Unit 4 Sharing 单元重点单词一遍过-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

**基本信息** 聚焦单元核心词汇，通过派生词拓展、语境语法应用及一词多义辨析，构建词汇系统网络，提升语言应用能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |派生词梳理|15题|词性转换训练|从词根拓展至形容词、副词等派生形式，构建词汇形态关联| |单句语法填空|15题|结合高考真题改编及应用文/读后续写语境|派生词在具体语境中的语法应用，强化词形与语义匹配| |一词多义|9组|多词性多词义辨析|同一词汇在不同语境中的语义变化，培养语境词义推断能力|

Unit 4 重点单词一遍过 Round1:派生词梳理 1. dust n．沙土；灰尘v.擦灰→______________ adj.布满灰尘的 2．rub v．擦→______________ n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶 3．rigid adj.死板的；固执的→______________ adv.死板地；固执地→______________ n．固执；僵化 4．chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→______________ adj.化学的→______________ n．化学 5．shade v.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分→______________ adj.阴凉处的；可疑的 6．wrinkle v.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起n.皱纹→______________ adj.有皱纹的；显出皱纹的 7．house n．房子；家庭v.覆盖；给……房子住→______________ n．住房；住宅 8．ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→______________ v.使……成熟→______________ n．成熟 9．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权；荣幸 v.给予……特权；特免→______________ adj.享有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的 10．disable v.使失去能力；使残废；使无资格→______________ adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→______________ n.缺陷；障碍 11．resign v.辞职；辞去→______________ n．辞职；辞职信 12．contract v.感染(疾病);与……订立合同(或契约)n.合同；契约→______________ n．承包人；立契约者 13．consult v．咨询；请教；商议→______________ n．咨询；咨询会→______________ n．顾问；咨询者；会诊医生 14．stable adj.稳定的；牢固的；坚定的→______________ n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→______________ adv.平稳地；坚固地；安定地 15．pray v.企盼；祈祷→______________ n．祈祷；祷告 Round2: 单句语法填空 1. "Despite the ______________ (dust) shelves and outdated equipment, the volunteers were determined to restore the library to its former glory. [应用文写作·志愿者活动报道] 2. The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without: a bottle of ______________ (rub) alcohol (医用酒精) and a bar of soap. [2021年6月浙江卷·改编] 3. Volunteers are expected to ______________ (rigid) follow the schedule to ensure all tasks are completed on time. [应用文写作·志愿者活动要求] 4. ①They also remove some harmful ______________ (chemical) from paints or cooking. [2023年全国乙卷·改编] ②The small village is extremely lacking in medical resources, and it doesn't even have a ______________ (chemist) shop. [应用文写作·志愿者经历描述] ③ The children in the small town have never taken a chemistry class, let alone conducted chemistry ______________ (experiment). [应用文写作·志愿者经历描述] 5. ① Friends need to talk about their ______________ (prefer) methods of communication. [2020年新课标III卷·改编] ②Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils, instead ______________ (prefer) to use their hands. [2022年全国甲卷·改编] ③ Many students have a preference ______________ online learning because it allows them to study at their own pace. [应用文写作·网上学习] 6. A gentle smile spread across his face, and the ______________ (wrinkle) added a touch of wisdom and kindness to his expression. [读后续写·人物表情描写] 7. ①The initiative focuses on ______________ (house) and educating underprivileged children, with the help of dedicated volunteers. [应用文写作·志愿者活动通知] ②The local volunteer group organized a campaign to provide temporary ______________ (house) for homeless families during the winter months. [应用文写作·志愿者活动介绍] 8. ①I bought ______________ handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. [2021年新高考I卷·改编] ②Be sure to check the ______________ (ripe) of the fruits before picking to ensure the best quality. [应用文写作·农村采摘活动要求] ③ Her talent ______________ (ripe) as she gained more experience in the field. [读后续写·情节发展] 9. ①Visiting a place that others call home is ______________ privilege. [2024年新高考II卷·改编] ②The volunteers felt ______________ (privilege) to be part of a community effort that brought so much joy to the elderly residents. [应用文写作·志愿者活动报道] 10. ①His ______________ (disable) doesn't define him; his determination and spirit do. [读后续写·个人成长] ②As a volunteer, she works with ______________ (disable) children, helping them to develop new skills and build confidence. [应用文写作·人物介绍] 11. After resigning ______________ his part-time job, he decided to volunteer at the local community center. [应用文写作·志愿者工作经历介绍] 12. ①The French take their 35-hour workweek ______________ (serious)—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. [2023年新高考I卷·改编] ②She contracted ______________ a non-profit organization to help build homes for underprivileged families. [应用文写作·志愿者工作经历介绍] 13. ①Before starting the volunteer project, the team leader consulted ______________ experienced volunteers to gather valuable advice. [应用文写作·志愿者工作活动记录] ②The volunteer program included a session of ______________ (consult) with mental health professionals to support the well-being of participants. [应用文写作·志愿者工作活动记录] 14. ①Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental ______________ (stable), optimism and “people skills”. [2021年新高考I卷·改编] ②The volunteer organization focused on helping children from ______________ (stable) family environments. [应用文写作·志愿者工作活动记录] 15. ①The team huddled together, praying ______________ strength and courage to face the challenges ahead. [读后续写·场景描写] ②They gathered in the school hall, ______________ (pray) that the new year would bring positive changes and new opportunities. [读后续写·场景描写] Round 3 一词多义，根据语境写出词性及中文意思 1. ①I spread some strawberry jam on my toast. ______________ ②There was a jam on the highway due to an accident. ______________ ③He jammed his clothes into the suitcase. ______________ ④They jammed the enemy’s communications. ______________ 2. ①There is dust on the furniture. ______________ ②She dusted the shelves every morning. ______________ ③He dusted the cake with sugar. ______________ 3. ①The students wear uniforms to school. ______________ ②The design of the houses is uniform. ______________ 4. ①We sat in the shade of the tree. ______________ ②She put up a shade over the window. ______________ ③The dress comes in three different shades. ______________ ④The trees shade the garden. ______________ 5. ①They signed a contract for the construction of the building. ______________ ②The company contracted with a supplier for raw materials. ______________ ③He contracted a virus while traveling. ______________ ④The metal contracted in the cold. ______________ 6. ①She received a grant to study abroad. ______________ ②The king granted the land to the peasants. ______________ ③The teacher granted the students a break. ______________ ④I grant that it must have been upsetting, but even so I think she overreacted. ______________ 7. 选出下面5个句中tune对应的词性和词义。 A. v. 调整，使适合 B. v. 调音 C. n. 和谐，协调 D. n. 心情，情绪 E. n. 旋律，曲调 ①The song has a catchy tune that is easy to remember. ②She was in a bad tune after the argument. ③They lived in tune with nature. ④The musician tuned the guitar before the concert. ⑤The coach tuned the team’s strategy to counter the opponent's strengths. 8. 选出下面5个句中relay 对应的词性和词义。 A. n.接力 B. n. 转播 C. v. 接力传递 D. v. 传达，转达 E. v. 传输，转播 ①The team won the relay race. ②The radio station uses a relay to broadcast the program. ③The satellite relays the signal to the ground station. ④The runners relayed the baton to each other. ⑤She relayed the message to her boss. 9. 选出下面5个句中plug对应的词性和词义。 A. v. 插入 B. n. 宣传，推荐 C. n. 塞子 D. v. 堵塞，堵住 E. n. 插头 ①I need to buy a new plug for my phone charger. ②She used a rubber plug to stop the water from leaking out of the bathtub. ③During the interview, she put in a plug for her new book. ④He plugged the USB drive into the device. ⑤The sink was plugged with food waste. 答案 Round1:派生词梳理 1. dust n．沙土；灰尘v.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的 2．rub v．擦→rubber n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶 3．rigid adj.死板的；固执的→rigidly adv.死板地；固执地→rigidity n．固执；僵化 4．chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemical adj.化学的→chemistry n．化学 5．shade v.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分→shady adj.阴凉处的；可疑的 6．wrinkle v.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起n.皱纹→wrinkled adj.有皱纹的；显出皱纹的 7．house n．房子；家庭v.覆盖；给……房子住→housing n．住房；住宅 8．ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen v.使……成熟→ripeness n．成熟 9．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权；荣幸 v.给予……特权；特免→privileged adj.享有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的 10．disable v.使失去能力；使残废；使无资格→disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n.缺陷；障碍 11．resign v.辞职；辞去→resignation n．辞职；辞职信 12．contract v.感染(疾病);与……订立合同(或契约)n.合同；契约→contractor n．承包人；立契约者 13．consult v．咨询；请教；商议→consultation n．咨询；咨询会→consultant n．顾问；咨询者；会诊医生 14．stable adj.稳定的；牢固的；坚定的→stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→stably adv.平稳地；坚固地；安定地 15．pray v.企盼；祈祷→prayer n．祈祷；祷告 Round2: 单句语法填空 1. "Despite the dusty (dust) shelves and outdated equipment, the volunteers were determined to restore the library to its former glory. [应用文写作·志愿者活动报道] 2. The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without: a bottle of rubbing (rub) alcohol (医用酒精) and a bar of soap. [2021年6月浙江卷·改编] 3. Volunteers are expected to rigidly (rigid) follow the schedule to ensure all tasks are completed on time. [应用文写作·志愿者活动要求] 4. ①They also remove some harmful chemicals (chemical) from paints or cooking. [2023年全国乙卷·改编] ②The small village is extremely lacking in medical resources, and it doesn't even have a chemist’s (chemist) shop. [应用文写作·志愿者经历描述] ③The children in the small town have never taken a chemistry class, let alone conducted chemistry experiments (experiment). [应用文写作·志愿者经历描述] 5. ① Friends need to talk about their preferred (prefer) methods of communication. [2020年新课标III卷·改编] ②Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils, instead preferring (prefer) to use their hands. [2022年全国甲卷·改编] ③ Many students have a preference for online learning because it allows them to study at their own pace. [应用文写作·网上学习] 6. A gentle smile spread across his face, and the wrinkles (wrinkle) added a touch of wisdom and kindness to his expression. [读后续写·人物表情描写] 7. ①The initiative focuses on housing (house) and educating underprivileged children, with the help of dedicated volunteers. [应用文写作·志愿者活动通知] ②The local volunteer group organized a campaign to provide temporary housing (house) for homeless families during the winter months. [应用文写作·志愿者活动介绍] 8. ①I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. [2021年新高考I卷·改编] ②Be sure to check the ripeness (ripe) of the fruits before picking to ensure the best quality. [应用文写作·农村采摘活动要求] ③Her talent ripened (ripe) as she gained more experience in the field. [读后续写·情节发展] 9. ①Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege. [2024年新高考II卷·改编] ②The volunteers felt privileged (privilege) to be part of a community effort that brought so much joy to the elderly residents. [应用文写作·志愿者活动报道] 10. ①His disability (disable) doesn't define him; his determination and spirit do. [读后续写·个人成长] ②As a volunteer, she works with disabled (disable) children, helping them to develop new skills and build confidence. [应用文写作·人物介绍] 11. After resigning from his part-time job, he decided to volunteer at the local community center. [应用文写作·志愿者工作经历介绍] 12. ①The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously (serious)—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. [2023年新高考I卷·改编] ②She contracted with a non-profit organization to help build homes for underprivileged families. [应用文写作·志愿者工作经历介绍] 13. ①Before starting the volunteer project, the team leader consulted with experienced volunteers to gather valuable advice. [应用文写作·志愿者工作活动记录] ②The volunteer program included a session of consultation (consult) with mental health professionals to support the well-being of participants. [应用文写作·志愿者工作活动记录] 14. ①Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability (stable), optimism and “people skills”. [2021年新高考I卷·改编] ②The volunteer organization focused on helping children from unstable (stable) family environments. [应用文写作·志愿者工作活动记录] 15. ①The team huddled together, praying for strength and courage to face the challenges ahead. [读后续写·场景描写] ②They gathered in the school hall, praying (pray) that the new year would bring positive changes and new opportunities. [读后续写·场景描写] Round 3 一词多义，根据语境写出词性及中文意思 1. ①I spread some strawberry jam on my toast. n. 果酱 ②There was a jam on the highway due to an accident. n. 拥挤，堵塞 ③He jammed his clothes into the suitcase. v.挤，塞 ④They jammed the enemy’s communications. v. 干扰（无线电信号） 2. ①There is dust on the furniture. n. 灰尘，尘土，粉末 ②She dusted the shelves every morning. v. 除尘 ③He dusted the cake with sugar. v. 撒粉 3. ①The students wear uniforms to school. n. 制服，校服 ②The design of the houses is uniform. adj. 统一的，一致的 4. ①We sat in the shade of the tree. n. 阴影，阴凉处 ②She put up a shade over the window. n. 遮光物 ③The dress comes in three different shades. n. 色度，色调 ④The trees shade the garden. v. 遮住光线，使变暗 5. ①They signed a contract for the construction of the building. n. 合同，契约 ②The company contracted with a supplier for raw materials. v. 签合同 ③He contracted a virus while traveling. v. 感染，患上 ④The metal contracted in the cold. v. 收缩，缩小 6. ①She received a grant to study abroad. n. 补助金，拨款 ②The king granted the land to the peasants. v. 授予，给予 ③The teacher granted the students a break. v. 允许，答应 ④I grant that it must have been upsetting, but even so I think she overreacted. v. 承认，同意 7. 选出下面5个句中tune对应的词性和词义。 A. v. 调整，使适合 B. v. 调音 C. n. 和谐，协调 D. n. 心情，情绪 E. n. 旋律，曲调 ①The song has a catchy tune that is easy to remember. E ②She was in a bad tune after the argument. D ③They lived in tune with nature. C ④The musician tuned the guitar before the concert. B ⑤The coach tuned the team’s strategy to counter the opponent's strengths. A 8. 选出下面5个句中relay 对应的词性和词义。 A. n.接力 B. n. 转播 C. v. 接力传递 D. v. 传达，转达 E. v. 传输，转播 ①The team won the relay race. A ②The radio station uses a relay to broadcast the program. B ③The satellite relays the signal to the ground station. E ④The runners relayed the baton to each other. C ⑤She relayed the message to her boss. D 9. 选出下面5个句中plug对应的词性和词义。 A. v. 插入 B. n. 宣传，推荐 C. n. 塞子 D. v. 堵塞，堵住 E. n. 插头 ①I need to buy a new plug for my phone charger. E ②She used a rubber plug to stop the water from leaking out of the bathtub. C ③During the interview, she put in a plug for her new book. B ④He plugged the USB drive into the device. A ⑤The sink was plugged with food waste. D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $