暑假作业05 感叹句和名词的数（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材人教版

**基本信息** 以口诀化方法体系整合感叹句与名词数核心考点，通过规则提炼与分层训练提升语言应用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |感叹句|含3类What/2类How句型+5例转换|“What有名How有形”互换口诀、省略原则|从定义到句型分类，通过铁律（如不可数名词不加a/an）构建应用逻辑| |名词的数|含6类复数规则+4类不可数分类|“有生命加es”等复数口诀、修饰词区分表|从可数/不可数定义切入，递进至复数变化、量词搭配及易混词辨析|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业05 感叹句和名词的数 感叹句 一、感叹句定义 用来表达喜怒哀乐、赞美、惊讶、感叹等强烈情感的句子，句末一律用感叹号！ 二、What 感叹句三大句型 句型1：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + （主+谓）！ 结构口诀：What+a/an+形+单名 例句 1. What a beautiful girl (she is)! 多么漂亮的女孩啊！ 1. What an interesting book (it is)! 多么有趣的一本书啊！ 句型2：What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + （主+谓）！ 例句 1. What lovely flowers (they are)! 多么漂亮的花啊！ 1. What clever boys (they are)! 多么聪明的男孩们啊！ 句型3：What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + （主+谓）！ 例句 1. What fine weather (it is)! 多么好的天气啊！ 1. What delicious food (it is)! 多么美味的食物啊！ 重点铁律 weather / food / news / water 等不可数名词，永远不加 a/an 三、How 感叹句两大句型 句型1：How + 形容词 +（主+谓）！ 例句 1. How beautiful (she is)! 她多美啊！ 1. How cold (it is)! 天气真冷！ 句型2：How + 副词 +（主+谓）！ 例句 1. How fast he runs! 他跑得真快！ 1. How carefully she writes! 她写得真认真！ 极简总结 How 后面直接接形容词/副词，不接名词！ 四、省略原则（考试默认） 感叹句末尾的 主语+谓语 可以全部省略，不影响句型、不扣分。 完整句：What a nice day it is! 省略句：What a nice day!（最常考） 五、What 和 How 互换万能公式（句型转换必考） 1. What a beautiful girl! = How beautiful the girl is! 1. What fine weather! = How fine the weather is! 互换口诀 What 有名，How有形；How句型必须加 the 名词的数 一、核心概念 1. 名词定义 名词用来表示人、事物、地点、时间、抽象概念，是英语句子最基础核心词。 2. 名词核心分类 1. 可数名词：可以一个一个直接数清，有单数、复数两种形式。 1. 不可数名词：无法直接逐个计数，只有单数、没有复数，不能直接加 a/an。 二、可数名词详解 1. 定义 可以直接数数的人或具体物品。 例：student（学生）、apple（苹果）、desk（桌子）、book（书本） 2. 两种形态 1. 单数：数量为 1，可搭配 a / an 2. 复数：数量 ≥2，词尾需要变复数 3. 可数名词复数规则变化（中考必考） ① 一般情况：直接加 -s book→books、pen→pens、girl→girls、bag→bags ② s / x / ch / sh 结尾：加 -es bus→buses、box→boxes、watch→watches、brush→brushes ③ 辅音字母 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 -es city→cities、family→families、factory→factories 特例：元音字母+y，直接加s boy→boys、day→days、toy→toys ④ f / fe 结尾：变 f/fe 为 v 加 -es knife→knives、leaf→leaves、wife→wives、wolf→wolves ⑤ o 结尾（必考口诀） 1. 有生命加 es：tomato→tomatoes、potato→potatoes 2. 无生命加 s：photo→photos、piano→pianos、radio→radios 4. 可数名词不规则复数（必背） man→men woman→women child→children foot→feet tooth→teeth mouse→mice 5. 单复数同形（不变形） sheep（绵羊）、deer（鹿）、fish（鱼，指条数） 三、不可数名词详解 1. 定义 无法直接逐个计数、没有复数、不能加 a/an。 2. 四大必考分类（必记） （1）液体类 water 水、milk 牛奶、juice 果汁、tea 茶、coffee 咖啡 （2）细碎颗粒、食物类 rice 米饭、salt 盐、sugar 糖、bread 面包、meat 肉 （3）抽象不可数（考试最大陷阱） news 新闻、weather 天气、advice 建议、information 信息、work 工作、health 健康 （4）学科、球类、三餐 English、math、history、basketball、breakfast、lunch、dinner 3. 不可数名词五大铁律 1. 永远不加 s，无复数形式 1. 前面不能直接加 a / an 1. 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 1. 不能用 many、few 修饰 1. 表达数量必须借助量词 四、量词万能搭配结构（填空、句型转换必考） 1. 可数名词量词结构 数词 + 量词复数 + of + 可数复数 two baskets of apples 两篮苹果 2. 不可数名词量词结构 数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词 a piece of bread 一片面包 two cups of tea 两杯茶 three glasses of water 三杯水 五、修饰词严格区分（单选秒杀点） 只修饰【可数名词复数】 many（许多）、few（几乎没有）、a few（有一点）、how many（多少） 只修饰【不可数名词】 much（许多）、little（几乎没有）、a little（有一点）、how much（多少） 可数、不可数均可修饰 some、any、lots of、a lot of、all 六、易混名词“可/不可”特殊辨析 1. fish：条数不可数，种类可数(fishes) 1. chicken：鸡肉不可数，小鸡可数(chickens) 1. fruit：泛指水果不可数，特指多种水果可数(fruits) 1. glass：玻璃不可数，玻璃杯可数(glasses) 一、单项选择 1．— __________ important tool the computer is! — I think so. A．What B．How C．What an D．How an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——电脑是多么重要的工具啊！——我也这样认为。 感叹句结构为“What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！”或者“How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”。空格后面是“important tool” (形容词 + 名词)，和“the computer is” (主语 + 谓语)，应该是“What”开头的感叹句，“tool”为单数，“important”以元音音素开头，所以填“What an”。 2．________ great progress she has made in her schoolwork this term! A．What a B．What C．How a D．How 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她这学期在功课上取得了多么大的进步啊！ what引导感叹句修饰名词；how引导感叹句修饰形容词或副词。progress是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词a修饰，所以用“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语” 的结构，应填What。 3．— Look at those flowers. —________ beautiful. A．How B．Do C．What D．Which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——看那些花。——多漂亮啊！ 句子的中心词是beautiful（形容词），所以用How来引导感叹句，完整句子是：How beautiful (they are)! 4．________ it seems to cook stir-fried eggs and tomatoes! A．How simply B．What simple C．What simply D．How simple 【答案】D 【详解】句意：西红柿炒鸡蛋看起来多么简单啊！ simply简单地，副词；simple简单的，形容词。这是感叹句，中心词是形容词simple，感叹形容词用How，符合结构“How+adj.+主+谓”。 5．—________ interesting movie it is! Let’s go to the theater. —Great idea. Let’s go. A．How B．How a C．What an D．What a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这是一部多么有趣的电影啊！我们去电影院吧。——好主意。走吧。 How修饰形容词或副词，What修饰名词。本句中心词是名词“movie”，应用What引导；“interesting”以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。结构为“What + an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！”。 6．________ clever he is! I like your new friend. A．How B．What C．What an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他多么聪明啊！我喜欢你的新朋友。 How多么；What什么；What an一个多么……。感叹句中，“How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”结构用于修饰形容词或副词，此处“clever”是形容词，How符合语境。 7．—________ bad weather it was yesterday!  —Yes. The rain was falling all the time. It was ________ awful day! A．What a; a B．What a; an C．What; a D．What; an 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨天的天气多糟糕啊！——是的。雨一直下。真是糟糕的一天！ 第一空，句子是感叹句，weather是不可数名词，应用what引导感叹句，结构为What + adj. + 不可数名词 + 主谓 + 其他；第二空，day是可数名词单数，且awful以元音音素开头，应用an。 8．________ exciting movie it is! I want to watch it again. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是一部多么令人激动的电影啊！我想再看一遍。 此句是感叹句，中心词是单数名词movie，exciting以元音音素开头，应用What an引导感叹句。 9．________ beautiful day! It’s a good time to fly kites in the park. A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：多么美好的一天啊！这是在公园里放风筝的好时候。 What多么，修饰名词；How多么，修饰形容词或副词；What a多么……的一个，修饰单数可数名词；How a表述错误，how引导感叹句时不能接冠词a。根据“beautiful day”可知，此处是“What a+形容词+单数可数名词”的感叹句结构。 10．________ wonderful the school sports meeting was! We all had a great time last Friday. A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学校运动会多么精彩啊！上周五我们都玩得很开心。 感叹句有两种基本结构，What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！ (中心词是名词)；How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！(中心词是形容词或副词)；观察句子结构“…wonderful the school sports meeting was!”，中心词是形容词wonderful，因此应使用How来引导感叹句，应填How。 11．— ________ beautiful the garden is! —Yes, and it is ________ than the one in our neighborhood. A．How; more beautiful B．What; more beautiful C．How; beautiful D．What a; beautiful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个花园多么漂亮啊！——是的，而且它比我们社区的那个更漂亮。 第一空中心词是形容词beautiful，符合“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”结构；第二空根据关键词than可知要用比较级，beautiful是多音节词，比较级为more beautiful。 12．—________ nice weather it is! —Let’s go out for a walk. A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——多么好的天气啊！——我们出去散步吧。 中心词weather是不可数名词，应用What引导，且不可数名词前不能用冠词a/an。结构为：What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！应填What。 13．_________ useful information about environmental protection they’ve shared on social media! A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们在社交媒体上分享了多么有用的环保信息啊！ 感叹句通常由“What”或“How”引导：What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！；How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！。本句中“useful information”为“形容词 + 名词”结构，其中“information”是不可数名词，前面不能加冠词a/an，因此符合“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！”的结构。选项C（What a）和D（How a）均含有冠词a，不适用于不可数名词；选项B（How）后应直接接形容词或副词，但本句中心词是名词“information”，故用What。 14．—________ delicious the hot and sour soup tastes! — Thank you. I learned to cook it from the textbook’s recipe. A．How B．What C．What a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这酸辣汤尝起来多么美味啊！——谢谢，我是按照课本上的食谱学着做的。 How多么；What多么/什么；What a多么一个。根据句子末尾感叹号可知，这是一个感叹句。基本结构为：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！或 What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词+主语+谓语！本题中空格后紧跟形容词delicious，且没有冠词或名词直接出现，因此应填How。 15．Molly won first prize in the singing competition yesterday. ________ excellent she is! A．How B．What C．How a D．What an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：莫莉昨天在歌唱比赛中获得了一等奖。她多么优秀啊！ How多么；What多么；How结构错误；What an多么。中心词是形容词excellent，应用“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！”结构。应填How。 16．There are three ________ in our class. A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germany 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们班有三个德国人。 German德国人，单数；Germans德国人，复数；Germen错误表达；Germany德国。根据“three”可知，有三个德国人，使用复数，应填Germans。 17．—What else do we need to make the milkshake, Mum?        —We need ________. A．two cup of milks B．two cups of milk C．two cup of milk 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，做奶昔我们还需要其他什么东西吗？——我们需要两杯牛奶。 milk是不可数名词，没有复数形式；表达不可数名词的数量时，结构为“数词+可数名词+of+不可数名词”，当数词大于1时，可数名词需要变为复数形式。本题中数词为“two”，因此量词cup要变为复数cups，milk保持原形。 18．We need some ________ and ________ to make the fruit salad. A．apple; honey B．apples; honey C．apple; honeys D．apples; honeys 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们需要一些苹果和蜂蜜来做水果沙拉。 考查名词的数。apple苹果，单数；honey蜂蜜，不可数名词；apples苹果，复数；honeys错误形式，honey不可数。根据“some”可知，此处用可数名词复数或不可数名词。apple为可数名词，此处应用复数apples；honey为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故选B。 19．—Mom, I’m very hungry. I’d like something to eat. —There are some________ on the table. A．cheese B．chickens C．cakes D．beef 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我很饿。我想吃点东西。——桌子上有一些蛋糕。 考查名词的数。cheese奶酪（不可数名词）；chickens鸡（可数名词复数，但通常指“鸡”这种动物，作为食物时常用chicken，不可数）；cakes蛋糕（可数名词复数）；beef牛肉（不可数名词）。根据“There are some...”可知，空格处需用可数名词复数形式，只有cakes符合。故选C。 20．I went to the hospital yesterday. I found a few ________ there. A．man nurses B．men nurse C．men nurses D．man nurse 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天我去了医院。我在那里发现了一些男护士。 考查复合名词的复数形式。复合名词中，当第一个名词为man或woman时，变复数时两个名词均需变为复数形式。此处“男护士”的复数应为men nurses。故选C。 二、完成句子 21．你能帮我把这些土豆切碎吗？ Could you help me ________? 【答案】cut up the potatoes/cut the potatoes up 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表示“把这些土豆切碎”，“切碎”常用短语“cut up”，宾语为代词时，代词要放在短语中间，宾语为名词时，名词既可以放在短语中间也可以放在短语后面，这里宾语是“the potatoes”（名词），所以可以表达为“cut up the potatoes”或者“cut the potatoes up”。故填cut up the potatoes/cut the potatoes up。 22．蛋糕足够供这里的每个人吃。 There are ________ ________ for everyone here. 【答案】 enough cakes 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表达“足够……的东西”，用“enough + 名词”的结构，“蛋糕”是“cake”，这里表示泛指用复数形式“cakes”，即“足够的蛋糕”可表达为“enough cakes”。故填enough；cakes。 23．首先，把一些黄油放在一片面包上。 First, put ________ ________ on a piece of bread. 【答案】 some butter 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“一些黄油”。“一些”英文为“some”，“黄油”英文为“butter”，为不可数名词。故填some；butter。 24．做爆米花，两勺黄油应该就够了。 To make popcorn, ________ ________ of butter should be enough. 【答案】 two spoons 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“两勺”，“勺”的英文表达为spoon，“两勺”需用复数形式spoons，即two spoons，故填two；spoons。 25．数字科技是多么好的援手！ ________ ________ helping hand the digital technology is! 【答案】 What a 【详解】原句为感叹句，中心词是可数名词单数hand，helping是修饰hand的定语，整体是名词词组，符合What引导的感叹句结构“what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！”；helping以辅音音素开头，所以不定冠词用a。故填What；a。 26．小女孩躲在妈妈身后，她多害羞啊！ The little girl hid behind her mother. ________ ________ she was! 【答案】 How shy 【详解】原句中“多害羞啊”是关键词，表示“多么……”的感叹句结构是“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”，“害羞的”可译为shy，在句中作表语。 27．The book is very interesting. (改为感叹句) ________ ________ interesting book it is! 【答案】 What an 【详解】句意：这本书很有趣。要将陈述句改为以“it”结尾的感叹句，需用“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！”的结构。“interesting”是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用“an”。故填What；an。 28．多么开心的一个节日啊！ ________ ________ happy holiday it is! 【答案】 What a 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“多么”。此句是感叹句，中心词是可数名词单数holiday，happy以辅音音素开头，符合结构What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语。故填What；a。 29．They are lucky to have such a good teacher. (改为感叹句) ________ ________ they are to have such a good teacher! 【答案】 How lucky 【详解】句意：他们很幸运有这样一位好老师。原句是一个陈述句，表达“他们很幸运……”。要将其改为感叹句，需使用感叹句的结构“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”。原句中的形容词是lucky，因此将How放在句首，后面接形容词lucky。故填How；lucky。 30．黄果树瀑布多么令人惊叹啊！ _________ ________ the Huangguoshu Waterfall is! 【答案】 How wonderful/amazing 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处是感叹句。感叹形容词用How引导，“令人惊叹的”可用wonderful或amazing表达。故填How；wonderful/amazing。 一、选词填空 阅读下面语篇，从方框中选择恰当单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一个词或短语，每个单词或短语限填一次。 ask,  mix,  cut,  into,  fill,  share,  good,  smile,  happy,  warm Last month, our class decided to have a food-sharing day. Everyone was excited to bring their favourite homemade dishes. I 1 my mom to make some cookies. We spent the whole morning in the kitchen. First, we 2 butter and sugar together until they became smooth (光滑细腻的). Then we added eggs and flour. I 3 the dough 4 small balls and put them on a baking tray (烤盘). On the food-sharing day, the classroom was 5 with different smells. There were cakes, sandwiches, and noodles. We put all the food on the desks. When everyone sat down, our teacher said, “Today, we’re not just eating. We’re sharing love and happiness.” We started to 6 the food with each other. I tried a piece of Anna’s pizza. It was the 7 (good) pizza I’d ever had! She told me her grandma taught her how to make it. I gave my cookies to my friends, and they all 8 (smile) at me. That day, I learned that sharing food is like sharing 9 (happy). It makes us closer and 10 (warm). Now I can’t wait for the next food-sharing day! 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者班级举办美食分享日的经历。 1．句意：我请妈妈做一些饼干。此处需要一个动词作谓语。根据上下文，文章讲述的是上个月发生的事情，时态应为一般过去时。短语“ask sb. to do sth.”意为“请求某人做某事”，符合语境。因此填asked。 2．句意：首先，我们把黄油和糖混合在一起，直到它们变得光滑细腻。此处需要一个动词作谓语。根据“We spent the whole morning in the kitchen.”可知，这是在描述制作饼干的过程。短语“mix...together”意为“把……混合在一起”，符合语境。时态为一般过去时，因此填mixed。 3．句意：我把面团切成小球，放在烤盘上。此处需要一个动词作谓语。根据制作饼干的步骤，将面团做成小球，动词“cut”符合语境。时态为一般过去时，cut的过去式仍是cut。 4．句意：我把面团切成小球，放在烤盘上。此处需要一个介词。短语“cut...into...”意为“把……切成……”，符合语境。因此填into。 5．句意：在美食分享日那天，教室里充满了不同的香味。此处需要一个动词的过去分词与“was”构成被动语态。短语“be filled with”意为“充满……”，符合语境。因此填filled。 6．句意：我们开始互相分享食物。此处需要一个动词原形。短语“start to do sth.”意为“开始做某事”，根据后文“the food with each other”，动词“share”符合语境。因此填share。 7．句意：这是我吃过的最好的披萨！此处需要一个形容词最高级修饰名词“pizza”。根据“the”和“I’d ever had”可知，应用“good”的最高级形式best。 8．句意：我把我的饼干给了我的朋友，他们都对我微笑。此处需要一个动词作谓语。根据“I gave my cookies to my friends”可知，时态为一般过去时。“smile”的过去式是smiled。 9．句意：那天，我明白了分享食物就像分享快乐。此处需要一个名词作宾语。动词“sharing”后接名词，“happy”的名词形式是happiness。 10．句意：它让我们更亲近、更温暖。此处需要一个形容词比较级与“closer”并列。根据“makes us closer and...”可知，应用“warm”的比较级warmer。 阅读短文,从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意义完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 mix bowl school thousand ready because arrive share fit from Sally is an American girl. She studies in a 1 in Beijing. She enjoys staying here and she likes Chinese food best. In fact, most Chinese food in America can be traced back to (追溯到) Guangdong. In the mid-19th century, 2 of Chinese came to America from Guangdong to look for jobs. They 3 in some places like San Francisco. Of course, they brought their dishes. But later, they changed their dishes a lot to 4 American tastes. When Sally goes home for the holidays, her friends often ask her about Chinese food. She always tells them about mutton and carrot dumplings 5 they are Sally’s favourite food. She learned how to make them 6 a Chinese friend. Now she would like to 7 the recipe with her American friends. First, cut up mutton and carrots, and put them in a 8 . Then, add a little oil and salt to them and 9 them. When the filling (馅) is 10 , put one spoon of the filling on a dumpling wrapper (饺子皮) and fold it over. Finally, boil the dumplings in a pot for a few minutes. Now you can enjoy some delicious dumplings! 【答案】 1．school 2．thousands 3．arrived 4．fit 5．because 6．from 7．share 8．bowl 9．mix 10．ready 【导语】本文讲述了美国女孩Sally在北京一所大学学习，她热爱中国菜，并介绍了美国中餐的起源以及她向朋友分享羊肉胡萝卜饺子食谱的过程。 1．句意：她在北京的一所学校学习。 根据方框内备选词可知，school为唯一表示学习地点的名词。school意为“学校”，符合语境。 2．句意：19世纪中期，成千上万的中国人从广东来到美国寻找工作。 thousands of为固定短语，意为“成千上万的”，thousand用复数形式。 3．句意：他们到达像旧金山这样的地方。 根据句意，他们来到美国。arrive意为“到达”，arrive in表示“到达某地”，描述他们初到美国落脚的动作。用arrived过去式，符合语境。 4．句意：但后来为了适应美国人的口味，他们对菜品做了很大改变。 fit意为“适合，符合”，to fit American tastes表示“为了适应美国人的口味”，to后动词原形。 5．句意：她总是告诉他们关于羊肉胡萝卜饺子的事，因为这是Sally最喜欢的食物。 空前是告诉朋友饺子的事，空后说这是她最爱的食物，后者是前者的原因，应用连词because引导原因状语从句。 6．句意：她从一个中国朋友那里学会了如何做饺子。 learn...from sb.为固定搭配，意为“向某人学习……”。from表来源，引出教她做饺子的老师。 7．句意：现在她想和她的美国朋友们分享这个食谱。 would like to后接动词原形。share sth. with sb.为固定搭配，意为“与某人分享某物”，符合把食谱告诉朋友的语境。 8．句意：首先，切碎羊肉和胡萝卜，然后放进一个碗里。 根据常识，调饺子馅需要把食材放进碗里搅拌。bowl意为“碗”，用单数冠词a修饰，填原形即可。 9．句意：然后加一点油和盐，搅拌它们。 根据加调料后的动作及常识，需要搅拌让调料与食材混合。mix意为“搅拌，混合”，and连接两个并列的祈使动词，填动词原形。 10．句意：当馅料准备好时，舀一勺放到饺子皮上包好。 根据后续包饺子的动作可知，一切就绪才能开始包。be ready意为“准备好的”，在句中作表语。 二、短文填空 Hunan is a special Chinese restaurant in London. It is famous because it does not have a real menu. This restaurant 1 (serve) creative Chinese food. Michael Peng runs Hunan now. He took 2 the restaurant from his father in 1999. His father opened the restaurant in 1982. He wanted 3 (introduce) Chinese food to London. At first, he focused on Hunan dishes. Later, he 4 (add) dishes from other places in China. 5 is the most special part of Hunan? It’s the “Leave it to us” menu. When you sit down, you just tell the waiter your food dislikes. Then, you can relax and wait 6 the delicious meal to arrive. This idea was unusual in 7 1980s but is now popular. Michael chooses the ingredients 8 (careful). For example, he buys fresh seafood directly from fishermen. His dishes are simple but of high quality. Running Hunan is 9 (challenge). Customers must trust the cooks to choose dishes for their meals. Sometimes, there is an 10 (argue), but Hunan’s good food and friendly service have brought in many customers. Michael works hard to keep the restaurant’s special dining experience alive (继续存在). 【答案】 1．serves 2．over 3．to introduce 4．added 5．What 6．for 7．the 8．carefully 9．challenging 10．argument 【导语】本文介绍了伦敦一家名为Hunan的中国餐厅，它不以传统菜单经营，而是采用“交给我们”的点餐方式，以创意中餐和优质食材吸引顾客。 1．句意：这家餐厅提供创意中餐。描述客观事实，主语This restaurant为第三人称单数，用一般现在时，serve的第三人称单数为serves。 2．句意：他于1999年从父亲手中接管了这家餐厅。“take over”为固定短语，意为“接管”，故填over。 3．句意：他想把中餐介绍给伦敦。“want to do sth.”意为“想要做某事”，故填to introduce。 4．句意：后来，他增加了中国其他地方的菜肴。描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，add的过去式为added。 5．句意：Hunan最特别的部分是什么？此处询问“什么”，作主语，故填疑问代词What。 6．句意：然后，你就可以放松下来，等待美味的到来。“wait for”为固定短语，意为“等待”，故填介词for。 7．句意：这个想法在20世纪80年代是不寻常的，但现在很受欢迎。“in the 1980s”为固定表达，意为“在20世纪80年代”，故填定冠词the。 8．句意：Michael精心挑选食材。修饰动词chooses，需用副词，careful的副词为carefully。 9．句意：经营Hunan是具有挑战性的。系动词is后接形容词作表语，challenge的形容词为challenging，意为“有挑战性的”。 10．句意：有时会有争执，但Hunan的美食和友好服务吸引了众多顾客。不定冠词an后接可数名词单数，argue的名词为argument，意为“争执”。 短文填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Sunday, my family and I decided to cook a special dinner. My father wanted 1 (make) chicken soup. My mother said she would teach me how to cook vegetables. I was very happy to hear that. First, we 2 (go) to the market to buy some fresh food. We bought a chicken, some carrots, potatoes and tomatoes. Then, we started cooking. My father washed the chicken and put it into a big pot. My mother helped me wash the vegetables. Then she taught me how to cut 3 (they). “Be careful with the knife,” she said. About one hour later, the dinner 4 (be) ready. The chicken soup 5 (smell) wonderful. The vegetables looked colorful. We all sat down and enjoyed the delicious food together. “What 6 delicious dinner!” I said. My parents smiled. After dinner, I thought about my 7 (person) plan. I am 8 (go) to learn to cook more 9 (dish). I think it is a useful skill. I 10 (real) want to be a good cook like my mother one day. 【答案】 1．to make 2．went 3．them 4．was 5．smelled/smelt 6．a 7．personal 8．going 9．dishes 10．really 【导语】本文讲述了作者一家上周日一起做了一顿特别的晚餐的经历，并由此萌发了学习烹饪的想法。 1．句意：我爸爸想要做鸡汤。固定搭配want to do sth.表示“想要做某事”，因此此处用make的不定式形式to make。 2．句意：首先，我们去市场买了一些新鲜的食物。根据上下文的时间背景“Last Sunday”，全文时态为一般过去时，go的过去式为went。 3．句意：然后她教我如何切它们。此处作动词cut的宾语，需要用代词的宾格形式，they的宾格是them。 4．句意：大约一小时后，晚餐准备好了。主语“the dinner”是单数，且时态为一般过去时，be动词用was。 5．句意：鸡汤闻起来很棒。时态为一般过去时，smell的过去式为 smelled或smelt。 6．句意：多么美味的一顿晚餐啊！这是一个感叹句，结构为“What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”。delicious以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。 7．句意：晚饭后，我思考了我的个人计划。此处需要形容词修饰名词plan，person的形容词形式为personal，意为“个人的”。 8．句意：我打算学习做更多的菜。固定搭配be going to do sth.表示“打算做某事”，因此此处填going。 9．句意：我打算学习做更多的菜。more后接可数名词复数，dish的复数形式为dishes。 10．句意：我真的想有一天成为像我妈妈一样的好厨师。此处需要副词修饰动词want，real的副词形式为really。 三、完形填空 For me, cooking is more than just making food—it’s a good way to share my love with my family. I fell in love with it 1 I was ten, watching Mum stir-fry vegetables in a hot pan. Sometimes, she asked me to 2 a pinch (撮) of pepper. That small job made me feel so happy. On weekends, we often made pancakes 3 . Mum poured flour into a bowl. I mixed the flour 4 milk and butter. I often spilled (洒出) things and made a 5 , but the kitchen was always full of sweetness. Mum would laugh and say, “Mistakes taste good too.” Last Thanksgiving, I tried to make a pumpkin pie by 6 . Following the recipe, I 7 the pumpkin, boiled it, and mashed it. Then, I added sugar, salt and cream. Next, I poured the mixture into a pie crust. After that, Mum helped me put it in the oven. Finally, the pie was ready. Although it wasn’t 8 , everyone loved it. From these experiences, I 9 that love is in small moments. The best meals aren’t just about the ingredients or recipes. They’re also about the people around the table—laughing, sharing, and creating 10 . That’s the real magic of cooking. 1．A．until B．if C．when 2．A．lend B．fill C．add 3．A．together B．actually C．again 4．A．on B．with C．under 5．A．surprise B．mess C．choice 6．A．myself B．yourself C．herself 7．A．put out B．cut up C．hung up 8．A．warm B．strange C．perfect 9．A．realized B．taught C．forgot 10．A．secrets B．duties C．memories 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己从十岁开始爱上烹饪的经历，以及与家人一起做饭的温馨时刻，最后感悟到烹饪的真正意义在于分享爱与创造美好回忆。 1．句意：我十岁时就爱上了烹饪，看着妈妈在热锅里炒菜。 此处表示“当……的时候”，应用when引导时间状语从句。until“直到”；if“如果”，均不符。 2．句意：有时，她让我加一小撮胡椒。 根据语境，妈妈让作者“加入”调料。add“添加”符合语境。lend“借出”；fill“装满”，均不符。 3．句意：周末，我们经常一起做煎饼。 根据上下文，作者和妈妈一起做煎饼，应用together“一起”。actually“实际上”；again“再次”，均不符。 4．句意：我把面粉和牛奶、黄油混合在一起。 mix sth. with sth.意为“把某物和某物混合”，为固定搭配。 5．句意：我经常洒出东西，弄得一团糟，但厨房里总是充满甜蜜。 make a mess为固定短语，意为“弄得一团糟”。surprise“惊喜”；choice“选择”，均不符。 6．句意：去年感恩节，我尝试独自做一个南瓜派。 by oneself意为“独自”，此处主语为I，应用myself。 7．句意：按照食谱，我把南瓜切碎、煮熟并捣成泥。 根据语境，做南瓜派需要先“切碎”南瓜。cut up“切碎”符合语境。put out“熄灭”； hung up“挂断”，均不符。 8．句意：虽然它并不完美，但每个人都很喜欢。 根据上文第一次尝试以及下文“everyone loved it”可知，虽然不“完美”，但大家都很喜欢。perfect“完美的”符合语境。 9．句意：从这些经历中，我意识到爱就在小小的时刻里。 根据语境，作者从经历中“意识到”了爱的真谛。realized“意识到”符合语境。 10．句意：它们还关乎围坐在桌旁的人们——欢笑、分享和创造回忆。 根据上文家人一起做饭、分享快乐可知，是在创造“回忆”。 memories“回忆”符合语境。 In Shanghai, a new ice cream shop became famous for its new food: ice cream made from traditional Chinese medicine (中药). There are many different 1 for you to choose. The workers said they use ice cream as the main part and add a few herbal ingredients (草本成分) to 2 the taste. The TCM ice cream got popular 3 . The hashtag (话题标签) about it on Weibo got over 50 million views and 10,000 comments. Some people are not sure if the ice cream can 4 traditional Chinese medicine because they don’t know if it’s good 5 health. However, others show 6 interest. “My last bit of guilt (负罪感) about ice cream now goes away,” a woman from Weibo said. The rise of TCM ice cream 7 that traditional Chinese medicine has become the popular ingredient of modern food. Today young people place more importance on 8 and cultural confidence (自信). Interestingly, TCM is not just in ice cream but also in drinks. For example, we 9 chrysanthemums (菊花) and goji berries (枸杞) into tea to keep healthy and energetic. These kinds of foods are becoming more popular 10 for young people than milk tea because they mix old wisdom with modern life. 1．A．feelings B．prices C．tastes D．steps 2．A．improve B．remind C．smell D．describe 3．A．quickly B．slowly C．simply D．freshly 4．A．do with B．pack up C．mix with D．look up 5．A．of B．for C．at D．to 6．A．our B．their C．your D．its 7．A．asks B．hopes C．invites D．shows 8．A．health B．money C．study D．dream 9．A．grow B．make C．drink D．put 10．A．choices B．facts C．habits D．tools 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了上海一家新开的冰淇淋店因其特色产品——中药冰淇淋而走红，并介绍了中药在食品中的应用及其受欢迎的原因。 1．句意：有许多不同的口味供你选择。 根据“ice cream made from traditional Chinese medicine (中药)”可知，此处指的是中药冰淇淋有很多不同的口味，tastes“口味”符合语境；feelings“感觉”、prices“价格”、steps“步骤”均与冰淇淋的口味选择无关，故排除。 2．句意：工人们说他们以冰淇淋为主要原料，加入少量草本成分来改善口感。 根据“add a few herbal ingredients (草本成分)”可知，加入草本成分是为了改善口感，improve“改善”符合语境；remind“提醒”、smell“闻”、describe“描述”均与改善口感逻辑不符，故排除。 3．句意：中药冰淇淋很快就流行起来了。 根据后文“The hashtag (话题标签) about it on Weibo got over 50 million views and 10,000 comments.”可知，中药冰淇淋在微博上获得了很高的关注度，说明它很快就流行起来了，quickly“迅速地”符合语境；slowly“缓慢地”、simply“简单地”、freshly“新鲜地”均与流行速度无关，故排除。 4．句意：有些人并不确定冰淇淋能否与中药混合使用，因为他们不清楚这种组合是否对健康有益。 根据“because they don’t know if it’s good”可知，此处指的是有些人并不确定冰淇淋能否与中药混合使用，mix with“混合”符合语境；pack up“打包”、do with“处理，对待”、look up“查阅”均与冰淇淋能否与中药混合的语境不符，故排除。 5．句意：有些人并不确定冰淇淋能否与中药混合使用，因为他们不清楚这种组合是否对健康有益。 根据“if it’s good”可知，此处指的是对健康有益，be good for“对……有益”符合语境；of、at、to均不与be good构成表示“对……有益”的短语，故排除。 6．句意：然而，其他人则表现出浓厚的兴趣。 根据“My last bit of guilt (负罪感) about ice cream now goes away”可知，有些人对中药冰淇淋表现出浓厚的兴趣，their“他们的”符合语境；our“我们的”、your“你的/你们的”、its“它的”均不符合语境，故排除。 7．句意：中药冰淇淋的兴起表明，传统中药已成为现代食品的流行成分。 根据“that traditional Chinese medicine has become the popular ingredient of modern food”可知，此处指的是中药冰淇淋的兴起表明了传统中药在现代食品中的地位，shows“表明”符合语境；asks“问”、hopes“希望”、invites“邀请”均与表明中药地位的语境不符，故排除。 8．句意：如今，年轻人更加重视健康和文化自信。 根据“and cultural confidence (自信)”可知，此处指的是年轻人更加重视健康和文化自信，health“健康”符合语境；money“钱”、study“学习”、dream“梦想”均与重视健康和文化自信的语境不符，故排除。 9．句意：例如，我们把菊花和枸杞泡在茶里，以保持健康和精力充沛。 根据“chrysanthemums (菊花) and goji berries (枸杞) into tea”可知，此处指的是把菊花和枸杞泡在茶里，put“放”符合语境；grow“种植”、make“制作”、drink“喝”均与泡茶的语境不符，故排除。 10．句意：这些食物比奶茶更受年轻人的欢迎，因为它们将古老的智慧与现代生活相结合。 根据“for young people than milk tea”可知，此处指的是这些食物比奶茶更受年轻人的欢迎，choices“选择”符合语境，此处指年轻人对于这些食物的选择更多；facts“事实”、habits“习惯”、tools“工具”均与食物受欢迎的程度无关，故排除。 四、阅读理解 Last Sunday, my parents and I had a special dinner at a new restaurant. When we walked in, the restaurant looked very clean and beautiful. Soft music was playing, and the waiters were very friendly. The menu had many kinds of food. We decided to try some traditional Chinese dishes. First, we ordered Mapo Tofu. It looked red and smelled spicy. My mom loves spicy food, so she was very excited. Then we had Gongbao Chicken. The chicken pieces were mixed with peanuts (坚果) and vegetables. It tasted sweet and a little bit spicy. The most amazing dish was Beijing Duck. The waiter brought a whole duck to our table first. Then he skillfully cut the duck into thin pieces in front of us. He told us to eat the duck with thin pancakes, green onions, and a special kind of sauce (调味汁). When I put a piece of duck with some onions and sauce in a pancake and ate it, I couldn’t help saying, “What a delicious meal!” After the main dishes, we had some dumplings. They were filled with meat and vegetables. My dad said they were as good as the ones my grandmother made. We all enjoyed the dinner very much. I think I will ask my parents to take me there again next time. 1．Which dish did the writer’s mother like best? A．Mapo Tofu. B．Gongbao Chicken. C．Beijing Duck. D．Dumplings. 2．What does the underlined word “skillfully” mean in Paragraph 3? A．quickly B．carefully C．with great ability D．loudly 3．Which of the following dishes is NOT mentioned (提及) in the passage? A．Mapo Tofu. B．Sweet and sour pork. C．Gongbao Chicken. D．Beijing Duck. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To introduce different kinds of Chinese food. B．To explain how to cook Beijing Duck C．To describe a wonderful dining experience at a restaurant. D．To compare homemade food with restaurant food. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者上周日与家人在一家新餐厅用餐的经历，描述了餐厅环境、所点的菜品以及用餐感受。 1．第二段的到“First, we ordered Mapo Tofu. It looked red and smelled spicy. My mom loves spicy food, so she was very excited.”，妈妈喜欢辛辣食物，而麻婆豆腐是辣的，因此她对此感到兴奋，推断她最喜欢这道菜。 2．第三段提到“Then he skillfully cut the duck into thin pieces in front of us.”，服务员在顾客面前将整只鸭子切成薄片，这需要高超的技巧和能力。选项 C“with great ability” (很有能力/熟练地) 与skillfully意思最接近。 3．通读全文可知，文中提到的菜品有“Mapo Tofu”、“Gongbao Chicken”、“Beijing Duck”和 “dumplings”。选项B在文中并未提及。 4．第一段“had a special dinner at a new restaurant”及最后一段“We all enjoyed the dinner very much.”，整篇文章围绕这次愉快的用餐经历展开，描述了食物和服务。选项C“To describe a wonderful dining experience at a restaurant.”最符合文章主旨。 Antarctica (南极洲) is very cold. But there, Xia Rongjun made people feel warm with his cooking! Xia Rongjun once cooked for China’s Antarctic expedition (考察) team at Zhongshan Station from 1998 to 1999. He cooked for about 200 people every day, making over 40 different Chinese dishes like meats, noodles and soups. The delicious smells from his cooking could go very far away. Sometimes, even foreign (外国的) expedition teams wanted to try his food. Xia made sure the meals were healthy by working with a doctor. They used health check data (数据) to plan the meals and help the team stay strong. During the winter in Antarctica, there might be no sunlight for many days. Some team members easily felt sad and tired. To cheer them up, Xia invited (邀请) team members from different parts of China to cook their favorite hometown dishes. This made everyone happy and brought them together. They made dishes like Beijing hot pot and snacks from Xiamen. The team enjoyed these meals so much. This fun cooking way not only fed them but also warmed their hearts. About one year later, when Xia was about to return to our country, the new station leader, Liu Shuyan, brought fresh fruits and vegetables to the team. He was surprised by the team’s physical condition—the best of all earlier expedition teams. Thanks to Xia’s hard work, the expedition team stayed healthy and did a great job with their scientific research. 1．How long did Xia cook at Zhongshan Station? A．For about 6 months. B．For about 1 year. C．For about 3 years. D．For about 4 years. 2．What did Xia do to make sure the meals were healthy? A．He learned from foreign cooks. B．He used health check data with a doctor. C．He often asked team members for advice. D．He bought fresh vegetables and fruits every day. 3．Why did Xia invite team members to cook their hometown dishes? A．To save his own time. B．To improve his cooking skills. C．To show off different Chinese foods. D．To cheer up the sad and tired team members. 4．Why does the writer mention that Liu Shuyan was surprised? A．To show that Xia did a great job. B．To detail the difficult conditions in Antarctica. C．To show why the team needed such a new leader. D．To introduce the research work of the expedition team. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Stay Safe in Bad Weather B．How to Keep Healthy in Cold Places C．He Warmed Hearts with Food in the Cold D．He Explored Antarctica with Scientific Research 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了夏荣军在南极中山站担任厨师期间，通过健康美味的饮食和创意烹饪方式，不仅保障了科考队员的身体健康，更温暖了队员们的心灵，助力团队顺利完成科考任务的故事。 1．根据第二段“Xia Rongjun once cooked for China’s Antarctic expedition team at Zhongshan Station from 1998 to 1999.”和第四段“About one year later, when Xia was about to return to our country”可知，他从1998到1999年在此工作，时长约为一年。 2．根据第三段“Xia made sure the meals were healthy by working with a doctor. They used health check data to plan the meals and help the team stay strong.”可知，他与医生合作，利用健康检查数据规划餐食，以确保饭菜健康。 3．根据第三段“Some team members easily felt sad and tired. To cheer them up, Xia invited team members from different parts of China to cook their favorite hometown dishes.”可知，他邀请队员做家乡菜是为了让感到悲伤和疲惫的队员振作起来。 4．根据第四段“He was surprised by the team’s physical condition—the best of all earlier expedition teams.”和第五段“Thanks to Xia’s hard work, the expedition team stayed healthy and did a great job with their scientific research.”可知，新任站长刘书燕被队员们史上最佳的身体状况所震惊，这一细节侧面体现了夏荣军的工作成效，说明他做得非常出色。 5．全文围绕夏荣军在南极的烹饪工作展开，他用食物不仅让队员保持健康，更温暖了大家的心灵，选项C“He Warmed Hearts with Food in the Cold”精准概括了文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。 Chinese hot pot, with a history of over 1,000 years, is one of the most popular dishes in China. In the past, people only enjoyed it in winter. But now, you can see it on dining tables all year round. To enjoy Chinese hot pot, prepare a pot of broth at the center of the table first. Next, place different kinds of ingredients around the pot. After that, boil whatever you like in the broth and then eat it. Besides its delicious taste, people love hot pot for two other important reasons. First, having hot pot is a great way to enjoy time with family or friends. This helps them get better relationships. Second, boiling is a good way to cook food, and having hot pot can quickly warm your body in cold weather. There are many types of hot pot in China. Among them, the Sichuan hot pot and the Beijing mutton hot pot stand out. The Sichuan hot pot is famous for its numbing and spicy (麻辣的) taste, and it’s so popular that you can find it in almost every city across China. As for the Beijing mutton hot pot, you can mainly find it in North China. The pot is usually made of copper (铜), and mutton is the main ingredient. When you have hot pot, you should add ingredients to the boiling broth. And remember to eat the ingredients only after they are fully cooked. Chinese hot pot Introduction * It has a 1 history. * People can now enjoy it without thinking about the season. 2 → fill the pot with broth → put ingredients beside the pot → boil the ingredients → enjoy hot pot Reasons for its popularity * having a good taste * improving people’s 3 * being good for people’s health Two types The Sichuan hot pot:★ It is famous for its numbing and spicy taste. ★ It is 4 with Chinese people around the country. The Beijing mutton hot pot: ★ The pot is usually made of copper and the main ingredient is mutton. ★ You can try it in North China. Advice *Add ingredients to the broth when it is 5 . * Make sure the ingredients are fully cooked. 【答案】1．long 2．Instructions/Steps 3．relationships 4．popular 5．boiling 【导语】本文介绍了有着上千年历史的中国火锅，讲述了它的食用方式、受欢迎的原因、两种代表性的火锅以及吃火锅的注意事项。 1．第一段提到“with a history of over 1,000 years”，说明火锅有一千多年的历史。have a long history表示“有悠久的历史”，long表示“长久的”，形容词作定语，符合文意。故填long。 2．右侧详细列出了吃火锅的几个步骤，此处应表示“用法说明”或“步骤”，对应的英文分别是instruction和step，表示多个步骤，应使用复数形式，且首字母大写，故填Instructions/Steps。 3．第三段提到“This helps them get better relationships”，说明吃火锅有助于人们建立更良好的关系，helps them get better relationships等同于improve people’s relationships，故填relationships。 4．第四段提到“it’s so popular that you can find it in almost every city across China”，说明四川火锅在全国范围内深受中国民众的喜爱，原句等同于It is popular with Chinese people around the country，故填popular。 5．最后一段提到“add ingredients to the boiling broth”，指出将配料加入正在沸腾的肉汤中，the boiling broth等同于when it is boiling，故填boiling。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业05 感叹句和名词的数 感叹句 一、感叹句定义 用来表达喜怒哀乐、赞美、惊讶、感叹等强烈情感的句子，句末一律用感叹号！ 二、What 感叹句三大句型 句型1：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + （主+谓）！ 结构口诀：What+a/an+形+单名 例句 1. What a beautiful girl (she is)! 多么漂亮的女孩啊！ 1. What an interesting book (it is)! 多么有趣的一本书啊！ 句型2：What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + （主+谓）！ 例句 1. What lovely flowers (they are)! 多么漂亮的花啊！ 1. What clever boys (they are)! 多么聪明的男孩们啊！ 句型3：What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + （主+谓）！ 例句 1. What fine weather (it is)! 多么好的天气啊！ 1. What delicious food (it is)! 多么美味的食物啊！ 重点铁律 weather / food / news / water 等不可数名词，永远不加 a/an 三、How 感叹句两大句型 句型1：How + 形容词 +（主+谓）！ 例句 1. How beautiful (she is)! 她多美啊！ 1. How cold (it is)! 天气真冷！ 句型2：How + 副词 +（主+谓）！ 例句 1. How fast he runs! 他跑得真快！ 1. How carefully she writes! 她写得真认真！ 极简总结 How 后面直接接形容词/副词，不接名词！ 四、省略原则（考试默认） 感叹句末尾的 主语+谓语 可以全部省略，不影响句型、不扣分。 完整句：What a nice day it is! 省略句：What a nice day!（最常考） 五、What 和 How 互换万能公式（句型转换必考） 1. What a beautiful girl! = How beautiful the girl is! 1. What fine weather! = How fine the weather is! 互换口诀 What 有名，How有形；How句型必须加 the 名词的数 一、核心概念 1. 名词定义 名词用来表示人、事物、地点、时间、抽象概念，是英语句子最基础核心词。 2. 名词核心分类 1. 可数名词：可以一个一个直接数清，有单数、复数两种形式。 1. 不可数名词：无法直接逐个计数，只有单数、没有复数，不能直接加 a/an。 二、可数名词详解 1. 定义 可以直接数数的人或具体物品。 例：student（学生）、apple（苹果）、desk（桌子）、book（书本） 2. 两种形态 1. 单数：数量为 1，可搭配 a / an 2. 复数：数量 ≥2，词尾需要变复数 3. 可数名词复数规则变化（中考必考） ① 一般情况：直接加 -s book→books、pen→pens、girl→girls、bag→bags ② s / x / ch / sh 结尾：加 -es bus→buses、box→boxes、watch→watches、brush→brushes ③ 辅音字母 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 -es city→cities、family→families、factory→factories 特例：元音字母+y，直接加s boy→boys、day→days、toy→toys ④ f / fe 结尾：变 f/fe 为 v 加 -es knife→knives、leaf→leaves、wife→wives、wolf→wolves ⑤ o 结尾（必考口诀） 1. 有生命加 es：tomato→tomatoes、potato→potatoes 2. 无生命加 s：photo→photos、piano→pianos、radio→radios 4. 可数名词不规则复数（必背） man→men woman→women child→children foot→feet tooth→teeth mouse→mice 5. 单复数同形（不变形） sheep（绵羊）、deer（鹿）、fish（鱼，指条数） 三、不可数名词详解 1. 定义 无法直接逐个计数、没有复数、不能加 a/an。 2. 四大必考分类（必记） （1）液体类 water 水、milk 牛奶、juice 果汁、tea 茶、coffee 咖啡 （2）细碎颗粒、食物类 rice 米饭、salt 盐、sugar 糖、bread 面包、meat 肉 （3）抽象不可数（考试最大陷阱） news 新闻、weather 天气、advice 建议、information 信息、work 工作、health 健康 （4）学科、球类、三餐 English、math、history、basketball、breakfast、lunch、dinner 3. 不可数名词五大铁律 1. 永远不加 s，无复数形式 1. 前面不能直接加 a / an 1. 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 1. 不能用 many、few 修饰 1. 表达数量必须借助量词 四、量词万能搭配结构（填空、句型转换必考） 1. 可数名词量词结构 数词 + 量词复数 + of + 可数复数 two baskets of apples 两篮苹果 2. 不可数名词量词结构 数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词 a piece of bread 一片面包 two cups of tea 两杯茶 three glasses of water 三杯水 五、修饰词严格区分（单选秒杀点） 只修饰【可数名词复数】 many（许多）、few（几乎没有）、a few（有一点）、how many（多少） 只修饰【不可数名词】 much（许多）、little（几乎没有）、a little（有一点）、how much（多少） 可数、不可数均可修饰 some、any、lots of、a lot of、all 六、易混名词“可/不可”特殊辨析 1. fish：条数不可数，种类可数(fishes) 1. chicken：鸡肉不可数，小鸡可数(chickens) 1. fruit：泛指水果不可数，特指多种水果可数(fruits) 1. glass：玻璃不可数，玻璃杯可数(glasses) 一、单项选择 1．— __________ important tool the computer is! — I think so. A．What B．How C．What an D．How an 2．________ great progress she has made in her schoolwork this term! A．What a B．What C．How a D．How 3．— Look at those flowers. —________ beautiful. A．How B．Do C．What D．Which 4．________ it seems to cook stir-fried eggs and tomatoes! A．How simply B．What simple C．What simply D．How simple 5．—________ interesting movie it is! Let’s go to the theater. —Great idea. Let’s go. A．How B．How a C．What an D．What a 6．________ clever he is! I like your new friend. A．How B．What C．What an 7．—________ bad weather it was yesterday!  —Yes. The rain was falling all the time. It was ________ awful day! A．What a; a B．What a; an C．What; a D．What; an 8．________ exciting movie it is! I want to watch it again. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 9．________ beautiful day! It’s a good time to fly kites in the park. A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 10．________ wonderful the school sports meeting was! We all had a great time last Friday. A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 11．— ________ beautiful the garden is! —Yes, and it is ________ than the one in our neighborhood. A．How; more beautiful B．What; more beautiful C．How; beautiful D．What a; beautiful 12．—________ nice weather it is! —Let’s go out for a walk. A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 13．_________ useful information about environmental protection they’ve shared on social media! A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 14．—________ delicious the hot and sour soup tastes! — Thank you. I learned to cook it from the textbook’s recipe. A．How B．What C．What a 15．Molly won first prize in the singing competition yesterday. ________ excellent she is! A．How B．What C．How a D．What an 16．There are three ________ in our class. A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germany 17．—What else do we need to make the milkshake, Mum?        —We need ________. A．two cup of milks B．two cups of milk C．two cup of milk 18．We need some ________ and ________ to make the fruit salad. A．apple; honey B．apples; honey C．apple; honeys D．apples; honeys 19．—Mom, I’m very hungry. I’d like something to eat. —There are some________ on the table. A．cheese B．chickens C．cakes D．beef 20．I went to the hospital yesterday. I found a few ________ there. A．man nurses B．men nurse C．men nurses D．man nurse 二、完成句子 21．你能帮我把这些土豆切碎吗？ Could you help me ________? 22．蛋糕足够供这里的每个人吃。 There are ________ ________ for everyone here. 23．首先，把一些黄油放在一片面包上。 First, put ________ ________ on a piece of bread. 24．做爆米花，两勺黄油应该就够了。 To make popcorn, ________ ________ of butter should be enough. 25．数字科技是多么好的援手！ ________ ________ helping hand the digital technology is! 26．小女孩躲在妈妈身后，她多害羞啊！ The little girl hid behind her mother. ________ ________ she was! 27．The book is very interesting. (改为感叹句) ________ ________ interesting book it is! 28．多么开心的一个节日啊！ ________ ________ happy holiday it is! 29．They are lucky to have such a good teacher. (改为感叹句) ________ ________ they are to have such a good teacher! 30．黄果树瀑布多么令人惊叹啊！ _________ ________ the Huangguoshu Waterfall is! 一、选词填空 阅读下面语篇，从方框中选择恰当单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一个词或短语，每个单词或短语限填一次。 ask,  mix,  cut,  into,  fill,  share,  good,  smile,  happy,  warm Last month, our class decided to have a food-sharing day. Everyone was excited to bring their favourite homemade dishes. I 1 my mom to make some cookies. We spent the whole morning in the kitchen. First, we 2 butter and sugar together until they became smooth (光滑细腻的). Then we added eggs and flour. I 3 the dough 4 small balls and put them on a baking tray (烤盘). On the food-sharing day, the classroom was 5 with different smells. There were cakes, sandwiches, and noodles. We put all the food on the desks. When everyone sat down, our teacher said, “Today, we’re not just eating. We’re sharing love and happiness.” We started to 6 the food with each other. I tried a piece of Anna’s pizza. It was the 7 (good) pizza I’d ever had! She told me her grandma taught her how to make it. I gave my cookies to my friends, and they all 8 (smile) at me. That day, I learned that sharing food is like sharing 9 (happy). It makes us closer and 10 (warm). Now I can’t wait for the next food-sharing day! 阅读短文,从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意义完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 mix bowl school thousand ready because arrive share fit from Sally is an American girl. She studies in a 1 in Beijing. She enjoys staying here and she likes Chinese food best. In fact, most Chinese food in America can be traced back to (追溯到) Guangdong. In the mid-19th century, 2 of Chinese came to America from Guangdong to look for jobs. They 3 in some places like San Francisco. Of course, they brought their dishes. But later, they changed their dishes a lot to 4 American tastes. When Sally goes home for the holidays, her friends often ask her about Chinese food. She always tells them about mutton and carrot dumplings 5 they are Sally’s favourite food. She learned how to make them 6 a Chinese friend. Now she would like to 7 the recipe with her American friends. First, cut up mutton and carrots, and put them in a 8 . Then, add a little oil and salt to them and 9 them. When the filling (馅) is 10 , put one spoon of the filling on a dumpling wrapper (饺子皮) and fold it over. Finally, boil the dumplings in a pot for a few minutes. Now you can enjoy some delicious dumplings! 二、短文填空 Hunan is a special Chinese restaurant in London. It is famous because it does not have a real menu. This restaurant 1 (serve) creative Chinese food. Michael Peng runs Hunan now. He took 2 the restaurant from his father in 1999. His father opened the restaurant in 1982. He wanted 3 (introduce) Chinese food to London. At first, he focused on Hunan dishes. Later, he 4 (add) dishes from other places in China. 5 is the most special part of Hunan? It’s the “Leave it to us” menu. When you sit down, you just tell the waiter your food dislikes. Then, you can relax and wait 6 the delicious meal to arrive. This idea was unusual in 7 1980s but is now popular. Michael chooses the ingredients 8 (careful). For example, he buys fresh seafood directly from fishermen. His dishes are simple but of high quality. Running Hunan is 9 (challenge). Customers must trust the cooks to choose dishes for their meals. Sometimes, there is an 10 (argue), but Hunan’s good food and friendly service have brought in many customers. Michael works hard to keep the restaurant’s special dining experience alive (继续存在). 短文填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Sunday, my family and I decided to cook a special dinner. My father wanted 1 (make) chicken soup. My mother said she would teach me how to cook vegetables. I was very happy to hear that. First, we 2 (go) to the market to buy some fresh food. We bought a chicken, some carrots, potatoes and tomatoes. Then, we started cooking. My father washed the chicken and put it into a big pot. My mother helped me wash the vegetables. Then she taught me how to cut 3 (they). “Be careful with the knife,” she said. About one hour later, the dinner 4 (be) ready. The chicken soup 5 (smell) wonderful. The vegetables looked colorful. We all sat down and enjoyed the delicious food together. “What 6 delicious dinner!” I said. My parents smiled. After dinner, I thought about my 7 (person) plan. I am 8 (go) to learn to cook more 9 (dish). I think it is a useful skill. I 10 (real) want to be a good cook like my mother one day. 三、完形填空 For me, cooking is more than just making food—it’s a good way to share my love with my family. I fell in love with it 1 I was ten, watching Mum stir-fry vegetables in a hot pan. Sometimes, she asked me to 2 a pinch (撮) of pepper. That small job made me feel so happy. On weekends, we often made pancakes 3 . Mum poured flour into a bowl. I mixed the flour 4 milk and butter. I often spilled (洒出) things and made a 5 , but the kitchen was always full of sweetness. Mum would laugh and say, “Mistakes taste good too.” Last Thanksgiving, I tried to make a pumpkin pie by 6 . Following the recipe, I 7 the pumpkin, boiled it, and mashed it. Then, I added sugar, salt and cream. Next, I poured the mixture into a pie crust. After that, Mum helped me put it in the oven. Finally, the pie was ready. Although it wasn’t 8 , everyone loved it. From these experiences, I 9 that love is in small moments. The best meals aren’t just about the ingredients or recipes. They’re also about the people around the table—laughing, sharing, and creating 10 . That’s the real magic of cooking. 1．A．until B．if C．when 2．A．lend B．fill C．add 3．A．together B．actually C．again 4．A．on B．with C．under 5．A．surprise B．mess C．choice 6．A．myself B．yourself C．herself 7．A．put out B．cut up C．hung up 8．A．warm B．strange C．perfect 9．A．realized B．taught C．forgot 10．A．secrets B．duties C．memories In Shanghai, a new ice cream shop became famous for its new food: ice cream made from traditional Chinese medicine (中药). There are many different 1 for you to choose. The workers said they use ice cream as the main part and add a few herbal ingredients (草本成分) to 2 the taste. The TCM ice cream got popular 3 . The hashtag (话题标签) about it on Weibo got over 50 million views and 10,000 comments. Some people are not sure if the ice cream can 4 traditional Chinese medicine because they don’t know if it’s good 5 health. However, others show 6 interest. “My last bit of guilt (负罪感) about ice cream now goes away,” a woman from Weibo said. The rise of TCM ice cream 7 that traditional Chinese medicine has become the popular ingredient of modern food. Today young people place more importance on 8 and cultural confidence (自信). Interestingly, TCM is not just in ice cream but also in drinks. For example, we 9 chrysanthemums (菊花) and goji berries (枸杞) into tea to keep healthy and energetic. These kinds of foods are becoming more popular 10 for young people than milk tea because they mix old wisdom with modern life. 1．A．feelings B．prices C．tastes D．steps 2．A．improve B．remind C．smell D．describe 3．A．quickly B．slowly C．simply D．freshly 4．A．do with B．pack up C．mix with D．look up 5．A．of B．for C．at D．to 6．A．our B．their C．your D．its 7．A．asks B．hopes C．invites D．shows 8．A．health B．money C．study D．dream 9．A．grow B．make C．drink D．put 10．A．choices B．facts C．habits D．tools 四、阅读理解 Last Sunday, my parents and I had a special dinner at a new restaurant. When we walked in, the restaurant looked very clean and beautiful. Soft music was playing, and the waiters were very friendly. The menu had many kinds of food. We decided to try some traditional Chinese dishes. First, we ordered Mapo Tofu. It looked red and smelled spicy. My mom loves spicy food, so she was very excited. Then we had Gongbao Chicken. The chicken pieces were mixed with peanuts (坚果) and vegetables. It tasted sweet and a little bit spicy. The most amazing dish was Beijing Duck. The waiter brought a whole duck to our table first. Then he skillfully cut the duck into thin pieces in front of us. He told us to eat the duck with thin pancakes, green onions, and a special kind of sauce (调味汁). When I put a piece of duck with some onions and sauce in a pancake and ate it, I couldn’t help saying, “What a delicious meal!” After the main dishes, we had some dumplings. They were filled with meat and vegetables. My dad said they were as good as the ones my grandmother made. We all enjoyed the dinner very much. I think I will ask my parents to take me there again next time. 1．Which dish did the writer’s mother like best? A．Mapo Tofu. B．Gongbao Chicken. C．Beijing Duck. D．Dumplings. 2．What does the underlined word “skillfully” mean in Paragraph 3? A．quickly B．carefully C．with great ability D．loudly 3．Which of the following dishes is NOT mentioned (提及) in the passage? A．Mapo Tofu. B．Sweet and sour pork. C．Gongbao Chicken. D．Beijing Duck. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To introduce different kinds of Chinese food. B．To explain how to cook Beijing Duck C．To describe a wonderful dining experience at a restaurant. D．To compare homemade food with restaurant food. Antarctica (南极洲) is very cold. But there, Xia Rongjun made people feel warm with his cooking! Xia Rongjun once cooked for China’s Antarctic expedition (考察) team at Zhongshan Station from 1998 to 1999. He cooked for about 200 people every day, making over 40 different Chinese dishes like meats, noodles and soups. The delicious smells from his cooking could go very far away. Sometimes, even foreign (外国的) expedition teams wanted to try his food. Xia made sure the meals were healthy by working with a doctor. They used health check data (数据) to plan the meals and help the team stay strong. During the winter in Antarctica, there might be no sunlight for many days. Some team members easily felt sad and tired. To cheer them up, Xia invited (邀请) team members from different parts of China to cook their favorite hometown dishes. This made everyone happy and brought them together. They made dishes like Beijing hot pot and snacks from Xiamen. The team enjoyed these meals so much. This fun cooking way not only fed them but also warmed their hearts. About one year later, when Xia was about to return to our country, the new station leader, Liu Shuyan, brought fresh fruits and vegetables to the team. He was surprised by the team’s physical condition—the best of all earlier expedition teams. Thanks to Xia’s hard work, the expedition team stayed healthy and did a great job with their scientific research. 1．How long did Xia cook at Zhongshan Station? A．For about 6 months. B．For about 1 year. C．For about 3 years. D．For about 4 years. 2．What did Xia do to make sure the meals were healthy? A．He learned from foreign cooks. B．He used health check data with a doctor. C．He often asked team members for advice. D．He bought fresh vegetables and fruits every day. 3．Why did Xia invite team members to cook their hometown dishes? A．To save his own time. B．To improve his cooking skills. C．To show off different Chinese foods. D．To cheer up the sad and tired team members. 4．Why does the writer mention that Liu Shuyan was surprised? A．To show that Xia did a great job. B．To detail the difficult conditions in Antarctica. C．To show why the team needed such a new leader. D．To introduce the research work of the expedition team. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Stay Safe in Bad Weather B．How to Keep Healthy in Cold Places C．He Warmed Hearts with Food in the Cold D．He Explored Antarctica with Scientific Research Chinese hot pot, with a history of over 1,000 years, is one of the most popular dishes in China. In the past, people only enjoyed it in winter. But now, you can see it on dining tables all year round. To enjoy Chinese hot pot, prepare a pot of broth at the center of the table first. Next, place different kinds of ingredients around the pot. After that, boil whatever you like in the broth and then eat it. Besides its delicious taste, people love hot pot for two other important reasons. First, having hot pot is a great way to enjoy time with family or friends. This helps them get better relationships. Second, boiling is a good way to cook food, and having hot pot can quickly warm your body in cold weather. There are many types of hot pot in China. Among them, the Sichuan hot pot and the Beijing mutton hot pot stand out. The Sichuan hot pot is famous for its numbing and spicy (麻辣的) taste, and it’s so popular that you can find it in almost every city across China. As for the Beijing mutton hot pot, you can mainly find it in North China. The pot is usually made of copper (铜), and mutton is the main ingredient. When you have hot pot, you should add ingredients to the boiling broth. And remember to eat the ingredients only after they are fully cooked. Chinese hot pot Introduction * It has a 1 history. * People can now enjoy it without thinking about the season. 2 → fill the pot with broth → put ingredients beside the pot → boil the ingredients → enjoy hot pot Reasons for its popularity * having a good taste * improving people’s 3 * being good for people’s health Two types The Sichuan hot pot:★ It is famous for its numbing and spicy taste. ★ It is 4 with Chinese people around the country. The Beijing mutton hot pot: ★ The pot is usually made of copper and the main ingredient is mutton. ★ You can try it in North China. Advice *Add ingredients to the broth when it is 5 . * Make sure the ingredients are fully cooked. 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $