专题03 选择性必修第三册Unit3～Unit4（图片版知识清单）高二英语下学期译林版

专题03 Unit 3 Back to the past 011i0n00 001 一、 核心单词 convince vt. n panic n. 惊恐，恐慌 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 vi.vt.(panicked,panicked) (使)惊慌，惊慌失措 load vt.vi. 装上，装入 2 subsequent adj. n. 随后的，后来的 负载；承载量；大量 3 ※astonish vt. ③※strengthen vt.vi. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊 加强，增强 ④facilitate vt. ④ dismiss vt. 使便利，促进 不予考庞，对…不屑一塑；去雅，丽 1解疲；解做 5 Xavailable adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的 proof n. 证据，证明 16 exceptional adj. 杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的 6 acknowledge vt. 承认（权成，地位）； 17 adopt vt. 承认（属实）；（公开）感谢 采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收 vi. ⑦ ※influential adj. 领养，收养 有很大影响力的，有支配力的 18 contrary adj. insist vi.vt. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 1⑨ chaos n. financial adj. 混乱，杂乱 财政的，金融的，财务的 20 ※reform vt. 10 shortage n. 卧 改进，改良，改革 不足，短缺 n. 改革，改良 专题03Unit3重点单词短语 单词拓展 convince 1. astonish t.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 t.使十分惊讶，使吃惊 ● → convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的 astonishing ad.令人感到惊讶的 00 →convinced adj.坚信不移的；确信的 → astonishment n.惊诧；震惊 astonished ad.惊诧的 2 strengthen 12.literary vt.&vi.加强，增强 ad.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的 →strong adj.强壮的 →literature n.文学；文献；文艺；著作 →strength n.力气；力量；强项 3.harmonious 13.extensively adv.广调地；广泛地 ad.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的 → extensive adj.广泛的；大量的；广阔的 →harmoniously adv.协调地，和谐地 extension n.拓展；延伸 →harmony n.融洽，和睦；和谐 4.proof 14.exceptional n.证据，证明 ad杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的 →prove vt..证明；检验；显示vi.证明是 →exception n.例外；异议 15 adopt 5.acknowledge Vt.采用，采取；表决采纳 t.承认（权威、地位；承认（属实；（公开）感湖 领养，收养ⅵ.领养，收养 →acknowledgement n.承认；确认：感谢 →adopted adi.被收养的；被采用的 → adoption n.收养；采用 6 influential 16.comparison ad.有很大影响力的，有支配力的 n.比较；对比 →influence n.影响；势力；感化； →compare v.比较，对比： 有影响的人或事Vt.影响 与…类似：将.….比作 7.financial 17.violently adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地 ad.财政的，金融的，财务的 →violence n.暴力；暴行 →finance n.金融；财经 →violent ad.暴力的；猛烈的 8.depart 18.freeze vi.&vt.离开，起程 vi.&vt.(froze,.frozen)突然停止，呆住： 结冰；冻僵 →departure n.离开，起程 → freezing adj..冰点以下的，结冰的： 不 极冷的；（露、雨）冻的n.冰点 9.shortage frozen ad.冻结的；冷酷的 n.不足，短缺 19.bleed →short ad,短的；不足的；矮的，低的 vi.(bled,bled)失血，流血 →shorten vt.缩短；减少；变短vi.缩短；变短 →blood n.血，血液；血统 →bleeding n.出血：港色 10.subsequent 20.memorial n.纪念碑（或像等）：纪念物 ad.随后的，后来的 →memorize vt..记住，背熟；记忆 subsquently adv.随后，其后；后来 memory n.记忆.记忆力： 内存，【计】存储器：回忆 专题03Unit3重点单词短语句型 1.broaden 背重点○ 背写作佳句 vt.vi. 1)broaden one's horizons拓宽某人的视野 1Traveling abroad can broaden your horizons and enrish your life experience. 变密；扩大；增长 (应用文写作之追议值/熙行生胸) 2)broadly speaking大体上说 粥长 2Broadly speaking,the more you read,the wider your range of knowledge will be. 3)breadth n.宽度；广泛 (应用文写作之议论文/现点表) 4)broad adj宽阔的，广泛的 3 The course is designed to broaden students'understanding of different cultures. (应用文写作之课程介铝/椎特信) 2.convince 背重点 背写作佳句 t 1)convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 1I am fully convinced that hard work is the key to success. 使確估，使相售 2)convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 (应用文写作之鸡点蒸运/脑态名 说服，助说 2He tried to convince his parents of his ability to take care of himself. 3)be convinced that...深信…；坚信 (应用文写作之议值/长适西】 4)convincing adj.有说服力的；使人倍服的 3 Her argument was so convincing that everyone present agreed with hee 读后续写之场/人描写) 3.harmonious 背重点● 背写作佳句 adj. 1)harmonious relations关系醜洽 DIt is important to build a harmonious relationship with our classmates and teachers 友纡和壁的： 2)harmonious society和谐杜会 (应用文写作之建议值/校同生语) 协调的，和通编 2 The whole family lived together in perfect harmony.supporting each other through 3)in harmony with与…协调 di什liculties..(演后生写之东题/齐垂楼可) 4)live in perfect harmony十分和聰地一起生活 3Human beings should learn to live in harmony with nature to ensure a sustainable future..(应用文写作之倡议书/怀保主题) 4.dismiss 背重点 背写作佳句 t 1)dismiss sth.as把某事当作. …不子理会 DShe dismissed the thought of giving up from her mind and continued to fight for her 不予考虑；去除 2)dismiss sth.from one's mind拒绝考虑某事 解雇；解敞 3)dismiss sb.from sth.把某人从…解寇 responsilnitty,(爸用定球发之西另命片/第崔晒) 4)be dismissed from school/job Don't just dismiss his sugge estion as useless;it might actually work. 被学搜开腕/接工侔单他解窟 (应用文写作之建议倍/现点表) 5.influentia 背重点 背写作佳句 adj. 1)an influential figure有影响力的人物 DMy mother has been the most influential person in my life,shaping who I am today. (应用文写作之人物介佰/隱瑚信) 有很大影纳力的 2)be influential in在.…方面有影响力 2Under the influence of his teacher,he developed a lifelong passion for literature. 有支配力的 3)have an influence on对…有彩响 (读后峡写之成长/影响描写) under the influence of在-的影晌下 ③Social media has a p werful influence on young people's values and behavior (应用文写作之议论文/现跟分桥) 6.available 背重点● 背写作佳句 adj. 1)be/become available to sb. ①I am available for an interview at your earliest convenience,(应用文写作之求职信/伯青信) 对某人来总是可使用的/可获得的 可获得的。 be available to do sth.可供使用做某事 Pleaselet me know if you are available to attend the meeting next Friday. 有史的 (应用文写作之递请信/遇知) 3) make sth.available使某物可利用/可获得 3 The library has made a wide range of online resources available to all students the only room available唯-可用的房间 应用文写作之学校介/通知) 7.shift 背重点● 背写作佳句 n.改变，转移；轮班 1)a shift in sth.某方面的转变 Din recent years.there has been a dramatic shift in people's Vi.&vt.(使)移动， 2)shift...from...to..把.-从…移动/搬到 attitude towards environmental protection.(应用文写作之议论文/现象分折) 2 She shifted her attention from the noise outside to the book in her hands (使)转移；改变 3)shift one's ground改变某人的立场 (诚后螺写之超生0调围海) 4)be on the day/night shift上白班/夜班 ③Afte the nie ght shift for a month,he was completely exhausted (读后埃写之状态指写 专题03Unit3重点单词短语句型 单元短语) (注：带※为高频考点，橙色高亮) 序号 短语（英文） 中文释文 助记插画（示意图） 1 sort out... 理顺，整理；把安排好 2 by/in comparison with... 与.…相比 3 be packed with... 挤满，塞满… ※4 pack up 把打包；收拾（行李到 5 contrary to... 与.相反 ※6 on the contrary 与此相反；怡恰相反 1 in uniform 身穿制服 8 dive into the river 跳入河里 9 freeze to death;be frozen to death 冻死 10 in the meanwhile/meantime 在此期间；与此问时 11 in chaos 混乱，纷乱 12 bleed to death 流血而死 13 hatch a plot 策划阴谋 14 pray for.… 祈祷.…；企盼 ※15 on the day shift 上白班 16 insist on/upon(doing)sth 坚决要求；坚持说… 17 a shortage of funds 资金不足 ※18 in (a)panic 惊愤地 食单元佳句 句式：asis/was the case(with/in) Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many (这是经常的事/通常情况下/也一样) challenges along the way-as was the case with the explorer 【教材例句】 Christopher Columbus. (凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此 句式：主语（表无生命的事物） His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration,a +see/find/witness+宾语 period which witnessed many important geographical findings (经历/发生/见证/目睹了.…) (他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地理发现的时朋 [教材例句】 句式：where引导地点状语从句 Today,the USS *Arizona*lies where it sank:in the middle of [教材例句】 the Pacific Ocean. (如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还位于当年沉船的位置：在太平洋的中央。) 专题03Unit3 单元语法：表语从句 表语从句：在复合句中充当表语的从句，位于系动词之后， 对主语进行说明、解释或使主语内容具体化。 【观察例句】 【归纳用法】 1.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 一、表语从句的概念 2.The book is not what I need. ● 隶属于名词性从句，结构为主语+系动词+表语从句。 3.That is why she failed to pass the exam. 可接表语从句的系动词：be,look,remain,seem等。 4.The trouble is that we have no money. 5.The argument is whether it rains tomorrow. 二、引导表语从句的关联词 类别 常见词 三、各类关联词的具体用法 8 连词 that,whether,as if,as though,because 1.连词that,whether引导 (主句主语多为抽象名词：question,.trouble,, problem等) 3连接代词 what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever, whoever,whomever,whichever -The trouble is (that)he has lost his money. -The question is.whether we need more ice cream. 连接副词 when,where,why,how 2.连词because,asif,as though引导 -It looked as if it was going to snow. 四、使用注意事项 That's because we never thought of it. ①that一般不可省略（非正式文体中偶尔可省）。 3.连接代词引导（在从句中担当成分】 ②虚拟语气：主语为suggestion/proposal等名词时， -The question is which of us should go 从句用“(should)+动词原形”。 That's what we should do. My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow. 3 because.与why的区别： 4.连接副词引导（在从句中作状语】 -because(强调原因)： -That's why he got angry with me That's because he missed the bus. -It's where you left it. -why(强调结果)： That's why he was late. 【插画元素】 （书本） (灯泡，象征“解释说明”) (连接词符号) 专题03 Unit4重点单词短语 ☆一、核心单词 preserve t 维护，保护，保存；维持 道 urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的 3 ruin vt. 破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁 incredible adj. 极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的 violence 0 暴力，暴行；狂热，激情 conflict n. (军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致 冲突，抵触 internal adj. 内部的；国内的 890123体 ※outcome n. 结果，效果 米assess vt. 评估，评定；估算 collapse vi. 倒塌，坍塌；昏倒 昏倒；倒塌 suspend vt. 暂停；悬，挂 incident n. 事件；冲突 cooperation n 合作，协作；协助，配合 forecast t 预测，预报 (forecast,forecast: forecasted,forecasted) n. 预测，预报 vt. 打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断 interrupt N 打扰，插嘴 intense adj. 很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的 pursue vt. 追求，致力于，执行；追逐 submit vt.vi. 提交，呈递；屈服 emerge vi. 出现；暴露；露头 明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 ban vt. n. 禁令 ●● 专题03 Unt4重点单词短语 单词拓展 awe Vt.使惊叹，使敬畏n.敬畏，惊叹 awesome ad令人敬畏的；使人畏惧的； 可怕的；极好的 urgent ad紧急的，紧迫的； urgency n.紧急；催促 催促的，急切的 incredible ad.极好的，极大的； incredibly adw.令人难以置信地 不能相信的，难以置信的 violent ad.暴力的；猛烈的 violence n.暴力，暴行；狂热，激情 violently adv.猛烈地；剧烈地 specialist n. 专家；专科医生ad,专业的→ special ad.特别的；专门的；特殊的 assess vt.评估，评定；估算 → assessment n.评定；评估 consultation n.咨询，商讨；就诊 consult vt.咨询；请教；商量；查阅 8 division n.分歧；分开，分隔 divide v.分割；划分；分配 architect n.建筑师；设计师 architecture n.建筑学；建筑设计 operate V.工作；运转；操作 10 operator n.操作人员，技工；接线员 operation n.手术；运转 cooperation n.合作，协作；协助，配合 cooperate i.合作，配合；协力 2 interrupt t.打扰，插嘴；使曹停， interruption n.打扰；插嘴 使中断ⅵ.打扰，插嘴 3 conservation n.保护；保持 conserve vt.保护：保存 4 reserve n.自然保护区；储备 reservation n.预约，预订；保留 t.预订；预留；保留 primitive ad.简随的，落后的： primitively adw.最初地；原始地 原始的，远古的 16 assign vt.指定，指派； assignment n.分配；任务 分配；确定 17 wool n. 毛织物；羊毛 woollen/woolen ad,毛纺的：羊毛的 18 expansion n.扩展，扩大，膨胀 expand v.扩展，扩大，增加 19 entry n.进入；参与，加入；参赛 enter vt.进入 专题03Unt4 重点单词短语句型 1 aWen.敬畏，惊叹t,使惊叹，使敬畏 背重点 背写作佳句 1 Standing on the top of the mountain,we gazed in awe 1)in awe惊叹地；敬畏地 at the magnificent sunset.(读后续写之环境/心理描写) 2)be/stand in awe of对……敬畏 2 I have always been in awe of my mother,who has 3)fill sb.with awe让某人敬畏 overcome countless difficulties.(应用文写作之人物介绍) 4)awesome adj.令人惊叹的 3 The first time I visited the Great Wall,I was filled with awe by its grandeur.(应用文写作之游记) preserve v.维护，保护，保存；维持 背重点 背写作佳句 1)preserve.from(doing)sth.保护.…免受 1 It is our duty to preserve the environment for future generations.(环保主题) 2)preserve sth..for.为…保存 2 These traditional customs have been well preserved 3)be well preserved受保护 in the village for centuries.(文化介绍) 4)preserve peace/environment维护和平/环境 She wrapped the gift to preserve it from being damaged.(读后续写之动作描写) 3 rge vt..催促；极力主张n.强烈的欲望，， 冲动 背重点 背写作佳句 1)urge sb.to do sth.力劝某人做某事 1 I urge all students to take part in environmental activities.(倡议书) 2)urge that..(should)do…主张 She felt a sudden urge to run away,but she stood 3)have an urge to do sth.有欲望做某事 her ground.(心理描写) 4)urgent adj.紧急的 The teacher urged that students(should)develop reading habits.(建议倌) 4 pursue vt.追求，致力于；追逐 背重点 背写作佳句 1)pursue one's dream追求梦想 1 I will never give up pursuing my dream however difficult it is..(励志表达) 2)pursue one's career as从事-职业 He decided to pursue a career as a doctor to help 3)pursue progress追求进步 others.(职业规划) 4)be pursued by被…追逐 The thief was hotly pursued by the police into the alley.(动作描写) 5 emerge vi.出现；暴露；露头 背重点 背写作佳句 1)emerge from从…出现 The sun emer rged from behind the clouds,warming 2)emerge as作为…露头 the valley.(环境描写) 2 It emerged that he saved three children before the 3)It emerged that.事已清楚… firefighters arrived.(新闻报道) 4) the emergence of…的出现 3 China has emerged as a key player in global economy.(成就介绍) 6 initiative n.倡议，新方案；主动性 背重点 背写作佳句 1)take the initiative in doing sth.主动做某事 1 You should take the initiative in solving problems. (建议倌) 2)on one's own initiative主动地 3)seize/八ose the initiative握/丧失先机 He helped the old lady on his own initiative.(善行描写) 3 The Belt and Road Initiative promoted global 4)the Belt and Road Initiative"一带-路 cooperation.(议论文) ban vt..明令焚止n.禁令 背重点 背写作佳句 1)ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 1 恩 The government will ban smoking in public places. (新闻报道) 2)be banned from被禁止… 3)a ban on对…的禁令 3 Students are banned from using phones in class. (校规说明) 4)impose/lift a ban颁布/解除禁令 5)同义：prohibit,/forbid sb.from doing 3 There should be a strict ban on plastic bags to reduce pollution.(环保建议) 专题03 Unit4 、 (期末知识清单) ★单元短语 (注：标※为核心重点短语) 1. be suspended from one's job s 某人被停职。 2. divide...into... ① 把.…分成0 3. in cooperation with... 与.…合作。 4.set/put...in motion o 让…动起来。 ※5.vote for/against 投票支持/反对。 VOTE 6.reserve...for... 画 把.专门留给0 7. without reservation 毫无保留地。 8.in my humble opinion 依拙见。 9.pursue one's dream 追求梦想。 10. submit oneself to... 向…屈服；不得已接受. 11.wear and tear @ (正常使用造成的)磨损，损耗。 12.at the top of the agenda 自 居首要地位，当务之急。 13.the more...the more likely... 越.……，越有可能.… ※14.at the thought of 可 一想到。 15.specialize in... 目目 专攻…，专门研究…。 16.give an accurate assessment of... ® 对做出准确评估。 17.in consultation with... 88 和…磋商。 18.in awe 敬畏地。 19. .preserve peace 维护和平。 ※20.in urgent need of. 急需… 食单元佳句 (句式+教材例句+翻译) 句式结构 教材例句 中文翻译 that引导 There was no guarantee that it would 不能保证这个方法会奏效， 同位语从句 work,since no one had attempted 因为此前没有人进行过类似☆ anything similar before. 的尝试。 平 it seems to ...it seems to be only the beginning of …这似乎只是丝绸之路（申遗） do sth. the road for the Silk Road... 的前奏.… with复合结构 ..with the routes network reaching as 路网甚至延伸到了 far as the Roman Empire. 罗马帝国。 专题03Unit4 单元语法一一 同位语从句 ●● 定义：同位语从句是名词性从句，用于对前面的抽象名词作进一步说明和解释，揭示该名词的具体内容。 【观察例句】 【归纳用法】 1.He made a proposal that the meeting be postponed 一、 同位语从句的概念 (他提议会议推迟。) ·对前面的名词作说明，构成同位关系。 2.There is no doubt that he will keep his promise ·常见抽象名词：doubt,.fact,message,proof,opinion, (他会信守承诺，这一点毫无疑问。) hope,idea,belief,conclusion,suggestion, 3.The question who was to blame has proposal,.news,decision,word(消息)等。 never been settled. (谁该负贵的问题从未解决。) 二、各类关联词引导的同位语从句 4.Report has it that the princess is ①that引导（无词义，不作成分，不可省略 getting married this year. There was little hope that he would survive. (有报谐怖公主今年将结婚。) (他幸存的希望很小。) We came to the decision that we must act at once (我们决定必须立即行动。) 三、同位语从句与先行词的分隔 (从句不紧跟名词，避免头重脚轻) ②whether引导（表“是否”，不可用it替换'） He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there The news got about that the firm was closing down. (他尚未决定是否去那里。) (消息传开说公司要倒闭了。) I have a small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. Word came that he had been abroad. (据说他已在国外。) (我有点怀疑他是否适合这份工作。) ③连接代词引导(what/who/which等， 在从句中作主语/宾语/表语) I have no idea what he is doing now (我不知道他现在在做什么。) 四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ④连接副词引导(when/where/why/how等 区别点 同位语从句 定语从句 在从句中作状语) Q作用 说明名词的具体内容 修饰名词的特征 I have no idea when he will be back. （是什么) (什么样的) (我不知道他何时回来。) C2that的作用 连词，不作成分 关系代词，作主语 不可省略 宾语，宾语可省略 雕引导词 that/whether/what/when that/which/who/when (关系代词/副词) 对比示例： 例句 从句类型 判断依据 The news that he won the prize is true. g 同位语从句 that不作成分，内容是“消息”的具体内容 The news that he told me is true 定语从句 that作told的宾语，修饰“消息 五、使用注意事项 1.that不可省略（与定语从句不同）。 2.if不能引导同位语从句，表“是否”用whether。 3.虚拟语气：当名词为suggestion/proposal/order/advice等时，从句用“(should+-)动词原形”。 He made a proposal that the meeting(should)be postponed. 4.常用名词：fact,news,idea,hope,belief,,doubt,conclusion,,suggestion,word(消息)等。