专题03 非谓语动词2 动名词（考点全解析）（暑假复习讲义）新高二英语外研版

专题03 非谓语动词2动名词（考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 动名词作主语 考点二 动名词作表语 考点三 动名词作定语 考点四 只接动名词作宾语的动词 考点五 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 考点六 含介词to的动词短语 考点七 常接省略介词的动词短语 考点八 动名词的被动式、否定式和完成式 考点九 动名词主动形式被动意义 考点十 动名词复合结构典型用法 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 句法 结构 主语 Since Mary was five years old, swimming has been her hobby. It is no use/ no good/ fun/ nice/ money/ waste of time + doing sth. There is no telling（不可预测）/joking （不可以开玩笑）/ denying 宾语 Mary enjoys swimming more than spending time with her friends. Everyone knew that he was devoted to swimming. enjoy, finish, consider, avoid, excuse, deny, mind, miss, keep, risk, practise, spend --- (in), mention, put off, keep on, give up, devote oneself to, can’t help （不禁），feel like, look forward to, be used to, be proud of, insist on (坚持), be fond of 表语 Her job is taking care of the children. 定语 He may be in the reading room. 结构 1）一般式： He loves talking with people. 2）否定式 ： He is criticized for not coming to class. 3）动名词的完成式： I am not aware of having done wrong. 4）动名词的被动式： He doesn’t like being treated like that. 特殊 动名词的复合结构 His coming is a great help . 1) 动名词做主语时，逻辑主语必须用名词或代词的所有格。 Tom’s (His) coming is what we want. 2) 动名词做宾语时，逻辑主语可以用名词普通格,代词所有格或或者代词的宾格。 She doesn’t mind Jack’s (Jack) being late. I don’t mind him going. 3) 逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。 Is there any hope of our team winning the match. 4) 当逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone时，只用普通格。 She is worried about somebody shouting outside. 词组 1) need, want, require, deserve + doing sth 用主动表示被动。 2) be worth doing = be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done 3) forget, remember 后加doing表示已经做过，加to do表示还没有做过。 4) regret, mean, stop, try等动词后面既可以加动名词也可以加不定式，但意思不同。 5) love, hate, like, dislike 等词后面用动名词表示一贯性动作，当指一次性具体动作时，我们用不定式。 6) begin & start后面接动名词或者不定式，一般没有区别，但在下面两种情况下只用不定式。 · begin 和start本身处于进行时态。 · begin 和start后面的动词是表示心理活动的词 (understand, know, believe etc) · 主语是没有生命的对象 ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 动名词作主语 【知识精讲】 1.动名词位于句首直接作主语，泛指一个抽象概念，谓语用单数形式。 Swimming is good for health. 游泳对健康有益。 Watching too much TV harms eyesight. 看太多电视伤害视力。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 It is no use/good doing…等句型。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收，为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没用的。 It is no good eating too much junk food. 吃太多垃圾食品没有好处。 3.用于There is no doing…固定句型，语气强硬。 There is no denying that he is an excellent leader. 不可否认，他是一位出色的领导者。 There is no telling what will happen tomorrow. 谁也说不准明天会发生什么。 【巩固提升】 1． (admit) his mistake bravely won him respect from his teachers and classmates. 2． (tend) to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. 3． (expose) to loud noise for a long time may cause hearing damage. 4． (address) the problem of traffic congestion requires joint efforts from the government and the public. 5． (maintain) a positive attitude helps solve problems easily. 考点二 动名词作表语 【知识精讲】 动名词作表语时主语通常是对主语的解释说明。 The real challenge is finishing the project on time. 真正的挑战是按时完成项目。 What I enjoy most is reading in the quiet library. 我最喜欢的事是在安静的图书馆看书。 【巩固提升】 1．A small number of nanoparticles could be the (solve) to a problem that has troubled plastics producers for a long time. 2．Some of the unlikely things Matt did were (write) a book and going on a speaking tour. 3．The queen’s work is (lay) eggs. 4．The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn’t (reach) the top. 5．The so-called Mint Mambo Style is simply (dress) in shades of fresh green. 考点三 动名词作定语 【知识精讲】 1.动名词作定语时，主要用于修饰名词，说明被修饰词的性质、用途或与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系。 a swimming pool 游泳池（= a pool for swimming） a walking stick 拐杖（= a stick for walking） 2.易错提醒：现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在发生的动作；过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已完成的动作；不定式作定语表示一个将要发生的动作。 I met a girl carrying a big bag. 我遇到了一个背着大袋子的女孩。 The broken window needs to be repaired. 那扇被打碎的窗户需要修理。 I have a meeting to attend tomorrow. 我明天有个会议要参加。 【巩固提升】 1．There is a (swim) pool in our school, which is free of charge. 2．Waving a pole that she had placed inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole (dance) show. 3．When I gave the dress to Anne for her birthday, I saw the excitement in her eye as she tore off the (wrap) paper. 4．The young girl has got a (dress) table as a present for her 18th birthday. 5．The festival concludes with a symbolic ceremony that represents unity. Two community volunteers in this playful ritual every year. (wedding) 考点四 只接动名词作宾语的动词 【知识精讲】 1. 英语中有些动词只能接动名词作宾语。 mind介意/miss错过, enjoy喜欢/escape逃避, consider考虑 avoid避免/appreciate感激/advocate提倡/allow允许, risk冒险, finish完成/forbid禁止/fancy想要, imagine想象, practise实践/postpone推迟, suggest建议, delay延迟 The doctor suggested exercising regularly. 医生建议定期锻炼。 They are considering moving to London. 他们在考虑搬到伦敦 2. 在特定语境中还应考虑用动名词的被动形式being done。 The bird escaped being caught. 那只鸟逃脱了被捕捉的命运。 They complained about being given too much work. 他们抱怨被分配了太多工作。 【巩固提升】 1．They proposed ____________(form)a group to investigate the case. 2．If policymakers truly advocate___________ (build) a sustainable future, they should start by implementing these environmentally friendly transportation solutions immediately. 3．Mr Smith was angry with Jim because he kept ___________ (chat) with his friends in class. 4．He used (be) late for school, but now he is used to (get) up early. 5．You should persuade him to quit (smoke) though he is so stubborn that he never listens to others. 6．She was scared of (walk) home alone in the fog,so she called a taxi. 7．Having small children means (restrict) your freedom. 7．When he realized he was late for the exam, he couldn’t help (panic). 考点五 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 【知识精讲】 英语中有一些动词后接不定式和动名词时，意义差别较大，这类动词是语法中的重点和易错点。 forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） She forgot to turn off the lights. 她忘记关灯了。 I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的情景。 remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） Remember to lock the door before leaving. 离开前记得锁门。 I remember locking the door today. 我记得今天锁门了。 regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 He regrets quitting his job. 他后悔辞掉了工作。 go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） After finishing math, he went on to study physics. 做完数学后，他接着学物理。 They went on working despite the rain. 尽管下雨，他们仍继续工作。 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。 Please stop talking. 请停止说话。 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy.抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。 She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） I mean to finish the report today. 我打算今天完成报告。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。 try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） She tried to solve the problem. 她努力解决这个问题。 Try adding some sugar to make it taste better. 试着加点糖，让它味道更好些。 【巩固提升】 1．I remember (lock) the door before I left home, but now it’s wide open. 2．It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop _________(eat) before you feel full. 3．To take life easy doesn’t mean (do) nothing at all, but grasping every opportunity to do good deeds. 考点六 含介词to的动词短语 【知识精讲】 英语中有些动词短语含有介词to，后接名词或动名词作宾语。 look forward to doing 盼望做某事 get down to doing 着手做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be accustomed to doing习惯于做某事 stick to doing 坚持做某事 pay attention to doing 注意做某事 devote oneself to doing 致力于做某事 commit oneself to doing 致力于做某事 apply oneself to doing 致力于做某事 object to doing 反对做某事 be opposed to doing 反对做某事 When it comes to doing 谈到做某事 attach importance to doing 重视做某事 She looks forward to meeting her old friends.（她期待见到老朋友。 He objects to being treated like a child.（他反对被当成孩子对待。 He devotes himself to studying traditional art.（他致力于研究传统艺术。 There are no shortcuts when it comes to building trust. 涉及到建立信任，没有捷径可走。 If you apply yourself to mastering this skill, you'll succeed sooner or later. 如果你专心致志掌握这项技能，迟早会成功的。 【巩固提升】 1．If you are a student, do devote yourself to (digest) your teachers’ instruction until you fully understand it. 2．The accident serves as a warning to all wilderness lovers about the potential dangers that can lead to________ (bite) by poisonous insects in the wild. 3．When it comes to (rate) restaurants, food taste and service quality are top considerations. 考点七 常接省略介词的动词短语 【知识精讲】 spend money (in) doing 花费时间做某事 waste time (in) doing浪费时间做某事 be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事 prevent/stop sb (from) doing阻止某人做某事 have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing做某事有困难 have fun (in) doing 做某事开心 There is no point/sense (in) doing做某事没有用 There is no harm (in) doing不妨做某事 have problems (in) doing做某事有困难 They spent a lot of money (in) decorating their new house. 他们花了很多钱装修新房子。 Don't waste time (in) arguing with him. 别浪费时间和他争论。 She tried to stop him (from) making a mistake. 她试图阻止他犯错误。 【巩固提升】 1．The rescue team managed to work for two hours without (interrupt). 2．Sometimes it just takes a flash of inspiration to realize that the career you really feel like (dive) into has always been there. 3．There is no harm in (set) off early in such an extreme weather. 考点八 动名词的被动式、否定式和完成式（以动词find为例） 【知识精讲】 内容 主动语态 被动语态 否定式 一般式 finding being found not finding 完成式 having found having been found not having found （一般式）She left without saying goodbye. 她没说再见就离开了。 （完成式）She was praised for having saved the child. 她因救了那个孩子而受到表扬。 （被动式）Being invited to the party made her very happy. 被邀请参加派对让她非常开心。 （完成被动式）She is proud of having been selected as the team leader. 她为自己被选为队长而自豪。 （否定式）He regretted not having finished the work on time. 他后悔没有按时完成工作。 【巩固提升】 1． (admit) to the top university brought him a great sense of achievement. 2．She said sorry to me and admitted (take) my umbrella by mistake. 3． （expose） to the English broadcast can do a lot of good to your English study. 考点九 动名词主动形式被动意义 【知识精讲】 1.want/need/require表示“需要”，后接动名词，动名词主动形式表示被动意义。 want/need/require doing=want/need/require to be done The room wants cleaning immediately.= The room wants to be cleaned immediately. 这个房间需要马上打扫。 The problem requires solving as soon as possible.= The problem requires to be solved as soon as possible. 这个问题需要尽快解决。 2. deserve表示“值得做”，后接动名词，动名词主动形式表示被动意义。 deserve doing=deserve to be done His courage deserves praising.= His courage deserves to be praised. 他的勇气值得被赞扬。 3. be worth doing表示“值得做”，后接动名词，主动形式表示被动意义。 His suggestion is worth considering. 他的建议值得考虑 【巩固提升】 1．These announcements, as symbols of love and individuality, remind us that some traditions are worth (preserve). 2．You are a good human being and you deserve (treat) as such. 3．Having done some worthwhile things during the summer vacation, she is worthy of (praise). 考点十 动名词复合结构典型用法 【知识精讲】 1.标准用法: ①名词所有格+doing (如Jane’s doing); ②形容词物主代词+doing(如her doing); 作主语、表语或宾语。 The team’s winning the game surprised everyone. 这个队赢得比赛让所有人都很惊讶。 Her coming to the party brightened everyone’s mood. 她的到来让派对上每个人的心情都变好了 The problem is their not taking the risk seriously. 问题在于他们没有认真对待这个风险。 I really appreciate your helping me with the project. 我非常感谢你帮我做这个项目。 2.省略用法: ①名词普通格+doing(Jane doing); ②宾格+doing 作表语或宾语(me doing)。 He doesn’t mind me using his computer. 他不介意我用他的电脑。 They all laughed at Tom falling off the bike. 他们都嘲笑汤姆从自行车上摔下来。 【巩固提升】 1．I don’t approve of your (go) out with him. 2．Her (lose) her new bike really made her mother very upset. 3．The newcomer’s (fail) to work out the technical problem didn’t make her lose heart. 4．Do you mind my (open) the window? 5．I really appreciate your (make) time in your schedule to attend the meeting today. 6．I’m considering the students (take) a short online course to improve their presentation skills. 7．He hated to be the centre of attention, couldn’t deal with (hug) or touched, and found it difficult to communicate his feelings. 8．The teacher insisted on all the homework (hand) in on Monday. 一．单句语法填空 1．Upon (hear) the news that her mother was badly injured, the girl grabbed her bag and headed home without hesitation. 2．Upon (hear) the exciting news, the whole class burst into cheers. 3．On (invite) to the conference, the scholar prepared a detailed report carefully. 4．He devotes most of his spare time to (learn) traditional Chinese painting. 5．I can’t stand people (talk) loudly in public places like libraries. 6．The community committee bans (burn) waste in the yard to keep the air clean. 7．Most teenagers enjoy (share) their daily lives with friends on social media platforms. 8．She regretted (ignore) the importance of plumbing maintenance, which caused a leak. 9．After hours of discussion, the team finally succeeded in (solve) the difficult problem. 10．Since (get) here, the girl has spent her time crying in pain. 11． (learn) a second language at an early age benefits children’s cognitive development a lot. 12．You should avoid (damage) the plumbing system when renovating the house. 13．Besides planting trees, volunteers also keep on (pick) up litter in the park every weekend. 14．It’s a waste of time (argue) with someone who never listens to reason. 15．We all look forward to (observe) dragonflies to take inspiration for drone design. 16．The old door needs (repaint) because the paint is peeling off and it’s hard to open. 17． The new nature park near our school is worth (explore) this autumn. 18．Researchers spent a month the data, and their detailed provided an basis for the research conclusion. (analyze) 19．My classmates assisted me in (prepare) for the speech contest, and I finally won the first prize. 20．He spent two hours every day (memorize) all the historical documents for the exam. 二．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Three champions of Paris Olympic Games shared their success stories with students at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, encouraging them 1 (dream) big. Tennis player Zheng Qinwen, diver Chang Yani and canoe (皮划艇) player Sun Mengya, all gold medal 2 (winner), were happy to return to the university they had attended. Zheng, 3 first Asian athlete to get a gold medal in women’s singles tennis in 128 years of Olympic history, 4 (tell) the students that winning not only brought glory but also made her inner self 5 (strong) and more confident. “But along this road to success, there may be difficulties, doubts, tears and failures. You must enjoy the process. When 6 (stand) at the top of the world and looking back, you will find that the efforts 7 you made in the past were worth it.” she added. You Zheng, president of the university, said their spirit of competing 8 national glory and never giving up on the field was 9 (true) worth learning for all members of the university. The students at the university 10 (teach) by the three champions basic movements of diving, canoeing and playing tennis. Chang and Sun donated the clothes they wore when winning the gold medals at the Paris Games with their names signed and Zheng gave away her tennis racket. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing’s Hutongs, a living testament to the city’s diverse culture, have a rich history 1 dates back over 800 years. The term “hutong”, originally meaning “water well” in Mongolian, reflected the need for access to water in the past. At first, these narrow alleys 2 (design) to accommodate the city’s growing population. The typical type of Hutong architecture is the single-story courtyard (院子) houses known as Siheyuan. These houses, 3 (common) built around a central courtyard with rooms and living spaces branching off from it, have been the residential (住宅) areas for people for centuries. The narrow alleys create a sense 4 community and promote social interaction among residents. One of the most famous Hutongs is Nanluoguxiang, offering 5 unique mix of cultural experiences and commercial activities. There is a lot 6 (explore) in it. Characterized by its narrow alleys lined with traditional shops and cozy cafes, it has become a hotspot for 7 (local) and tourists. Visitors can admire the traditional architecture, enjoy the local street food, 8 shop for traditional crafts and souvenirs. Today, Hutongs, with 9 (they) traditional architecture and layout, play a significant role in 10 (shape) Beijing’s identity. They offer a window into traditional Chinese architecture and lifestyle, reflecting the philosophy of harmony between nature and human life. C 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I was in elementary school, I didn’t like going to school. I had 1 (difficult) with reading and writing and I always could not answer the teacher’s questions 2 (correct). I cried a lot at school because I 3 (laugh) at by my classmates. My parents would always get mad at me. I felt very upset and didn’t have any interest 4 study. But then one day, I decided 5 (change) my attitude towards study. So I ended up 6 (pay) more attention in class and I started to practice my vocabulary and spelling skills. Also, I always 7 (go) to my teachers to ask for help when I had any trouble. I started to do better in Grade 3. 8 I was in Grade 4, I was still improving. By Grade 5, I had become the top student in class. Now as I am 9 senior high school student, I know it might be difficult at first. But I like my past in elementary school, I know if I keep working and don’t give up I will be 10 (success). D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The moment my senior high school started, my heart 1 (fill) with a mix of nervousness and excitement. All the things around me were new—the classmates, the teachers, the classrooms, and even the sound of the morning bell. I knew I had to get used 2 this challenging yet promising chapter of my life gradually. My first class was English. The teacher, Miss Xia, greeted us with a warm smile and encouraged us to explore new ways of 3 (learn). She brought in a plan 4 included creative work and group talks. When she asked me to share my thoughts. I got butterflies in my stomach, but her encouragement gave me the confidence to speak up. During the break, I met some classmates. Though we were 5 (stranger) at first, their friendly attitudes made me feel welcome. We shared our hobbies 6 talked about what our dreams for the future were, and I knew that many of us wanted to do our best. In 7 afternoon, we had a tour of the school library and labs. The librarian showed us how 8 (borrow) and return books. By the end of the day, my initial (最初的) anxiety had turned into 9 (curious). This first day left a deep impression on me. It wasn’t just about new textbooks or schedules—it was the beginning of a journey to 10 (slow) discover my potential. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 非谓语动词2动名词（考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 动名词作主语 考点二 动名词作表语 考点三 动名词作定语 考点四 只接动名词作宾语的动词 考点五 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 考点六 含介词to的动词短语 考点七 常接省略介词的动词短语 考点八 动名词的被动式、否定式和完成式 考点九 动名词主动形式被动意义 考点十 动名词复合结构典型用法 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 句法 结构 主语 Since Mary was five years old, swimming has been her hobby. It is no use/ no good/ fun/ nice/ money/ waste of time + doing sth. There is no telling（不可预测）/joking （不可以开玩笑）/ denying 宾语 Mary enjoys swimming more than spending time with her friends. Everyone knew that he was devoted to swimming. enjoy, finish, consider, avoid, excuse, deny, mind, miss, keep, risk, practise, spend --- (in), mention, put off, keep on, give up, devote oneself to, can’t help （不禁），feel like, look forward to, be used to, be proud of, insist on (坚持), be fond of 表语 Her job is taking care of the children. 定语 He may be in the reading room. 结构 1）一般式： He loves talking with people. 2）否定式 ： He is criticized for not coming to class. 3）动名词的完成式： I am not aware of having done wrong. 4）动名词的被动式： He doesn’t like being treated like that. 特殊 动名词的复合结构 His coming is a great help . 1) 动名词做主语时，逻辑主语必须用名词或代词的所有格。 Tom’s (His) coming is what we want. 2) 动名词做宾语时，逻辑主语可以用名词普通格,代词所有格或或者代词的宾格。 She doesn’t mind Jack’s (Jack) being late. I don’t mind him going. 3) 逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。 Is there any hope of our team winning the match. 4) 当逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone时，只用普通格。 She is worried about somebody shouting outside. 词组 1) need, want, require, deserve + doing sth 用主动表示被动。 2) be worth doing = be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done 3) forget, remember 后加doing表示已经做过，加to do表示还没有做过。 4) regret, mean, stop, try等动词后面既可以加动名词也可以加不定式，但意思不同。 5) love, hate, like, dislike 等词后面用动名词表示一贯性动作，当指一次性具体动作时，我们用不定式。 6) begin & start后面接动名词或者不定式，一般没有区别，但在下面两种情况下只用不定式。 · begin 和start本身处于进行时态。 · begin 和start后面的动词是表示心理活动的词 (understand, know, believe etc) · 主语是没有生命的对象 ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 动名词作主语 【知识精讲】 1.动名词位于句首直接作主语，泛指一个抽象概念，谓语用单数形式。 Swimming is good for health. 游泳对健康有益。 Watching too much TV harms eyesight. 看太多电视伤害视力。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 It is no use/good doing…等句型。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收，为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没用的。 It is no good eating too much junk food. 吃太多垃圾食品没有好处。 3.用于There is no doing…固定句型，语气强硬。 There is no denying that he is an excellent leader. 不可否认，他是一位出色的领导者。 There is no telling what will happen tomorrow. 谁也说不准明天会发生什么。 【巩固提升】 1． (admit) his mistake bravely won him respect from his teachers and classmates. 【答案】Admitting 【详解】句意：他勇于承认自己的错误，这使他赢得了老师和同学们的尊重。空格处作主语，应该用动名词形式admitting，位于句首，首字母应该大写。 2． (tend) to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. 【答案】Tending 【详解】句意：照料植物是一种锻炼耐心和学习的活动。此处作主语，表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应用tend“照料”的动名词形式tending，位于句首，首字母大写。 3． (expose) to loud noise for a long time may cause hearing damage. 【答案】Exposure/Being exposed 【详解】句意：长时间暴露在巨大噪音环境中可能会导致听力受损。作主语，可用名词exposure ，或动名词短语being exposed to，首字母大写。 4． (address) the problem of traffic congestion requires joint efforts from the government and the public. 【答案】Addressing 【详解】句意：解决交通拥堵问题需要政府和公众的共同努力。requires是谓语动词，空格处是主语成分。动词address不能直接作主语，需用动名词形式Addressing，句首单词首字母需大写。 5． (maintain) a positive attitude helps solve problems easily. 【答案】Maintaining 【详解】句意：保持积极的态度有助于轻松地解决问题。作主语用动名词形式，首字母大写。 考点二 动名词作表语 【知识精讲】 动名词作表语时主语通常是对主语的解释说明。 The real challenge is finishing the project on time. 真正的挑战是按时完成项目。 What I enjoy most is reading in the quiet library. 我最喜欢的事是在安静的图书馆看书。 【巩固提升】 1．A small number of nanoparticles could be the (solve) to a problem that has troubled plastics producers for a long time. 【答案】solution 【详解】句意：少量的纳米颗粒可能是解决长期困扰塑料生产商的问题的办法。此处作表语，由冠词the可知，表示“解决办法”，且此处为单数意义，应用名词solution。 2．Some of the unlikely things Matt did were (write) a book and going on a speaking tour. 【答案】writing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：马特做过的一些看似不可能的事包括写一本书和进行一次巡回演讲。根据“were”和并列连词“and”可知，此处与“going on a speaking tour”并列作表语，故应用动名词形式“writing”，表示“写”这一行为。故填writing。 3．The queen’s work is (lay) eggs. 【答案】laying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：蚁后的工作是产卵。lay是动词，意为“产（卵）”，此处用动名词laying作表语，表示工作的内容。故填laying。 4．The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn’t (reach) the top. 【答案】reaching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我看来，攀登乞力马扎罗山之旅最棒的部分并非登顶本身。空处作表语，且“登顶”描述的应该是一般的情况，非具体的、未来的动作，因此用reach“到达”的动名词形式。故填reaching。 5．The so-called Mint Mambo Style is simply (dress) in shades of fresh green. 【答案】dressing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所谓的薄荷曼波风格，只不过是穿着各种清新绿色调的衣服。is为系动词，后面需用动名词dressing作表语，构成“主系表”结构，说明Mint Mambo Style的具体内容。故填dressing。 考点三 动名词作定语 【知识精讲】 1.动名词作定语时，主要用于修饰名词，说明被修饰词的性质、用途或与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系。 a swimming pool 游泳池（= a pool for swimming） a walking stick 拐杖（= a stick for walking） 2.易错提醒：现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在发生的动作；过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已完成的动作；不定式作定语表示一个将要发生的动作。 I met a girl carrying a big bag. 我遇到了一个背着大袋子的女孩。 The broken window needs to be repaired. 那扇被打碎的窗户需要修理。 I have a meeting to attend tomorrow. 我明天有个会议要参加。 【巩固提升】 1．There is a (swim) pool in our school, which is free of charge. 【答案】swimming 【详解】句意：我们学校有一个免费的游泳池。设空处修饰名词pool，应用动名词swimming作定语，表用途。 2．Waving a pole that she had placed inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole (dance) show. 【答案】dancing 【详解】句意：那个陌生人挥舞着之前放在家里的一根杆子，就像在上演一场杆子舞蹈表演。此处应用动名词作定语修饰show，表示“跳舞表演”，a pole dancing show意为“钢管舞表演”。 3．When I gave the dress to Anne for her birthday, I saw the excitement in her eye as she tore off the (wrap) paper. 【答案】wrapping 【详解】句意：我把这条裙子当作生日礼物送给安妮时，当她一把撕开了包装纸时，我看到了她眼中的兴奋。wrapping paper“包装纸”是固定搭配，动名词wrapping作定语修饰paper，表功能。 4．The young girl has got a (dress) table as a present for her 18th birthday. 【答案】dressing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个年轻女孩收到了一张梳妆台，作为她十八岁的生日礼物。空处修饰名词table，表示用途，提示词的动名词形式dressing符合题意。故填dressing。 5．The festival concludes with a symbolic ceremony that represents unity. Two community volunteers in this playful ritual every year. (wedding) 【答案】 wedding wed 【详解】考查动名词，时态和主谓一致。句意：该节日以一场象征性的“婚礼”仪式收尾，此仪式代表着团结。每年都有两位社区志愿者在这场趣味仪式中“喜结连理”。wedding ceremony是固定短语，意为“婚礼”，因此第一空是wedding；第二空用动词wed作谓语，由every year可知，时态用一般现在时，主语volunteers是复数，因此wed用原形。故填①wedding；②wed。 考点四 只接动名词作宾语的动词 【知识精讲】 1. 英语中有些动词只能接动名词作宾语。 mind介意/miss错过, enjoy喜欢/escape逃避, consider考虑 avoid避免/appreciate感激/advocate提倡/allow允许, risk冒险, finish完成/forbid禁止/fancy想要, imagine想象, practise实践/postpone推迟, suggest建议, delay延迟 The doctor suggested exercising regularly. 医生建议定期锻炼。 They are considering moving to London. 他们在考虑搬到伦敦 2. 在特定语境中还应考虑用动名词的被动形式being done。 The bird escaped being caught. 那只鸟逃脱了被捕捉的命运。 They complained about being given too much work. 他们抱怨被分配了太多工作。 【巩固提升】 1．They proposed ____________(form)a group to investigate the case. 【答案】forming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们提议成立一个小组来调查这个案件。设空处需填入动名词形式作propose的宾语，propose doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“提议做某事”。故填forming。 2．If policymakers truly advocate___________ (build) a sustainable future, they should start by implementing these environmentally friendly transportation solutions immediately. 【答案】building 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果政策制定者真正倡导建设一个可持续的未来，他们应该立即开始实施这些环保的交通解决方案。advocate doing sth.是固定短语，意为“倡导做某事”，空处应用动名词形式building。故填building。 3．Mr Smith was angry with Jim because he kept ___________ (chat) with his friends in class. 【答案】 chatting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：史密斯先生对吉姆很生气，因为他在课堂上一直和朋友们聊天。固定短语keep doing sth.表示“持续做某事”，强调动作的持续性或反复性，空处需填动名词chatting作宾语。故填chatting。 4．He used (be) late for school, but now he is used to (get) up early. 【答案】 to be getting 【详解】句意：他过去经常上学迟到，但现在他已经习惯了早起。由but now可知，第一空所在句子表示“他过去经常上学迟到”，“过去常常做某事”是used to do sth.，因此第一空是to be。第二空所在句子表示“他已经习惯了早起”，“习惯于做某事”是be used to doing sth.，因此第二空用动名词getting作宾语。 5．You should persuade him to quit (smoke) though he is so stubborn that he never listens to others. 【答案】smoking 【详解】句意：尽管他很固执，从不听别人的话，你还是应该说服他戒烟。quit后接动名词作宾语，表示“停止做某事”，smoke的动名词形式是smoking。 6．She was scared of (walk) home alone in the fog,so she called a taxi. 【答案】walking 【详解】句意：她害怕在雾中独自走回家，所以她叫了一辆出租车。本空作介词of的宾语，用动名词walking。 7．Having small children means (restrict) your freedom. 【答案】restricting 【详解】句意：有年幼的孩子意味着限制你的自由。mean作“意味着”讲时，后接动名词作宾语，restrict的动名词形式为restricting。 7．When he realized he was late for the exam, he couldn’t help (panic). 【答案】panicking 【详解】句意：当他意识到自己考试要迟到了时，他不禁陷入了恐慌之中。couldn’t help doing sth.表示“忍不住做某事”。 考点五 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 【知识精讲】 英语中有一些动词后接不定式和动名词时，意义差别较大，这类动词是语法中的重点和易错点。 forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） She forgot to turn off the lights. 她忘记关灯了。 I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的情景。 remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） Remember to lock the door before leaving. 离开前记得锁门。 I remember locking the door today. 我记得今天锁门了。 regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 He regrets quitting his job. 他后悔辞掉了工作。 go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） After finishing math, he went on to study physics. 做完数学后，他接着学物理。 They went on working despite the rain. 尽管下雨，他们仍继续工作。 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。 Please stop talking. 请停止说话。 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy.抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。 She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） I mean to finish the report today. 我打算今天完成报告。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。 try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） She tried to solve the problem. 她努力解决这个问题。 Try adding some sugar to make it taste better. 试着加点糖，让它味道更好些。 【巩固提升】 1．I remember (lock) the door before I left home, but now it’s wide open. 【答案】locking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得离家前锁了门，但现在门是大开着的。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，remember doing sth.，意为“记得做过某事”（动作已完成），remember to do sth.意为“记住去做某事（动作未发生）”，根据“before I left home, but now it’s wide open.”表明“锁门”这一动作已经发生，强调记得曾经完成的“锁门”行为，所以此处使用动名词形式locking作宾语。故填locking。 2．It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop _________(eat) before you feel full. 【答案】eating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：实际上，你的大脑需要几分钟时间才能告诉你的身体已经吃饱了，所以要慢慢吃，在感到饱之前就停止进食。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，stop doing sth.，意为“停止正在做的事情”，stop to do sth.意为“停下来作某事”，结合“so eat slowly”和下文的“before you feel full”可知，强调在吃饭过程中停止“吃”这一正在进行的动作，因此空格处需填入所给动词eat的动名词形式eating作宾语。故填eating。 3．To take life easy doesn’t mean (do) nothing at all, but grasping every opportunity to do good deeds. 【答案】doing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：过轻松的生活并不意味着什么都不做，而是抓住每一个机会去做好事。mean doing sth.是固定短语，意为“意味着做某事”，其中动名词doing作mean的宾语。故填doing。 考点六 含介词to的动词短语 【知识精讲】 英语中有些动词短语含有介词to，后接名词或动名词作宾语。 look forward to doing 盼望做某事 get down to doing 着手做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be accustomed to doing习惯于做某事 stick to doing 坚持做某事 pay attention to doing 注意做某事 devote oneself to doing 致力于做某事 commit oneself to doing 致力于做某事 apply oneself to doing 致力于做某事 object to doing 反对做某事 be opposed to doing 反对做某事 When it comes to doing 谈到做某事 attach importance to doing 重视做某事 She looks forward to meeting her old friends.（她期待见到老朋友。 He objects to being treated like a child.（他反对被当成孩子对待。 He devotes himself to studying traditional art.（他致力于研究传统艺术。 There are no shortcuts when it comes to building trust. 涉及到建立信任，没有捷径可走。 If you apply yourself to mastering this skill, you'll succeed sooner or later. 如果你专心致志掌握这项技能，迟早会成功的。 【巩固提升】 1．If you are a student, do devote yourself to (digest) your teachers’ instruction until you fully understand it. 【答案】 digesting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：如果你是一名学生，一定要致力于领会老师的教导，直到完全理解为止。分析句子可知，“devote oneself to doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事”，其中“to”是介词，后接动名词形式。所给词“digest”的动名词形式是 digesting”。故填digesting。 2．The accident serves as a warning to all wilderness lovers about the potential dangers that can lead to________ (bite) by poisonous insects in the wild. 【答案】 being bitten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这起事故给所有野外爱好者敲响了警钟，提醒他们野外可能存在被毒虫叮咬的危险。that引导的定语从句的谓语为can lead to，此处为非谓语动词，lead to中的to为介词，且bite“叮，咬”和其逻辑主语all wilderness lovers之间为被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式being bitten，作宾语。故填being bitten。 3．When it comes to (rate) restaurants, food taste and service quality are top considerations. 【答案】 rating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在给餐厅打分时，食物的味道和服务质量是最重要的考虑因素。根据 “when it comes to...”的固定用法，其中“to”是介词，后面接动词时要用动词的动名词形式，所以这里应将“rate”（评价；评估）变为“rating”。故填rating。 考点七 常接省略介词的动词短语 【知识精讲】 spend money (in) doing 花费时间做某事 waste time (in) doing浪费时间做某事 be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事 prevent/stop sb (from) doing阻止某人做某事 have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing做某事有困难 have fun (in) doing 做某事开心 There is no point/sense (in) doing做某事没有用 There is no harm (in) doing不妨做某事 have problems (in) doing做某事有困难 They spent a lot of money (in) decorating their new house. 他们花了很多钱装修新房子。 Don't waste time (in) arguing with him. 别浪费时间和他争论。 She tried to stop him (from) making a mistake. 她试图阻止他犯错误。 【巩固提升】 1．The rescue team managed to work for two hours without (interrupt). 【答案】interruption/being interrupted 【详解】考查名词和动名词。句意： 救援队设法连续工作了两个小时。设空处在介词without 后作宾语，应填动词interrupt“使暂停；使中断”的名词形式interruption，without interruption为固定搭配；此处也可接动名词作宾语，The rescue team与interrupt之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以填动名词被动语态being interrupted。故填interruption/being interrupted。 2．Sometimes it just takes a flash of inspiration to realize that the career you really feel like (dive) into has always been there. 【答案】diving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，仅仅是一瞬间的灵感迸发，就能让你意识到自己真正想要投身的事业其实一直就在那里。feel like doing sth. “想要做某事”是固定搭配。故填diving。 3．There is no harm in (set) off early in such an extreme weather. 【答案】setting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这样极端的天气里早点出发没有什么坏处。介词in后接动名词形式。故填setting。 考点八 动名词的被动式、否定式和完成式（以动词find为例） 【知识精讲】 内容 主动语态 被动语态 否定式 一般式 finding being found not finding 完成式 having found having been found not having found （一般式）She left without saying goodbye. 她没说再见就离开了。 （完成式）She was praised for having saved the child. 她因救了那个孩子而受到表扬。 （被动式）Being invited to the party made her very happy. 被邀请参加派对让她非常开心。 （完成被动式）She is proud of having been selected as the team leader. 她为自己被选为队长而自豪。 （否定式）He regretted not having finished the work on time. 他后悔没有按时完成工作。 【巩固提升】 1． (admit) to the top university brought him a great sense of achievement. 【答案】Being admitted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被顶尖大学录取让他获得了极大的成就感。空格处需填主语，而“____ to the top university”是整个句子的主语部分。动词admit不能直接作主语，需转化为动名词形式，“被顶尖大学录取”应使用被动语态，即be admitted，用动名词被动形式being admitted作主语，首字母大写。故填Being admitted。 2．She said sorry to me and admitted (take) my umbrella by mistake. 【答案】taking/having taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她对我说对不起，承认误拿了我的伞。admit doing(having done) sth.“承认做（过）某事”，admit后用动名词作宾语，根据句意可知，“误拿我的伞”这一动作先于“给我道歉”，故也可用动名词的完成时，故填taking/having taken。 3． （expose） to the English broadcast can do a lot of good to your English study. 【答案】Being exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：接触英语广播对你的英语学习有很多好处。本句中缺少主语，根据固定短语be exposed to“暴露”，可知这里用动名词的被动式作主语。故填Being exposed。 考点九 动名词主动形式被动意义 【知识精讲】 1.want/need/require表示“需要”，后接动名词，动名词主动形式表示被动意义。 want/need/require doing=want/need/require to be done The room wants cleaning immediately.= The room wants to be cleaned immediately. 这个房间需要马上打扫。 The problem requires solving as soon as possible.= The problem requires to be solved as soon as possible. 这个问题需要尽快解决。 2. deserve表示“值得做”，后接动名词，动名词主动形式表示被动意义。 deserve doing=deserve to be done His courage deserves praising.= His courage deserves to be praised. 他的勇气值得被赞扬。 3. be worth doing表示“值得做”，后接动名词，主动形式表示被动意义。 His suggestion is worth considering. 他的建议值得考虑 【巩固提升】 1．These announcements, as symbols of love and individuality, remind us that some traditions are worth (preserve). 【答案】preserving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些宣告，作为爱与个性的象征，提醒我们有些传统值得保留。be worth doing是固定用法，表示“值得做某事”，其中动名词主动表被动；preserve的动名词是preserving。故填preserving。 2．You are a good human being and you deserve (treat) as such. 【答案】to be treated/treating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你是一个好人，理应得到这样的待遇。使用及物动词deserve 表示“理应被……”，后面使用动名词形式作宾语时，主动表被动，即deserve doing；若使用动词不定式表示，就应该使用不定式的被动式，即deserve to be done。本句中treat与主语you是被动关系。故填treating/to be treated。 3．Having done some worthwhile things during the summer vacation, she is worthy of (praise). 【答案】being praised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在暑假期间做了一些值得做的事情之后，她值得被赞扬。be worthy of doing sth为固定搭配，意为“值得做某事”，空处为动名词作宾语，she和praise为被动关系，需用动名词的被动语态。故填being praised。 考点十 动名词复合结构典型用法 【知识精讲】 1.标准用法: ①名词所有格+doing (如Jane’s doing); ②形容词物主代词+doing(如her doing); 作主语、表语或宾语。 The team’s winning the game surprised everyone. 这个队赢得比赛让所有人都很惊讶。 Her coming to the party brightened everyone’s mood. 她的到来让派对上每个人的心情都变好了 The problem is their not taking the risk seriously. 问题在于他们没有认真对待这个风险。 I really appreciate your helping me with the project. 我非常感谢你帮我做这个项目。 2.省略用法: ①名词普通格+doing(Jane doing); ②宾格+doing 作表语或宾语(me doing)。 He doesn’t mind me using his computer. 他不介意我用他的电脑。 They all laughed at Tom falling off the bike. 他们都嘲笑汤姆从自行车上摔下来。 【巩固提升】 1．I don’t approve of your (go) out with him. 【答案】going 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我不同意你和他出去约会。approve of one’s doing是固定搭配，意为“同意某人做某事”。因此，所给词需要结合空前your，构成动名词复合结构作of的宾语，即空处用动名词going。故填going。 2．Her (lose) her new bike really made her mother very upset. 【答案】losing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她丢了新自行车，这使她妈妈非常难过。分析句子可知，made是谓语动词，设空处需用非谓语动词。此处使用动名词形式，Her与losing构成动名词的复合结构作主语。故填losing。 3．The newcomer’s (fail) to work out the technical problem didn’t make her lose heart. 【答案】failure/failing 【详解】考查名词或动名词。句意：新来者未能解决技术问题并没有让她灰心。分析句子结构可知，此处是名词所有格newcomer’s修饰的名词位置，因此需要用名词failure作主语。也可以是“名词’s+doing”动名词复合结构作主语，用动名词failing。故填failure/failing。 4．Do you mind my (open) the window? 【答案】opening 【详解】句意：你介意我打开窗户吗？mind one's doing sth.是固定用法，其中one's为形容词性物主代词，与动名词共同构成动名词的复合结构，在句中作mind的宾语。 5．I really appreciate your (make) time in your schedule to attend the meeting today. 【答案】making 【详解】句意：我非常感谢你今天在日程安排中抽出时间来参加这个会议。appreciate sb’s doing，意为“感谢某人做的事”，动名词复合结构作宾语；make time意为“抽出时间”，其动名词形式为making。 6．I’m considering the students (take) a short online course to improve their presentation skills. 【答案】taking 【详解】句意：我正在考虑让学生们参加短期线上课程，以此提升他们的演讲表达能力。consider sb. doing sth.“考虑某人做某事”是固定搭配，动名词复合结构作宾语。 7．He hated to be the centre of attention, couldn’t deal with (hug) or touched, and found it difficult to communicate his feelings. 【答案】being hugged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他讨厌成为关注的焦点，无法忍受被拥抱或被触摸，并且发现很难表达自己的感受。此处为deal with后接动名词，且deal with与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以此处使用hug的动名词的被动形式意为“被拥抱”。故填being hugged。 8．The teacher insisted on all the homework (hand) in on Monday. 【答案】being handed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师坚持要求所有作业必须在周一上交。insist on后接动名词作宾语，此处all the homework为动名词的逻辑主语，与hand in之间是被动关系，因此用动名词的被动形式being handed。故填being handed。 一．单句语法填空 1．Upon (hear) the news that her mother was badly injured, the girl grabbed her bag and headed home without hesitation. 【答案】hearing 【详解】句意：一听到母亲受重伤的消息，这个女孩抓起包，毫不犹豫地赶回家了。句中Upon是介词，意为“一……就……”，介词后接动词作宾语时，需要用动词的动名词形式。 2．Upon (hear) the exciting news, the whole class burst into cheers. 【答案】hearing 【详解】句意：一听到这个令人兴奋的消息，全班同学都欢呼起来。upon/on doing sth为固定搭配，意为“一……就……”动名词作宾语。 3．On (invite) to the conference, the scholar prepared a detailed report carefully. 【答案】being invited 【详解】句意：这位学者一受邀参加会议，便精心准备了一份详尽的报告。on doing sth.“一……”是固定搭配，动名词作宾语，且逻辑主语the scholar和invite是被动关系，故应用动名词的被动式being done。 4．He devotes most of his spare time to (learn) traditional Chinese painting. 【答案】learning 【详解】句意：他把大部分业余时间都用来学习中国传统绘画。devote...to...为固定搭配，意为“把……奉献给……”，其中to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。 5．I can’t stand people (talk) loudly in public places like libraries. 【答案】talking 【详解】翻译：我无法忍受有人在图书馆这类公共场所大声喧哗。can’t stand sb. doing sth.“受不了某人做某事”是固定搭配，动名词作宾语，因此talk用动名词形式。 6．The community committee bans (burn) waste in the yard to keep the air clean. 【答案】burning 【详解】句意：社区委员会禁止在院子里焚烧垃圾，以保持空气清洁。句中已有谓语动词bans，空处应填非谓语动词，ban后接动名词，与空后的waste构成动名词短语burning waste, 意为“焚烧垃圾”，作bans的宾语。 7．Most teenagers enjoy (share) their daily lives with friends on social media platforms. 【答案】sharing 【详解】句意：大多数青少年喜欢在社交媒体平台上和朋友们分享他们的日常生活。enjoy doing sth.是固定用法，表示“喜欢做某事”，要将share变成sharing。 8．She regretted (ignore) the importance of plumbing maintenance, which caused a leak. 【答案】ignoring 【详解】句意：她后悔忽视了管道维护的重要性，这导致了漏水。句中已有谓语动词regretted，空处应填非谓语动词。regret后可接动名词作宾语，表示后悔做过某事，ignore的动名词形式为ignoring。 9．After hours of discussion, the team finally succeeded in (solve) the difficult problem. 【答案】solving 【详解】句意：经过几个小时的讨论，团队终于成功解决了这个难题。“succeed in doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”，其中“in”为介词，后接动名词作宾语。 10．Since (get) here, the girl has spent her time crying in pain. 【答案】getting 【详解】句意：自从来到这里之后，这个女孩一直痛苦地哭泣着。此处since作介词，空格处用动名词作宾语。 11． (learn) a second language at an early age benefits children’s cognitive development a lot. 【答案】Learning 【详解】句意：在幼年时期学习第二语言对儿童的认知发展大有裨益。作主语，用动名词形式，首字母大写。 12．You should avoid (damage) the plumbing system when renovating the house. 【答案】damaging 【详解】句意：在对房屋进行装修时，您应避免损坏管道系统。短语avoid doing sth.表示“避免做某事”。 13．Besides planting trees, volunteers also keep on (pick) up litter in the park every weekend. 【答案】picking 【详解】句意：除了植树，志愿者们每个周末还坚持在公园捡拾垃圾。空前为介词on，空处应填动名词作介词宾语，构成keep on doing sth.结构，表示“继续做某事”之意。pick的动名词形式为picking。 14．It’s a waste of time (argue) with someone who never listens to reason. 【答案】arguing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：和一个从不听从道理的人争论纯粹是浪费时间。固定句型 It’s a waste of time doing sth表示“做某事是浪费时间”，it为形式主语，动名词arguing作真正主语。 15．We all look forward to (observe) dragonflies to take inspiration for drone design. 【答案】observing 【详解】句意：我们都期待观察蜻蜓，为无人机设计汲取灵感。look forward to doing sth.是固定结构，表示“期待做某事”，要将observe变成observing。 16．The old door needs (repaint) because the paint is peeling off and it’s hard to open. 【答案】repainting/to be repainted 【详解】句意：这扇旧门需要重新粉刷，因为油漆在脱落，而且很难打开。结合主语The old door和行为动词needs可知，旧门需要被重新粉刷，要用need doing或need to be done结构，表示“某物需要被……”，要填repainting/to be repainted。 17． The new nature park near our school is worth (explore) this autumn. 【答案】exploring 【详解】句意：今年秋天，我们学校附近新的自然公园值得探索一番。be worth doing这是一固定搭配，意为“值得做某事”。exploring在句中作worth的宾语。故填exploring。 18．Researchers spent a month the data, and their detailed provided an basis for the research conclusion. (analyze) 【答案】 analyzing analysis analytical 【详解】句意：研究人员花了一个月分析数据，他们详细的分析为研究结论提供了分析依据。第一空：spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花时间做某事”，应用动名词analyzing；第二空：形容词detailed后接名词，analyze的名词形式为analysis，意为“分析”，这里特指花一个月作的分析，用单数；第三空：修饰名词basis应用形容词，analytical意为“分析的”。 19．My classmates assisted me in (prepare) for the speech contest, and I finally won the first prize. 【答案】preparing 【详解】句意：同学们帮我筹备演讲比赛，我最终斩获一等奖。介词后接动名词形式，动词prepare的动名词为preparing，意为“准备”。 20．He spent two hours every day (memorize) all the historical documents for the exam. 【答案】memorizing 【详解】句意：他每天花两小时背诵备考的所有历史文献。此处考查固定句型spend time (in) doing sth.，表示“花时间做某事”，所以应用动名词形式memorizing。 二．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Three champions of Paris Olympic Games shared their success stories with students at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, encouraging them 1 (dream) big. Tennis player Zheng Qinwen, diver Chang Yani and canoe (皮划艇) player Sun Mengya, all gold medal 2 (winner), were happy to return to the university they had attended. Zheng, 3 first Asian athlete to get a gold medal in women’s singles tennis in 128 years of Olympic history, 4 (tell) the students that winning not only brought glory but also made her inner self 5 (strong) and more confident. “But along this road to success, there may be difficulties, doubts, tears and failures. You must enjoy the process. When 6 (stand) at the top of the world and looking back, you will find that the efforts 7 you made in the past were worth it.” she added. You Zheng, president of the university, said their spirit of competing 8 national glory and never giving up on the field was 9 (true) worth learning for all members of the university. The students at the university 10 (teach) by the three champions basic movements of diving, canoeing and playing tennis. Chang and Sun donated the clothes they wore when winning the gold medals at the Paris Games with their names signed and Zheng gave away her tennis racket. 【答案】1．to dream 2．winners 3．the 4．told 5．stronger 6．standing 7．that/which 8．for 9．truly 10．were taught 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了巴黎奥运会三位冠军回母校激励学弟学妹，并接受母校奖章并捐赠个人物品的新闻。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：三位巴黎奥运会冠军在华中科技大学与学生们分享了他们的成功故事，鼓励他们树立远大梦想。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，空处应用不定式形式to dream，作宾补。故填to dream。 2．考查名词复数。句意：网球运动员郑钦文、跳水运动员昌雅妮和皮划艇运动员孙梦雅，都是金牌得主，很高兴能回到他们曾经就读的大学。winner“获胜者”是可数名词，根据all可知，用其复数形式。故填winners。 3．考查冠词。句意：郑钦文是128年奥运历史上首位获得女子网球单打金牌的亚洲运动员，她告诉学生们，胜利不仅带来了荣耀，也让她内心更强大、更自信。序数词first前需加定冠词the。故填the。 4．考查时态。句意：郑钦文是128年奥运历史上首位获得女子网球单打金牌的亚洲运动员，她告诉学生们，胜利不仅带来了荣耀，也让她内心更强大、更自信。此处描述的是过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式told。故填told。 5．考查形容词比较级。句意：郑钦文是128年奥运历史上首位获得女子网球单打金牌的亚洲运动员，她告诉学生们，胜利不仅带来了荣耀，也让她内心更强大、更自信。根据and more confident可知，此处应用strong的比较级stronger，与more confident并列。故填stronger。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你站在世界之巅回首往事时，你会发现你过去所做的努力都是值得的。When引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略，本句的完整形式是When you are standing at the top of the world and looking back，省略了you are，保留现在分词standing。故填standing。 7．考查定语从句。句意：当你站在世界之巅回首往事时，你会发现你过去所做的努力都是值得的。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词efforts，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 8．考查介词。句意：华中科技大学校长尤政表示，他们为国家荣誉而战、在赛场上永不放弃的精神，确实值得全校师生学习。compete for为固定搭配，意为“为……而竞争/拼搏”。故填for。 9．考查副词。句意：华中科技大学校长尤政表示，他们为国家荣誉而战、在赛场上永不放弃的精神，确实值得全校师生学习。本空修饰形容词worth，作状语，应用副词truly“确实”。故填truly。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：这所大学的学生们由三位冠军教跳水、皮划艇和打网球的基本动作。此处描述的是过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，teach和主语students之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语students是复数，be动词用were。故填were taught。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing’s Hutongs, a living testament to the city’s diverse culture, have a rich history 1 dates back over 800 years. The term “hutong”, originally meaning “water well” in Mongolian, reflected the need for access to water in the past. At first, these narrow alleys 2 (design) to accommodate the city’s growing population. The typical type of Hutong architecture is the single-story courtyard (院子) houses known as Siheyuan. These houses, 3 (common) built around a central courtyard with rooms and living spaces branching off from it, have been the residential (住宅) areas for people for centuries. The narrow alleys create a sense 4 community and promote social interaction among residents. One of the most famous Hutongs is Nanluoguxiang, offering 5 unique mix of cultural experiences and commercial activities. There is a lot 6 (explore) in it. Characterized by its narrow alleys lined with traditional shops and cozy cafes, it has become a hotspot for 7 (local) and tourists. Visitors can admire the traditional architecture, enjoy the local street food, 8 shop for traditional crafts and souvenirs. Today, Hutongs, with 9 (they) traditional architecture and layout, play a significant role in 10 (shape) Beijing’s identity. They offer a window into traditional Chinese architecture and lifestyle, reflecting the philosophy of harmony between nature and human life. 【答案】1．that/which 2．were designed 3．commonly 4．of 5．a 6．to explore 7．locals 8．and 9．their 10．shaping 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京胡同的历史、建筑特点及其对北京身份的重要影响。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：北京的胡同是北京多元文化活生生的见证，它们有着丰富的历史，历史可以追溯到800多年前。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是history，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 2．考查动词语态。句意：起初，这些狭窄的小巷是为了容纳城市日益增长的人口而设计的。本句描述过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时，且主语alleys与design“设计”之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were designed。 3．考查副词。句意：这些房屋通常围绕着中央庭院建造，房间和生活空间从中延伸出来，几个世纪以来一直是人们的居住区。本空用副词commonly“通常”，作状语，修饰动词built。故填commonly。 4．考查介词。句意：狭窄的小巷营造了一种社区感，促进了居民之间的社交互动。表示“一种……的感觉”可知短语为a sense of。故填of。 5．考查冠词。句意：最著名的胡同之一是南锣鼓巷，它提供了一种独特的文化体验和商业活动的结合。此处泛指“一种独特的文化体验和商业活动的结合”，且unique以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：里面有很多值得探索的东西。本句已有谓语动词is，此处为非谓语动词，there be sth. to do“有事情要做”，空处作后置定语，修饰a lot，应用explore“探索”的不定式。故填to explore。 7．考查名词的数。句意：以其狭窄的小巷、传统的商店和温馨的咖啡馆为特色，它已成为当地人和游客的热门景点。本空用名词local“当地人”，当地人不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作for的宾语。故填locals。 8．考查连词。句意：游客可以欣赏传统建筑，品尝当地街头小吃，购买传统工艺品和纪念品。admire、enjoy和shop为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 9．考查代词。句意：今天，胡同以其传统的建筑和布局，在塑造北京的形象方面发挥着重要作用。空处修饰名词短语traditional architecture and layout，应用形容词性物主代词their“它们的”，作定语。故填their。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，胡同以其传统的建筑和布局，在塑造北京的形象方面发挥着重要作用。本句谓语为play，此处为非谓语动词，用shape“塑造”的动名词，作in的宾语。故填shaping。 C 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I was in elementary school, I didn’t like going to school. I had 1 (difficult) with reading and writing and I always could not answer the teacher’s questions 2 (correct). I cried a lot at school because I 3 (laugh) at by my classmates. My parents would always get mad at me. I felt very upset and didn’t have any interest 4 study. But then one day, I decided 5 (change) my attitude towards study. So I ended up 6 (pay) more attention in class and I started to practice my vocabulary and spelling skills. Also, I always 7 (go) to my teachers to ask for help when I had any trouble. I started to do better in Grade 3. 8 I was in Grade 4, I was still improving. By Grade 5, I had become the top student in class. Now as I am 9 senior high school student, I know it might be difficult at first. But I like my past in elementary school, I know if I keep working and don’t give up I will be 10 (success). 【答案】1．difficulty 2．correctly 3．was laughed 4．in 5．to change 6．paying 7．went 8．When 9．a 10．successful 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了小时候学习有困难不愿上学，后来改变态度成绩越来越好，成了好学生的变化过程。 1．考查名词。句意：我在阅读和写作方面有困难，我总是不能正确回答老师的问题。此处指“我在读和写方面有困难”，have difficulty in doing sth. (做某事方面有困难)。故填difficulty。 2．考查副词。句意：我在阅读和写作方面有困难，我总是不能正确回答老师的问题。此处修饰动词answer要用副词correctly作状语。故填correctly。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：我在学校常哭，因为我被同学嘲笑了。作者描述小时候的事用的是一般过去时，主语I与动词laugh是被动关系，根据by my classmates也可知是被动，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was laughed。 4．考查介词。句意：我感到很沮丧，对学习毫无兴趣。此处指“在某方面有兴趣”，用have interest in sth.。故填in。 5．考查动词不定式。句意：但是有一天，我决定改变我对学习的态度。decide to do sth. (决定做某事)，用动词不定式（to do）。故填to change。 6．考查动名词。句意：所以我在课堂上更加专心，我开始练习我的词汇和拼写技能。end up doing sth. (以做某事结束)，pay用动名词（doing）形式。故填paying。 7．考查时态。句意：而且，当我遇到任何困难时，我总是去找我的老师寻求帮助。本段是叙述过去发生的事，go要用一般过去时。故填went。 8．考查连词。句意：当我在四年级的时候，我还在进步。两句间缺乏连词，由句意可知，用when引导时间状语从句，此处指当我上四年级的时候成绩有了提高，首字母大写。故填When。 9．考查冠词。句意：现在我是一名高中生，我知道一开始可能会很难。student是可数名词，此处泛指一名高中生，senior以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．考查形容词。句意：但我喜欢我在小学的过去，我知道如果我继续努力，不放弃，我会成功的。此处用在动词be后，用形容词successful做表语，指“是成功的”。故填successful。 D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The moment my senior high school started, my heart 1 (fill) with a mix of nervousness and excitement. All the things around me were new—the classmates, the teachers, the classrooms, and even the sound of the morning bell. I knew I had to get used 2 this challenging yet promising chapter of my life gradually. My first class was English. The teacher, Miss Xia, greeted us with a warm smile and encouraged us to explore new ways of 3 (learn). She brought in a plan 4 included creative work and group talks. When she asked me to share my thoughts. I got butterflies in my stomach, but her encouragement gave me the confidence to speak up. During the break, I met some classmates. Though we were 5 (stranger) at first, their friendly attitudes made me feel welcome. We shared our hobbies 6 talked about what our dreams for the future were, and I knew that many of us wanted to do our best. In 7 afternoon, we had a tour of the school library and labs. The librarian showed us how 8 (borrow) and return books. By the end of the day, my initial (最初的) anxiety had turned into 9 (curious). This first day left a deep impression on me. It wasn’t just about new textbooks or schedules—it was the beginning of a journey to 10 (slow) discover my potential. 【答案】1．was filled 2．to 3．learning 4．that/which 5．strangers 6．and 7．the 8．to borrow 9．curiosity 10．slowly 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者高中生活第一天的经历和感受，包括上英语课、课间与同学交流以及参观学校图书馆和实验室等，展现了从最初的紧张到好奇的心理转变，开启了探索自我潜力的旅程。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：高中生活一开始，我的心里就充满了紧张和兴奋。根据“started”可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。“my heart”与“fill”之间是被动关系，即“我的心被充满”，用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were +过去分词”，主语是单数，所以用was filled。故填was filled。 2．考查固定短语。句意：我知道我必须逐渐适应我生命中这个充满挑战但充满希望的阶段。“get used to...”是固定短语，意为“适应……”，所以用to。故填to。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：老师夏老师带着温暖的微笑迎接我们，并鼓励我们探索新的学习方法。“of”是介词，其后接动词 -ing形式作宾语，所以用learning。故填learning。 4．考查定语从句。句意：她提出了一个计划，其中包括创意作品和小组讨论。“____4____ included creative work and group talks”是定语从句，先行词为“a plan”，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导该定语从句。故填that / which。 5．考查名词复数。句意：虽然一开始我们是陌生人，但他们友好的态度让我感到受欢迎。根据主语“we”可知，此处应用复数形式，stranger的复数是strangers，作表语。故填strangers。 6．考查连词。句意：我们分享了我们的爱好，还谈论了我们未来的梦想是什么，我知道我们很多人都想尽自己最大的努力。“shared our hobbies”和“talked about...”是并列关系，所以用and连接。故填and。 7．考查冠词。句意：下午，我们参观了学校的图书馆和实验室。“in the afternoon”是固定短语，意为“在下午”，所以用定冠词the。故填the。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：图书管理员向我们展示了如何借书和还书。“how to do sth.”是“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语，所以用to borrow。故填to borrow。 9．考查名词。句意：一天结束时，我最初的焦虑变成了好奇。根据空前的“turned into”可知，此处应填名词作宾语，curious的名词形式是curiosity，意为“好奇”。故填curiosity。 10．考查副词。句意：这不仅仅是关于新的课本或日程安排——这是一个慢慢发现我潜力的旅程的开始。此处修饰动词“discover”，应用副词形式，slow的副词是slowly，意为“慢慢地”。故填slowly。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $