专题02 选择性必修第三册Unit1～Unit2（图片版知识清单）高二英语下学期译林版

专题02Unit1 ★一、 核心单词 浮号 单词及词性 释义（下划线部分为重点） 截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的； distinct adj 清楚的，清晰的 **territory n. (细拿大)地区；领土，领地；领域 生 carve vt. 侵蚀，冲刷；雕，刻 mighty adj. 巨大的，非凡的；强而有力的 5 splendid adj. 社丽的，雄伟的；极佳的，非常好的 6 urban adj. 城市的，城镇的 88 ancestor n. 祖宗，祖先；原种 8 minority n. 少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人 文 (事物)有活力的；动态的，发展变化的； dynamic adj 充满活力的 10 sample vt./n. 尝，品尝，体验；抽样检验(t); 样本，样品；取样(n.) ★二、单词拓展 序号 原词及拓展 词性与释义 1 **unfold vt.*&"vi.**fold vt. 开花；展开，打开；展示，展现一 折叠；对折 *minority n.→*minor adj..→ 少数民族；少数群体→较小的； 2 **major adj./vi.**majority n 次要的一主要的；主修→大多数 *depth n.→t*deep adj. 最深处；深度→深的；深厚的 **surrounding adj.-*surround v. 周围的，附近的→包围；围镜→环藐 →*surroundings n. 5 **harmony n.**harmonious adj. 融洽，和睦；和造→和谐的 **manner n.-**manners n. 方式，方法；举止→礼稳 重点单词短语 号 单词及词性 depth n. 12 welfare n. 13 accommodation n. harmony n 15 sustain vt. 16 q manner n. consumption n 安 elegant adj. 19 @ *resolution n. 20 "possession n 序号 原词及拓展 7 **consumption n.-**consume v **starve vi.*&'vt.**starvation r 8 →*starving adj 9 **departure n. →*depart v. 10 *parking n.→*park v. 11 **possession n.**possess v. 12 **intently adv.-**intent adj. 释义（下划线部分为重点） 最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚 幸福，福祉；福利 住处 融洽，和睦；和谐 使保持，使稳定持续；维持 方式，方法；举止；礼貌 消耗，消耗量；消费 雅致的，精美的；优美的，文雅的 决心，决定；决议；解决 私人物品，个人财产；具有，拥有 老词 词翻史化 网 词性与释义 消耗，消耗量；消费→ 消耗；消费 (使)挨饿，（使）饿死一 挨饿；饿死→饥饿的；挨饿的 离开，起程→离开；起程；背离 停车；停车位一停放； 把…停在路池 私人物品，个人财产；具有，拥有一 具有，拥有 热切地，专注地一 热切的，专注的 专题02Unit1重点单词短语 unfold 、背重点 背写作佳句 1 As the story unfolded,I gradually understood the vi.&vt. 1)unfold before呈现在-面前 pain hidden behind his smile..(读后镂写之情节发展/ 展开，打开； 2)unfold.…to将（以前保密的事情） 心理描写) 展示，展现 告诉… 2 She gently unfolded the letter and began to read, 透露 3)as the story unfolds随着故事的展开 tears welling up in her eyes..(读后续写之动作描写) fold v.折叠；交叉；倒闭 3The beautiful scenery unfolded before us like a living painting.(读后镂写之环境描写) distinct 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be distinct from与…不同 1There was a distinct change in his attitude when he adj. 2)quite distinct全然不同的 realized what he had done wrong..(诿后线写之心理/ 截然不同的； 3)make a distinction区分开来； 态度变化描写) 清楚的，清晰的 区别对待 2 The two cultures are distinct from each other,yet 4)make no distinction同等对待； both have their own charm.(应用文写作之文化对比) 3 As a teacher,she makes no distinction between 不作区别 students from different backgrounds..(应用文写作之 5)have the distinction of以…而闻名 人物介绍/表扬稿) urban 背重点■ 背写作佳句 1)urban areas/districts/centers DThe gap between urban and rural areas has been adj. T议论g0 irecentyears.应用文写作之 城市的 城市地区/地区/中心 城镇的 2)urban planning/population/living 2 Living in urban centers offers convenience,but 城市规划/人口/生活 rura lifeprovides peaceand quiet.应用文写作之 利跸分析/观点表达) 3)urban facilities市政设施 3The government has taken measures to improve 4)rural areas农村地区（对比词汇） urban facilities and the quality of life for citizens. (应用文写作之新间报道/倡议书) accommodation 背靈点 背写作佳句 The university provides comfortable ac n.住处；住宿，膳宿 提供宿 for all interational students..(应用文写作之学校介绍/ 2)campus accommodation学校宿舍 通知》 3)student accommodation学生宿舍 2It took her a while to accommodate herself to the ent after moving to the city.(映后写之 田田田业 4)accommodate v.容纳；适应； 为…提供食宿 3During my stay there,my host family generously 田正 5)accommodate (oneself)to accommodated me with a room of my own.(应用文写作之 使…适应… 感谢信) surrounding 背重点 背写作佳句 1)surrounding area/environment DThe lake,surrounded by green mountains,looks adj. 网图地区/环境 like a shining pearl(读后埃写之环境写) 周围的，附近的 2)be surrounded by/with 2He looked around at his new surroundings,feeling 被…包围/环统 both excited and nervous..(读后接写之心理/环境描写) 3)surroundings n.环境 3To succeed,you should surround yourself with 4)surround oneself with喜欢结交.-/ people who inspire and support you.(应用文写f作之 喜欢身力总有+· 建议信/励志表达) consumption 背重点 背写作佳句 1)energy/.fuel consumption能源/燃料消耗 1Reducing energy consumption is one of the most 2)water/electricity consumption effective ways to protect our environment..(应用文 写作之侣议书/环保主) 消耗，消耗量； 水/电消耗 mass consumption大众满酱 2 He was consumed with guilt after realizing the 消费 domestic consumption圈内消费 consequences of his actions..(读后娱写之心理描写) consume v.消耗；吃；喝； 使充（强烈的怒惰） ntial for m taining good hea th.(应用文写作之 建议信/健康主题) possession 背重点了 背写作佳句 ① After the fire, 1)take possession of占有；拥有 she lost almost all h n.私人物品，个人财产； t her family was safe. 后写之 2)in one's possession为某人所有 难不率描写 具有，拥有 3)come into possession of He took posse sion of the ol key an opened 动作 erious box with trembling hands..(后接写之 占有，拥有 4)personal possessions私人物品 3To succeed in life.one must possess not only knowledge 5)possess vt.控制；拥有；具有 but also the courage to face challenges..(应用文写作之 建议信/励志表达) 专题02 Unt1重点单词短语句型 Q★单元短语 1. in harmony with... 12.make up 与…和谐；与…协调 构成，形成 in a...manner 13.in a/the minority 以…方式/方法 占少数 3. come down to 14.bring about 可归结为，可归纳为 带来；引起 A. news items 15. come as no surprise 新闻 不足为奇，毫不奇怪 ※5.make one's way to 画 16. provide accommodations for... (艰难地)前往，行进 为…提供膳宿 b antique shop/store 17.be surrounded by/with.. 古玩店 被…环绕/包围 品 1. a piece/an article of furniture 18. starve to death 一件家具 饿死 a 8. tower above/over 19. parking lot 大大高出（附近的人或物）】 停车场 薄 9. beat down 20.a bunch of... (阳光)强烈照射，曝晒 一群；一束；一串 10.in/by contrast 21.take possession of... 相比之下 占领，夺取 11.be distinct from... 22. go hiking 与…不同 去远足：去徒步旅行 ◆单元佳句 句式：介词短语置于句首的完全倒装 【教材】To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains. 太平洋海岸向东耸立着巍峨的落基山脉… while.用作并列连词 【教材】The major ethnic groups,for example,include the English,Scottish and French,while the minority groups include residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands. 例如，主要的族群包括英格兰人、苏格兰人和法国人，而少数族裔包括来自新加坡和太平洋岛屿的居民。 句式：It was(not)+一段时间+before. 【教材】It wasn't long before we were surrounded by enormous sand dunes towering above us on all sides. 不一会儿，我们就被四周高耸的巨大沙丘包围住。 句式：独立主格结构 【教材】In the distance,elephants were eating grass,.ears flapping lazily as they moved slowly over the plains. 远处，大象正在吃草，耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着，在平原上缓缓移动 句式：强调句型 【教材】It was then that I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a tree a few metres away and eating a banana. 就在那时，我注意到一只灰色的小猴子坐在几米开外的树上，吃着一根香蕉。 专题02Unit1单元语法 调单元语法： 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句是对先行词或主句内容的补充说明，去掉后不影响主句的完整性，速常用 逗号与主句隔开，关系词不能用that,也不能省略。 @退察例句 1.Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook 2.Peter,whom you met in London,is now back in Paris. 3.The boy,whose hat is red,studies very hard. 4.He will come here tomorrow,when he will be free. 5.They went back to London,which was their hometown. 归纳用法 、 关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 引导的非限制性定语从句 My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no 1.who (指人，作主语) apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果了。 引导的非限制性定语从句 Mr.Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist. 2.whom (指人，作宾语) 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 The boy,whose father is an engineer,studies very hard 引导的非限制性定语从句 那个小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 3.whose (指人或物，作定语) The house,whose windows face north,belongs to him 窗子朝北的那个房子是他的。 (1)which:指代主句中的名词 These trees,which were planted by my father three years ago, 引导的非阳制雅定语从句 have grown up. 4.which (指物或整个主句，作 我父亲三年前种的树，已经长大了。 主语、宾语等) (2)which:指代整个主句 In the presence of so many people he was a little tense,which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有点据张，这是可以理解的 引导的非跟制性定透从句 As is known to the United States,Mark Twain is a great American writer 5.as (指代整个主句，位置 美国人都知谨，马克吐遇是一位伟大的美团作家。(s在从句中作主语) 灵语) He forgot to bring his pen with him,as was often the case 他忘了带笔，这是常事。(as在从句中作主语)》 二、 ‘介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 介词后关系代词主要有which、whom、whose。介词的选捍取决于与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配 They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿，没有它们产量会减少一半。 三、“名词/代词+of+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句 It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 现在它拥有两万公调土地，其中多于三分之二的土地已经耕种。 四、关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 1.when(指时间，作时间状语) 2.where(指地点，作地点状语) He will put off the picnic until May 1st,when he They went to London,where they lived for will be free. six months. 他将把那游推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空 他们去了它钦，在那儿待了六个月的时间 专题02 Unit2重点单词短语 核心单词 单词拓展 ①gravity n. 重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃 ①absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席→absent adj 缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 ）absence n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席 2 occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→ ③bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力 →occupied ad.已占用的；无空闲的；使用中的→ 某事)，打扰 →occupation n.工作；职业；占领；居住；使用 vi. 花费时间精力（做某事） n. 麻烦，困难 3 evaluate v.评估，估计，评价→evaluation n. 评价；估价 ☆ ④occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 X ④exposure n.面临，遘受；揭露；报道→expose v. ⑤mission n. 任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 使暴露；使显露；揭发；使（胶卷）曝米 ⑥evaluate vt.. 评估，估计，评价 ⑤visible ad.看得见的；明显的-invisible ad.看不见的 ⑦circumstance n. 条件，状况；境况，（尤指）经济状况 ⑥universe n.宇宙；天地万物universal ad.普谣的； ☆O⑧exposure n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道 全体的；全坐界的；共同的 o⑨visible ad. 看得见的；明显的 ⑦origin n.起源，起因，出身→original ad.起初的； 骨 ⑩luxury n. 原来的；首创的；独创的n.原著；原作 不常有的乐趣（或享受）；奢修品 1vital adj. 必不可少的，对…极重要的骑 ⑧frequency n.发生率，出现率；频聚；频率→frequent ad.频聚的-→frequently adv.频繁地 ● ②discipline vt.. 严格要求（自己）；您贸；训练 々 训练，纪律；行为难则；自制力 ⑨investment n.投资；投入→invest v.投资；投入3 事)permanenta. 永久的，永恒的 coverage n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 ☆P 1crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 →cover n.覆盖物；并面；施护物 v.覆盖；递盖；处理；涉及；包括 C ⑤orbit vt.&i 围绕…运动，沿轨道运行 n. (天体等运行的)轨道 )assistant n.助理，售货员，助教 金 6 administration n.行政部门；管理，行政 ad助理的，副的→assist v.帮助；援助 8⑦ comprise vt. 包括，包含；组成，构成 ②dust n.边.沙士，尘士，灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj ☆_foundationn. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 脏的 晶 ⑧ investment n. 投资；投入 3 constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 →constantly adv.固定地，不变地；连续 ○ 20 constant adj. 固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 独不断地，重复地 专题02Unit2重点单词短语 (期末知识清单) 1 absence n.缺乏，不存在；缺席 心背写作佳句 1.In the absence of strong evidence,the ☆背重点 police had to release the suspect (读后续写之推理/悬念描写) 1)during/in one's absence在某人不在的时候 2.His long absence from school worried his 2)in the absence of因缺乏 teachers,so they decided to visit his home. (应用文写作之情况说明) 3)absence from work/school缺勤/缺课 3.She tried to hide her sadness,but the X 4)be absent from缺席 absence of her usual smile told the truth (读后续写之心理/细节描写) occupy Vt.占用，使用；使忙于 ◇背写作佳句 ☆背重点 1.She occupied herself in preparing for the coming exam,ignoring all distractions. 1)occupy oneself (in)doing sth./with sth. (读后续写之动作/专注描写) 忙于（做）某事 2.With so many tasks occupying his mind, 2)occupy time,/room占用时间/空间 he found it hard to fall asleep. (谈后换写之心理描写) 3)be occupied(in)doing sth./with sth. 3. As a student,my main occupation is to 忙于（做）某事 acquire knowledge and develop my skills 4)occupation n.工作，职业 (应用文写作之自我介绍) 3 evaluate vt..评估，估计，评价 个背写作佳句 1.It is difficult to evaluate the impact of the ☆背重点 disaster until more information is available. 1)evaluate the costs of评估..的费用 (应用文写作之新间报道/分析) 2)evaluate one's ability评估某人的能力 2.Teachers should evaluate students not only by their grades but also by their 3)evaluate the value/quality of efforts and progress. 评估..…的价值/质量 (应用文写作之建议值/观点表达) 3.After careful evaluation.we decided to 4)evaluation n.评价；评估 accept the proposal (应用文写作之决定/汇报) 4 circumstance n.条件，状况；境况 。背写作佳句 ☆背重点 1.Under no circumstances should you give 1)in/under the circumstances在这种情况下； up when facing difficulties (应用文写作之建议值/励志表达) 既然如此 2)in/under no circumstances在任何情况下 2.She remained calm even under the most challenging circumstances. 窗卖 都不（位于句首时句子用部分倒装） (选后续写之人物性格描写) 3)under all circumstances无论如何 In the circumstances,he had no choice 4)social circumstances社会环境 but to tell the truth. (读后续写之心理块排描写) exposure n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道 背写作佳句 背重点 1. Long-term exposure to loud noise can cause permanent damage to one's hearing. 1)exposure to sth.级霧于；面临 (应用文写作之侣议书/退豪主题) 2)have a lot of exposure得到诸多报道 2. Exposed to the harsh sunlight for hours. 3)expose..to.…使…面临…： the travelers were completely exhausted. (读后续写之环境催/状志描写) 使…接由… 3. The documentary provided an exposure of 4)be exposed to暴m于.… the hidden truth behind the scandal. (应用文写作之新闻报道) 6 crucial adj.极其重要的；关键的 了背写作佳句 ☆背重点 1.Making the right decision at the right time is crucial to success.(应用文写作之观点表达) 1)crucial to sth.对.，至关重要 2.Education plays a crucial role in shaping 2)crucial for doing sth,对做某事很关键 our future.(应用文写作之议论文) 3)play a crucial role in在..中起关键作用 3.The first few minutes are crucial for 4)crucial decision关键的决定 building a good impression.(应用文写作 之观点补充/建议) 专题02Unit2重点单词短语句型 ◆ (期末知识清单)》 目单元短语 汝 1.be exposed to... 暴露于… a 2.in view of.. 鉴于，考虑到 ☆3.be of significance※有重大意义的 园 4.it is vital to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的 5.play a vital role in. 在…中发挥重要作用 C 6.discipline oneself 自我控制 立 7.at one's leisure 空闲时 0 8.during/in one's absence在某人不在的时候 因 9.be absent from... 缺席 88 10.be present at... 到场 0 11.bother to do sth. 费心做某事 12.be occupied (in)doing sth./with sth. 忙于（做）某事 亨 13.cast new light on..※使进-步了解 be busy (in)doing/with sth. be engaged in(doing)sth. ① )15.in//under no circumstances在任何情况下都不 engage oneself in(doing)sth. S 、17.originate from… 源于… 14.in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此 可 19.the motivation for(doing)sth.(做)某事的动机/原因 16.the origin of..※ …的来源 园 21.go far beyond.※远超出 18.motivate sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事 20.invest...in/on... 把…投入到… 单元佳句 句式：as引导让步状语从句 【教材】 Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 尽管地球上的景色美妙绝伦，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 句式：beof+抽象名词具有…特征或属性 【教材】 Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts'health. 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康是至关重要的。 It has been calculated that..(it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语) 【教材】 It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. d 据统计，全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 the+序数词+（名词+）不定式 【教材】 ...Yuri Gagarin became the first man to journey into outer space. …尤里·加加林成为进入外太空旅行的第一人。 专题02Unit2单元语法 ★单元语法：主语从句★ […J 象定义：在复合句中充当主语的从句， 位于谓语动词前。为避免头重脚轻，常用形式主语t后置真正主语从句。 【观察例句】 What he wants is a new bicycle That the earth moves around the sun is known to all. Whether we will hold a party in the open air next week is uncertain Whoever wants to enter into this school must take the exam. 3It was reported that no country was under the terrorist attack. 【归纳用法】 一、主语从句的构成 三、用t作形式主语的主语从句 由关联词+简单句构成，在复合句中充当主语 句型结构 常用词举例 例句 ☆t+be+形容词+hat纵句 obvious,certain, It is certain that she will 二、引导主语从句的关联词 possible do well in exams. 类型 黛用词 作用 例句 ǚ t+be+名词词组+that从句 a pity,no wonder, ·lr's a pity that we an honour can't go. 从属连词 ·That they were 无成分， sisters was clear It+be+过去分词+that从句 said,reported, It is reported that China thet. G为D whether announced sent a new satellite. 无词义/表“是否 ·Whether he'Il come isn't clear. ·It seems that Alice t+不及物动词+that从句 won't come. seem,happen It happened that 连接代词 Whoever comes who,what, I was out. 作主语、宾语 is welcome. which, doesn't matter, ·It doesn't matter whoever等 表语成定语 What she did is t+固定搭配+从句 unknown. makes no difference whether she comes Is it true that the scientist 连接副词 How this happened 疑问句中 will give a lecture? where,when, 作状语 is unclear. how,why When the meeting 感叹句中 ·How strange it is that starts is unknown. the children are quiet! 四、使用注意事项 ①形式主语it:主语从句 ②that的省略：句首不 自连接代词位置：只能 主句谓语动词数：一般用 较长时，用t置于句首 可省，句末口语中可省。 位于句首。 第三人称单数：what引导时 从句后置. 依句意判断。 It is possible that he →That he was ill →Who broke the →What they make has stolen the car. yesterday is known now. glass is unknown. are TV sets.