边……), before, after, since, till/until, whenever, as soon as, the moment等 原因状语从句 because(因为), as(由于), since(既然), now (that) (既然), seeing (that) (由于, 鉴于), considering (that) (考虑到), 条件状语从句 if, unless（除非), once（一旦）, so (as) long as （只要） 目的状语从句 so that, in order that, in case， lest(免得, 以防)等 结果状语从句 so that(以致, 结果) so/such ...that等 地点状语从句 where(在……的地方), wherever (在……的任何地方)等 比较状语从句 (as...)as, (not as/so...)as, than等 方式状语从句 as (按照, 像……那样), as if或as though (好像) 让步状语从句 although, though, as, while(虽然), even if/though (即使), whatever, wherever, however, whether ...or ...(无论……还是……) 练习一：选择 1 .He is very old,____ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C.when D.as 2. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take. A. because B. now C. so D. since 3. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand you correctly. A. since B. for C. because D. so that 4.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until 5. Francis did the task____ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as 6.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program. A. yet B. besides C. also D. then 7. It looks ____ it's going to rain. A. that B. as C. as if D. like that 8.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her. A. Because she went B. After she went C. When she went D. Since she went 9.___he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky. A. Until B. Since C. While D. During 10. We arrived at the station ____ the train had left. A. after B. before C. since D. when 11.____ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else. A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If 12.. Give me one more minute ____ I'll have finished. A. so B. until C. and D. when 13. ___ he has finished writing the novel is unknown. A. If B. Whether C. When D. While 14. We'll go and see the patient ___we are busy. A. even if B. for C. if D. while 15. The museum is ___ far ____ it will take us half an hour to get there by bus. A. such... that B. as...as C. so...that D. so … as 练习二：连词填空 1.Start out right away, ________ you’ll miss the first train. 2. We were swimming in the lake ____________ suddenly the storm started. 3. I am thirsty,___________it is hot. 4. Some of us don’t have much pocket money, _______we feel unhappy. 5. He helps me__________I help him. 6. The little boy won‘t go to sleep _______ his mother tells him a story. 7._______ we have enough evidence. we can't win the case. 8.Mark needs to learn Chinese _______ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. 9. Hurry up,________you’ll be late. 10. I then realized she had no arms _______ legs, just a head, neck . 11. He took the old man not just across the river, ________ to his home. 12.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ____15____we watched some people play volleyball. 13.  ______ could theory do without practice， ______ could practice do without theory. 14.  I am reading a novel， ______ she is reading a letter. 15.  She must go out， ______ the lights are out. My bike was old and shaky   did the job.（2021全国甲） I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.（2021全国乙） [2025全国一]“Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear__________are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.” [2024 北京]Tinniswood, ___________ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. [2024 新课标二]“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ___________ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】 练习一：1-15 ACDAC ACDCA BCBAC 练习二：1-5 or/ when/because/ so/ and； 6-10until/ unless/ because/ or/ and； 11-15but/ where/Neither...nor/ while/ because 第8节 句子成分分析和简单句 简单句的五种基本句型： 1.主语+谓语 A.My arms are aching. B.Something happened. 2.主语+谓语+宾语 A.I need a rest. B.Five people are moving the piano. 3.主语+be+表语 A.This piano is heavy. B.It was a big problem. 4.主语+谓语+状语 A.It is on my foot B.Their house is nearby. 5.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 A.It’s giving me backache . B.David bought his mother a present. 【简单句练习题】 1． 判断以下带下划线的词或短语在句子中作什么成分。 1.We are having a great time . 2.The weather is wonderful. 3.It’s great fun. 4.We’re on a farm . 5.We like this place. 6.The scenery is beautiful. 7.The young people heard a noise. 8.He told them many strange stories. 9.Morris took his whisky in his hand. 10.Slowly he put his hand into the pocket. 11.Herbert laughed again. 12.I saw many strange things. 13.The White family looked at the unhappy face of the old soldier 14.Tom looked unhappy. 15.Your stories were very interesting. 二．判断以下句子分别是五种基本句型的哪一种。 16.That was a difficult job. 17.I agree. 18.Strange things can happen sometimes. 19.Someone should give us a medal. 20.I’ve made some tea. 21.Tom likes football. 22.David had an accident. 23.We moved the piano. 24.Annie is a tall woman . 25.Everyone sat on the floor. 26.Mike’s friend gave him some help. 27.Mary is very nice. 28.Prince Charles opened a new sports centre in Stoke yesterday. 29.He also spoke with several young people . 30.The sports centre was first planned in 1994. 31.Naturally , the local council could not finance the project without help. 32.Fortunately, they obtained money from the National Lottery. 33.He stays in his home. 34.He’s an excellent student. 35.We work on Saturday morning. 第9节　定语从句 1、 定义： 在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。 被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，位于从句之前。定语从句有关系代词that、which、who、whose、whom和关系副词when 、where、why引导。 二、定语从句的基本结构为： 如： Do you know the boy who is wearing a blue jacket? The skirt which is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it. The number of the people who own cars is increasing. The house that the famous person once lived in is very old now.先行词 + 关系代/副词  +  句子 1．关系代词的使用规则 关系代词引导的定语从句 who，whom，that代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语，介词提前时，指人只能用whom；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 which，that代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词，在从句中作主语、宾语等。 whose用来指人或物，在从句中作定语。 当主句中出现the same，such，so修饰先行词时，要选择as作关系代词，as在从句中作主语或宾语。 只用that的情况 先行词是all，some，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时。 先行词被the only，the very，all，every，some，any，few，no，little等修饰时。 先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时 先行词既包括人又包括物时。 只用which的情况 介词提前时，指物只能用which。 在非限制性定语从句中，指物只用which。 2.关系副词的使用规则 关系副词引导的定语从句 when，where，why的先行词分别是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，并且在从句中作状语 特殊用法 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句 先行词occasion当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where 当先行词way意为“方法，方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that，in which或省略关系词这三种形式 3.“介词＋关系代词”的使用规则 构成 用法 介词(短语)＋which/whom 介词提前时，指物只能用which，指人只能用whom 数词/形容词最高级/不定代词＋of＋which/whom 表示部分与整体的关系 the＋名词＋of＋which/whom 表示所属关系，可转化为“whose＋名词” 4.as和which的使用规则 (1)as引导非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等。 (2)which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。 审题要诀 1．在语法填空中： 找准先行词，是人还是物。 成分定好位，定、宾或是主。 主从意相连，答案自清楚。 2．在短文改错中： 代人代物常相混，主、宾、状语胡乱分。 非限定语常设错，what耍赖当替身。 ★★★ which who that whom whose when where why as 指代... 成分 【单句语法填空】 1.Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.   A. what     B. who    C. whom    D. which 2.This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.   A. which    B. what    C. whose   D. whom 3.Do you know the man ________ is sitting behind Nancy?   A. what    B. which    C. who     D. whom 4.The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.   A. /     B. why     C. when     D. what 5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places ________ you can visit during the winter holidays.   A. where     B. which    C. what    D. that 6.I’d like to tell you about the table manners ________ you should know when you visit Korea.   A. which     B. who    C. what     D. how 7.I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers, ________has a great effect on my life. A. when; who          B. that; which        C. which; that          D. when; which   8.Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?  A. that      B. /     C. which    D. it                            9.Is ________ some German friends visited last week?   A. this school         B. this the school       C. this school one      D. this school where   10.——What kind of music do you like?    ——I like music ________ has great lyrics.    A. that     B. what    C. who     D. whose 11.That is the only thing ________ I bought from the supermarket.    A. which   B. that     C. what      D. where 12.The place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.    A. which  B. where    C. what   D. in which 13.The computer ________ last week has gone wrong.    A. which I bought it      B. I bought       C. what I bought          D. I bought it 14.That is the poor boy ________ father died in a traffic accident last year.    A. who    B. whom    C. whose   D. which 15.Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree?  A. who     B. whom   C. which   D. where 16.Is the woman ________ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?    A. who     B. whom   C. which    D. what 17.The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.    A. what   B. whose    C. whom   D. which 18.I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.  A. that     B. who      C. how     D. why 19.I hate people ________ talk much but do little.  A. whom   B. which    C. who    D. when 20.I am one of the boys ________never late for school.   A. that is   B. who are  C. who am  D. who is [※注意区分出非定语从句题。] 1．I’m not sure is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(全国Ⅲ) 2．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.(全国Ⅱ) 3．Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both， is not good for the health.(全国Ⅰ) 4．Pahelsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.(浙江) 5.Here are my neighbors home was destroyed by the earthquake..(四川) 6．I didn’t understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.(广东) 7.The boy is wearing a red jacket bought a bicycle. 8.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(全国Ⅰ) 9.Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(浙江) 10.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of has been proved. 11.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing she was heading.(北京) 12.By chance，the professor knew the student complained about. 13. we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. 14.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 15.We went to see our teacher husband lost his life in the earthquake. .(浙江) 16.Several days later most of the buildings had been damaged were repaired . 17.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people were asleep. 18.My eldest son， work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(天津) 19.Many young people，most of were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 20.This frightened boy was lost in the disaster is looking for her now. [2025全国一]An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. [2025 浙江]Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travelers。 [2025 北京]When ____________ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. [2025 北京]However, according to the WW Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of waste last year, ___________ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. [2024 新课标二]Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___________is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” [2024 全国甲]Yellowstone was the largest United States national park, ____________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.【答案】 Keys:  1-5 DACAD   6-10 ADABA   11-15BABCA 16-20 ACACB   1.who/which 2.that/which 3.which 4.where 5.whose 6.why 7.who 8.that/which 9.who 10.which 11.where 12.what 13.what 14.that 15.whose 16.that/which 17.who 18.whose 19.whom 20.whose $