专题05 动词（短语）与非谓语动词（结构化知识+题型提升练）2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统梳理了动词（短语）与非谓语动词专题，涵盖动词类别（实义、系动词、情态动词等）、固定搭配（to do/doing辨析等）、非谓语三大形式（不定式、动名词、分词）及用法，构建了从基础到重难点的完整知识体系。 清单采用表格对比（如remember接to do/doing的含义差异）、口诀记忆（“一感二听三让四看半帮助”助记省to不定式）和高频考点标注（非谓语时态语态标为难点），培养学生语言能力和思维品质。配套题型强化练（单选、完形等）及例句解析，助力学生自主复习，教师可据此精准指导，提升备考效率。

2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题05 动词（短语）与非谓语动词 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 必备能力题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 含义 细分/特点 例句 谓语动词 在句中作谓语，受主语限定，有时态、人称、单复数变化 句子必备成分 1. He studies English every day.（一般现在时） 2. They have finished the work.（现在完成时） 非谓语动词 不作谓语，不受主语限定，有不定式、动名词、分词三种形式 充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等 1. To learn English well is important.（不定式作主语） 2. I enjoy reading.（动名词作宾语） 3. The running water is clear.（现在分词作定语） 动词 动词表示动作、行为、状态、存在的词，是句子的核心谓语，有人称、数、时态、语态、语气等变化。 一、动词的类别 大类 细分 用法说明 典型单词 例句 实义动词 （有实际词义，可独立作谓语） 及物动词(vt.) 后面必须接宾语，语义才完整 love, buy, finish, visit She likes music. I bought a book yesterday. 不及物动词(vi.) 后面不接宾语；若要接宾语，需搭配介词 run, arrive, laugh, happen He runs fast. We arrived at the station. 系动词 （连接主语和表语，无实际动作含义） 状态系动词 表状态，常用be动词 am/is/are/was/were She is a teacher. 感官系动词 五感：闻、摸、听、看、尝 look, sound, feel, smell, taste The flower smells sweet. 变化系动词 表示状态/身份变化 become, get, turn, grow The days get longer in summer. 保持系动词 表示维持状态 keep, stay, remain Please keep quiet. 情态动词 （表语气、情态，后接动词原形，无人称变化） 基础情态 表能力、许可、推测、义务 can/could, may/might, must, should You must obey the rules. I can swim. 半情态 结构固定 have to, used to I have to get up early. 助动词 （无实义，协助构成时态、语态、疑问、否定） 基本助动词 do/does/did；be；have 协助变形 1. Do you like sports?（疑问） 2. He is reading.（进行时） 3. We have seen the film.（完成时） ▲举例：重点易混动词辨析（高考高频） 1.arrive / reach / get（到达） arrive (vi.)：arrive in + 大地点；arrive at + 小地点 例句：He arrived in Beijing this morning. reach (vt.)：直接+地点，不加介词 例句：We reached school on time. get (vi.)：get to + 地点 例句：When did you get to the park? 2.spend / take / cost / pay（花费） spend：人 + spend + 时间/钱 + (in) doing / on sth 例句：I spend two hours on homework every day. take：It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth 例句：It takes me 30 minutes to walk to school. cost：物 + cost + 人 + 钱 例句：The bag cost me 50 yuan. pay：人 + pay + 钱 + for sth 例句：I paid 100 yuan for the shoes. 二、动词固定搭配（高考必考，分类型整理） （一）动词 + 不定式（to do）作宾语 后只能接to do的高频动词： want, hope, decide, plan, refuse, learn, agree, choose, promise, manage 例句： She decided to leave early. I hope to see you soon. （二）动词 + 动名词（doing）作宾语 后只能接doing的高频动词： enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid, suggest, keep, imagine, consider 例句： He enjoys playing basketball. Would you mind opening the window? （三）既可接to do 也可接doing，含义不同（重难点） 动词 do to sth（含义） doing sth（含义） 例句 remember 记得要去做（未做） 记得做过（已做） Remember to lock the door.（要锁门） I remember locking the door.（锁过门） forget 忘记要去做 忘记做过 Don’t forget to call me. stop 停下（当前事）去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 Stop to rest.（停下休息） Stop talking.（别说话了） try 努力、设法做 尝试、试着做 Try to finish it on time.（努力完成） Try using a new method.（试试新方法） regret 遗憾要做某事 后悔做过某事 I regret to tell you the bad news. I regret telling him the truth. （四）动词 + 介词/副词 短语搭配（高频短语） 1.look 系列 look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look up 查阅；look out 小心 例句：Please look up the word in the dictionary. 2.put 系列 put on 穿上/上演；put off 推迟；put away 收好；put up 张贴 例句：The sports meeting was put off because of rain. 3.give 系列 give up 放弃；give away 赠送/泄露；give out 分发 例句：Never give up when you meet difficulties. 4.take 系列 take care 小心；take place 发生；take part in 参加；take off 起飞/脱掉 （五）动词 + 复合宾语（动词+宾语+宾补） 使役动词：make / let / have + 宾语 + 动词原形 例句：My mother makes me study hard. （被动语态要还原to：I am made to study hard.） 感官动词：see / hear / watch / notice see sb do sth：看见某人做了整件事 see sb doing sth：看见某人正在做某事 例句：I saw him enter the room.（全过程） I saw him reading a book.（正在做） 动词三大核心变化（高考基础） 时态变化：一般现在、过去、将来；进行时、完成时等（谓语动词核心考点） 语态变化：主动语态 / 被动语态（be + 过去分词） 非谓语变形：原形→to do / doing / done（贯穿完形、语法填空、写作） 非谓语动词 非谓语动词在句中不作谓语，但仍具备动词特征（可带宾语、状语），同时可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语六大成分。 谓语动词有时态、人称变化；非谓语无人称、单复数变化，只有形式变化。 一、非谓语动词三大基础形式 英语非谓语共三类：不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词/过去分词） 类别 基本形式 语态/时态变化 核心词性 主要句法功能 动词不定式 to do（原形） 否定：not to do 一般式：to do / to be done 进行式：to be doing 完成式：to have done / to have been done 兼具名词、形容词、副词性 主、宾、表、定、状、补 动名词 doing 否定：not doing 一般式：doing / being done 完成式：having done / having been done 纯名词性 主、宾、表、定语 现在分词 doing 否定：not doing 一般式：doing / being done 完成式：having done / having been done 兼具形容词、副词性 定、状、补 过去分词 done 否定：not done 无时态变化，表被动/完成 兼具形容词、副词性 定、状、补 二、基本用法 （一）动词不定式 to do 1. 基本含义 表将来、目的、具体动作、一次性动作。 2. 句法功能 ①作主语（常用 it 作形式主语） 例句：To learn English well is important.学好英语很重要。 形式主语：It is important to learn English well. ②作宾语（多数及物动词后接 to do） 常用动词：want, hope, decide, plan, try, refuse, promise, manage 例句：She decided to study abroad. 她决定出国留学。 ③作表语（解释主语内容） 例句：My dream is to become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。 ④作定语（修饰名词，表“要做的事”，后置） 例句：I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。 ⑤作状语（表目的、结果、原因） 目的：He got up early to catch the bus. 他早起赶公交。 结果：He woke up to find everyone gone. 他醒来发现所有人都走了。 ⑥作宾语补足语 例句：My mother told me to clean the room. 妈妈让我打扫房间。 3. 高频考点：省略 to 的不定式 感官动词 & 使役动词后作宾补，主动语态省 to，被动语态必须加 to 口诀：一感二听三让四看半帮助 feel; hear, listen to; let, make, have; see, watch, notice, look at; help 主动：I saw him enter the classroom. 我看见他进了教室。 被动：He was seen to enter the classroom. 有人看见他进了教室。 （二）动名词 doing 1. 基本含义 表习惯、爱好、抽象动作、经常性动作，相当于名词。 2. 句法功能 ①作主语 例句：Reading is a good habit. 阅读是个好习惯。 ②作宾语（高考重中之重） 后只接 doing 的高频动词： enjoy, finish, practice, mind, suggest, keep, avoid, imagine, admit, miss 例句：He enjoys listening to music. 他喜欢听音乐。 Would you mind opening the window? 你介意开窗吗？ ③作表语（主语多为 hobby, job, dream 等） 例句：My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。 ④作定语（表名词用途，前置） 例句：a swimming pool 游泳池（用来游泳的池子） 3. 易混辨析：to do vs doing（动词后搭配差异） 动词 接 to do 接 doing stop stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 remember remember to do 记得要去做（未做） remember doing 记得做过（已做） forget forget to do 忘记要做（未做） forget doing 忘记做过（已做） try try to do 努力/设法做 try doing 试着做（尝试方法） regret regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 例句对比： Please stop to talk. 请停下来（手头事）聊一聊。 Please stop talking. 请不要说话了。 （三）现在分词 doing 1. 基本含义 表主动、进行、伴随，可作定语、状语、宾补。 2. 句法功能 ①作定语（前置，表主动/进行） 例句：a running river 奔流的小河（河流主动流淌） The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。 ②作状语（伴随、原因、时间、条件等） 伴随状语：He sat there, reading a book. 他坐在那儿看书。 原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 因为生病，他没来上学。 ③作宾语补足语（强调动作正在进行） 例句：I saw him playing basketball. 我看见他正在打篮球。 （四）过去分词 done 1. 基本含义 表被动、完成，无进行含义。 2. 句法功能 ①作定语（表被动/完成） 例句：a broken cup 一个破碎的杯子（杯子被打碎） The book written by Lu Xun is popular. 鲁迅写的这本书很受欢迎。 ②作状语（被动、完成） 例句：Seen from the top, the park looks beautiful. 从山顶往下看，公园很美。（公园“被看”，被动） ③作宾语补足语（表被动/状态） 例句：I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天剪了头发。（头发被剪） 三、四大形式核心对比（做题秒判依据） 形式 核心逻辑 关键词 典型例句 to do 将来、目的、具体、主动 要去做、为了做 I want to go home. doing(动名词) 习惯、抽象、经常性 爱好、擅长、完成 She likes dancing. doing(现在分词) 主动、正在进行、伴随 正在、同时发生 The boy crying is Tom. done(过去分词) 被动、已经完成 被…、已做完 The window broken yesterday is mine. 四、非谓语的时态&语态（高考难点） 1. 不定式 形式 含义 例句 to do 一般主动 动作与主句动作同时/之后 I hope to see you. to be done 一般被动 被动，将来 The work to be finished is hard. to have done 完成主动 动作先于主句动作 I’m glad to have met you. to have been done 完成被动 先发生+被动 The building to have been built last year is tall. 2. 分词/动名词完成式 having done：动作明显先于主句动作，主动 例句：Having finished homework, he went out. 写完作业后，他出去了。 having been done：先发生 + 被动 例句：Having been criticized, he kept silent. 被批评后，他保持沉默。 ◇Part 02 必备能力题型强化练 一、单项选择 1．Jack often does things foolishly, so he _______ sometimes ________ by others. A．is; laughed B．is; laughed at C．was; laughed D．has; been laughed at 2．Frankly speaking, I had no idea ________ next. A．what I should do B．how I should do C．what should I do D．how to do 3．As we all know, he never ______. A．smoking B．smoked C．smokes D．to smoke 4．What you learn today ______ of practical use when you hunt for a job. A．is proved B．proves C．will be proved D．will prove 5．It ______ a young girl ______ sadly. A．sounded to be; cry B．was sounded like; crying C．sounded like; crying D．was sounded to be; cried 6．His grandfather ________ for ten years. A．has died B．died C．has been dead D．had died 7．The women is older than she________. A．looks B．looks at C．is looked D．is looked at 8．The coffee was wonderful! It ______ like anything I ______ before. A．wasn’t tasted, had B．didn’t taste, have C．wasn’t tasted, have ever had D．didn’t taste, had ever had 9．My bag is red, my sister’s red,too. A．and;is B．but;is C．and;isn’t D．but;isn’t 10．This kind of music comfortable. A．sound B．sounds C．sounded D．is sounding 11．That was what we looked like. A．predicate B．adverbial C．predicative D．attribute 12．Whom would you ________ solve the problem? A．have to help B．have help C．have to help to D．have helping 13．Don’t let yourself _________ easily into buying things you don’t need by ambush marketing seeking _________ shopping decision without tipping off the consumers about the manipulation. A．persuaded; influencing B．be persuaded; to influence C．be persuaded; influencing D．persuaded; to influence 14．—Let's__________ to the movie! —I am sorry, I must__________ my homework first. A．going; do B．go; doing C．go; do D．going; doing 15．The teacher couldn’t make himself ________ attention to because his teaching manner was unattractive. A．paid B．to be paid C．to pay D．pay 16．Mr.White doesn’t believe that his son could afford to buy a digital camera，________？ A．could he B．couldn’t he C．does he D．doesn’t he 17．Although my new cellphone has many ________ it doesn’t ________ well. A．functions, function B．function, functions C．functions, functions D．function,function 18．Nowadays many teenagers often take their parents’ love for granted. Seldom________ what they should do in return. A．do they think B．they think C．did they think D．think they 19．Going to the dentist's ________ not necessarily have to be ________ awful experience. A．do; an B．does; the C．do; / D．does; an 20．The percentage of students at high schools who ________ newly diagnosed with depression  ________not dropped significantly. A．was; has B．were; has C．was; have D．were; have 21．Every minute must be made full use of ________ English. A．studying B．to have studied C．having studied D．to study 22．The heavy snow pack on the roof ________ the fragile wooden greenhouse. A．was threatened to collapse B．threatened to collapse C．was threatened to crush D．threatened to crush 23．The collapse of the bridge is now believed ________ during the heavy rainfall last night. A．occurring B．to be occurring C．to have occurred D．to have been occurring 24．Drug use is now thought to ________ about three-quarters of all ________ cases of HIV in that country. A．make for; reported B．account for; reporting C．make for; reporting D．account for; reported 25．During the self-management program, the participant was observed________ healthier habits and complete the 30-day challenge successfully. A．form B．to form C．forming D．formed 26．________ strong sunlight for a long time in summer will cause serious burns, which will make you suffer. A．Exposed to B．Exposing to C．Being exposed to D．Expose yourself to 27．— What matters for the cooperation between companies? —________ differences in a sincere way. A．Approached B．Having approached C．Approaching D．To be approached 28．For years he was a mountain rescue volunteer, a job he was passionate about because it ________ into unfamiliar regions with a strong sense of purpose. A．was required to venture B．required venturing C．required to venture D．was required venturing 29．________ to sunlight will do harm to the skin, analysis from a recent research says. A．Exposing B．Being exposed C．Exposed D．To expose 30．The strict professor can’t tolerate ________ the same mistake again, but the student, unwilling to admit his carelessness, insisted that his answer ________ correct in some sense. A．the student’s making; be B．the student making; were C．the student’s making; had been D．the student making; was 31．An ancient temple ________ back to the Northern Qi Dynasty was destroyed in flames last month, ________ concerns about the effective protection of cultural remains. A．dated; causing B．dated; caused C．dating; causing D．dating; caused 32．______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A．To work B．Having worked C．To be working D．Worked 33．Jack spoke very carefully and slowly, _______ the advantages and disadvantages before making a choice. A．being weighed up B．to weigh up C．weighing up D．having been weighed up 34．Having discussed the proposal for several hours, the committee finally reached an agreement, ________ that significant adjustments were necessary before it could continue. A．concluding B．having concluded C．to conclude D．concluded 35．The earthquake is believed ________ more than 5,000 people and made thousands homeless, ________ it perhaps the most destroying earthquake in history in the area. A．killing; to make B．to have killed; having made C．to have killed; making D．having killed; making 36．Did the department give the approval to the tax changes _________ to improve the economic growth? A．meaning B．meant C．being meant D．having meant 37．When the little girl opened the window the next morning, she was excited to find the whole ground ________ with snow. A．covered B．covering C．to cover D．to be covered 38．Once you make a decision on the host city, millions of people start to make plans ________ on that and hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on it. A．based B．to be based C．basing D．having based 39．The unemployment problem we are looking forward to seeing ________ ought to have drawn widespread concern. A．handling B．to be handled C．handled D．to handle 40．The ________ letter from his old friend brought back many sweet memories of the past. A．writing B．written C．to write D．write 41．Lily pretended _________ the moment the teacher walked in, which made the teacher annoyed because she couldn’t bear _________. A．to be writing; being lied to B．to write; being lied to C．to be writing; to be lied to D．to write; to be lied to 42．The solution _________ the pollution problem is that we should stop the factories _________ harmful chemicals into the river. A．of; releasing B．for; to release C．to; from releasing D．in; to release 43．I could barely make ______ his face in the darkness. A．of B．out C．for D．it 44．The doctor recommended that Mike __________ immediately for his health. A．quits to smoke B．had to quit smoking C．must quit to smoke D．quit smoking 45．Anyone ________ life frequently can never experience the real happiness of life. A．complaining about B．complaining C．complains of D．who complains 46．Its system ________ perfectly, the robot interacted with the audience naturally as if it ________ a real person with emotions. A．ran; were B．ran; was C．running; were D．running; was 47． , the text became easier for us to learn. A．Explaining new words B．New words explained C．New words have been explained D．Having explained new words 48．The project is expected to cost over 50 million dollars, ________ A．included the labor cost B．the labor cost included C．to include the labor cost D．and the labor cost included 49．So far, the country has successfully sent up three unmanned ________ into low-earth orbit, the most recent ________ at the end of last March. A．spacecrafts; has been launched B．spacecraft; launched C．spacecrafts; having been launched D．spacecraft; was launched 50．There ________(be) no cause for alarm, the old man returned calmly to his room. A．being B．was C．having D．be 51．When I entered the room, I found Mary seated quietly on the sofa, with her eyes ________ on the smartphone. A．fixing B．to be fixed C．to fix D．fixed 52．Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses ________ advantage of the celebrations. A．to take B．to be taken C．taking D．taken 53．She spent a peaceful afternoon reading in the room, with the golden sunlight ______ warm patterns on the floor. A．to cast B．cast C．having cast D．casting 54．With a castle ________ on the hilltop and a river flowing through the valley, I couldn’t help but have my attention ________ on the scenery. A．stood; focusing B．standing; focused C．standing; focusing D．stood; focused 55．The professor stressed the importance of data accuracy, with its original source ________ to every experimental result. A．attached B．attaching C．to attach D．being attached 二、完形填空 Imagine having the opportunity to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone. You can do this in a virtual choir. Virtual choir members 56 themselves while they perform alone on video. These videos are 57 onto the Internet and then they are put together into one video that you can see online — a virtual choir. Anyone can take part in a virtual choir from anywhere — all you need is a video camera and an Internet 58 . You do not even need a studio. A virtual choir helps 59 ordinary people together. Many people do not have close friends or 60 who have the same interest in music. Many others do not have the 61 to join a local choir. A virtual choir enables them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the 62 community. It has proved to be a positive influence on the lives of many people. As one virtual choir member said, “Music helps me to 63 my problems. With music, I become someone else.” The virtual choir was the 64 of award-winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre. Born in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began 65 music at the University of Nevada in 1988. He fell in love with Mozart’s classical music when he sang for the university choir. 66 by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.” In 2009, Whitacre received a video of a girl who was singing one of his works. 67 , he asked his fans to make videos, which he then joined together into one performance. His first virtual choir had 185 singers from 12 different countries. Since then, the virtual choir has become a worldwide 68 . The virtual choir is a wonderful 69 for people around the world to sing with one voice and thus make the world a 70 place. 56．A．record B．watch C．find D．meet 57．A．made B．uploaded C．seen D．taken 58．A．book B．service C．connection D．show 59．A．divide B．connect C．leave D．escape 60．A．classmates B．contacts C．teachers D．doctors 61．A．chance B．idea C．time D．place 62．A．local B．small C．global D．simple 63．A．remember B．forget C．raise D．solve 64．A．question B．suggestion C．idea D．problem 65．A．teaching B．studying C．writing D．reading 66．A．Moved B．Disappointed C．Surprised D．Bored 67．A．Tired B．Inspired C．Worried D．Shocked 68．A．problem B．project C．phenomenon D．story 69．A．way B．game C．lesson D．dream 70．A．dirtier B．darker C．quieter D．better 三、阅读理解 1 Of all the Chinese 24 solar terms, Clear and Bright is the only one whose first day is also a traditional Chinese festival, the Qingming Festival or the Tomb-Sweeping Day. The words “clear” and “bright” describe the weather during this period. Temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases, making it an important time for growing crops in the spring. As is known, it is a time to worship (敬奉) ancestors. However, here are several things you may not know about Clear and Bright. Spring Outings Not only is it a period to honor the dead, but it is also time for people to go out and enjoy nature. As trees turn green, flowers blossom, and the sun shines brightly, everything returns to life. It is a fine time to appreciate the beauty of nature. Flying Kites Flying kites is an activity favored by many Chinese during the Tomb-Sweeping Day. Kites are not only flown during the daytime but also in the evening. Little lanterns are tied to the kites. And when the kites are flying in the sky, the lanterns look like twinkling stars at night. What makes flying kites during this day special is that people cut the string while the kite is in the sky to let it fly freely. It is said that this brings good luck and that diseases can be chased away by doing this. Cuju Cuju is an interesting game played during this period. Ju is a ball made of leather with hairs plugged in it. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor first invented it for training warriors. Later, Cuju was used by people to build up their bodies when they were unable to eat hot food during the Cold Food Festival. Feasting on Qingtuan In the lower parts of the Yangtze River region, qingtuan is very popular on the Tomb-Sweeping Day. Qingtuan is a kind of round green cake. In order to make the cakes, people mash (捣碎) Ay Tsao (艾草) to squeeze juice from it and mix the flour and juice to a paste. Then they put fillings into the paste and steam them. Pretty and delicate, qingtuan has a special flavor. 71．Why are kites allowed to fly freely during Clear and Bright? A．To admire the beauty of nature. B．To send information to the warriors. C．To wish good luck and hope no diseases. D．To show personal taste and preference. 72．What can we know about Clear and Bright? A．It promises the beginning of the farming. B．It is right after the Tomb-Sweeping Day. C．All plants would revive on this very day. D．People must eat a green cake and fly kites. 73．Which of the following can be the best title? A．A Time to Enjoy Nature. B．An Important Family Occasion. C．Traditions on Clear and Bright. D．Clear and Bright: A Feast for Eyes. 2 Biologist Beth Shapiro believes that it is quite unlikely we will see a dodo (a flightless bird) walking the earth again anytime soon. “When people consider the idea of bringing back extinct animals, they often think about cloning,” Shapiro stated. Cloning is the method that produced Dolly the sheep in 1996 and another species in 2020. It involves creating a genetic copy of an animal by taking DNA from a living adult cell and placing it into a specially prepared egg cell. Adult cells contain all the necessary DNA to develop into a living creature. The egg cells then use this DNA to form different types of cells — such as skin, organs, blood, and bones — that the animal needs. However, there are no usable cells from the dodo available today. Shapiro explained that scientists would have to start with the DNA of a closely related species and change it to make it look like that of the dodo. For instance, mammoths (a type of elephant), which are also extinct, lack any living cells. But since they are closely related to modern Asian elephants, researchers are attempting to bring mammoths back by creating a hybrid (杂交生物体). This involves adding some mammoth genes into the DNA of an elephant egg cell. Still, Shapiro notes that there could be many genetic differences between Asian elephants and mammoths. In the case of the dodo, its nearest living relative is the Nicobar pigeon, a smaller and more colorful bird that can fly. While mammoths and Asian elephants are quite similar, it has been over 20 million years since the dodo and the Nicobar pigeon shared a common ancestor. This indicates that the genetic differences between these two bird species are significant, making it challenging to create a successful hybrid in the laboratory, Shapiro emphasized. Even if scientists manage to bring back dodos, the island where they once lived has undergone substantial changes. The loss of forests, the introduction of harmful species, and human activities would make it very difficult to reintroduce dodos without considerable help. 74．What is the main point the author aims to convey in paragraph 2? A．The procedure involved in cloning. B．Progress made in cloning techniques. C．The challenges associated with cloning. D．Different types of famous cloned animals. 75．What similarity between mammoths and dodos can be concluded from Shapiro’s words? A．Both lack close living relatives. B．They possess a similar type of DNA． C．No animals’ genes closely match theirs. D．Their living cells are difficult to preserve. 76．What is suggested in the last paragraph? A．The habitat of dodos has been harmed. B．There are plans to create an island for dodos. C．There is public support for bringing back dodos. D．Severe climate changes led to the extinction of dodos. 77．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How can we protect dodo-like species? B．Is it possible to bring dodos back to life? C．What motivates scientists to clone dodos? D．Should the impact of cloning be expanded? 四、语法填空 阅读下面的短文或句子，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Luo Xianhua, a tea farmer from Tongmu village deep within the Wuyishan National Park, also serves as a forest ranger for at least 15 days every month. The national park, 78 (carve) on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a mixed cultural and natural heritage site, is home to the world's most well-preserved mid-subtropical forest ecosystem. 79 on watch at the Tongmu conservation station, Luo patrols (巡逻) the forest, monitors wildlife, and checks for fire hazards. He firmly holds the belief 80 a healthy environment is the foundation of high-quality tea. He tends his alpine tea garden and keeps a close eye on any signs of 81 (ecology) damage. Uniforms away, Luo returns to his tea garden 82 (earn) a living for his family. “Good environment is 83 guarantee to quality tea products, “he says. His words reflect a simple but profound truth: humans and the land cannot be separated. His efforts, 84 (fortunate), have inspired others in the community. So far,12 people from his village 85 (join) the ranger team to help protect the national park. All of them work as volunteers, patrolling the forest and preventing it 86 illegal logging. The Wuyishan National Park plays a critical role in global biodiversity conservation, 87 is why Luo takes his duty seriously. “We are not just protecting trees,” he explains. “We are protecting a living system.” ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题05 动词（短语）与非谓语动词 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 必备能力题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 含义 细分/特点 例句 谓语动词 在句中作谓语，受主语限定，有时态、人称、单复数变化 句子必备成分 1. He studies English every day.（一般现在时） 2. They have finished the work.（现在完成时） 非谓语动词 不作谓语，不受主语限定，有不定式、动名词、分词三种形式 充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等 1. To learn English well is important.（不定式作主语） 2. I enjoy reading.（动名词作宾语） 3. The running water is clear.（现在分词作定语） 动词 动词表示动作、行为、状态、存在的词，是句子的核心谓语，有人称、数、时态、语态、语气等变化。 一、动词的类别 大类 细分 用法说明 典型单词 例句 实义动词 （有实际词义，可独立作谓语） 及物动词(vt.) 后面必须接宾语，语义才完整 love, buy, finish, visit She likes music. I bought a book yesterday. 不及物动词(vi.) 后面不接宾语；若要接宾语，需搭配介词 run, arrive, laugh, happen He runs fast. We arrived at the station. 系动词 （连接主语和表语，无实际动作含义） 状态系动词 表状态，常用be动词 am/is/are/was/were She is a teacher. 感官系动词 五感：闻、摸、听、看、尝 look, sound, feel, smell, taste The flower smells sweet. 变化系动词 表示状态/身份变化 become, get, turn, grow The days get longer in summer. 保持系动词 表示维持状态 keep, stay, remain Please keep quiet. 情态动词 （表语气、情态，后接动词原形，无人称变化） 基础情态 表能力、许可、推测、义务 can/could, may/might, must, should You must obey the rules. I can swim. 半情态 结构固定 have to, used to I have to get up early. 助动词 （无实义，协助构成时态、语态、疑问、否定） 基本助动词 do/does/did；be；have 协助变形 1. Do you like sports?（疑问） 2. He is reading.（进行时） 3. We have seen the film.（完成时） ▲举例：重点易混动词辨析（高考高频） 1.arrive / reach / get（到达） arrive (vi.)：arrive in + 大地点；arrive at + 小地点 例句：He arrived in Beijing this morning. reach (vt.)：直接+地点，不加介词 例句：We reached school on time. get (vi.)：get to + 地点 例句：When did you get to the park? 2.spend / take / cost / pay（花费） spend：人 + spend + 时间/钱 + (in) doing / on sth 例句：I spend two hours on homework every day. take：It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth 例句：It takes me 30 minutes to walk to school. cost：物 + cost + 人 + 钱 例句：The bag cost me 50 yuan. pay：人 + pay + 钱 + for sth 例句：I paid 100 yuan for the shoes. 二、动词固定搭配（高考必考，分类型整理） （一）动词 + 不定式（to do）作宾语 后只能接to do的高频动词： want, hope, decide, plan, refuse, learn, agree, choose, promise, manage 例句： She decided to leave early. I hope to see you soon. （二）动词 + 动名词（doing）作宾语 后只能接doing的高频动词： enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid, suggest, keep, imagine, consider 例句： He enjoys playing basketball. Would you mind opening the window? （三）既可接to do 也可接doing，含义不同（重难点） 动词 do to sth（含义） doing sth（含义） 例句 remember 记得要去做（未做） 记得做过（已做） Remember to lock the door.（要锁门） I remember locking the door.（锁过门） forget 忘记要去做 忘记做过 Don’t forget to call me. stop 停下（当前事）去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 Stop to rest.（停下休息） Stop talking.（别说话了） try 努力、设法做 尝试、试着做 Try to finish it on time.（努力完成） Try using a new method.（试试新方法） regret 遗憾要做某事 后悔做过某事 I regret to tell you the bad news. I regret telling him the truth. （四）动词 + 介词/副词 短语搭配（高频短语） 1.look 系列 look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look up 查阅；look out 小心 例句：Please look up the word in the dictionary. 2.put 系列 put on 穿上/上演；put off 推迟；put away 收好；put up 张贴 例句：The sports meeting was put off because of rain. 3.give 系列 give up 放弃；give away 赠送/泄露；give out 分发 例句：Never give up when you meet difficulties. 4.take 系列 take care 小心；take place 发生；take part in 参加；take off 起飞/脱掉 （五）动词 + 复合宾语（动词+宾语+宾补） 使役动词：make / let / have + 宾语 + 动词原形 例句：My mother makes me study hard. （被动语态要还原to：I am made to study hard.） 感官动词：see / hear / watch / notice see sb do sth：看见某人做了整件事 see sb doing sth：看见某人正在做某事 例句：I saw him enter the room.（全过程） I saw him reading a book.（正在做） 动词三大核心变化（高考基础） 时态变化：一般现在、过去、将来；进行时、完成时等（谓语动词核心考点） 语态变化：主动语态 / 被动语态（be + 过去分词） 非谓语变形：原形→to do / doing / done（贯穿完形、语法填空、写作） 非谓语动词 非谓语动词在句中不作谓语，但仍具备动词特征（可带宾语、状语），同时可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语六大成分。 谓语动词有时态、人称变化；非谓语无人称、单复数变化，只有形式变化。 一、非谓语动词三大基础形式 英语非谓语共三类：不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词/过去分词） 类别 基本形式 语态/时态变化 核心词性 主要句法功能 动词不定式 to do（原形） 否定：not to do 一般式：to do / to be done 进行式：to be doing 完成式：to have done / to have been done 兼具名词、形容词、副词性 主、宾、表、定、状、补 动名词 doing 否定：not doing 一般式：doing / being done 完成式：having done / having been done 纯名词性 主、宾、表、定语 现在分词 doing 否定：not doing 一般式：doing / being done 完成式：having done / having been done 兼具形容词、副词性 定、状、补 过去分词 done 否定：not done 无时态变化，表被动/完成 兼具形容词、副词性 定、状、补 二、基本用法 （一）动词不定式 to do 1. 基本含义 表将来、目的、具体动作、一次性动作。 2. 句法功能 ①作主语（常用 it 作形式主语） 例句：To learn English well is important.学好英语很重要。 形式主语：It is important to learn English well. ②作宾语（多数及物动词后接 to do） 常用动词：want, hope, decide, plan, try, refuse, promise, manage 例句：She decided to study abroad. 她决定出国留学。 ③作表语（解释主语内容） 例句：My dream is to become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。 ④作定语（修饰名词，表“要做的事”，后置） 例句：I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。 ⑤作状语（表目的、结果、原因） 目的：He got up early to catch the bus. 他早起赶公交。 结果：He woke up to find everyone gone. 他醒来发现所有人都走了。 ⑥作宾语补足语 例句：My mother told me to clean the room. 妈妈让我打扫房间。 3. 高频考点：省略 to 的不定式 感官动词 & 使役动词后作宾补，主动语态省 to，被动语态必须加 to 口诀：一感二听三让四看半帮助 feel; hear, listen to; let, make, have; see, watch, notice, look at; help 主动：I saw him enter the classroom. 我看见他进了教室。 被动：He was seen to enter the classroom. 有人看见他进了教室。 （二）动名词 doing 1. 基本含义 表习惯、爱好、抽象动作、经常性动作，相当于名词。 2. 句法功能 ①作主语 例句：Reading is a good habit. 阅读是个好习惯。 ②作宾语（高考重中之重） 后只接 doing 的高频动词： enjoy, finish, practice, mind, suggest, keep, avoid, imagine, admit, miss 例句：He enjoys listening to music. 他喜欢听音乐。 Would you mind opening the window? 你介意开窗吗？ ③作表语（主语多为 hobby, job, dream 等） 例句：My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。 ④作定语（表名词用途，前置） 例句：a swimming pool 游泳池（用来游泳的池子） 3. 易混辨析：to do vs doing（动词后搭配差异） 动词 接 to do 接 doing stop stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 remember remember to do 记得要去做（未做） remember doing 记得做过（已做） forget forget to do 忘记要做（未做） forget doing 忘记做过（已做） try try to do 努力/设法做 try doing 试着做（尝试方法） regret regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 例句对比： Please stop to talk. 请停下来（手头事）聊一聊。 Please stop talking. 请不要说话了。 （三）现在分词 doing 1. 基本含义 表主动、进行、伴随，可作定语、状语、宾补。 2. 句法功能 ①作定语（前置，表主动/进行） 例句：a running river 奔流的小河（河流主动流淌） The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。 ②作状语（伴随、原因、时间、条件等） 伴随状语：He sat there, reading a book. 他坐在那儿看书。 原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 因为生病，他没来上学。 ③作宾语补足语（强调动作正在进行） 例句：I saw him playing basketball. 我看见他正在打篮球。 （四）过去分词 done 1. 基本含义 表被动、完成，无进行含义。 2. 句法功能 ①作定语（表被动/完成） 例句：a broken cup 一个破碎的杯子（杯子被打碎） The book written by Lu Xun is popular. 鲁迅写的这本书很受欢迎。 ②作状语（被动、完成） 例句：Seen from the top, the park looks beautiful. 从山顶往下看，公园很美。（公园“被看”，被动） ③作宾语补足语（表被动/状态） 例句：I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天剪了头发。（头发被剪） 三、四大形式核心对比（做题秒判依据） 形式 核心逻辑 关键词 典型例句 to do 将来、目的、具体、主动 要去做、为了做 I want to go home. doing(动名词) 习惯、抽象、经常性 爱好、擅长、完成 She likes dancing. doing(现在分词) 主动、正在进行、伴随 正在、同时发生 The boy crying is Tom. done(过去分词) 被动、已经完成 被…、已做完 The window broken yesterday is mine. 四、非谓语的时态&语态（高考难点） 1. 不定式 形式 含义 例句 to do 一般主动 动作与主句动作同时/之后 I hope to see you. to be done 一般被动 被动，将来 The work to be finished is hard. to have done 完成主动 动作先于主句动作 I’m glad to have met you. to have been done 完成被动 先发生+被动 The building to have been built last year is tall. 2. 分词/动名词完成式 having done：动作明显先于主句动作，主动 例句：Having finished homework, he went out. 写完作业后，他出去了。 having been done：先发生 + 被动 例句：Having been criticized, he kept silent. 被批评后，他保持沉默。 ◇Part 02 必备能力题型强化练 一、单项选择 1．Jack often does things foolishly, so he _______ sometimes ________ by others. A．is; laughed B．is; laughed at C．was; laughed D．has; been laughed at 2．Frankly speaking, I had no idea ________ next. A．what I should do B．how I should do C．what should I do D．how to do 3．As we all know, he never ______. A．smoking B．smoked C．smokes D．to smoke 4．What you learn today ______ of practical use when you hunt for a job. A．is proved B．proves C．will be proved D．will prove 5．It ______ a young girl ______ sadly. A．sounded to be; cry B．was sounded like; crying C．sounded like; crying D．was sounded to be; cried 6．His grandfather ________ for ten years. A．has died B．died C．has been dead D．had died 7．The women is older than she________. A．looks B．looks at C．is looked D．is looked at 8．The coffee was wonderful! It ______ like anything I ______ before. A．wasn’t tasted, had B．didn’t taste, have C．wasn’t tasted, have ever had D．didn’t taste, had ever had 9．My bag is red, my sister’s red,too. A．and;is B．but;is C．and;isn’t D．but;isn’t 10．This kind of music comfortable. A．sound B．sounds C．sounded D．is sounding 11．That was what we looked like. A．predicate B．adverbial C．predicative D．attribute 12．Whom would you ________ solve the problem? A．have to help B．have help C．have to help to D．have helping 13．Don’t let yourself _________ easily into buying things you don’t need by ambush marketing seeking _________ shopping decision without tipping off the consumers about the manipulation. A．persuaded; influencing B．be persuaded; to influence C．be persuaded; influencing D．persuaded; to influence 14．—Let's__________ to the movie! —I am sorry, I must__________ my homework first. A．going; do B．go; doing C．go; do D．going; doing 15．The teacher couldn’t make himself ________ attention to because his teaching manner was unattractive. A．paid B．to be paid C．to pay D．pay 16．Mr.White doesn’t believe that his son could afford to buy a digital camera，________？ A．could he B．couldn’t he C．does he D．doesn’t he 17．Although my new cellphone has many ________ it doesn’t ________ well. A．functions, function B．function, functions C．functions, functions D．function,function 18．Nowadays many teenagers often take their parents’ love for granted. Seldom________ what they should do in return. A．do they think B．they think C．did they think D．think they 19．Going to the dentist's ________ not necessarily have to be ________ awful experience. A．do; an B．does; the C．do; / D．does; an 20．The percentage of students at high schools who ________ newly diagnosed with depression  ________not dropped significantly. A．was; has B．were; has C．was; have D．were; have 21．Every minute must be made full use of ________ English. A．studying B．to have studied C．having studied D．to study 22．The heavy snow pack on the roof ________ the fragile wooden greenhouse. A．was threatened to collapse B．threatened to collapse C．was threatened to crush D．threatened to crush 23．The collapse of the bridge is now believed ________ during the heavy rainfall last night. A．occurring B．to be occurring C．to have occurred D．to have been occurring 24．Drug use is now thought to ________ about three-quarters of all ________ cases of HIV in that country. A．make for; reported B．account for; reporting C．make for; reporting D．account for; reported 25．During the self-management program, the participant was observed________ healthier habits and complete the 30-day challenge successfully. A．form B．to form C．forming D．formed 26．________ strong sunlight for a long time in summer will cause serious burns, which will make you suffer. A．Exposed to B．Exposing to C．Being exposed to D．Expose yourself to 27．— What matters for the cooperation between companies? —________ differences in a sincere way. A．Approached B．Having approached C．Approaching D．To be approached 28．For years he was a mountain rescue volunteer, a job he was passionate about because it ________ into unfamiliar regions with a strong sense of purpose. A．was required to venture B．required venturing C．required to venture D．was required venturing 29．________ to sunlight will do harm to the skin, analysis from a recent research says. A．Exposing B．Being exposed C．Exposed D．To expose 30．The strict professor can’t tolerate ________ the same mistake again, but the student, unwilling to admit his carelessness, insisted that his answer ________ correct in some sense. A．the student’s making; be B．the student making; were C．the student’s making; had been D．the student making; was 31．An ancient temple ________ back to the Northern Qi Dynasty was destroyed in flames last month, ________ concerns about the effective protection of cultural remains. A．dated; causing B．dated; caused C．dating; causing D．dating; caused 32．______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A．To work B．Having worked C．To be working D．Worked 33．Jack spoke very carefully and slowly, _______ the advantages and disadvantages before making a choice. A．being weighed up B．to weigh up C．weighing up D．having been weighed up 34．Having discussed the proposal for several hours, the committee finally reached an agreement, ________ that significant adjustments were necessary before it could continue. A．concluding B．having concluded C．to conclude D．concluded 35．The earthquake is believed ________ more than 5,000 people and made thousands homeless, ________ it perhaps the most destroying earthquake in history in the area. A．killing; to make B．to have killed; having made C．to have killed; making D．having killed; making 36．Did the department give the approval to the tax changes _________ to improve the economic growth? A．meaning B．meant C．being meant D．having meant 37．When the little girl opened the window the next morning, she was excited to find the whole ground ________ with snow. A．covered B．covering C．to cover D．to be covered 38．Once you make a decision on the host city, millions of people start to make plans ________ on that and hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on it. A．based B．to be based C．basing D．having based 39．The unemployment problem we are looking forward to seeing ________ ought to have drawn widespread concern. A．handling B．to be handled C．handled D．to handle 40．The ________ letter from his old friend brought back many sweet memories of the past. A．writing B．written C．to write D．write 41．Lily pretended _________ the moment the teacher walked in, which made the teacher annoyed because she couldn’t bear _________. A．to be writing; being lied to B．to write; being lied to C．to be writing; to be lied to D．to write; to be lied to 42．The solution _________ the pollution problem is that we should stop the factories _________ harmful chemicals into the river. A．of; releasing B．for; to release C．to; from releasing D．in; to release 43．I could barely make ______ his face in the darkness. A．of B．out C．for D．it 44．The doctor recommended that Mike __________ immediately for his health. A．quits to smoke B．had to quit smoking C．must quit to smoke D．quit smoking 45．Anyone ________ life frequently can never experience the real happiness of life. A．complaining about B．complaining C．complains of D．who complains 46．Its system ________ perfectly, the robot interacted with the audience naturally as if it ________ a real person with emotions. A．ran; were B．ran; was C．running; were D．running; was 47． , the text became easier for us to learn. A．Explaining new words B．New words explained C．New words have been explained D．Having explained new words 48．The project is expected to cost over 50 million dollars, ________ A．included the labor cost B．the labor cost included C．to include the labor cost D．and the labor cost included 49．So far, the country has successfully sent up three unmanned ________ into low-earth orbit, the most recent ________ at the end of last March. A．spacecrafts; has been launched B．spacecraft; launched C．spacecrafts; having been launched D．spacecraft; was launched 50．There ________(be) no cause for alarm, the old man returned calmly to his room. A．being B．was C．having D．be 51．When I entered the room, I found Mary seated quietly on the sofa, with her eyes ________ on the smartphone. A．fixing B．to be fixed C．to fix D．fixed 52．Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses ________ advantage of the celebrations. A．to take B．to be taken C．taking D．taken 53．She spent a peaceful afternoon reading in the room, with the golden sunlight ______ warm patterns on the floor. A．to cast B．cast C．having cast D．casting 54．With a castle ________ on the hilltop and a river flowing through the valley, I couldn’t help but have my attention ________ on the scenery. A．stood; focusing B．standing; focused C．standing; focusing D．stood; focused 55．The professor stressed the importance of data accuracy, with its original source ________ to every experimental result. A．attached B．attaching C．to attach D．being attached 二、完形填空 Imagine having the opportunity to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone. You can do this in a virtual choir. Virtual choir members 56 themselves while they perform alone on video. These videos are 57 onto the Internet and then they are put together into one video that you can see online — a virtual choir. Anyone can take part in a virtual choir from anywhere — all you need is a video camera and an Internet 58 . You do not even need a studio. A virtual choir helps 59 ordinary people together. Many people do not have close friends or 60 who have the same interest in music. Many others do not have the 61 to join a local choir. A virtual choir enables them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the 62 community. It has proved to be a positive influence on the lives of many people. As one virtual choir member said, “Music helps me to 63 my problems. With music, I become someone else.” The virtual choir was the 64 of award-winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre. Born in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began 65 music at the University of Nevada in 1988. He fell in love with Mozart’s classical music when he sang for the university choir. 66 by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.” In 2009, Whitacre received a video of a girl who was singing one of his works. 67 , he asked his fans to make videos, which he then joined together into one performance. His first virtual choir had 185 singers from 12 different countries. Since then, the virtual choir has become a worldwide 68 . The virtual choir is a wonderful 69 for people around the world to sing with one voice and thus make the world a 70 place. 56．A．record B．watch C．find D．meet 57．A．made B．uploaded C．seen D．taken 58．A．book B．service C．connection D．show 59．A．divide B．connect C．leave D．escape 60．A．classmates B．contacts C．teachers D．doctors 61．A．chance B．idea C．time D．place 62．A．local B．small C．global D．simple 63．A．remember B．forget C．raise D．solve 64．A．question B．suggestion C．idea D．problem 65．A．teaching B．studying C．writing D．reading 66．A．Moved B．Disappointed C．Surprised D．Bored 67．A．Tired B．Inspired C．Worried D．Shocked 68．A．problem B．project C．phenomenon D．story 69．A．way B．game C．lesson D．dream 70．A．dirtier B．darker C．quieter D．better 三、阅读理解 1 Of all the Chinese 24 solar terms, Clear and Bright is the only one whose first day is also a traditional Chinese festival, the Qingming Festival or the Tomb-Sweeping Day. The words “clear” and “bright” describe the weather during this period. Temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases, making it an important time for growing crops in the spring. As is known, it is a time to worship (敬奉) ancestors. However, here are several things you may not know about Clear and Bright. Spring Outings Not only is it a period to honor the dead, but it is also time for people to go out and enjoy nature. As trees turn green, flowers blossom, and the sun shines brightly, everything returns to life. It is a fine time to appreciate the beauty of nature. Flying Kites Flying kites is an activity favored by many Chinese during the Tomb-Sweeping Day. Kites are not only flown during the daytime but also in the evening. Little lanterns are tied to the kites. And when the kites are flying in the sky, the lanterns look like twinkling stars at night. What makes flying kites during this day special is that people cut the string while the kite is in the sky to let it fly freely. It is said that this brings good luck and that diseases can be chased away by doing this. Cuju Cuju is an interesting game played during this period. Ju is a ball made of leather with hairs plugged in it. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor first invented it for training warriors. Later, Cuju was used by people to build up their bodies when they were unable to eat hot food during the Cold Food Festival. Feasting on Qingtuan In the lower parts of the Yangtze River region, qingtuan is very popular on the Tomb-Sweeping Day. Qingtuan is a kind of round green cake. In order to make the cakes, people mash (捣碎) Ay Tsao (艾草) to squeeze juice from it and mix the flour and juice to a paste. Then they put fillings into the paste and steam them. Pretty and delicate, qingtuan has a special flavor. 71．Why are kites allowed to fly freely during Clear and Bright? A．To admire the beauty of nature. B．To send information to the warriors. C．To wish good luck and hope no diseases. D．To show personal taste and preference. 72．What can we know about Clear and Bright? A．It promises the beginning of the farming. B．It is right after the Tomb-Sweeping Day. C．All plants would revive on this very day. D．People must eat a green cake and fly kites. 73．Which of the following can be the best title? A．A Time to Enjoy Nature. B．An Important Family Occasion. C．Traditions on Clear and Bright. D．Clear and Bright: A Feast for Eyes. 2 Biologist Beth Shapiro believes that it is quite unlikely we will see a dodo (a flightless bird) walking the earth again anytime soon. “When people consider the idea of bringing back extinct animals, they often think about cloning,” Shapiro stated. Cloning is the method that produced Dolly the sheep in 1996 and another species in 2020. It involves creating a genetic copy of an animal by taking DNA from a living adult cell and placing it into a specially prepared egg cell. Adult cells contain all the necessary DNA to develop into a living creature. The egg cells then use this DNA to form different types of cells — such as skin, organs, blood, and bones — that the animal needs. However, there are no usable cells from the dodo available today. Shapiro explained that scientists would have to start with the DNA of a closely related species and change it to make it look like that of the dodo. For instance, mammoths (a type of elephant), which are also extinct, lack any living cells. But since they are closely related to modern Asian elephants, researchers are attempting to bring mammoths back by creating a hybrid (杂交生物体). This involves adding some mammoth genes into the DNA of an elephant egg cell. Still, Shapiro notes that there could be many genetic differences between Asian elephants and mammoths. In the case of the dodo, its nearest living relative is the Nicobar pigeon, a smaller and more colorful bird that can fly. While mammoths and Asian elephants are quite similar, it has been over 20 million years since the dodo and the Nicobar pigeon shared a common ancestor. This indicates that the genetic differences between these two bird species are significant, making it challenging to create a successful hybrid in the laboratory, Shapiro emphasized. Even if scientists manage to bring back dodos, the island where they once lived has undergone substantial changes. The loss of forests, the introduction of harmful species, and human activities would make it very difficult to reintroduce dodos without considerable help. 74．What is the main point the author aims to convey in paragraph 2? A．The procedure involved in cloning. B．Progress made in cloning techniques. C．The challenges associated with cloning. D．Different types of famous cloned animals. 75．What similarity between mammoths and dodos can be concluded from Shapiro’s words? A．Both lack close living relatives. B．They possess a similar type of DNA． C．No animals’ genes closely match theirs. D．Their living cells are difficult to preserve. 76．What is suggested in the last paragraph? A．The habitat of dodos has been harmed. B．There are plans to create an island for dodos. C．There is public support for bringing back dodos. D．Severe climate changes led to the extinction of dodos. 77．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How can we protect dodo-like species? B．Is it possible to bring dodos back to life? C．What motivates scientists to clone dodos? D．Should the impact of cloning be expanded? 四、语法填空 阅读下面的短文或句子，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Luo Xianhua, a tea farmer from Tongmu village deep within the Wuyishan National Park, also serves as a forest ranger for at least 15 days every month. The national park, 78 (carve) on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a mixed cultural and natural heritage site, is home to the world's most well-preserved mid-subtropical forest ecosystem. 79 on watch at the Tongmu conservation station, Luo patrols (巡逻) the forest, monitors wildlife, and checks for fire hazards. He firmly holds the belief 80 a healthy environment is the foundation of high-quality tea. He tends his alpine tea garden and keeps a close eye on any signs of 81 (ecology) damage. Uniforms away, Luo returns to his tea garden 82 (earn) a living for his family. “Good environment is 83 guarantee to quality tea products, “he says. His words reflect a simple but profound truth: humans and the land cannot be separated. His efforts, 84 (fortunate), have inspired others in the community. So far,12 people from his village 85 (join) the ranger team to help protect the national park. All of them work as volunteers, patrolling the forest and preventing it 86 illegal logging. The Wuyishan National Park plays a critical role in global biodiversity conservation, 87 is why Luo takes his duty seriously. “We are not just protecting trees,” he explains. “We are protecting a living system.” 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】考查时态、语态。句意：杰克经常做傻事，所以他有时会被别人嘲笑。根据前半句及后半句中的sometimes可知，此处考查一般现在时，laugh为不及物动词，需加介词at后才可带宾语，动词短语laugh at与主语he之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，be动词为is。故填is；laughed at。故选B项。 2．A 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：坦率地说，我不知道下一步该做什么。分析句子可知，空处作idea的同位语，结合选项中的及物动词do可知，do缺少宾语，B和D选项中的how不符合要求，可排除；分析A和C选项可知，空处是名词性从句，需使用陈述句语序，C选项不符合要求。故选A。 3．C 【解析】考查动词和时态。句意：我们都知道，他从不抽烟。由know和 never 可知时态是一般现在时，主语为he，因此要用动词的第三人称单数形式。故选C项。 4．D 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：你今天所学的东西在你找工作的时候将会证明是很实用的。prove“证明是”是不及物动词，没有被动语态。根据句意是指在将来找工作的时候证明是有用的，应该用一般将来时，故选D项。 5．C 【解析】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意：听起来像是一个年轻女孩在伤心地哭泣。sound like是固定短语，意为“听起来像”，其中sound在这里是系动词，不能用于被动语态，句子陈述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，sound用过去式形式，故第一空用sounded like；第二空作后置定语修饰空前名词girl，girl与cry为主动关系，且强调动作正在进行，用现在分词形式crying。故选C。 6．C 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他的祖父已经去世十年了。空处为谓语，根据时间状语“for ten years”表示“持续十年”以及句意可知，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，用现在完成时，且要求谓语动词必须是延续性的。die是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间状语连用，需转化为延续性状态be dead，表“死亡的状态”。主语“His grandfather”为单数，助动词用has，故选C。 7．A 【解析】考查语态。句意：这个女人比她看起来要老。在本句中look作为系动词，与older连用；表示“看起来”。look at意为“看……”，其后需要加宾语。故选A。 8．D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：咖啡太棒了！它尝起来和我以前喝过的都不一样。taste是系动词，不用被动语态，排除AC；根据句意和前文时态可知，空2处表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态。故选D。 9．A 【解析】考查连词和系动词。句意：我的包是红色的，我妹妹的也是红色的。too也，表示和前面的一样，用于肯定句的末尾；可排除C和D两项。and“和”，表并列；but但是，表转折。本题前后是两个并列关系的句子，需用and连接，主语my sister’s“我妹妹的(包)”是单数第三人称，系词需用is。故选A。 10．B 【解析】考查感官动词。句意：这种音乐听起来很舒服。sound“听起来”，为系动词，无被动。结合句意可知本句陈述现在的状态，故句子用一般现在时，且主语为This kind of music，故谓语用第三人称单数形式sounds。故选B。 11．A 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：这就是我们看起来所是的样子。A.predicate谓语；B.adverbial 状语；C.predicative表语；D.attribute定语。分析句子可知主语是That，was是系动词，作谓语，之后是表语从句。故选A。 12．B 【解析】考查使役动词。句意：你想让谁帮你解决这个问题？分析句子，句中构成have sb. do sth.为固定句型，意为“使某人做某事”。故选B。 13．B 【解析】句意：不要轻易被伏击式营销套路，冲动买下本不需要的商品；这类营销企图左右消费决策，却从不告知消费者背后的操控手段。第一空考查固定结构let sb. be done，表示“让某人被……”，此处yourself与persuade为被动关系，需用be persuaded；第二空考查动词seek的用法，seek to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“企图/试图做某事”，因此用to influence。 14．C 【解析】考查使役动词和情态动词的用法。句意：——我们去看电影吧!——对不起，我必须先做作业。go to the movie看电影；do my homework做家庭作业，固定搭配；let’s后接动词原形，所以第一空处需用go；must必需，后接动词原形，所以第二空处需用do。故选C。 15．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个老师无法让学生注意听自己讲课，因为他的教学方法不吸引人。由pay attention to sb./sth.可知，himself与pay attention to之间是动宾关系，故这里用过去分词短语paid attention to做宾语补足语。故选择A项。 16．C 【解析】考查反意疑问句。怀特先生不相信他的儿子能买得起一台数码照相机，对吗？根据句子结构可知，这句话考查反意疑问句。句子陈述部分是宾语从句，反意疑问句部分要依据主句的主语和谓语动词的结构来判断。主句谓语是实义动词“believe”，反意疑问句部分要用到助动词do。又因为陈述句主句的主语是第三人称“Mr.White”，而且是一般现在时的否定句，有助动词does，所以，反意疑问句部分要用助动词的肯定形式+主语的结构。故选C项。 17．A 【解析】考查名词复数和助动词用法。句意：虽然我的新手机有很多功能，但运行不太好。function作名词意为“功能”，为可数名词，在many后应用复数形式。function作动词意为“运行”，在助动词do或does后应用原形。故选A。 18．A 【解析】考查部分倒装句结构。句意：当今社会，许多青少年把父母对他们的爱当成是理所当然。他们几乎都没有考虑过应该做什么去回报父母。Seldom是否定副词“几乎不”的意思，放在句首时，主句谓语要部分倒装，即把谓语里面的助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语前面。根据句意，这句话应该是一般现在时，谓语是实义动词think，主语是复数代词they，所以倒装时要加助动词do，并将其提到主语的前面，所以应该填do they think。故选A项。 19．D 【解析】考查主谓一致和冠词。句意：去看牙医并不一定是一次可怕的经历。“Going to the dentist's ”是动名词做主语，谓语要用单数形式，因此使用助词does，experience是“经历”意思时，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，用不定冠词。awful是以元音开头，用an修饰。故选D。 20．B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：最近被诊断患有抑郁症的高中生的比例还没有显著下降。第一空为定语从句中谓语动词被动态；定语从句谓语动词的形式由先行词单复数决定，先行词students at high schools是复数形式，故be动词用复数，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时复数形式were；第二空为主句谓语动词现在完成时助动词have的选择，主语the percentage是单数，故助动词用三单形式has。故选B项。 21．D 【解析】句意：必须充分利用每一分钟来学习英语。利用每一分钟的目的是学习英语，用不定式to study作目的状语。 22．D 【解析】句意：屋顶上厚厚的积雪威胁要压垮脆弱的木制温室。固定搭配 threaten to do sth. 意为“威胁要做某事”或“有……的危险”。句中主语 The heavy snow pack 与 threaten 之间为主动关系，故使用主动语态。此外，空后带有宾语 the fragile wooden greenhouse，不定式中的动词需为及物动词。collapse 常作不及物动词，意为“倒塌”；而 crush 为及物动词，意为“压垮”，符合语法结构与语境。 23．C 【解析】句意：现在人们认为这座桥的坍塌发生在昨晚暴雨期间。be believed to do sth.是固定结构，意为“被认为做某事”。由于桥坍塌这个动作发生在“现在认为”之前，所以用不定式的完成式to have occurred。 24．D 【解析】句意：据认为，在那个国家，吸毒约占所有已报告的艾滋病病例的四分之三。make for有助于；reported报告；account for占(比例)。根据句意，第一空表达‌“占……比例”，应用动词短语account for，在不定式符号to后用原形；第二空处report(报告)作定语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语cases之间为被动关系，应用过去分词reported表被动。 25．B 【解析】句意：在自我管理项目期间，这位参与者被观察到养成了更健康的习惯，并成功完成了30天的挑战。observe sb. do sth. 用于被动语态时为sb. be observed to do sth.，表示“某人被观察到做某事”，这里强调动作的全过程，to form在句中作主语补足语。 26．C 【解析】句意：夏天长时间暴露在强烈的阳光下会导致严重晒伤，令你痛苦不堪。空格处在句中作主语，expose与逻辑主语“人（隐含）”构成被动关系，用动名词的被动式Being exposed to。 27．C 【解析】句意：—— 公司间合作最重要的是什么？—— 真诚地处理分歧。问句用what询问主语内容，答语需用动名词Approaching作主语。 28．B 【解析】句意：多年来，他一直是一名山地救援志愿者，这是一份他充满热情的工作，因为它要求带着强烈的目标感冒险进入陌生的区域。require作“需要，要求”讲时，当主语是物（如本题中从句主语it指代前面的a job）时，常接动名词作宾语，主动表达被动。it与require为主动关系。 29．B 【解析】句意：最近的一项研究分析表明，暴露在阳光下会对皮肤造成伤害。“________ to sunlight”在宾语从句中作主语，需用动名词或不定式形式。expose为及物动词，固定搭配be exposed to 意为“暴露于……”，此处表示“被暴露在阳光下”，需用动名词的被动式being exposed to作主语，四个选项中仅B项符合作主语且表被动的语法逻辑。 30．D 【解析】句意：严格的教授不能容忍学生再次犯同样的错误，但这个学生不愿承认自己的粗心，坚持认为自己的答案在某种意义上是正确的。tolerate sb./sb.’s doing sth.“容忍某人做某事”，第一空用the student making或the student’s making，表示“容忍学生犯错”；insist表示“坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，此处描述的是学生当时坚持认为自己的答案正确，从句应用一般过去时，从句主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。 31．C 【解析】句意：一座追溯至北齐时期的古寺上月毁于大火，引发了人们对文物有效保护的担忧。本句谓语为was destroyed，两空均为非谓语动词，date back to“追溯至”为固定短语，无被动语态，temple与date back to为主动关系，第一空用现在分词dating，作后置定语。第二空表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词causing，作结果状语。 32．B 【解析】句意：工作了两天，史蒂夫终于按时完成了报告。句中已有谓语动词managed，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语Steve与work之间是主动关系，且work这一动作发生在谓语动词之前，因此需使用现在分词的完成式having worked。 33．C 【解析】句意：杰克说话非常小心且缓慢，在做出选择之前权衡着利弊。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词spoke且无连词，故空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。动词短语weigh up（权衡）与逻辑主语Jack之间构成主动关系，且该动作与谓语动词spoke同时发生，表示伴随状态，因此应用现在分词的一般式主动语态weighing up。 34．A 【解析】句意：在对提案讨论了几个小时之后，委员会最终达成了一致意见，得出结论认为在继续推进之前需要进行重大调整。此处作伴随状语，conclude(得出结论)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语the committee构成主动关系，用现在分词表主动。 35．C 【解析】句意：此次地震据信已造成超过 5000 人死亡，数千人无家可归，这或许使其成为该地区历史上破坏力最强的一次地震。句子第一个空格处使用了固定句型“sb./sth. is believed to do sth.(某人/某物被认为做了某事)”，不定式的不同时态形式可以体现动作的时间关系。kill这个动作发生在is believed之前，且已经完成，因此用不定式的完成式to have killed，表示动作先于主句动作发生。逗号后面的部分是结果状语，用来补充说明地震造成的后果，因此需要一个非谓语动词作状语。句子的主语是The earthquake与动词make之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式making作结果状语，表示自然的结果。 36．B 【解析】句意：该部门是否批准了旨在促进经济增长的税收变动？句中已有谓语动词give，且无连词，故空格处应填入非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰名词the tax changes。固定搭配be meant to do sth.意为“旨在做某事”，动词mean与被修饰词the tax changes之间是逻辑上的被动关系，此处应用过去分词meant。 37．A 【解析】句意：第二天早上，当小女孩打开窗户时，她兴奋地发现整个地面都被雪覆盖了。空处考查“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语the whole ground与动词cover之间为被动关系，且表示一种已经完成的状态，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。 38．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦你决定了主办城市，数以百万计的人就会开始基于此制定计划，并且数亿美元也会花费在上面。空格处在句中作后置定语修饰名词plans。固定搭配be based on意为“基于……”，此处plans与动词base之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用过去分词形式作后置定语。 39．C 【解析】句意：我们期盼看到得到解决的失业问题本应受到广泛关注。该句中“we are looking forward to seeing”为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词problem，先行词在从句中作宾语，所以此处为“see+宾语+宾补”结构的变形，宾语the unemployment problem与handle为被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。 40．B 【解析】句意：他老朋友写来的信唤起了许多过去甜蜜的回忆。此句已有谓语动词brought，空处需用非谓语形式；动词write与名词letter之间是逻辑上的被动关系，即“被写的信”，因此应用过去分词written作前置定语。 41．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师一进来，莉莉就假装在写字，这让老师很生气，因为她不能忍受被欺骗。根据句意可知，第一空表示“假装正在做某事”，应用pretend to be doing sth.；第二空bear doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“忍受做某事”，且此处表示被动，应用bear being done。故填A。 42．C 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：解决污染问题的办法是我们应该阻止工厂向河里排放有害化学物质。第一空，the solution to...为固定搭配，表示“……的解决办法”；第二空，stop...from doing...为固定搭配，表示“阻止……做……”，其中from可以省略。故选C。 43．B 【解析】考查介词和固定短语。句意：在黑暗中我几乎辨认不出他的脸。make out是固定短语，意为 “辨认出，看出”，在句中表达在黑暗环境下对他脸的辨认动作，符合语境。make of意为 “理解，看待”；make for意为 “走向，有助于”；make it 意为 “成功做到”，均不符合此处语境。故选B项。 44．D 【解析】考查虚拟语气和固定搭配。句意：为了迈克的健康，医生建议他立刻戒烟。分析句子结构可知，recommend后接宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) do，should可省略；且quit doing sth为固定搭配，表“停止做某事”，综上所述，D项quit smoking符合语法和搭配要求，故选D项。 45．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——任何经常抱怨生活的人永远体会不到生活真正的幸福。此句已有谓语“can never experience”，所以这里不能再用谓语形式，C选项complains of为谓语形式，不符合；“抱怨……”用complain about，B选项complaining缺少介词，D选项who complains缺少介词，均不正确；complaining about life frequently是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰Anyone，表示主动关系，即“主动抱怨生活的人”。故选A。 46．C 【解析】句意：系统运行完美，这个机器人和观众自然互动，仿佛它是一个有情感的真人。分析句子可知，第一空：前后两个分句无连词，不是并列句，前半句为独立主格结构。主语its system与run是主动关系，用现在分词running，排除 A、B。第二空：为as if引导虚拟语气，表示“仿佛、好像”（机器人并不是真正有情感的人，与事实相反）。虚拟语气中，be 动词一律用were，不用was。 47．B 【解析】句意：新单词被解释后，课文对我们来说更容易学习了。根据逗号前后无连词、主语不一致，需用独立主格结构；new words与explain为被动关系，用过去分词explained，所以用“new words explained”的独立主格结构作状语。 48．B 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：该项目预计花费将超过5000万美元，其中包括人工成本。此处为独立主格结构，且the labor cost与include构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故选B。 49．B 【解析】考查名词的复数和独立主格结构。句意：截至目前，该国已成功将三艘无人航天器送入近地轨道，其中最近的一次是在去年3月底发射的。由three可知，第一空用名词spacecraft复数形式作sent up宾语，spacecraft是单复数同形的名词，因此第一空填spacecraft；句中has sent up作谓语动词，“the most recent ________ at the end of last March”为独立主格结构，“the most recent”与动词launch是逻辑上的被动关系，且根据“at the end of last March”可知，launch这一动作已完成，第二空填过去分词launched。故选B。 50．A 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：没有必要惊慌，老人平静地回到了自己的房间。本句已有谓语动词returned，且两部分之间无连词，因此前半部分为独立主格结构，there be的独立主格形式为there being，句首首字母需大写，所以此处使用being。故选A项。 51．D 【解析】句意：当我进入房间时，我发现玛丽安静地坐在沙发上，眼睛紧盯着智能手机。此处为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。固定搭配fix one’s eyes on sth.意为“把目光集中在……上”。在该结构中，宾语her eyes与动词fix之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且表示一种伴随的状态，因此应用过去分词fixed作宾语补足语。 52．C 【解析】句意：节日变得越来越商业化，商家利用这些庆祝活动。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构。固定搭配take advantage of意为“利用”。句中宾语businesses与动词take之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且表示伴随的状态，因此应用现在分词taking作宾语补足语。 53．D 【解析】句意：她在房间里度过了一个宁静的下午看书，金色的阳光在地上投下温暖的图案。本题考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构。句中宾语the golden sunlight与动词cast间为主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。 54．B 【解析】句意：山顶上伫立着一座城堡，山谷中流淌着一条河流，我不由自主地把注意力集中在风景上。第一空，with复合结构中，castle与stand是主动关系，第一空用现在分词standing，作宾补；“have+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，my attention与focus是被动关系，第二空用过去分词focused，作宾补。 55．A 【解析】句意：这位教授强调了数据准确性的重要性，并且每项实验结果都附上其原始来源。此处用了with的复合结构，空处作宾语补足语，固定短语attach A to B表示“把A附在B上”，attach和its original source逻辑上是被动关系，且不涉及正在发生的含义，因此用attach的过去分词形式attached。 二、 56．A 57．B 58．C 59．B 60．B 61．A 62．A 63．B 64．C 65．B 66．A 67．B 68．C 69．A 70．D 【解析】本文介绍虚拟合唱团，人们居家录视频上传合成合唱作品，它凝聚音乐爱好者，慰藉心灵，由音乐家创立，风靡全球，用歌声让世界更美好。 【56．考查动词。句意：线上合唱团成员独自演唱时录制个人演唱视频。A. record录制；B. watch观看；C. find找到；D. meet遇见。根据后文“then they are put together into one video”提到拍摄视频并整合的内容可知此处是录制视频。 57．考查动词。句意：这些视频被上传到网上，之后被合成一个可在线观看的视频，也就是虚拟合唱团视频。A. made制作；B. uploaded上传；C. seen看见；D. taken拿。根据后文“onto the Internet”可知，网络传播视频的常识可知是上传视频。 58．考查名词。句意：任何人无论身处何地，都可以加入虚拟合唱团——你只需要一台摄像机和网络连接即可。A. book书籍；B. service服务；C. connection连接；D. show演出。根据上文“all you need is a video camera and an Internet”可知，上网需要网络连接。 59．考查动词。句意：虚拟合唱团把普通人联系在一起。A. divide分开；B. connect联系；C. leave离开；D. escape逃离。根据上文“Anyone can take part in a virtual choir from anywhere”可知，线上合唱汇聚众人，此处表示联结人群。 60．考查名词。句意：很多人没有志趣相投、同样热爱音乐的挚友或熟人。A. classmates同学；B. contacts熟人；C. teachers老师；D. doctors医生。根据上文“Many people do not have close friends or”可知，此处泛指身边有共同爱好的朋友或者熟人。 61．考查名词。句意：还有很多人没有机会加入本地合唱团。A. chance机会；B. idea想法；C. time时间；D. place地点。根据后文“to join a local choir”以及结合语境可知人们缺少线下加入合唱团的机会。 62．考查形容词。句意：一个虚拟合唱团让他们能够将自己的歌声与他人歌声相结合，从而融入当地社区之中。A. local当地的；B. small小的；C. global全球的；D. simple简单的。呼应上文“to join a local choir”指融入当地社区之中。 63．考查动词。句意：正如一位虚拟合唱团成员所说：“音乐帮助我忘记许多问题。”A. remember记住；B. forget忘记；C. raise提升；D. solve解决。结合后文“With music, I become someone else.”音乐改变自我的心境可知是忘掉烦心事。 64．考查名词。句意：虚拟合唱团是获奖作曲家兼指挥家埃里克·惠特克的创意。A. question问题；B. suggestion建议；C. idea想法，创意；D. problem难题。根据后文“of award-winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre”可知，此处指这是他想出的创意形式。 65．考查动词。句意：惠特克于1970年1月2日出生在美国，1988年开始在内华达大学学习音乐。A. teaching教授；B. studying学习；C. writing创作；D. reading阅读。根据后文“music at the University of Nevada in 1988”指他在大学里是学习音乐专业。 66．考查形容词。句意：被这音乐所打动，他说道：“那感觉就像是第一次见到色彩一样。”A. Moved感动的；B. Disappointed失望的；C. Surprised惊讶的；D. Bored无聊的。根据后文“It was like seeing color for the first time.”指他因喜爱古典乐内心深受触动。 67．考查形容词。句意：受到这件事的启发，他号召粉丝录制视频并整合表演。A. Tired疲惫的；B. Inspired受启发的；C. Worried担忧的；D. Shocked震惊的。根据上文“In 2009, Whitacre received a video of a girl who was singing one of his works.”可知，收到粉丝演唱视频后萌生想法，是受到启发。 68．考查名词。句意：从那以后，虚拟合唱团成为了风靡全球的现象。A. problem问题；B. project项目；C. phenomenon现象；D. story故事。根据上文“His first virtual choir had 185 singers from 12 different countries.”可知，该合唱形式在全世界流行，成为一种社会现象。 69．考查名词。句意：这个虚拟合唱团为世界各地的人们提供了一种绝佳的方式，让大家能够齐声合唱，从而让这个世界变得更加美好。A. way方式；B. game游戏；C. lesson课程；D. dream梦想。根据后文“for people around the world to sing with one voice”此处指代实现集体合唱的途径与方法。 70．考查形容词。句意：这个虚拟合唱团为世界各地的人们提供了一种绝佳的方式，让大家能够齐声合唱，从而让这个世界变得更加美好。A. dirtier更脏乱的；B. darker更黑暗的；C. quieter更安静的；D. better更好的。根据上文“people around the world to sing with one voice”可知，音乐凝聚人心能让世界变得更美好。 三、 1 71．C 72．A 73．C 【解析】文章讲述清明是二十四节气之一，也是传统扫墓节日。文章介绍了清明春游、放风筝、蹴鞠、吃青团等多种特色传统习俗。 71．细节理解题。根据第三段“It is said that this brings good luck and that diseases can be chased away by doing this.(据说这样做可以带来好运，还能驱走疾病。)”可知，人们剪断风筝线让风筝自由飞走，是为了祈求好运、远离疾病。 72．推理判断题。根据第一段“Temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases, making it an important time for growing crops in the spring.(气温开始回升，降雨量增多，这是春季农作物种植的重要时节。)”可知，清明预示着农耕劳作的开启。 73．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, here are several things you may not know about Clear and Bright.(不过，关于清明，还有一些大家可能不了解的习俗。)”并结合下文介绍的春游、放风筝、蹴鞠、吃青团等传统活动可知，文章主要介绍清明时节的各类传统习俗，所以C项“Traditions on Clear and Bright.(清明习俗)”符合语境。 2 74．A 75．C 76．A 77．B 【解析】本文以克隆技术为切入点，从基因差异、现存细胞、栖息地环境等方面分析，说明短期内复活渡渡鸟存在诸多难题。 74．主旨大意题。根据第二段“It involves creating a genetic copy of an animal by taking DNA from a living adult cell and placing it into a specially prepared egg cell.(克隆涉及通过从活的成年细胞中提取DNA并将其放入专门制备的卵细胞中来创建动物的基因拷贝。)”以及后文对细胞发育过程的介绍可知，第二段主要讲解克隆技术的操作流程。 75．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, there are no usable cells from the dodo available today. Shapiro explained that scientists would have to start with the DNA of a closely related species and change it to make it look like that of the dodo.(如今已经没有可用的渡渡鸟细胞。夏皮罗解释说，科学家只能选取近缘物种的DNA并进行改造，来模拟渡渡鸟的基因。)”和“But since they are closely related to modern Asian elephants, researchers are attempting to bring mammoths back by creating a hybrid.(猛犸象与现代亚洲象亲缘相近，研究人员尝试通过杂交的方式复活猛犸象。)” 可知，渡渡鸟和猛犸象都没有基因高度匹配的现存动物，只能依靠改造近缘物种基因开展研究。 76．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even if scientists manage to bring back dodos, the island where they once lived has undergone substantial changes. The loss of forests, the introduction of harmful species, and human activities would make it very difficult to reintroduce dodos without considerable help.(即使科学家设法带回渡渡鸟，它们曾经居住的岛屿也发生了巨大的变化。森林的丧失、有害物种的引入和人类活动将使在没有大量帮助的情况下很难重新引入渡渡鸟。)”可知，渡渡鸟的栖息地已经遭到了破坏。 77．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Biologist Beth Shapiro believes that it is quite unlikely we will see a dodo (a flightless bird) walking the earth again anytime soon.(生物学家贝丝・夏皮罗认为，我们在短期内不太可能再次见到渡渡鸟重现地球。)”结合全文内容可知，文章围绕能否复活渡渡鸟展开分析，探讨其中的技术与环境难题。所以B项“Is it possible to bring dodos back to life?(渡渡鸟有可能复活吗？)”符合文意。 四、 78．carved 79．While/When 80．that 81．ecological 82．to earn 83．a 84．fortunately 85．have joined 86．from 87．which 【解析】本文讲述武夷山国家公园桐木村茶农罗先华身兼护林员，坚守生态保护工作，秉持绿水青山孕育优质好茶的理念，带动村民共同守护武夷山生态与生物多样性的故事。 78．考查非谓语动词。句意：这座被列入联合国教科文组织世界文化与自然双重遗产名录的国家公园，拥有全球保存最完好的中亚热带森林生态系统。此处作后置定语，逻辑主语The national park与动词carve为被动关系，用过去分词carved表被动。 79．考查状语从句连词。句意：在桐木保护站执勤时，罗先华巡查森林、监测野生动物并排查火灾隐患。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，用从属连词while/when引导从句；句首首字母大写。 80．考查同位语从句。句意：他坚信，良好的环境是高品质茶叶的基础。从句具体解释说明抽象名词belief的内容，从句句意完整、成分齐全，用连词that引导同位语从句。 81．考查形容词。句意：他打理着自己的高山茶园，密切关注任何生态遭到破坏的迹象。空处修饰名词damage，需用形容词作定语，ecology对应的形容词为ecological，意为“生态的”。 82．考查非谓语动词。句意：卸下护林制服后，罗先华便回到茶园，靠劳作养家糊口。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，说明返回茶园的目的，故填to earn。 83．考查冠词。句意：良好的环境是优质茶叶的保障。guarantee为可数名词单数，此处表泛指，且发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 84．考查副词。句意：所幸，他的努力鼓舞了社区里的其他人。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词，fortunate对应的副词形式为fortunately，意为“幸运地”。 85．考查现在完成时。句意：迄今为止，村里已有12人加入护林队，助力守护这座国家公园。join(加入)是谓语动词，时间状语So far是现在完成时的标志词，主语为复数名词，谓语用复数形式have joined。 86．考查固定搭配。句意：他们全部以志愿者身份工作，巡查森林，防止森林遭到非法砍伐。固定搭配prevent...from doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”，故填from。 87．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：武夷山国家公园在全球生物多样性保护中起着至关重要的作用，这也是罗先华认真对待自己职责的原因。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词指代前文整句话内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $