专题01 Unit 2 知识清单(含必备知识结构图&即时训练&单元词汇记忆表)--2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020选择必修第三册)

Unit 2 Out of this world (译林版2020选择必修第三册) I. 必备知识结构图 II. 必备单词默写清单 1. ________ n. 宇航员，航天员 2. ________ vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi. 花费时间精力(做某事)n. 麻烦，困难 3. ________ n. 任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 4. ________ n. 动物，生物；人 5. ________ n. 条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，(尤指)经济状况 6. ________ adv. 此外，再者 7. ________ n. 全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队 8. ________ adv. 完全；总共；总之 9. ________ vt. & vi. 围绕……运动，沿轨道运行n.(天体等运行的)轨道 10. ________ vt. 包括，包含；组成，构成 11. ________ vt. & vi. 扫描；细看；浏览 n. 扫描检查；快速查阅 12. ________ n. 资金，财源；钱包 13. ________ n. 故事；讲述，叙述 14. ________ n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 15. ________ n. 居所，住处；庇护vt. 保护，掩蔽vi. 躲避 16. ________ adj. 核能的，原子能的；核武器的 根据汉语提示或者首字母提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1. Loss of mum’s company ________(投射) a shadow over his character development when he was young. 2. Your personal ________(环境) are equally important. 3. Alaskan Eskimos believe that every living ________(生物) has a spirit that deserves their respect.   4. The bacteria were then examined under the m________. 5. But Beiwei Kaishu is ________(濒危的), Chan says. That’s why he’s on a ________(使命) to digitize it and save it. 6. I found something large f________(漂浮) in the sea about a mile away from the shore. 7. Many people, some of whom weren't overweight at all, were always going on a diet or taking weight-loss p________(药片). 8. They v________ the challenges as chances for growth. 9. On the whole, people miss the opportunity to enjoy ________(空闲，闲暇). 10. We are not sure when the ________(宇宙)came into being. 11. An a________ is a scientist who studies the objects in the sky, including planets, black holes and stars. 12. Some students hide their faces in their hands m________(仅仅) because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. 13. That drone that ________(包含)parts produced by different countries can’t work smoothly. 14. If you want to put up a stand to sell barbecue in the open air, you should apply to the ________(行政部) at first. 15. He described it as an extraordinarily ________(复杂的) and distant tale. 16. When the journey ended, Zac’s adventure received widespread media c________. III. 核心单词拓展拔高 1. ________ adj. 缺席的 →________ n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席 2. ________ vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→________ adj. 忙于……的；被占用的→________ n. 工作，职业；消遣；占用 3. ________ vt. 评估，估计，评价→________ n. 评价 4. ________ v. 维持，保持→________ n. 维护，保养；维持，保持 5. ________ v. 揭露；使暴露于→________ n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道 6. ________ adj. 看得见的；明显的→________ adj. 看不见的→________ n. 能见度 7. ________ n. 不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 →________ adj. 奢侈的 8. ________ adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 →________ adv. 绝对，极其 9. ________ vt. 严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n. 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 →________ adj. 遵守纪律的 10. ________ n. 闲暇，空闲 →________ adj. 有空的，悠闲自在的 11. ________ adj. 永久的，永恒的 →________ adv. 长久地，永久地 →________ n. 永久 12. ________ n. 宇宙，天地万物→________ adj. 普遍的；全世界的；共同的 13. ________ adj. 至关重要的，关键性的→________ adv. 关键地 14. ________ adj. 仅仅的→________ adv. 仅仅，只不过 15. ________ v. 创建→________ n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 16. ________ n. 起源，起因；出身→________ adj. 原先的，最初的；独创的；原作的，真迹的→________ adv. 原先地，最初地；独创地；原作地，真迹地 17. ________ adj. 频繁的→________ adv. 频繁地→________ n. 发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 18. ________ n. 原因，动机，目的→________ v. 成为……的动机；激励→________ n. 动机，动力，诱因 19. ________ v. 投资→________ n. 投资；投入 20. ________ vt. 计算，核算；预测→________ n. 计算；预测→________ n. 计算器 21. ________ v. 协助→________ n. 助理；售货员；助教adj. 助理的，副的→________ n. 援助 22. ________ adj. 可信的，可靠的→________ adj. 极好的；难以置信的→________ adv. 极其，极端地；令人难以置信 23. ________ n. 沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→________ adj. 布满灰尘的 24. ________ adj. 固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的→________ adv. 持续不断地；经常地 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1. While the math problem was ________(incredible) difficult, John managed to wok it out. 2. The expressway, with an ________(invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year. 3. It ________(calculate) that the world’s population may increase slowly in the coming years. 4. At the debate, students held different ________(view) on the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. Both sides tried very hard to persuade each other. 5. We could solve students’ common eye problems by ensuring sufficient ________(expose) to nature. 6. The school pays for heating and the ________(maintain) of the buildings. 7. Scientists worry that ________(expose) of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful. 8. There are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the ________(absent) of new technology. 9. With teaching ________ her mind, she cares less what is not related to her ________. (occupy) 10. Shock absorbers have set up in the cities with a high ________(frequent) of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives. 11. The ________(original) of the world remains unclear. 12. She works as an ________(assist) to the manager. 13. Scientists are ________(constant) developing new technologies to push the social development process forward. 14. If a picture or document ________(scan) into a computer, a machine passes a beam of light over it to make a copy of it in the computer. 15. I decided to try to find planets ________(orbit) other stars like the sun. 16. The collection ________(comprise) of 327 paintings so far. IV. 重点短语默写清单 1. ________________ 使进一步了解……  2. ________________ 在这种情况下;既然如此  3. ________________ 鉴于,考虑到  4. ________________ 显而易见的  5. ________________ 为……打下基础  6. ________________ 结束  7. ________________ 与……不同  8. ________________ 由于,因为  9. ________________ 开展,执行  10. ________________ 至关重要  11. ________________ 大量的  12. ________________ 渴望做某事  13. ________________ 远远超过  14. ________________ 理解  用方框内所给短语完成句子。 be attached to; cast new light on; in view of; discipline oneself; go by; come to an end; in the circumstances; differ from; at a time; be of vital importance; be delivered to; be glued to 1. While I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses ________________ in the opposite direction. 2. Agriculture ________________ to the nation’s economy and the people’s livelihood. 3. The postman was mixed up, with the package ________________ the wrong house. 4. Nowadays people of all ages walk along the street with eyes and hands ________________ the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. 5. The debate will be limited in two main respects ________________ the time available. 6. Human beings ________________ animals in that the former is capable of using language. 7. The report presented technical and systemic details that could ________________ how the accident happened. 8. In large cities, some kindergartens ________________ universities that have elementary and secondary schools. 9. That father can’t ________________, let alone set a good example for his children to follow. 10. ________________, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. V. 课文重点句型应用 1. as引导让步状语从句的倒装结构 ________________________________, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 虽然地球的景色十分壮观,但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 2. That’s why... ________________________________ every spacewalk is carefully planned. 那就是为什么每次太空行走都是精心计划的。 3. be+of+n. Spending some time in the gym ________________________________. 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。 4. so that 引导目的状语从句 Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves ________________________________. 由于在太空中几乎没有重力,我们必须绑着自己,这样我们才不会四处飘浮。 5.强调句 ________________________________ we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.  正是通过我们对太空的研究,我们证实了地球是圆的,它绕着太阳转。 6. It is likely that... For example, liquid hydrogen is a clean alternative energy source that is used widely as rocket fuel, and it is likely ________________________________ vehicles will be mass-produced and launched in the near future.例如,液氢是一种清洁的替代能源,被广泛用作火箭燃料,氢燃料电池汽车很可能在不久的将来被大量生产并投放市场。 7. It has +v.-ed + that... ________________________________ the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.据统计,全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 完成句子 1. 那就是我一直在这里等他到来的原因。(That is why) ________________ waiting for his coming. 2. 在这次短暂的国事访问期间，一举一动都将有着极其重要的象征意义。(be+of +n.) The symbolism of every gesture ________________  during the short state visit. 3. 据估计，全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 It has been calculated that the global space economy ________ ________ ________ billions of dollars every year. 4. 夕阳的余晖洒在孩子们的身上，见证了一段新友谊的开始。(非谓语现在分词) ________________________________________________________________ 5. 在线预订出租车虽然很时尚，但许多相关问题尚待解决。(as) ________________________________________________________________ 6. 很可能她已经到达了目的地。(it is likely that从句) ________________________________________________________________ 7. 正是小镇令人惊讶的景色和独特的建筑每年吸引了这么多游客。(强调句) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 8. 我建议你参加班级活动。 你可以和你的新同学建立亲密的关系。(so that引导目的状语从句)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading Astronauts’ daily life in space is quite different 1.________ that on the Earth. Astronauts usually sleep in a sleeping bag and attach 2.________(they) to avoid floating around.Astronauts’ main task inside the space station is 3.________(conduct) scientific research.And the most 4.________(challenge) work outside the space station includes testing new 5.________(equip), monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station, so spacewalking is 6.________ must.Astronauts eat dried food or 7.________(freeze) food, drink through a thin tube of plastic and ensure a 8.________(balance) supply of nutrients by taking pills.Astronauts have to do at least two hours of exercise every day using 9.________(special) designed exercise equipment.Astronauts like taking 10.________(picture) in their leisure time.  2. Extended reading Some people believe that space exploration is 1.________ waste of time and the public purse.Then why do human still explore space? It is human’s 2.________(curious) about the unknown that leads human to explore space 3.________(continuous).Space exploration helps 4.________(well) understand the Earth and the origin, evolution and future of the universe.Human’s lives have become safer and easier through space exploration, 5.________ will probably provide 6.________(benefit) in many areas.Space exploration can bring great 7.________(economy) value and attract young people to take up careers 8.________(concern) it.Wonders in space exploration can provide children 9.________ inspiration and motivate them 10.________(become ) the scientists and engineers of the future.  附:单元词汇记忆表 astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员 gravity n. 重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃　 absence n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席 *float vi. 飘动，漂流；浮vt. 使浮动，使漂流　 cupboard n. 壁橱；橱柜，衣柜　 ceiling n. 天花板；上限　 bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi. 花费时间精力(做某事)n. 麻烦，困难 occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于　 mission n. 任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务　 evaluate vt. 评估，估计，评价 creature n. 动物，生物；人 mosquito n. (pl. mosquitoes or mosquitos) 蚊子　 microscope n. 显微镜　 cast new light on 使进一步了解… maintenance n. 维护，保养；维持，保持　 circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，(尤指)经济状况 　 in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此　 exposure n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道　 radiation n. 辐射，放射线　 visible adj. 看得见的；明显的　 in view of 鉴于，考虑到 luxury n. 不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 tube n. 管，管子；软管 furthermore adv. 此外，再者 pill n. 药丸，药片 vital adj. 必不可少的，对…极重要的；维持生命所必需的　 discipline vt. 严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练n. 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 leisure n. 闲暇，空闲 crew n. 全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队　 permanent adj. 永久的，永恒的 altogether adv. 完全；总共；总之 kit n. 成套设备，成套工具；配套元件 telescope n. 望远镜 universe n. (the universe) 宇宙，天地万物 crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 orbit vt. & vi. 围绕…运动，沿轨道运行 n.(天体等运行的)轨道 astronomer n. 天文学家 merely adv. 仅仅，只不过 administration n. 行政部门；管理，行政 agency n. 机构；代理处 comprise vt. 包括，包含；组成，构成 *scan vt. & vi. 扫描；细看；浏览n. 扫描检查；快速查阅 plain to see 显而易见的 foundation n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会　 lay the foundation for 为…打下基础 purse n. 资金，财源；钱包 tale n. 故事；讲述，叙述 origin n. 起源，起因；出身 *shuttle n. 航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)vi. 频繁往来(于两地之间) frequency n. 发生率，出现率；频繁；频率　 hydrogen n. 氢，氢气 rocket n. 火箭；火箭武器 motive n. 原因，动机，目的 investment n. 投资；投入　 calculate vt. 计算，核算；预测 coverage n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 mechanic n. 机械师，技工 assistant n. 助理；售货员；助教adj. 助理的，副的　 incredibly adv. 极其，极端地；令人难以置信　 dust n. 沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃 shelter n. 居所，住处；庇护vt. 保护，掩蔽vi. 躲避　 constant adj. 固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 nuclear adj. 核能的，原子能的；核武器的　 ( 8 / 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Out of this world (译林版2020选择必修第三册) I. 必备知识结构图 II. 必备单词默写清单 1. ________ n. 宇航员，航天员 2. ________ vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi. 花费时间精力(做某事)n. 麻烦，困难 3. ________ n. 任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 4. ________ n. 动物，生物；人 5. ________ n. 条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，(尤指)经济状况 6. ________ adv. 此外，再者 7. ________ n. 全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队 8. ________ adv. 完全；总共；总之 9. ________ vt. & vi. 围绕……运动，沿轨道运行n.(天体等运行的)轨道 10. ________ vt. 包括，包含；组成，构成 11. ________ vt. & vi. 扫描；细看；浏览 n. 扫描检查；快速查阅 12. ________ n. 资金，财源；钱包 13. ________ n. 故事；讲述，叙述 14. ________ n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 15. ________ n. 居所，住处；庇护vt. 保护，掩蔽vi. 躲避 16. ________ adj. 核能的，原子能的；核武器的 【答案】 1. astronaut 2. bother 3. mission 4. creature 5. circumstance 6. furthermore 7. crew 8. altogether 9. orbit 10. comprise 11. scan 12. purse 13. tale 14. coverage 15. shelter 16. nuclear 根据汉语提示或者首字母提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1. Loss of mum’s company ________(投射) a shadow over his character development when he was young. 【答案】cast 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：失去母亲的陪伴给他小时候的性格发展蒙上了阴影。根据汉语提示可知，表示“投射”可用动词cast，再根据下文“when he was young.(在他小时候)”可知，本句的时态为一般过去时，所以此处用动词的过去式形式，cast的过去式是cast。故填cast。 2. Your personal ________(环境) are equally important. 【答案】circumstances 【详解】考查名词。句意：你的个人境况同样重要。根据汉语提示以及后面的are可知，空格处应用复数名词circumstances作主语，故填circumstances。 3. Alaskan Eskimos believe that every living ________(生物) has a spirit that deserves their respect.   【答案】creature 【详解】考查名词。句意：阿拉斯加爱斯基摩人相信，每一种生物都有值得他们尊敬的灵魂。根据汉语提示可知应用名词creature，作主语，且every后跟单数。故填creature。 4. The bacteria were then examined under the m________. 【答案】microscope/icroscope 【详解】考查名词。句意：然后细菌在显微镜下被检查出来。根据单词首字母以及句意可知，此处应用名词microscope“显微镜”，作宾语。故填microscope。 5. But Beiwei Kaishu is ________(濒危的), Chan says. That’s why he’s on a ________(使命) to digitize it and save it. 【答案】endangered； mission 【详解】考查形容词、名词。句意：但是北魏楷书处于濒危状态，Chan说。这就是为什么他肩负着一项使命，要将其数字化并保存下来。第一空用形容词endangered“濒危的”，作表语。第二空作on的宾语，应用名词mission“使命”，根据空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填①endangered；②mission。 6. I found something large f________(漂浮) in the sea about a mile away from the shore. 【答案】floating/loating 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：我发现离海岸大约一英里远的海面上漂着一个很大的东西。根据中英文可知设空处为float，修饰something作定语，和something之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填floating。 7. Many people, some of whom weren't overweight at all, were always going on a diet or taking weight-loss p________(药片). 【答案】pills/ills 【详解】考查名词。句意：许多人，其中一些根本不超重，总是在节食或服用减肥药。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语和首字母，表示“药片”应为pill，为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以使用名词复数形式表泛指。故填pills。 8. They v________ the challenges as chances for growth. 【答案】view/iew 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们将挑战视为成长的机会。根据句意和首字母提示可知，句子应用一般现在时，空处应填动词view意为“看作、视为”，与as连用表示“把……视为”。故填view。 9. On the whole, people miss the opportunity to enjoy ________(空闲，闲暇). 【答案】leisure 【详解】考查名词。句意：总的来说，人们错过享受空闲的机会。“空闲，闲暇”leisure，名词作enjoy的宾语，为不可数名词。故填leisure。 10. We are not sure when the ________(宇宙)came into being. 【答案】universe 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们不确定宇宙是何时形成的。根据汉语提示“宇宙”可知，应填名词universe作主语，the universe表示我们所处的这个客观存在的宇宙。故填universe。 11. An a________ is a scientist who studies the objects in the sky, including planets, black holes and stars. 【答案】astronomer/stronomer 【详解】考查名词。句意：天文学家是研究天空中物体的科学家，包括行星、黑洞和恒星。根据句意和首字母提示可知，此处指的是“天文学家”，对应的英语单词是astronomer，作主语。故填astronomer。 12. Some students hide their faces in their hands m________(仅仅) because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. 【答案】merely/erely 【详解】考查副词。句意：有些学生用手捂着脸，只是因为他们害怕被老师点名。根据中英文提示可知应用副词merely，修饰后文句子。故填merely。 13. That drone that ________(包含)parts produced by different countries can’t work smoothly. 【答案】comprises 【详解】考查动词。句意：那架由不同国家生产的部件组成的无人机无法顺利运行。根据句意及汉语提示，可知为comprise。设空处为that引导的定语从句的谓语，先行词为that drone，叙述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，结合主谓一致。故填comprises。 14. If you want to put up a stand to sell barbecue in the open air, you should apply to the ________(行政部) at first. 【答案】administration 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你想在露天摆摊卖烧烤，你应该先向管理部门申请。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词administration，设空处前为介词to，设空处作宾语。故填administration。 15. He described it as an extraordinarily ________(复杂的) and distant tale. 【答案】complicated 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他把它描述为一个极其复杂且遥远的故事。根据汉语提示以及句子结构可知，此处应填形容词complicated“复杂的”作定语。故填complicated。 16. When the journey ended, Zac’s adventure received widespread media c________. 【答案】coverage/overage 【详解】考查名词。句意：当旅行结束时，Zac的冒险获得了广泛的媒体报道。本空用名词coverage“报道”，作received的宾语。故填coverage。 III. 核心单词拓展拔高 1. ________ adj. 缺席的 →________ n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席 2. ________ vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→________ adj. 忙于……的；被占用的→________ n. 工作，职业；消遣；占用 3. ________ vt. 评估，估计，评价→________ n. 评价 4. ________ v. 维持，保持→________ n. 维护，保养；维持，保持 5. ________ v. 揭露；使暴露于→________ n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道 6. ________ adj. 看得见的；明显的→________ adj. 看不见的→________ n. 能见度 7. ________ n. 不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 →________ adj. 奢侈的 8. ________ adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 →________ adv. 绝对，极其 9. ________ vt. 严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n. 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 →________ adj. 遵守纪律的 10. ________ n. 闲暇，空闲 →________ adj. 有空的，悠闲自在的 11. ________ adj. 永久的，永恒的 →________ adv. 长久地，永久地 →________ n. 永久 12. ________ n. 宇宙，天地万物→________ adj. 普遍的；全世界的；共同的 13. ________ adj. 至关重要的，关键性的→________ adv. 关键地 14. ________ adj. 仅仅的→________ adv. 仅仅，只不过 15. ________ v. 创建→________ n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 16. ________ n. 起源，起因；出身→________ adj. 原先的，最初的；独创的；原作的，真迹的→________ adv. 原先地，最初地；独创地；原作地，真迹地 17. ________ adj. 频繁的→________ adv. 频繁地→________ n. 发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 18. ________ n. 原因，动机，目的→________ v. 成为……的动机；激励→________ n. 动机，动力，诱因 19. ________ v. 投资→________ n. 投资；投入 20. ________ vt. 计算，核算；预测→________ n. 计算；预测→________ n. 计算器 21. ________ v. 协助→________ n. 助理；售货员；助教adj. 助理的，副的→________ n. 援助 22. ________ adj. 可信的，可靠的→________ adj. 极好的；难以置信的→________ adv. 极其，极端地；令人难以置信 23. ________ n. 沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→________ adj. 布满灰尘的 24. ________ adj. 固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的→________ adv. 持续不断地；经常地 【答案】 1. absent; absence 2. occupy; occupied; occupation 3. evaluate; evaluation 4. maintain; maintenance 5. expose; exposure 6. visible; invisible; visibility 7. luxury; luxurious 8. vital; vitally 9. discipline; disciplined 10. leisure; leisured 11. permanent; permanently; permanence 12. universe; universal 13. crucial; crucially 14. mere; merely 15. found; foundation 16. origin; original; originally 17. frequent; frequently; frequency 18. motive; motivate; motivation 19. invest; investment 20. calculate; calculation; calculator 21. assist; assistant; assistance 22. credible; incredible; incredibly 23. dust; dusty 24. constant; constantly 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1. While the math problem was ________(incredible) difficult, John managed to wok it out. 【答案】incredibly 【详解】考查副词。句意：虽然这道数学题很难，约翰还是把它解出来了。空处修饰形容词difficult，应用incredible的副词形式incredibly，意为“非常地”，作状语。故填incredibly。 2. The expressway, with an ________(invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year. 【答案】investment 【详解】考查名词。句意：这条高速公路投资302亿元，将于明年年底通车。根据前面的不定冠词 an可知，这里需要填一个名词investment，作宾语。故填investment。 3. It ________(calculate) that the world’s population may increase slowly in the coming years. 【答案】is calculated/has been calculated 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：据计算，未来几年世界人口可能会缓慢增长。It作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句，即“未来几年世界人口可能会缓慢增长”这件事，与“计算”之间为被动关系，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态is calculated，也可用现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作已经完成，也可填has been calculated。故填is calculated/has been calculated。 4. At the debate, students held different ________(view) on the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. Both sides tried very hard to persuade each other. 【答案】views 【详解】考查名词。句意：在辩论中，学生们对互联网的优缺点有不同的看法。双方都非常努力地说服对方。句中view表示“看法，见解”，是可数名词，前边由different修饰，名词应用复数形式，作held的宾语。故填views。 5. We could solve students’ common eye problems by ensuring sufficient ________(expose) to nature. 【答案】exposure 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们可以通过确保充分接触大自然来解决学生常见的眼睛问题。空处作ensuring的宾语，被sufficient修饰，expose的名词形式exposure符合题意，意为“接触”，是不可数名词。故填exposure。 6. The school pays for heating and the ________(maintain) of the buildings. 【答案】maintenance 【详解】考查名词。句意：学校支付暖气和建筑物的维护费用。作介词的宾语用名词maintenance，不可数。故填maintenance。 7. Scientists worry that ________(expose) of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful. 【答案】exposure 【详解】考查名词。句意：科学家担心身体暴露在强烈的阳光下可能是有害的。expose作动词使用时，其名词形式为exposure，表示“暴露”作主语，因此填exposure。 8. There are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the ________(absent) of new technology. 【答案】absence 【详解】考查名词。句意：世界上有许多不同群体的人在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。空处作in的宾语，空前有冠词the，应用absent的名词形式absence，意为“缺乏，没有”，不可数，短语in the absence of意为“缺乏……，不存在……”。故填absence。 9. With teaching ________ her mind, she cares less what is not related to her ________. (occupy) 【答案】occupying; occupation 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：教学占据了她的心思，她就不太关心与她的职业无关的事情了。第一空是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，occupy和宾语teaching之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作宾补；第二空作宾语，结合her可知，使用名词occupation“职业”。故填①occupying；②occupation。 10. Shock absorbers have set up in the cities with a high ________(frequent) of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives. 【答案】frequency 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了保护建筑物和挽救生命，地震频发的城市都设置了减震器。根据句子结构，这里需要一个名词作介词with的宾语，frequent的名词形式是frequency，意为 “频率”。故填frequency。 11. The ________(original) of the world remains unclear. 【答案】origin 【详解】考查名词。句意：世界的起源仍然不清楚。空格处作主语，应该用名词origin“起源”，根据谓语动词remains可知，应该用单数形式。故填origin。 12. She works as an ________(assist) to the manager. 【答案】assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：她做经理的助理。短语work as意为“担任；以……身份而工作”，设空处应填名词作介词as的宾语，空前有不定冠词an，故为单数形式的名词。assist为动词，其名词形式assistant，意为“助理，助手”。故填assistant。 13. Scientists are ________(constant) developing new technologies to push the social development process forward. 【答案】constantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：科学家们不断地开发新技术来推动社会的发展进程。此处修饰动词developing应用所给词的副词constantly。故填constantly。 14. If a picture or document ________(scan) into a computer, a machine passes a beam of light over it to make a copy of it in the computer. 【答案】is scanned 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如果图片或文档被扫描进计算机，机器会通过它传递一束光来在计算机中制作它的副本。空处是If引导从句中的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词“passes”可知，句子是对一般事实的叙述，应用一般现在时，“a picture or document”与动词scan“扫描”是被动关系，因此需要用被动语态，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为“a picture or document”是单数，be动词用is。故填is scanned。 15. I decided to try to find planets ________(orbit) other stars like the sun. 【答案】orbiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定尝试寻找围绕像太阳一样的其他恒星运行的行星。句中decided为谓语动词，所以orbit用非谓语形式。逻辑主语planets“行星”与orbit“沿轨道运行；围绕……运动”之间为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语修饰planets。故填orbiting。 16. The collection ________(comprise) of 327 paintings so far. 【答案】has comprised 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这个收藏集包括了327幅画。根据时间状语“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语collection是单数名词，助动词应用has，comprise的过去分词是comprised。故填has comprised。 IV. 重点短语默写清单 1. ________________ 使进一步了解……  2. ________________ 在这种情况下;既然如此  3. ________________ 鉴于,考虑到  4. ________________ 显而易见的  5. ________________ 为……打下基础  6. ________________ 结束  7. ________________ 与……不同  8. ________________ 由于,因为  9. ________________ 开展,执行  10. ________________ 至关重要  11. ________________ 大量的  12. ________________ 渴望做某事  13. ________________ 远远超过  14. ________________ 理解  【答案】 1. cast new light on 2. in the circumstances 3. in view of 4. plain to see 5. lay the foundation for 6. come to an end 7. differ from 8. due to 9. carry out 10. be of vital importance 11. a mass of / masses of 12. long to do sth. 13. go far beyond 14. make sense of 用方框内所给短语完成句子。 be attached to; cast new light on; in view of; discipline oneself; go by; come to an end; in the circumstances; differ from; at a time; be of vital importance; be delivered to; be glued to 1. While I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses ________________ in the opposite direction. 2. Agriculture ________________ to the nation’s economy and the people’s livelihood. 3. The postman was mixed up, with the package ________________ the wrong house. 4. Nowadays people of all ages walk along the street with eyes and hands ________________ the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. 5. The debate will be limited in two main respects ________________ the time available. 6. Human beings ________________ animals in that the former is capable of using language. 7. The report presented technical and systemic details that could ________________ how the accident happened. 8. In large cities, some kindergartens ________________ universities that have elementary and secondary schools. 9. That father can’t ________________, let alone set a good example for his children to follow. 10. ________________, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 【答案】 1. went by 2. is of vital importance 3. delivered to 4. glued to 5. in view of 6. differ from 7. cast new light on 8. are attached to 9. discipline himself 10. In the circumstances 【解析】1. 考查动词短语和时态。句意：当我在公共汽车站等车的时候，三辆公共汽车从相反的方向开过去了。动词短语go by“过去”，作谓语动词，由was waiting和句意此处应用一般过去时，故填went by。 2. 考查动词短语和时态。句意：农业对国计民生至关重要。短语be of vital importance“至关重要”，作谓语动词，此处陈述客观事实且主语为Agriculture ，所以应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，故填is of vital importance。 3. 考查with复合结构。句意：邮递员搞混了，把包裹送错了地方。动词短语 be delivered to“被送达到”，由空前的with the package可知此处为with复合结构，the package与deliver之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动，故填delivered to。 4. 考查with复合结构。句意：现在，各个年龄段的人走在街上，眼睛和手都粘在手机上，完全不知道周围发生了什么。动词短语 be glued to“紧盯着；无法停止观看某物”，由空前的with eyes and hands可知此处为with复合结构，eyes and hands与glue之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动，故填glued to。 5. 考查介词短语。句意：由于时间有限，辩论将主要限于两个方面。介词短语in view of“鉴于；考虑到”，作状语，故填in view of。 6. 考查动词短语和时态。句意：人与动物的不同之处在于，人能够使用语言。动词短语differ from“与……不同”，作谓语动词，此处陈述客观事实且主语为Human beings ，所以应用一般现在时，故填differ from。 7. 考查动词短语和时态。句意：该报告提供了技术和系统细节，可能有助于了解事故发生的原因。动词短语cast new light on“使……真相大白”，作定语从句的谓语动词，由情态动词could知此处应用动词原形，故填cast new light on。 8. 考查动词短语时态。句意：在大城市，一些幼儿园附属于有小学和中学的大学。动词短语be attached to“附属于”，作谓语动词，此处陈述客观事实且主语为some kindergartens ，所以应用一般现在时，故填are attached to。 9. 考查动词短语。句意：那位父亲不能约束自己，更不用说给孩子们树立好榜样了。动词短语discipline oneself“约束自己”，作谓语动词，由情态动词can’t知此处应用动词原形，故填discipline himself。 10. 考查介词短语。句意：在这种情况下，不把事故告诉他似乎比较好。介词短语in the circumstances“在这种情况下”，作状语，故填In the circumstances。 V. 课文重点句型应用 1. as引导让步状语从句的倒装结构 ________________________________, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 虽然地球的景色十分壮观,但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 2. That’s why... ________________________________ every spacewalk is carefully planned. 那就是为什么每次太空行走都是精心计划的。 3. be+of+n. Spending some time in the gym ________________________________. 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。 4. so that 引导目的状语从句 Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves ________________________________. 由于在太空中几乎没有重力,我们必须绑着自己,这样我们才不会四处飘浮。 5.强调句 ________________________________ we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.  正是通过我们对太空的研究,我们证实了地球是圆的,它绕着太阳转。 6. It is likely that... For example, liquid hydrogen is a clean alternative energy source that is used widely as rocket fuel, and it is likely ________________________________ vehicles will be mass-produced and launched in the near future.例如,液氢是一种清洁的替代能源,被广泛用作火箭燃料,氢燃料电池汽车很可能在不久的将来被大量生产并投放市场。 7. It has +v.-ed + that... ________________________________ the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.据统计,全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 【答案】 1. Splendid as the view of the Earth is 2. That’s why 3. is of vital importance to astronauts’ health 4. so that we don’t float around 5. It is through our research into space that 6. it is likely that hydrogen fuel cell 7. It has been calculated that 完成句子 1. 那就是我一直在这里等他到来的原因。(That is why) ________________ waiting for his coming. 【答案】That is why I am here 【详解】考查表语从句，时态和主谓一致。由句意可知，句子描述现在的客观事实，时态用一般现在时，对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“这就是我在这里的原因”，“这就是……的原因”是That is why...，其中why引导的是表语从句，“我在这里”是I am here，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此空格处是That is why I am here，故填That is why I am here。 2. 在这次短暂的国事访问期间，一举一动都将有着极其重要的象征意义。(be+of +n.) The symbolism of every gesture ________________  during the short state visit. 【答案】will be of vital/great importance 【详解】考查固定短语、时态。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作谓语部分，“极其重要”可表达为“be of vital/great importance”；根据“during the short state visit(在这次短暂的国事访问期间)”可知句子表示的是将要发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般将来时，故填 will be of vital/great importance。 3. 据估计，全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 It has been calculated that the global space economy ________ ________ ________ billions of dollars every year. 【答案】is increasing by 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“increase by…”，意为“增长了……”，根据句意可知，“经济增长”的动作正在发生，句子应用现在进行时，“economy”与“is”连用，“increase”的现在分词为“increasing”，故空格处应填“is increasing by”。故填①is② increasing③ by。 4. 夕阳的余晖洒在孩子们的身上，见证了一段新友谊的开始。(非谓语现在分词) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The light of the setting sun shone on the boys, witnessing the start of a new friendship. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词。表示“夕阳的余晖”用the light of the setting sun，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“照耀在……上”用shine on，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式shone。表示“男孩子们”用the boys，作宾语。表示“见证了”用witness，用现在分词，作状语，表示“一段新友谊的开始”用the start of a new friendship，作witnessing的宾语。故翻译为The light of the setting sun shone on the boys, witnessing the start of a new friendship. 5. 在线预订出租车虽然很时尚，但许多相关问题尚待解决。(as) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Fashionable as booking taxis online is, many related problems remain to be solved. 【详解】考查时态和让步状语从句。根据中文所给提示词，一般现在时，可用让步状语从句的倒装语序表示“在线预订出租车虽然很时尚”，as“虽然，尽管”，Fashionable as booking taxis online is；表示“许多相关问题”应用many related problems；表示“尚待解决”应用remain to be solved，作句子谓语。故答案为Fashionable as booking taxis online is, many related problems remain to be solved. 6. 很可能她已经到达了目的地。(it is likely that从句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is likely that she has reached the destination. 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“可能……”为It is likely that…，表示“到达目的地”为reach the destination，该句型中主句用is，从句要用现在完成时，表示已经完成的动作。故翻译为It is likely that she has reached the destination. 7. 正是小镇令人惊讶的景色和独特的建筑每年吸引了这么多游客。(强调句) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is the surprising scenery and unique architecture of the town that attract so many tourists every year. 【详解】考查强调句。“正是……”应用强调句it be+强调内容+that/who+句子剩余部分，当强调内容为人，应用that/who，当强调内容为物，应用that，此处强调“小镇令人惊讶的景色和独特的建筑”，其中“令人惊讶的”为形容词surprising，“景色”为scenery，“独特的”为形容词unique，“建筑”为名词architecture，所以“小镇令人惊讶的景色和独特的建筑”翻译为the surprising scenery and unique architecture of the town，作主语，“吸引”为动词attract，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，“这么多游客”为so many tourists，“每年”为every year，故整句翻译为It is the surprising scenery and unique architecture of the town that attract so many tourists every year. 8. 我建议你参加班级活动。 你可以和你的新同学建立亲密的关系。(so that引导目的状语从句)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I recommend you take part in class activities so that you can build close relationships with your new classmates. 【详解】考查动词短语、目的状语从句、名词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示要求可知，表示“建议某人做某事”应为动词短语recommend sb to do sth；表示“参加班级活动”应为动词短语take part in class activities；后接连词so that引导的目的状语从句，在在该从句中，表示“和……建立亲密关系”应为动词短语build close relationships with…；表示“你的新同学”应为名词短语your new classmates；结合句意可知，该句应为一般现在时。故翻译为：I recommend you take part in class activities so that you can build close relationships with your new classmates. Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading Astronauts’ daily life in space is quite different 1.________ that on the Earth. Astronauts usually sleep in a sleeping bag and attach 2.________(they) to avoid floating around.Astronauts’ main task inside the space station is 3.________(conduct) scientific research.And the most 4.________(challenge) work outside the space station includes testing new 5.________(equip), monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station, so spacewalking is 6.________ must.Astronauts eat dried food or 7.________(freeze) food, drink through a thin tube of plastic and ensure a 8.________(balance) supply of nutrients by taking pills.Astronauts have to do at least two hours of exercise every day using 9.________(special) designed exercise equipment.Astronauts like taking 10.________(picture) in their leisure time.  【答案】 1. from 2. themselves 3. to conduct 4. challenging 5. equipment 6. a 7.frozen 8. balanced 9. specially 10. pictures 2. Extended reading Some people believe that space exploration is 1.________ waste of time and the public purse.Then why do human still explore space? It is human’s 2.________(curious) about the unknown that leads human to explore space 3.________(continuous).Space exploration helps 4.________(well) understand the Earth and the origin, evolution and future of the universe.Human’s lives have become safer and easier through space exploration, 5.________ will probably provide 6.________(benefit) in many areas.Space exploration can bring great 7.________(economy) value and attract young people to take up careers 8.________(concern) it.Wonders in space exploration can provide children 9.________ inspiration and motivate them 10.________(become ) the scientists and engineers of the future.  【答案】 1. a 2. curiosity 3. continuously 4. better 5. which 6. benefits 7. economic 8. concerning 9. with 10. to become 附:单元词汇记忆表 astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员 gravity n. 重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃　 absence n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席 *float vi. 飘动，漂流；浮vt. 使浮动，使漂流　 cupboard n. 壁橱；橱柜，衣柜　 ceiling n. 天花板；上限　 bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi. 花费时间精力(做某事)n. 麻烦，困难 occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于　 mission n. 任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务　 evaluate vt. 评估，估计，评价 creature n. 动物，生物；人 mosquito n. (pl. mosquitoes or mosquitos) 蚊子　 microscope n. 显微镜　 cast new light on 使进一步了解… maintenance n. 维护，保养；维持，保持　 circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，(尤指)经济状况 　 in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此　 exposure n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道　 radiation n. 辐射，放射线　 visible adj. 看得见的；明显的　 in view of 鉴于，考虑到 luxury n. 不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 tube n. 管，管子；软管 furthermore adv. 此外，再者 pill n. 药丸，药片 vital adj. 必不可少的，对…极重要的；维持生命所必需的　 discipline vt. 严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练n. 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 leisure n. 闲暇，空闲 crew n. 全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队　 permanent adj. 永久的，永恒的 altogether adv. 完全；总共；总之 kit n. 成套设备，成套工具；配套元件 telescope n. 望远镜 universe n. (the universe) 宇宙，天地万物 crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 orbit vt. & vi. 围绕…运动，沿轨道运行 n.(天体等运行的)轨道 astronomer n. 天文学家 merely adv. 仅仅，只不过 administration n. 行政部门；管理，行政 agency n. 机构；代理处 comprise vt. 包括，包含；组成，构成 *scan vt. & vi. 扫描；细看；浏览n. 扫描检查；快速查阅 plain to see 显而易见的 foundation n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会　 lay the foundation for 为…打下基础 purse n. 资金，财源；钱包 tale n. 故事；讲述，叙述 origin n. 起源，起因；出身 *shuttle n. 航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)vi. 频繁往来(于两地之间) frequency n. 发生率，出现率；频繁；频率　 hydrogen n. 氢，氢气 rocket n. 火箭；火箭武器 motive n. 原因，动机，目的 investment n. 投资；投入　 calculate vt. 计算，核算；预测 coverage n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 mechanic n. 机械师，技工 assistant n. 助理；售货员；助教adj. 助理的，副的　 incredibly adv. 极其，极端地；令人难以置信　 dust n. 沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃 shelter n. 居所，住处；庇护vt. 保护，掩蔽vi. 躲避　 constant adj. 固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 nuclear adj. 核能的，原子能的；核武器的　 ( 10 / 14 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$