专题01 Unit 4 知识清单(含必备知识结构图&即时训练&单元词汇记忆表)-2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020选择必修第三册)

Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites (译林版2020选择必修第三册) I. 必备知识结构图 II. 必备单词默写清单 1. ________ vt. 破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭n. 毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁 2. ________ n. (军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi. 冲突，抵触 3. ________ adj. 内部的；国内的 4. ________ n. 结果，效果 5. ________ n. 计划，方案；议程表，议事日程 6. ________ n. 钉子；指甲vt. 固定 7. ________ n. 专家咨询组，讨论小组；嵌板；仪表盘 8. ________ vi. 倒塌，坍塌；昏倒n. 昏倒；倒塌 9. ________ n. 建筑师；设计师 10. ________ n. 事件；冲突　 11. ________ vt. 预测，预报n. 预测，预报 12. ________ n. 保护；保持 13. ________ n. 提议，动议；运动；动作 14. ________ vt. & vi. 投票，表决n. 选票；投票 15. ________ n. 壮丽，雄伟 16. ________ adj. 很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的 17. ________ adj. 简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的 18. ________ vt. 使感到谦卑，使感到自惭adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的 19. ________ vt. 追求，致力于，执行；追逐 20. ________ vi. 出现；暴露；露头 21. ________ n. 一批，一连串，一系列；线；弦 22. ________ n. 倡议，新方案；主动性 23. ________ adv. 在(或去)别处 【答案】 1. ruin 2. conflict 3. internal 4. outcome 5. agenda 6. nail 7. panel 8. collapse 9. architect 10. incident 11. forecast 12. conservation 13. motion 14. vote 15. splendour 16. intense 17. primitive 18. humble 19. pursue 20. emerge 21. string 22. initiative 23. elsewhere 根据汉语提示或者首字母提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1. I think it would be a good idea to b________ smoking in parks. 【答案】ban/an 【详解】考查动词。句意：我认为在公园里禁烟是个好主意。ban doing sth.禁止做某事。不定式to后接动词原形。根据首字母提示及句意，故填ban。 2. In 2006, the rabbits’ digging caused some land ________(倒坍), and killed a substantial number of penguins. 【答案】to collapse 【详解】考查动词。句意：2006年，兔子的挖掘导致一些土地塌陷，并导致大量企鹅死亡。“倒坍”应用动词collapse，且此处用cause sb./sth. to do表示“导致某人/某物做某事”，因此用collapse的不定式形式，作宾语补足语。故填to collapse。 3. The building was completely ________(破坏) by a sudden fire. 【答案】destroyed/damaged/ruined 【详解】考查动词。句意：这栋大楼被一场突如其来的大火完全破坏了。根据汉语提示“破坏”可知，此处应用动词destroy/damage/ruin，且与主语The building之间为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前的was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填destroyed/damaged/ruined。 4. The two nations have been engaged in c________ over territorial boundaries for decades. 【答案】conflicts/onflicts/conflict/onflict 【详解】考查名词。句意：这两个国家在领土边界问题上的冲突已经持续了几十年。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意和所给首字母，应是conflict意为“冲突”，为可数名词，此处单复数皆可。故填conflicts或者conflict。 5. ________(遗产) is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. 【答案】Heritage 【详解】考查名词。句意：遗产是我们从过去继承下来的，是我们今天所拥有的，也是我们要传给后代的东西。“遗产”作主语，用名词heritage，结合系动词is可知，主语是单数名词；句首单词首字母大写。故填Heritage。 6. The match took nearly three hours and was ________(使中断) at times by rain. 【答案】interrupted 【详解】考查动词。句意：比赛进行了将近三个小时，不时因雨而中断。根据汉语提示可知应用动词interrupt，与主语构成被动关系，根据was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填interrupted。 7. ________(原始的) tools, like stone axes and wooden spears, helped early humans hunt animals and build simple shelters. 【答案】Primitive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：原始工具，如石斧和木矛，帮助早期人类狩猎动物和建造简单的庇护所。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“原始的”应用primitive，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Primitive。 8. Environmental damage threatens the whole of c________(文明). 【答案】civilization/ivilization 【详解】考查名词。句意：环境破坏威胁着整个文明。介词of后接名词作宾语、根据中英文提示及句意可知，此处使用名词civilization，作宾语，为不可数名词。故填civilization。 9. Continuous failures have completely ________(摧毁) her hopes for happiness. 【答案】destroyed/ruined 【详解】考查动词及时态。句意：续的失败完全摧毁了她对幸福的希望。根据汉语提示“摧毁”，英文为destroy/ruin，动词作谓语。根据空前的助动词have可知，本句为现在完成时，动词用过去分词。故填destroyed/ruined。 10. I have been told that these seats are ________(保留) for teachers. 【答案】reserved 【详解】考查动词。句意：我被告知这些座位是为老师保留的。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词reserve。these seats与reserve为被动关系，应用过去分词，与are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填reserved。 11. The ancient temple and other cultural relics are well ________(保护). 【答案】preserved 【详解】考查语态。句意：古老的寺庙和其他文化遗迹保存完好。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词preserve, other cultural relics与preserve为被动关系，应用过去分词，与are构成一般现在的被动语态。故填preserved。 12. He is perfectly intelligent, but he lacks i________ in his study. 【答案】initiative/nitiative 【详解】考查名词。句意：他非常聪明，但在学习上缺乏主动性。根据单词首字母以及句意“主动性”可知，应填名词initiative，作宾语，此时initiative为不可数名词。故填initiative。 13. The Belt and Road ________(倡议) aims to enhance global trade by building infrastructure among participating countries. 【答案】Initiative 【详解】考查名词。句意：“一带一路”倡议旨在通过在参与国之间建设基础设施来促进全球贸易。根据汉语提示“倡议”以及前文the Belt and Road可知，此处应用名词initiative，单数形式，大写首字母，构成专有名词the Belt and Road Initiative，作主语。故填Initiative。 14. She was devoted to p________ a career in medicine. 【答案】pursuing/ursuing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：她致力于追求医学事业。根据单词首字母及句意可知，此处应为pursue意为“追求”，根据She was devoted to”可知应填动名词形式，作宾语，be devoted to doing意为“致力于做某事；献身于某事”可知，此处使用动名词形式。故填pursuing。 15. Faced with challenges, she always takes the i________(主动权) to step forward, rather than waiting for guidance. 【答案】initiative/nitiative 【详解】考查名词。句意：面对挑战，她总是主动向前迈进，而不是等待指导。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据所给中文提示词和首字母，应是initiative意为“主动权”。故填initiative。 III. 核心单词拓展拔高 1. ________ vt. 使惊叹，使敬畏n. 敬畏，惊叹→________ adj. 令人惊叹的   2. ________ adj. 国民的；国家的；民事的 →________ vt. 使文明；教化→________ adj. 文明的；有礼貌的→________ n. 文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界  3. ________ vt. 维护，保护，保存；维持→________ n. 保护，维护 4. ________ adj. 紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的→________ n. 紧迫→________ adv. 紧急地→________ v. 督促，力劝  5. ________ adj. 极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的→________ adv. 难以置信地；极其 6. ________ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的→________ n. 暴力，暴行；狂热，激情→________ adv. 激烈地；厉害地； 暴力地  7. ________ n. 专家；专科医生adj. 专业的 →________v. 专供……，专门研究  8. ________ v. 工作；运转；给……做手术；操作→________ n. 操作人员，技工；接线员→________ n. 手术；运转 9. ________ vt. 评估，评定；估算→________ n. 评估， 评价，评定→________ n. 顾问； 估价员 10. ________ vt. 查阅；商量；向……请教→________ n. 咨询，商讨；就诊→________ n. 顾问 11. ________ vt. 暂停；悬，挂→________ n. 暂停，暂缓；悬浮 12. ________ vt. 打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断vi. 打扰，插嘴→________ n. 打扰； 插嘴； 阻断物 13. ________ v. (使)分开，分隔；使产生分歧；除以→________ n. 分歧；分开，分隔 14. ________ v. 合作，协作；协助，配合→________ n. 合作，协作；协助，配合  15. ________ vt. & vi. 提交，呈递；屈服→________ n. 投降，服从；提交 16. ________ n. 自然保护区；储备vt. 预订；预留；保留→________ n. 预订，预约 17. ________ vt. 指定，指派；分配；确定→________ n. 分配；任务；作业 18. ________ n. 毛织物；羊毛→________ adj. 羊毛的，毛料的 19. ________ vt. &vi. 扩张；发展； 膨胀→________ n. 扩展，扩大，膨胀→________ adj. 扩充的，展开的  【答案】 1. awe; awesome  2. civil; civilize; civilized; civilization 3. preserve; preservation 4. urgent; urgency; urgently; urge 5. incredible; incredibly 6. violent; violence; violently 7. specialist; specialize 8. operate; operator; operation 9. assess; assessment; assessor 10. consult; consultation; consultant 11. suspend; suspension 12. interrupt; interruption 13. divide; division 14. cooperate; cooperation 15. submit; submission 16. reserve; reservation 17. assign; assignment 18. wool; woollen 19. expand; expansion; expanded 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1. There is an ________(urge) need to take the victim to the hospital at once. 【答案】urgent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：需要立即将受害者送往医院。设空处需要使用urge的形容词urgent作定语修饰名词need，表示“紧急的”。故填urgent。 2. There are ________(current) around 1,100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide. 【答案】currently 【详解】考查副词。句意：目前在全球160多个国家约有1100个站点。此处为副词作时间状语，current的副词为currently意为“目前”符合句意。故填currently。 3. This was the one prediction I hadn’t taken into consideration, though ________(logical) I should have. 【答案】logically 【详解】考查副词。句意：这是我没有考虑的一个预测，尽管从逻辑上讲我应该考虑。句子主干完整，此处用副词logically修饰整个句子，作状语。故填logically。 4. At last she told me that I should face the ________(real) bravely and grasp the opportunity immediately. 【答案】reality 【详解】考查名词。句意：最后她告诉我，要勇敢面对现实，马上把握机会。提示词作宾语，用名词reality，意为“现实”，不可数名词。故填reality。 5. I was ________(constant) trying to figure out what time it was suitable to go back home. 【答案】constantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我一直在想什么时候回家最合适。空格处用副词修饰动词trying，constant的副词是constantly，意为“持续不断地”。故填constantly。 6. ________(conserve) of forests is essential to protect wildlife, reduce pollution, and ensure clean air for future generations. 【答案】Conservation 【详解】考查名词。句意：保护森林对于保护野生动物、减少污染和为子孙后代确保清洁的空气至关重要。作主语用名词conservation，不可数，首字母大写。故填Conservation。 7. The ________(operate) told me that all the lines were engaged. That’s why I couldn’t get through to you. 【答案】operator 【详解】考查名词。句意：接线员告诉我所有的线路都在忙。这就是为什么我打不通你的电话。提示词作主语，根据句意可知，指“接线员”，用可数名词operator，结合句意，此处为特指的接线员。故填operator。 8. According to the professor studying insect movements, the mass ________(migrate) of monarch butterflies remains a mystery. 【答案】migration 【详解】考查名词。句意：根据研究昆虫运动的教授的说法，帝王蝶的大规模迁徙仍然是一个谜。根据空前的the mass可知，空处应用名词，作主语。migration意为“迁徙”。故填migration。 9. Since its founding in 2004, the cultural fair has seen a continuous ________(expand) in its exhibition scale, visitor number and degree of internationalization. 【答案】expansion 【详解】考查名词。句意：自 2004 年创办以来，这个文化博览会在展览规模、参观人数以及国际化程度方面都不断扩大。作动词的宾语，应用名词expansion，不定冠词提示用单数。故填expansion。 10. Her heart beat ________(violence) when she received the letter. 【答案】violently 【详解】考查副词。句意：她收到信时心跳得很厉害。分析句子可知，空处应为副词，作状语修饰动词“beat”。故填violently。 11. The company plans to hire more ________(consult) for good development. 【答案】consultants 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：公司计划雇更多的顾问以促进良好的发展。根据hire可知，这里表示雇更多顾问，应用consultant，意为“顾问”，为可数名词。空前有more，空处应用名词复数consultants作宾语。故填consultants。 12. Just last year, I was conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excused the ________(interrupt) and handed me an envelope. 【答案】interruption 【详解】考查名词。句意：就在去年，我正在举办一场研习班时，有人敲响了教室的门。一位女士为打断我们而致歉，然后递给我一个信封。空处作excused的宾语，空前有定冠词the，应用interrupt的名词形式interruption，意为“打断，打扰”。故填interruption。 13. The decision reportedly caused the ________(divide) between the two women. 【答案】division 【详解】考查名词。句意：据报道，这一决定导致了两名女性的分裂。空格处用作宾语，应用名词division“分裂”，是不可数名词。故填division。 14. The success of the match depended on the ________(cooperate) of all the players. 【答案】cooperation 【详解】考查名词。句意：比赛的成功取决于所有球员的合作。此处作depend on的宾语，使用名词cooperation“合作”。故填cooperation。 15. The farmer and his neighbors decided to establish a ________(cooperate) farm. 【答案】cooperative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：农民和他的邻居决定建立一个合作农场。设空处修饰名词farm，应用形容词作定语，故填cooperative。 16. ________(wool) clothes often shrink when they are washed. 【答案】Woolen 【详解】考查形容词。句意：毛料衣服洗后经常缩水。由空后clothes为名词可知，此处为形容词形式作定语修饰该名词。故填Woolen。 IV. 重点短语默写清单 1. ________________ (使)磨损，(使)逐渐磨平  2. ________________ 面临  3. ________________ 故意地  4. ________________ (正常使用造成的)磨损  5. ________________ 被认为，被当作  6. ________________ 为了……的利益  7. ________________ 爆发  8. ________________ 大量的 9. ________________ 需要  10. ________________ 导致  11. ________________ 是……的家园  12. ________________ 参加  13. ________________ 由于，因为  14. ________________ 使……处于危险中  15. ________________ ……的要求  16. ________________ 以……为例  17. ________________ 一想到  18. ________________ 成形，有了模样  【答案】 1. wear down 2. be faced with 3. on purpose 4. wear and tear 5. be recognized as 6. for the benefit of 7. break out 8. a variety of/ a great deal of 9. in need of 10. lead to 11. be home to 12. participate in 13. due to 14. put. . . in danger 15. the demand for. . . 16. take. . . as an example 17. at the thought of 18. take shape 用方框内所给短语完成句子。根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。 be faced with, in need of, wear down, lead to, break out, on purpose, give rise to, wear and tear, be typical of, at the thought of 1. Bicycle parts are exposed to ________________ over time and you have to examine the bicycle to see if there are any signs of wearing such as scratches, dents, etc. 2. The steps ________________ over the years by all those passing feet. 3. I was full of joy ________________ seeing my best friends again. 4. She stayed awake ________________ until half past eleven to have a good look at the moon by herself. 5. They ________________ the problem whether they should carry on. 6. Heated arguments and cold silence can ________________ a breakdown in your relationship. 7. The climate of a place is the general weather conditions that ________________ it. 8. Thinking of all the people still ________________ help, Doctor Lin opened a private clinic. 9. As the quality of the city’s air continues to ________________ concerns, the residents are encouraged to set off fewer fireworks. 10. A major fire ________________ at Notre Dame, which dates back to the year of 1163. 【答案】 1. wear and tear 2. have been worn down 3. at the thought of 4. on purpose 5. are faced with 6. lead to 7. are typical of 8. in need of 9. give rise to 10. broke out 【解析】 1. 考查名词短语辨析。句意：自行车零件会随着时间的推移而磨损，你必须检查自行车是否有任何磨损迹象，如划痕、凹痕等。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词短语wear and tear，意为“磨损”，作介词to的宾语。故填wear and tear。 2. 考查谓语动词。句意：这些年来，那些路过的脚已经把台阶磨坏了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词短语wear down，意为“磨坏”，作谓语。句子有over the years作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，动词短语和句子主语The steps是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态结构，助动词用have。故填have been worn down。 3. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：一想到能再次见到我最好的朋友，我就充满了喜悦。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词短语at the thought of，意为“一想到”，作状语。故填at the thought of。 4. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：她故意一直不睡到十一点半，为了独自一人好好看月亮。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词短语on purpose，意为“故意”，作状语。故填on purpose。 5. 考查谓语动词。句意：他们面临着是否应该继续下去的问题。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词短语be faced with，意为“面临”，作谓语。这句话描述的是现在的情况，谓语用一般现在时，主语是They，be动词用are。故填are faced with。 6. 考查谓语动词。句意：激烈的争论和冷漠的沉默会导致你们的关系破裂。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词短语lead to，意为“导致”，作谓语，空格前面有情态动词can，动词用原形。故填lead to。 7. 考查谓语动词。句意：一个地方的气候是典型的一般天气条件。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词短语be typical of，意为“典型的”，作谓语。这句话描述的是现在的情况，谓语用一般现在时，主语that是指代先行词weather conditions，be动词用are。故填are typical of。 8. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：考虑到所有仍需要帮助的人，林医生开了一家私人诊所。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词短语in need of，意为“需要”，作后置定语。故填in need of。 9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着城市空气质量继续引起人们的担忧，居民们被鼓励减少燃放烟花爆竹。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词短语give rise to，意为“造成”。空格前面有动词不定式符合to，后面用动词原形。故填give rise to。 10. 考查谓语动词。句意：圣母院发生了一场大火，这场大火可以追溯到1163年。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词短语break out，意为“发生”，作谓语。这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填broke out。 V. 课文重点句型应用 1. If条件状语从句的省略 ________________, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.  如果是这样,你们可能已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织努力保护对人类具有重要意义的文化和自然遗址。 2. It+be+adj.+that... Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year, ________________________________.  每年有大量游客到联合国教科文组织世界遗产地旅游,因此这些遗产地日渐磨损是很自然的。 3. the+比较级...,the+比较级... The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, ________________________________.  我们越是承认我们的遗产具有突出的普遍价值,我们就越有可能尊重它们。 4. It is/was...that/who...强调句型 ________________________________ we cannot help but be humbled, come to understand our limitations as human beings, and know that our duty is to protect them for future generations.  正是在这样的地方,我们不得不谦卑,开始认识到我们作为人类的局限性,并知道我们的责任是为子孙后代保护它们。 5.连词while表示转折 China’s exports included silk, china and tea, ________________________________.  中国的出口商品包括丝绸、瓷器和茶叶，而马、羊毛、棉花和葡萄都是沿着丝绸之路网长途进口的。 6. It seems to be... This made history in its own way as the first successful multinational World Heritage application —and ________________________________, as other countries are also planning World Heritage applications for other sections of the network. 这用它自己的方式创造了历史,成为第一个成功的跨国世界遗产申请——这似乎只是丝绸之路申遗方式的开始,因为其他国家都在计划为这个贸易路网的其他部分申请世界遗产。 【答案】 1. If so 2. so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear 3. the more likely we are to treat them with respect 4. It is in places like these that 5. while horses, wool, cotton and grapes were all imported over vast distances along the network 6. it seems to be only the beginning of the road for the Silk Road 完成句子 1. 从这扇窗户望出去，这座山的南麓是树的海洋。 (过去分词短语作状语) ________________, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 【答案】Seen from the window 【详解】考查过去分词。表示“从这扇窗户”的介词短语为from the window；表示“望”的动词为see，动词see与其逻辑主语the south foot of the mountain之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母应大写，故填Seen from the window。 2. 这似乎不是他在学金融的时候第一次经历地震。(seem) ________________ the first time he ________________ earthquake while ________________ in America. 【答案】It didn’t seem to be; had experienced an; learning finance 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。第一个空涉及到句型：It was the first time sb. had done sth.，第一个空用过去完成时态。earthquake是可数名词，其发音以元音音素开头。前面要用不定冠词an。故第一个空填had experienced an。主语he和learn之间是主动关系。根据从句省略原则，该处用现在分词learning。故第二空填learning finance。 3. 正是因为对中国文明的浓厚兴趣，很多外国人喜欢中国书法。 (强调句型) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is due to/because of their strong interest in the Chinese civilization that many foreigners like Chinese calligraphy. 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、强调句型。表示“因为”用固定短语due to/because of。表示“他们对中国文明的浓厚兴趣”用their strong interest in the Chinese civilization，作due to/because of的宾语；due to/because of their strong interest in the Chinese civilization作原因状语。表示“很多外国人”用many foreigners，作主语。表示“喜欢”用like，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语many foreigners为复数，谓语用动词原形。表示“中国书法”用Chinese calligraphy，作like的宾语。结合题目要求此处用强调句“it be+被强调部分+that+其它”，句子时态用一般现在时，故系动词用is。被强调部分为原因状语due to/because of their strong interest in the Chinese civilization。故翻译为It is due to/because of their strong interest in the Chinese civilization that many foreigners like Chinese calligraphy. 4. 我参加过几次类似的活动，使我获得了相关经验。(现在分词短语作结果状语) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I have participated in several similar activities, enabling me to obtain relevant experience. 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。主语为I；表示“参加”短语为participate in，表示对现在的影响或结果，为现在完成时；表示“几次类似的活动”为several similar activities；表示“使能够”短语为enable sb. to do sth.，此处为现在分词短语作结果状语，故表示“使我获得了相关经验”翻译为enabling me to obtain relevant experience。故翻译为I have participated in several similar activities, enabling me to obtain relevant experience. 5. 尽管加速通过黄灯能省点时间，但这种行为很可能引发严重的交通事故。(While) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】While speeding through a yellow light might save a little time, this behavior is likely to result in a serious traffic accident. 【详解】考查状语从句。句子应用while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”；“加速通过黄灯”英文表达为speed through a yellow light，从句中作主语，speed需要使用动名词形式；“能省点时间”英文表达为might save a little time；“这种行为”英文表达为this behavior；“很可能”英文表达为be likely to；“引发严重的交通事故”英文表达为result in a serious traffic accident。故翻译为While speeding through a yellow light might save a little time, this behavior is likely to result in a serious traffic accident. 6. 显然，迫切的是政府需要采取一些切实可行的措施，禁止人们破坏我们的环境。(it作形式主语，prohibit) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Apparently/Obviously, it is urgent that the government (should) take some practical measures to prohibit people from destroying our environment. 【详解】考查虚拟语气和固定短语。“显然”为apparently或obviously，它修饰句子作状语；“迫切的”是urgent；“政府”是government；“切实可行的”是practical；“采取一些措施去做某事”是take some measures to do sth，“禁止人们做某事”为prohibit sb from doing sth；“破坏我们的环境”是destroy our environment；使用主语从句的形式翻译，it作形式主语，从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词为should+动词原形，should可以省略，故翻译为：Apparently, it is urgent that the government (should) take some practical measures to prohibit people from destroying our environment.或者Obviously, it is urgent that the government (should) take some practical measures to prohibit people from destroying our environment. 7. 如果这样的话，你是怎样应对它们的呢？(if so) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If so, how do you deal with them? 【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。“如果这样的话”用if so表达，为if it is so省略了it is；句子陈述目前的情况，用一般现在时，表示“怎样”用特殊疑问词how引导特殊疑问句，表示“应对”用deal with。结合其他汉语提是，故翻译为If so, how do you deal with them? 6. 在我看来，人们越感兴趣，他们获得的知识就越多。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In my opinion, the more interested people are, the more knowledge they will get. 【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。“在我看来”可翻译为in my opinion，为介词短语；“越……，就越……”可用固定句型“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”表示，前面句子表示条件，应用一般现在时，后面句子表示结果，应用一般将来时；“感兴趣”可表示为interested，其比较级为more interested；“知识”可表示为knowledge，表示“更多的知识”应用more knowledge。故本句可翻译为：In my opinion, the more interested people are, the more knowledge they will get. VI.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading Heritage sites face a variety of dangers, many of 1.________ are in urgent need of protection. They are at risk from long-term natural forces that can 2.________(gradual) wear down heritage sites. Another big danger is human activities. Wars can cause much damage to heritage sites. Meanwhile, millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year, so it is only natural 3.________ the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear. Due to human population growth, the demand for production and consumption of goods 4.________(increase).Widespread development puts our cultural and natural heritage sites 5.________ danger. Many heritage sites are even at risk of 6.________(be) lost forever. Such dangers can have 7.________(disaster) outcomes not only for the sites themselves, but also for people. The 8.________(much) we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, the more likely we are 9.________(treat) them with respect. We all share a joint 10.________(responsible) to protect and preserve them, not just for ourselves, but for future generations. 　　 【答案】 1. which 2. gradually 3.that 4. increases 5. in 6. being 7. disastrous 8. more 9. to treat 10.responsibility 2. Extended reading The Silk Road was a network of trade routes 1.________(connect) China and the Far East with the Middle East and Europe. 2.________(establish)when the Han Dynasty in China 3.________(official) opened trade with the West in 130 BCE, the Silk Road routes remained 4.________ use until the 16th century. Although it’s been nearly 600 years since the Silk Road 5.________(use)for international trade, the routes had a lasting impact on commerce, culture and history that resonates even today.  The Silk Road may have formally opened up trade between the Far East 6.________ Europe during the Han Dynasty, 7.________ ruled China from 206 BCE to 220 CE Han Emperor Wu sent imperial ambassador Zhang Qian 8.________(make)contact with cultures in Central Asia in 138 BCE, and his reports from his journeys conveyed valuable 9.________(inform)about the people and lands that lay to the West. But the transport of goods and services along these routes 10.________(date)back even further.  【答案】 1. connecting 2. Established 3. officially 4. in 5. was used 6. and 7. which 8. to make 9. information 10.dates 附:单元词汇记忆表 *heritage n. 遗产　 awe vt. 使惊叹，使敬畏n. 敬畏，惊叹　 civilization　(also civilisation) n. 文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界 preserve vt. 维护，保护，保存；维持　 urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的　 wear down(使)磨损，(使)逐渐磨平 *pyramid n. 金字塔　 ruin vt. 破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭n. 毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁 incredible adj. 极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的　 clay n. 黏土，陶土 sculpture n. 雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术　 missile n. 导弹 violence n. 暴力，暴行；狂热，激情 conflict n.(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi. 冲突，抵触　 civil adj. 国民的；国家的；民事的 *status n. 身份，地位；状况，情形 wear and tear(正常使用造成的)磨损，损耗　 internal adj. 内部的；国内的　 outcome n. 结果，效果 *reef n. 礁，礁脉　 *coral n. 珊瑚adj. 珊瑚色的 ecology n. 生态，生态学 agenda n. 计划，方案；议程表，议事日程　 *pagoda n. 佛塔　 nail n. 钉子；指甲vt. 固定　 panel n. 专家咨询组，讨论小组；嵌板；仪表盘　 specialist n. 专家；专科医生adj. 专业的 assess vt. 评估，评定；估算 collapse vi. 倒塌，坍塌；昏倒n. 昏倒；倒塌　 consultation n. 咨询，商讨；就诊　 suspend vt. 暂停；悬，挂 division n. 分歧；分开，分隔　 *dam n. 水坝 　 architect n. 建筑师；设计师 operator n. 操作人员，技工；接线员　 incident n. 事件；冲突 cooperation n. 合作，协作；协助，配合　 forecast vt. (forecast, forecast; forecasted, forecasted) 预测，预报n. 预测，预报 interrupt vt. 打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断vi. 打扰，插嘴　 conservation n. 保护；保持 motion n. 提议，动议；运动；动作 vote vt. & vi. 投票，表决n. 选票；投票　 canal n. 运河 *migration n. 迁徙，迁移，移居 *legacy n. 遗产　 splendour　(AmE splendor) n. 壮丽，雄伟　 reserve n. 自然保护区；储备vt. 预订；预留；保留 basin n. 盆地；洗脸盆；盆；流域 intense adj. 很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的　 primitive adj. 简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的 humble vt. 使感到谦卑，使感到自惭 adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的　 *corridor n. 走廊，地带；通道 pursue vt. 追求，致力于，执行；追逐 submit vt. & vi. 提交，呈递；屈服 emerge vi. 出现；暴露；露头 assign vt. 指定，指派；分配；确定 take shape 成形，有了模样 string n. 一批，一连串，一系列；线；弦 wool n. 毛织物；羊毛 cotton n. 棉织物；棉，棉花 cave n. 山洞，洞穴 *Buddhist adj. 佛教的n. 佛教徒 expansion n. 扩展，扩大，膨胀 initiative n. 倡议，新方案；主动性 milestone n. 重要阶段，里程碑 equator n. 赤道 showcase n. 展示的场合；玻璃柜台 elsewhere adv. 在(或去)别处 entry n. 进入；参与，加入；参赛 fee n. 费；报酬 ban vt. 明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事n. 禁令　 ( 13 / 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites (译林版2020选择必修第三册) I. 必备知识结构图 II. 必备单词默写清单 1. ________ vt. 破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭n. 毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁 2. ________ n. (军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi. 冲突，抵触 3. ________ adj. 内部的；国内的 4. ________ n. 结果，效果 5. ________ n. 计划，方案；议程表，议事日程 6. ________ n. 钉子；指甲vt. 固定 7. ________ n. 专家咨询组，讨论小组；嵌板；仪表盘 8. ________ vi. 倒塌，坍塌；昏倒n. 昏倒；倒塌 9. ________ n. 建筑师；设计师 10. ________ n. 事件；冲突　 11. ________ vt. 预测，预报n. 预测，预报 12. ________ n. 保护；保持 13. ________ n. 提议，动议；运动；动作 14. ________ vt. & vi. 投票，表决n. 选票；投票 15. ________ n. 壮丽，雄伟 16. ________ adj. 很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的 17. ________ adj. 简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的 18. ________ vt. 使感到谦卑，使感到自惭adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的 19. ________ vt. 追求，致力于，执行；追逐 20. ________ vi. 出现；暴露；露头 21. ________ n. 一批，一连串，一系列；线；弦 22. ________ n. 倡议，新方案；主动性 23. ________ adv. 在(或去)别处 根据汉语提示或者首字母提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1. I think it would be a good idea to b________ smoking in parks. 2. In 2006, the rabbits’ digging caused some land ________(倒坍), and killed a substantial number of penguins. 3. The building was completely ________(破坏) by a sudden fire. 4. The two nations have been engaged in c________ over territorial boundaries for decades. 5. ________(遗产) is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. 6. The match took nearly three hours and was ________(使中断) at times by rain. 7. ________(原始的) tools, like stone axes and wooden spears, helped early humans hunt animals and build simple shelters. 8. Environmental damage threatens the whole of c________(文明). 9. Continuous failures have completely ________(摧毁) her hopes for happiness. 10. I have been told that these seats are ________(保留) for teachers. 11. The ancient temple and other cultural relics are well ________(保护). 12. He is perfectly intelligent, but he lacks i________ in his study. 13. The Belt and Road ________(倡议) aims to enhance global trade by building infrastructure among participating countries. 14. She was devoted to p________ a career in medicine. 15. Faced with challenges, she always takes the i________(主动权) to step forward, rather than waiting for guidance. III. 核心单词拓展拔高 1. ________ vt. 使惊叹，使敬畏n. 敬畏，惊叹→________ adj. 令人惊叹的   2. ________ adj. 国民的；国家的；民事的 →________ vt. 使文明；教化→________ adj. 文明的；有礼貌的→________ n. 文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界  3. ________ vt. 维护，保护，保存；维持→________ n. 保护，维护 4. ________ adj. 紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的→________ n. 紧迫→________ adv. 紧急地→________ v. 督促，力劝  5. ________ adj. 极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的→________ adv. 难以置信地；极其 6. ________ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的→________ n. 暴力，暴行；狂热，激情→________ adv. 激烈地；厉害地； 暴力地  7. ________ n. 专家；专科医生adj. 专业的 →________v. 专供……，专门研究  8. ________ v. 工作；运转；给……做手术；操作→________ n. 操作人员，技工；接线员→________ n. 手术；运转 9. ________ vt. 评估，评定；估算→________ n. 评估， 评价，评定→________ n. 顾问； 估价员 10. ________ vt. 查阅；商量；向……请教→________ n. 咨询，商讨；就诊→________ n. 顾问 11. ________ vt. 暂停；悬，挂→________ n. 暂停，暂缓；悬浮 12. ________ vt. 打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断vi. 打扰，插嘴→________ n. 打扰； 插嘴； 阻断物 13. ________ v. (使)分开，分隔；使产生分歧；除以→________ n. 分歧；分开，分隔 14. ________ v. 合作，协作；协助，配合→________ n. 合作，协作；协助，配合  15. ________ vt. & vi. 提交，呈递；屈服→________ n. 投降，服从；提交 16. ________ n. 自然保护区；储备vt. 预订；预留；保留→________ n. 预订，预约 17. ________ vt. 指定，指派；分配；确定→________ n. 分配；任务；作业 18. ________ n. 毛织物；羊毛→________ adj. 羊毛的，毛料的 19. ________ vt. &vi. 扩张；发展； 膨胀→________ n. 扩展，扩大，膨胀→________ adj. 扩充的，展开的  用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1. There is an ________(urge) need to take the victim to the hospital at once. 2. There are ________(current) around 1,100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide. 3. This was the one prediction I hadn’t taken into consideration, though ________(logical) I should have. 4. At last she told me that I should face the ________(real) bravely and grasp the opportunity immediately. 5. I was ________(constant) trying to figure out what time it was suitable to go back home. 6. ________(conserve) of forests is essential to protect wildlife, reduce pollution, and ensure clean air for future generations. 7. The ________(operate) told me that all the lines were engaged. That’s why I couldn’t get through to you. 8. According to the professor studying insect movements, the mass ________(migrate) of monarch butterflies remains a mystery. 9. Since its founding in 2004, the cultural fair has seen a continuous ________(expand) in its exhibition scale, visitor number and degree of internationalization. 10. Her heart beat ________(violence) when she received the letter. 11. The company plans to hire more ________(consult) for good development. 12. Just last year, I was conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excused the ________(interrupt) and handed me an envelope. 13. The decision reportedly caused the ________(divide) between the two women. 14. The success of the match depended on the ________(cooperate) of all the players. 15. The farmer and his neighbors decided to establish a ________(cooperate) farm. 16. ________(wool) clothes often shrink when they are washed. IV. 重点短语默写清单 1. ________________ (使)磨损，(使)逐渐磨平  2. ________________ 面临  3. ________________ 故意地  4. ________________ (正常使用造成的)磨损  5. ________________ 被认为，被当作  6. ________________ 为了……的利益  7. ________________ 爆发  8. ________________ 大量的 9. ________________ 需要  10. ________________ 导致  11. ________________ 是……的家园  12. ________________ 参加  13. ________________ 由于，因为  14. ________________ 使……处于危险中  15. ________________ ……的要求  16. ________________ 以……为例  17. ________________ 一想到  18. ________________ 成形，有了模样  用方框内所给短语完成句子。根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。 be faced with, in need of, wear down, lead to, break out, on purpose, give rise to, wear and tear, be typical of, at the thought of 1. Bicycle parts are exposed to ________________ over time and you have to examine the bicycle to see if there are any signs of wearing such as scratches, dents, etc. 2. The steps ________________ over the years by all those passing feet. 3. I was full of joy ________________ seeing my best friends again. 4. She stayed awake ________________ until half past eleven to have a good look at the moon by herself. 5. They ________________ the problem whether they should carry on. 6. Heated arguments and cold silence can ________________ a breakdown in your relationship. 7. The climate of a place is the general weather conditions that ________________ it. 8. Thinking of all the people still ________________ help, Doctor Lin opened a private clinic. 9. As the quality of the city’s air continues to ________________ concerns, the residents are encouraged to set off fewer fireworks. 10. A major fire ________________ at Notre Dame, which dates back to the year of 1163. V. 课文重点句型应用 1. If条件状语从句的省略 ________________, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.  如果是这样,你们可能已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织努力保护对人类具有重要意义的文化和自然遗址。 2. It+be+adj.+that... Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year, ________________________________.  每年有大量游客到联合国教科文组织世界遗产地旅游,因此这些遗产地日渐磨损是很自然的。 3. the+比较级...,the+比较级... The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, ________________________________.  我们越是承认我们的遗产具有突出的普遍价值,我们就越有可能尊重它们。 4. It is/was...that/who...强调句型 ________________________________ we cannot help but be humbled, come to understand our limitations as human beings, and know that our duty is to protect them for future generations.  正是在这样的地方,我们不得不谦卑,开始认识到我们作为人类的局限性,并知道我们的责任是为子孙后代保护它们。 5.连词while表示转折 China’s exports included silk, china and tea, ________________________________.  中国的出口商品包括丝绸、瓷器和茶叶，而马、羊毛、棉花和葡萄都是沿着丝绸之路网长途进口的。 6. It seems to be... This made history in its own way as the first successful multinational World Heritage application —and ________________________________, as other countries are also planning World Heritage applications for other sections of the network. 这用它自己的方式创造了历史,成为第一个成功的跨国世界遗产申请——这似乎只是丝绸之路申遗方式的开始,因为其他国家都在计划为这个贸易路网的其他部分申请世界遗产。 完成句子 1. 从这扇窗户望出去，这座山的南麓是树的海洋。 (过去分词短语作状语) ________________, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 2. 这似乎不是他在学金融的时候第一次经历地震。(seem) ________________ the first time he ________________ earthquake while ________________ in America. 3. 正是因为对中国文明的浓厚兴趣，很多外国人喜欢中国书法。 (强调句型) ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我参加过几次类似的活动，使我获得了相关经验。(现在分词短语作结果状语) ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 尽管加速通过黄灯能省点时间，但这种行为很可能引发严重的交通事故。(While) ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 显然，迫切的是政府需要采取一些切实可行的措施，禁止人们破坏我们的环境。(it作形式主语，prohibit) ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 如果这样的话，你是怎样应对它们的呢？(if so) ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 在我看来，人们越感兴趣，他们获得的知识就越多。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ VI.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading Heritage sites face a variety of dangers, many of 1.________ are in urgent need of protection. They are at risk from long-term natural forces that can 2.________(gradual) wear down heritage sites. Another big danger is human activities. Wars can cause much damage to heritage sites. Meanwhile, millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year, so it is only natural 3.________ the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear. Due to human population growth, the demand for production and consumption of goods 4.________(increase).Widespread development puts our cultural and natural heritage sites 5.________ danger. Many heritage sites are even at risk of 6.________(be) lost forever. Such dangers can have 7.________(disaster) outcomes not only for the sites themselves, but also for people. The 8.________(much) we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, the more likely we are 9.________(treat) them with respect. We all share a joint 10.________(responsible) to protect and preserve them, not just for ourselves, but for future generations. 　　 2. Extended reading The Silk Road was a network of trade routes 1.________(connect) China and the Far East with the Middle East and Europe. 2.________(establish)when the Han Dynasty in China 3.________(official) opened trade with the West in 130 BCE, the Silk Road routes remained 4.________ use until the 16th century. Although it’s been nearly 600 years since the Silk Road 5.________(use)for international trade, the routes had a lasting impact on commerce, culture and history that resonates even today.  The Silk Road may have formally opened up trade between the Far East 6.________ Europe during the Han Dynasty, 7.________ ruled China from 206 BCE to 220 CE Han Emperor Wu sent imperial ambassador Zhang Qian 8.________(make)contact with cultures in Central Asia in 138 BCE, and his reports from his journeys conveyed valuable 9.________(inform)about the people and lands that lay to the West. But the transport of goods and services along these routes 10.________(date)back even further.  附:单元词汇记忆表 *heritage n. 遗产　 awe vt. 使惊叹，使敬畏n. 敬畏，惊叹　 civilization　(also civilisation) n. 文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界 preserve vt. 维护，保护，保存；维持　 urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的　 wear down（使）磨损，（使）逐渐磨平 *pyramid n. 金字塔　 ruin vt. 破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭n. 毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁 incredible adj. 极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的　 clay n. 黏土，陶土 sculpture n. 雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术　 missile n. 导弹 violence n. 暴力，暴行；狂热，激情 conflict n.（军事）冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi. 冲突，抵触　 civil adj. 国民的；国家的；民事的 *status n. 身份，地位；状况，情形 wear and tear（正常使用造成的）磨损，损耗　 internal adj. 内部的；国内的　 outcome n. 结果，效果 *reef n. 礁，礁脉　 *coral n. 珊瑚adj. 珊瑚色的 ecology n. 生态，生态学 agenda n. 计划，方案；议程表，议事日程　 *pagoda n. 佛塔　 nail n. 钉子；指甲vt. 固定　 panel n. 专家咨询组，讨论小组；嵌板；仪表盘　 specialist n. 专家；专科医生adj. 专业的 assess vt. 评估，评定；估算 collapse vi. 倒塌，坍塌；昏倒n. 昏倒；倒塌　 consultation n. 咨询，商讨；就诊　 suspend vt. 暂停；悬，挂 division n. 分歧；分开，分隔　 *dam n. 水坝 　 architect n. 建筑师；设计师 operator n. 操作人员，技工；接线员　 incident n. 事件；冲突 cooperation n. 合作，协作；协助，配合　 forecast vt. (forecast, forecast; forecasted, forecasted) 预测，预报n. 预测，预报 interrupt vt. 打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断vi. 打扰，插嘴　 conservation n. 保护；保持 motion n. 提议，动议；运动；动作 vote vt. & vi. 投票，表决n. 选票；投票　 canal n. 运河 *migration n. 迁徙，迁移，移居 *legacy n. 遗产　 splendour　(AmE splendor) n. 壮丽，雄伟　 reserve n. 自然保护区；储备vt. 预订；预留；保留 basin n. 盆地；洗脸盆；盆；流域 intense adj. 很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的　 primitive adj. 简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的 humble vt. 使感到谦卑，使感到自惭 adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的　 *corridor n. 走廊，地带；通道 pursue vt. 追求，致力于，执行；追逐 submit vt. & vi. 提交，呈递；屈服 emerge vi. 出现；暴露；露头 assign vt. 指定，指派；分配；确定 take shape 成形，有了模样 string n. 一批，一连串，一系列；线；弦 wool n. 毛织物；羊毛 cotton n. 棉织物；棉，棉花 cave n. 山洞，洞穴 *Buddhist adj. 佛教的n. 佛教徒 expansion n. 扩展，扩大，膨胀 initiative n. 倡议，新方案；主动性 milestone n. 重要阶段，里程碑 equator n. 赤道 showcase n. 展示的场合；玻璃柜台 elsewhere adv. 在（或去）别处 entry n. 进入；参与，加入；参赛 fee n. 费；报酬 ban vt. 明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事n. 禁令　 ( 9 / 9 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$