专题01 过去进行时（暑假复习讲义）新八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

专题01 过去进行时（暑假复习讲义） 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 过去进行时 1. 基本结构：was/were +动词- ing，主谓一致（高频） 2. 句式变换：肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 3. 核心用法：过去具体时间点 / 时间段正在进行的动作 4. when/while 引导时间状语从句的时态搭配（重难点） 5. 与一般过去时的时态辨析（必考） 6. 动词- ing拼写规则、延续动词 / 瞬间动词区分（易错点） 1. 侧重语境理解，单纯考标志词的基础题减少，结合对话、短文综合考查 2. when/while 混合辨析为核心热点，几乎每套习题都会涉及 3. 高频考查过去进行时vs一般过去时时态对比 4. 在单句、语篇、语法选择中考查时态一致性 5. 结合固定短语、动词辨析、主谓一致综合设题 考情解码：过去进行时是七年级核心时态，也是衔接八、九年级语法的基础。本专题重在区分动作状态：过去进行时强调动作正在持续，一般过去时强调动作已完成。上海初中阶段侧重在真实语境、情景对话中考查时态运用，尤其强化 when 与 while 的用法差异，同时结合主谓一致、动词变形、短语辨析综合命题，暑期复习需吃透用法、理清时态区别、攻克易错点。 脉｜络｜重｜构 考｜点｜精｜讲 语法核心 过去进行时是初中英语核心时态，侧重描述过去某个特定时间点/时间段正在进行的动作，核心结构为“was/were+动词-ing”，常与一般过去时结合考查，区分动作的先后与持续状态 核心定义 表示过去某个具体的时间点，或过去某一时间段内正在进行、持续发生的动作，强调动作在过去的“进行中”状态，而非动作的完成结果 基本结构（含句式变化） 1. 肯定句：主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他 2. 否定句：主语+was/were+not+动词-ing+其他 3. 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词-ing+其他？ 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing+其他？ 补充说明：was用于第一、三人称单数（I/he/she/it），were用于第二人称单复数、第一三人称复数（you/we/they） 核心用法 1. 描述过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作（最核心用法） 2. 描述过去某一时间段内持续进行的动作 3. 用于when/while引导的时间状语从句中，区分动作的先后（while后接进行时，when后接一般过去时） 4. 描述过去两个同时进行的动作 时态标志词 at 8 o’clock last night, at this time yesterday, from 7 to 9 last night when/while引导的过去时间从句, the whole morning yesterday, at that moment 经典例句（含翻译） 1. I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.（昨晚8点我正在看电视。） 2. They were playing basketball from 4 to 6 yesterday afternoon.（昨天下午4点到6点他们一直在打篮球。） 3. When my mother came in, I was doing my homework.（我妈妈进来的时候，我正在写作业。） 4. While I was reading, my sister was listening to music.（我在看书的时候，我妹妹在听音乐。） 句式变化注意 1. 动词-ing需注意拼写规则（如write→writing，run→running，lie→lying） 2. was/were需随主语的人称和数变化，不可混用 3. 否定句中，not直接加在was/were后，可缩写为wasn’t/weren’t 4. 一般疑问句中，需将was/were提前至句首，主语后接动词-ing 易错点提醒 1. 不可与yesterday, last week等笼统的过去时间连用，需搭配具体的时间点/时间段 2. 瞬间动词（如arrive, die, buy, finish）不可用于过去进行时，此类动词无持续进行的状态 3. 区分when和while的用法：while后必须接延续性动作（进行时），when后可接瞬间动作（一般过去时） 4. 不可遗漏be动词（was/were），不能说“I watching TV last night” 与一般过去时的核心区别 1. 一般过去时：强调过去动作的完成、结果，或过去的习惯性动作（如：I watched TV last night. 昨晚我看了电视。） 2. 过去进行时：强调过去动作的持续、进行中状态，不关注动作是否完成（如：I was watching TV at 8 last night. 昨晚8点我正在看电视。） 知识点一 表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作 【典例破题】 I ________ TV when my mother came back. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．was watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我妈妈回来时，我正在看电视。 根据“when my mother came back”可知，从句是一般过去时，表示过去具体的时间点，主句表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing，主语为I，be动词用was。 【巩固提升1】 —Where were you at 8 yesterday evening? —I ________ a movie in a city cinema with my wife. After that, we went home. A．was watching B．will watch C．watched D．is watching 【巩固提升2】 —What ________ you ________ at this time yesterday? —I was watching TV. A．was; doing B．were; doing C．is; doing D．did; do 【巩固提升3】 —Why was the teacher so angry? —When he came into the classroom, the students ________ loudly. A．talked B．were talking C．are talking D．talk 知识点二 表示过去某一阶段一直发生的动作 【典例破题】 During the storm, the wind was ________ strongly. A．blowing B．blow C．blows D．blew 【答案】A 【详解】句意：暴风雨期间，风猛烈地刮着。 考查时态。根据“During the storm”可知，动作在过去持续进行，应用过去进行时（was/were + doing）。主语the wind是单数，be动词用was。故选A。 【巩固提升1】 —I didn’t see you at the party last night. —Oh, I ________ my grandparents in the countryside. They were ill. A．am visiting B．visit C．will visit D．was visiting 【巩固提升2】 —Why didn’t you watch the final of the football match last night, John? —Well, I ________ the history project with my friends at that time. A．discuss B．discussed C．am discussing D．was discussing 【巩固提升3】 —We went to an exciting football match last night. —What a pity! I ________ my homework. A．do B．am doing C．was doing D．would do 知识点三 过去进行时含when、while 【典例破题】 1.The students ________ classes in the classroom building when the earthquake happened. A．are having B．were having C．have D．had 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当地震发生时，学生们正在教学楼里上课。 根据“when the earthquake happened”可知，此处表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”，主语是复数，用were，have的现在分词是having。 2．While I ________ on the street, I found a little boy crying near the park. A．walked B．was walking C．were walking D．am walking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我在街上散步时，我发现一个小男孩在公园附近哭。 考查过去进行时。根据主句“I found a little boy crying”使用了一般过去时，且从句动作“在街上走”是“发现”这一瞬间正在发生的背景动作，需用过去进行时。主语“I”为单数，助动词应用was。故选B。 【巩固提升1】 When I got home last night, my parents ________ an interesting TV show. A．is watching B．are watching C．was watching D．were watching 【巩固提升2】 —What were you doing at 8 p.m. yesterday? —I ______ my homework while my mom was cooking. A．do B．did C．am doing D．was doing 【巩固提升3】 My cousin ________ the traffic rules by crossing the road carelessly while he ________ to the bus stop yesterday. A．broke; was running B．followed; was running C．was breaking; ran D．was following; ran 一、单项选择 1．—What ________ you ________ at 3:00 p.m. yesterday afternoon? —I was reading a book about outdoor adventures. A．do; do B．did; do C．were; doing D．are; doing 2．— Look! Is that your sister in the car? — Yes. My mom is ________ at the art club. A．drop off her B．drop her off C．dropping off her D．dropping her off 3．He ________ a game of tennis on TV when I ________ home last night. A．was watching; was coming B．was watching; came C．watched; came D．watched; was coming 4．While I _______ dinner last night, my friend _______ me a message. A．cooked; sent B．was cooking; sent C．cook; was sending D．am cooking; sends 5．—Did you notice him come in? —No. I ________ a football game at that time. A．have watched B．had watched C．am watching D．was watching 6．He ________ his leg when he ________ in the mountains last month. A．hurt; was hiking B．hurts; hikes C．hurt; hiked D．is hurt; hiking 7．I ________ to my favourite music in my bedroom ________ the lights went off. A．was listening; when B．listened; while C．was listening; while D．listened; when 8．By the time we arrived in Japan, our guide ________ for us at the airport for over an hour. A．waited B．has waited C．had been waiting D．was waiting 9．A ________ soldier who was ________ in the sickroom said: “If I am ________ please give this letter to my wife. ” A．dead; lying; dying B．dead; lying; died C．dying; lying; died D．dying; lying; dead 10．Every time the moon was round, Hou Yi was always ________ fruits in the garden to miss(思念) his wife. A．acting B．lying down C．laying out D．calling out 11．— Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried. — Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ________ of my coming exams. A．am thinking B．was thinking C．thought D．have thought 12．The music teacher as well as her students ________ the piano this time yesterday. A．play B．played C．were playing D．was playing 13．—What were your parents doing ________ you left home this morning? —My mother was sweeping the floor ________ my father was doing the dishes. A．while; when B．when; while C．when; since D．while; while 14．—What were you doing at 8:00 last night? —I ________ my homework. A．do B．did C．was doing D．am doing 15．—Alex, why didn’t you answer my call at nine last night? —Sorry. I ________ my mobile phone at home. I ________ basketball in the park with my friends. A．forgot; played B．forgot; was playing C．left; played D．left; was playing 16．—I met Jack when I passed by the garden. —Yes, he _______ some flowers with the help of his mother. A．planted B．is planting C．was planting D．will plant 17．—Why didn’t you join us in the park yesterday? —I ________ my little sister ________ her online homework. A．help; do B．helped; do C．was helping; do D．am helping; do 18．Jimmy dropped his keys as he ________ to catch the train. A．runs B．ran C．has run D．was running 19．Poor thing! Jack ________ a fall when he ________ on the ice. He got hurt badly. A．was having; was skating B．had; was skating C．was having; skated D．has had; was skating 20．—Why didn’t you go to the party last night? —I ________ with my brother over a toy, so I missed it. A．argue B．argued C．was arguing D．have argued 二、单词拼写 21．When you called me yesterday, I _________ (help) my mom in the kitchen. 22．My uncle was ________ (kill) a hen when I went to visit him. 23．I ________ (chat) with my friends on the Internet when my mum came in. 24．My sister ________ (do) her homework when I came last night. 25．Grandma ________ (cook) dinner when we arrived home yesterday. 26．The police ________ (search) the mysterious house from 7 to 8 yesterday. 27．He ________ (ride) his bike to school when it began to rain. 28．They ________ (have) a party when the earthquake happened. 29．He ________ (take) a nap when the doorbell rang. 30．While they ________ (play) football, it started to snow. 三、完成句子 31．We were interviewing some students about how they help trees at 8:00 yesterday morning. (对划线部分提问) What ________ you ________ at 8:00 yesterday morning? 32．was, with, two great birds, he, keeping company, in the wildness.（连词成句） ________________________. 33．While my brother was playing games, I was doing my chores. (改为同义句) My brother was playing games ________ I was doing my chores. 34．He was playing football when I saw him.  (对划线部分提问) ________ was he ________ when you saw him? 35．He was cleaning his room at that time. (改为否定句) He ________ ________ his room at that time. 36．I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night. (改为一般疑问句) ________ you ________ your homework at 8:00 last night? 37．一位女士在听音乐时哭了起来。 One woman started to cry ________ she ________ ________ to the music. 38．消防队员灭火时，我们惊恐地看着。 We were watching ________ ________ while the firemen were ________ ________ the fire. 39．昨天我到家时，我妈妈正在为我们下周的旅行做准备。 Yesterday when I got home, my mother was ________ ________ our trip next week. 40．Maria was chatting with her friends on the phone when someone knocked at the door. (同义句). ______________________________________________________________________________________. 四、语法选择 Long ago, there lived a teenager named Ryan. Ryan 41 confident in himself. He often compared 42 with others and doubted his own abilities. One day, Ryan watched a martial arts (武术) show. He fell in love with martial arts, and he decided 43 a try. He didn’t know this would change his life until many years later. Under the guidance (指导) of his martial arts teacher, Master Li, Ryan 44 many physical skills and important life lessons. He also learned the 45 of inner strength (内在力量) and being confident. As Ryan trained hard, he faced many challenges. He fell many 46 . However, Master Li told him that the true strength came from within and those challenges were just stepping stones towards growth. Ryan learned to regard challenges as opportunities to improve. One day, he joined 47 martial arts match and his opponents (对手) were 48 experienced than him. Feeling stressed, he remembered Master Li’s words. He focused on his inner strength and gave his all. 49 Ryan didn’t win the match, he had a deeper understanding of his own strength. Ryan shared his story 50 classmates and encouraged them to believe in themselves. His stories encouraged people to find strength. 41．A．wasn’t B．weren’t C．isn’t 42．A．he B．himself C．him 43．A．have B．having C．to have 44．A．learned B．learns C．learn 45．A．important B．importantly C．importance 46．A．time B．times C．time’s 47．A．a B．an C．the 48．A．most B．many C．more 49．A．But B．Although C．So 50．A．in B．on C．with Why Learn Languages in the Age of AI? On holiday, many will find themselves in foreign lands. Things are often different and new to them, 51 the language. In the past, they carried a dictionary with them. But nowadays more and more of them 52 free translation apps not only to understand a passage but also to talk. With the conversation section on these apps, you can speak into the phone and hear spoken translation moments later. Though that would always be helpful, some translation may 53 you. Sometimes the translation is true to the words, 54 the meaning is totally wrong. The best tool may not be a translation app at all. Then how about an AI system? Let’s try ChatGPT. It can produce a better passage. The AI system does more than just translate. As AI becomes more popular, people are divided into two groups. Some go on 55 language. They want to exercise their brains, learn a lot about other cultures and 56 chat with foreign friends, which takes a lot of work but in the end brings a sense of achievement. 57 believe that in this age of AI, people 58 need to learn a foreign language. However, they still show their respect to the language learners. “Good for you, but that troubles me 59 ” they might say. What’s your opinion 60 this topic? Is it still necessary for people to learn languages? 51．A．included B．include C．including 52．A．used B．uses C．are using 53．A．surprise B．surprising C．surprised 54．A．and B．but C．since 55．A．learn B．learned C．learning 56．A．direct B．directly C．indirectly 57．A．Other B．Another C．Others 58．A．not longer B．any longer C．no longer 59．A．a lot B．a lot of C．lots of 60．A．on B．in C．at 2 / 21 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 过去进行时（暑假复习讲义） 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 过去进行时 1. 基本结构：was/were +动词- ing，主谓一致（高频） 2. 句式变换：肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 3. 核心用法：过去具体时间点 / 时间段正在进行的动作 4. when/while 引导时间状语从句的时态搭配（重难点） 5. 与一般过去时的时态辨析（必考） 6. 动词- ing拼写规则、延续动词 / 瞬间动词区分（易错点） 1. 侧重语境理解，单纯考标志词的基础题减少，结合对话、短文综合考查 2. when/while 混合辨析为核心热点，几乎每套习题都会涉及 3. 高频考查过去进行时vs一般过去时时态对比 4. 在单句、语篇、语法选择中考查时态一致性 5. 结合固定短语、动词辨析、主谓一致综合设题 考情解码：过去进行时是七年级核心时态，也是衔接八、九年级语法的基础。本专题重在区分动作状态：过去进行时强调动作正在持续，一般过去时强调动作已完成。上海初中阶段侧重在真实语境、情景对话中考查时态运用，尤其强化 when 与 while 的用法差异，同时结合主谓一致、动词变形、短语辨析综合命题，暑期复习需吃透用法、理清时态区别、攻克易错点。 脉｜络｜重｜构 考｜点｜精｜讲 语法核心 过去进行时是初中英语核心时态，侧重描述过去某个特定时间点/时间段正在进行的动作，核心结构为“was/were+动词-ing”，常与一般过去时结合考查，区分动作的先后与持续状态 核心定义 表示过去某个具体的时间点，或过去某一时间段内正在进行、持续发生的动作，强调动作在过去的“进行中”状态，而非动作的完成结果 基本结构（含句式变化） 1. 肯定句：主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他 2. 否定句：主语+was/were+not+动词-ing+其他 3. 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词-ing+其他？ 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing+其他？ 补充说明：was用于第一、三人称单数（I/he/she/it），were用于第二人称单复数、第一三人称复数（you/we/they） 核心用法 1. 描述过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作（最核心用法） 2. 描述过去某一时间段内持续进行的动作 3. 用于when/while引导的时间状语从句中，区分动作的先后（while后接进行时，when后接一般过去时） 4. 描述过去两个同时进行的动作 时态标志词 at 8 o’clock last night, at this time yesterday, from 7 to 9 last night when/while引导的过去时间从句, the whole morning yesterday, at that moment 经典例句（含翻译） 1. I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.（昨晚8点我正在看电视。） 2. They were playing basketball from 4 to 6 yesterday afternoon.（昨天下午4点到6点他们一直在打篮球。） 3. When my mother came in, I was doing my homework.（我妈妈进来的时候，我正在写作业。） 4. While I was reading, my sister was listening to music.（我在看书的时候，我妹妹在听音乐。） 句式变化注意 1. 动词-ing需注意拼写规则（如write→writing，run→running，lie→lying） 2. was/were需随主语的人称和数变化，不可混用 3. 否定句中，not直接加在was/were后，可缩写为wasn’t/weren’t 4. 一般疑问句中，需将was/were提前至句首，主语后接动词-ing 易错点提醒 1. 不可与yesterday, last week等笼统的过去时间连用，需搭配具体的时间点/时间段 2. 瞬间动词（如arrive, die, buy, finish）不可用于过去进行时，此类动词无持续进行的状态 3. 区分when和while的用法：while后必须接延续性动作（进行时），when后可接瞬间动作（一般过去时） 4. 不可遗漏be动词（was/were），不能说“I watching TV last night” 与一般过去时的核心区别 1. 一般过去时：强调过去动作的完成、结果，或过去的习惯性动作（如：I watched TV last night. 昨晚我看了电视。） 2. 过去进行时：强调过去动作的持续、进行中状态，不关注动作是否完成（如：I was watching TV at 8 last night. 昨晚8点我正在看电视。） 知识点一 表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作 【典例破题】 I ________ TV when my mother came back. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．was watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我妈妈回来时，我正在看电视。 根据“when my mother came back”可知，从句是一般过去时，表示过去具体的时间点，主句表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing，主语为I，be动词用was。 【巩固提升1】 —Where were you at 8 yesterday evening? —I ________ a movie in a city cinema with my wife. After that, we went home. A．was watching B．will watch C．watched D．is watching 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——昨晚八点你在哪里？——我正和妻子在一家城市电影院看电影。在那之后，我们就回家了。 问句中“at 8 yesterday evening”表示过去某一具体时间点正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时，结构为“was/were + 现在分词”，主语为I，be动词用was，watch的现在分词为watching。 【巩固提升2】 —What ________ you ________ at this time yesterday? —I was watching TV. A．was; doing B．were; doing C．is; doing D．did; do 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——昨天这个时候你在做什么？——我在看电视。 时间状语at this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）是过去进行时的标志，结构为was/were + 现在分词。主语you对应的be动词是were，因此第一空填were，第二空填doing（do的现在分词）。 【巩固提升3】 —Why was the teacher so angry? —When he came into the classroom, the students ________ loudly. A．talked B．were talking C．are talking D．talk 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——老师为什么这么生气？——当他走进教室时，学生们正在大声说话。 根据“When he came into the classroom”可知，此处表示当老师走进教室的那一刻，学生们正在进行的动作，所以用过去进行时，应填were talking。 知识点二 表示过去某一阶段一直发生的动作 【典例破题】 During the storm, the wind was ________ strongly. A．blowing B．blow C．blows D．blew 【答案】A 【详解】句意：暴风雨期间，风猛烈地刮着。 考查时态。根据“During the storm”可知，动作在过去持续进行，应用过去进行时（was/were + doing）。主语the wind是单数，be动词用was。故选A。 【巩固提升1】 —I didn’t see you at the party last night. —Oh, I ________ my grandparents in the countryside. They were ill. A．am visiting B．visit C．will visit D．was visiting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨晚在派对上我没看到你。——哦，我正在乡下看望我的祖父母。他们病了。 考查时态。根据“last night”可知答句也用过去时态，此处强调过去某一时段正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。故选D。 【巩固提升2】 —Why didn’t you watch the final of the football match last night, John? —Well, I ________ the history project with my friends at that time. A．discuss B．discussed C．am discussing D．was discussing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——John，你昨晚为什么不看足球的决赛呢？——哦，当时我正在和我的朋友们讨论这个历史课题。 考查时态。discuss讨论，是动词原形；discussed是过去式和过去分词；am discussing是现在进行时；was discussing是过去进行时。根据前句句意和时间状语at that time可知，后句表述在过去某一时刻正在发生的事情，要用过去进行时。故选D。 【巩固提升3】 —We went to an exciting football match last night. —What a pity! I ________ my homework. A．do B．am doing C．was doing D．would do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们昨晚去看了一场激动人心的足球比赛。——真遗憾！我在做作业。 考查过去进行时。根据“We went to an exciting football match last night.”和“I ... my homework.”可知，“写作业”发生在“对方昨晚看比赛”的时间，故用过去进行时was/were doing，表示过去某个时段正在进行的动作。故填C。 知识点三 过去进行时含when、while 【典例破题】 1.The students ________ classes in the classroom building when the earthquake happened. A．are having B．were having C．have D．had 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当地震发生时，学生们正在教学楼里上课。 根据“when the earthquake happened”可知，此处表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”，主语是复数，用were，have的现在分词是having。 2．While I ________ on the street, I found a little boy crying near the park. A．walked B．was walking C．were walking D．am walking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我在街上散步时，我发现一个小男孩在公园附近哭。 考查过去进行时。根据主句“I found a little boy crying”使用了一般过去时，且从句动作“在街上走”是“发现”这一瞬间正在发生的背景动作，需用过去进行时。主语“I”为单数，助动词应用was。故选B。 【巩固提升1】 When I got home last night, my parents ________ an interesting TV show. A．is watching B．are watching C．was watching D．were watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当昨晚我到家时，我的父母正在看一个有趣的电视节目。 考查过去进行时和主谓一致。根据“When I got home last night”可知，动作发生在过去某一具体时刻，需用过去进行时表示当时正在进行的动作“was/were+动词现在分词”；主语my parents为复数，be动词用were。故选D。 【巩固提升2】 —What were you doing at 8 p.m. yesterday? —I ______ my homework while my mom was cooking. A．do B．did C．am doing D．was doing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨天晚上8点你正在做什么？——我正在做我的家庭作业，而我的妈妈正在做饭。 考查时态。根据问句“What were you doing at 8 p.m. yesterday?”可知，问句询问过去具体时间点正在进行的动作，且从句“while my mom was cooking”为过去进行时，主句也需用过去进行时表示同时发生的动作。故选D。 【巩固提升3】 My cousin ________ the traffic rules by crossing the road carelessly while he ________ to the bus stop yesterday. A．broke; was running B．followed; was running C．was breaking; ran D．was following; ran 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨天，我表兄跑向公交车站时不小心横穿马路，违反了交通规则。 考查动词辨析和时态。broke违反；followed遵守；was running正在跑；was breaking正在违反；ran跑；was following正在遵守；ran跑。根据“yesterday”和“by crossing the road carelessly”可知，昨天不小心过马路，表示“违反”交通规则，且为一般过去时，第一空用“broke”；第二空，“while”引导的时间状语从句，强调动作同时发生，主句用一般过去时“broke”，从句用过去进行时“was running”表示背景动作“正在跑去”。故选A。 一、单项选择 1．—What ________ you ________ at 3:00 p.m. yesterday afternoon? —I was reading a book about outdoor adventures. A．do; do B．did; do C．were; doing D．are; doing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨天下午3点你正在做什么？——我正在读一本关于户外冒险的书。 根据时间状语“at 3:00 p.m. yesterday afternoon”可知，问句询问的是过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”。主语为you，be动词用 were，实义动词用doing，故填were；doing。 2．— Look! Is that your sister in the car? — Yes. My mom is ________ at the art club. A．drop off her B．drop her off C．dropping off her D．dropping her off 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——看！车里的是你姐姐吗？——是的。我妈妈正在艺术俱乐部送她下车。 由“Look!”和语境可知，句子用现在进行时，结构为“be+现在分词”，动词短语“drop off”表示“让……下车”，当宾语是代词时，代词必须放在短语中间，应填droping her off。 3．He ________ a game of tennis on TV when I ________ home last night. A．was watching; was coming B．was watching; came C．watched; came D．watched; was coming 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨晚当我到家时，他正在电视上看网球比赛。 根据时间状语“last night”可知，句子描述过去发生的事情。when引导的时间状语从句中，持续性背景动作用过去进行时，短暂性突发动作用一般过去时。看比赛是持续进行的动作，用was watching；到家是瞬间发生的动作，用came。 4．While I _______ dinner last night, my friend _______ me a message. A．cooked; sent B．was cooking; sent C．cook; was sending D．am cooking; sends 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨晚当我正在做晚饭的时候，我的朋友给我发了一条信息。 根据“While”以及“last night”可知，第一空表示过去某个时刻正在做某事，用过去进行时was cooking；第二空表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时sent。 5．—Did you notice him come in? —No. I ________ a football game at that time. A．have watched B．had watched C．am watching D．was watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你注意到他进来了吗？——没有，我那时正在看足球比赛。 at that time“在那时”是过去进行时的标志，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，结构为was/were+doing，主语是I用was，应填was watching。 6．He ________ his leg when he ________ in the mountains last month. A．hurt; was hiking B．hurts; hikes C．hurt; hiked D．is hurt; hiking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：上个月他在山里徒步时，腿受伤了。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“last month”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，主句表示“腿受伤”这一过去动作，应用一般过去时；从句表示“正在徒步时”发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故选A。 7．I ________ to my favourite music in my bedroom ________ the lights went off. A．was listening; when B．listened; while C．was listening; while D．listened; when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我在卧室里听我最喜欢的音乐，这时灯突然灭了。 考查时态与连词辨析。第一空，was listening正在听，过去进行时；listened听，一般过去时。根据“the lights went off”是瞬间动作，描述该瞬间正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时was listening。第二空，when当……时，可表示一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行；while当……时，强调动作同时持续。从句“the lights went off”是短暂性动作，且主句为进行时，应用when连接。故选A。 8．By the time we arrived in Japan, our guide ________ for us at the airport for over an hour. A．waited B．has waited C．had been waiting D．was waiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我们到达日本时，我们的导游已经在机场等了我们一个多小时了。 考查时态。waited（一般过去时）；has waited（现在完成时）；had been waiting（过去完成进行时）；was waiting（过去进行时）。主句动作“等待”发生在“我们到达”之前，且“for over an hour”强调动作持续，需用过去完成进行时表示在过去某一时间之前一直持续的动作。故选C。 9．A ________ soldier who was ________ in the sickroom said: “If I am ________ please give this letter to my wife. ” A．dead; lying; dying B．dead; lying; died C．dying; lying; died D．dying; lying; dead 【答案】D 【详解】句意：一个躺在病房里的垂死士兵说：“如果我死了，请把这封信交给我的妻子。” 考查形容词与动词形式辨析。dying垂死的，作定语；lying躺，lie的现在分词，与was构成过去进行时；dead死的，形容词，作表语；died死，die的过去式，不能直接跟在am后。根据句意，第一空用dying修饰soldier，第二空用lying表示“正躺着”，第三空用dead作表语。故选D。 10．Every time the moon was round, Hou Yi was always ________ fruits in the garden to miss(思念) his wife. A．acting B．lying down C．laying out D．calling out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每当月亮圆的时候，后羿总是在花园里摆放水果来思念他的妻子。 考查动词短语辨析。acting行动；lying down躺下；laying out摆放；calling out喊叫。根据“fruits in the garden to miss his wife”的语境可知，后羿在花园里通过摆放水果表达对妻子的思念，符合文化背景（中国神话中后羿祭祀嫦娥的习俗）。故选C。 11．— Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried. — Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ________ of my coming exams. A．am thinking B．was thinking C．thought D．have thought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——鲍勃，有什么问题吗？你看起来很担心。——哦，没什么。事实上，我刚刚在考虑即将到来的考试。 考查时态。am thinking现在进行时；was thinking过去进行时；thought过去式或过去分词；have thought现在完成时。根据“Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried.”以及选项可知，此处应用过去进行时，表示对话发生之前刚刚还在进行的动作。故选B。 12．The music teacher as well as her students ________ the piano this time yesterday. A．play B．played C．were playing D．was playing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，音乐老师以及她的学生们正在弹钢琴。 根据时间状语this time yesterday可知，句子时态为过去进行时，结构为was/were doing；又因为主语中含有as well as，谓语动词遵循“就远原则”，谓语动词与前面的The music teacher保持一致。故选D。 13．—What were your parents doing ________ you left home this morning? —My mother was sweeping the floor ________ my father was doing the dishes. A．while; when B．when; while C．when; since D．while; while 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今天早上你离开家的时候，你的父母正在做什么？——我妈妈正在扫地，而我爸爸正在洗碗。 when和while都有“当……时候”的意思，when引导的从句谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，while引导的从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且强调主从句两个动作同时发生；since表示“自从……以来”。根据语境可知，第一个空，表示“当……时候”，且从句中的left为非延续性动词，因此用when引导；第二个空，表示两个动作同时发生，且从句中的“was doing the dishes.”为延续性动词，因此用while引导。所以应填when；while。 14．—What were you doing at 8:00 last night? —I ________ my homework. A．do B．did C．was doing D．am doing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨晚八点你在做什么？——我在做作业。 考查过去进行时。根据问句“What were you doing at 8:00 last night?”可知，询问的是过去某个具体时间点（昨晚8点）正在进行的动作，答句需用过去进行时（was/were+现在分词）。故选C。 15．—Alex, why didn’t you answer my call at nine last night? —Sorry. I ________ my mobile phone at home. I ________ basketball in the park with my friends. A．forgot; played B．forgot; was playing C．left; played D．left; was playing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Alex，昨晚九点你为什么没接我的电话？——对不起。我把手机落在家里了。我正在公园和我的朋友们打篮球。 考查动词辨析和时态。forget忘记 (侧重忘记某事)；leave落下 (侧重把某物落在某地)。第一个空表示手机落在家里，用“left”。根据“at nine last night”可知，此处指过去某一具体时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时“was playing”。故选D。 16．—I met Jack when I passed by the garden. —Yes, he _______ some flowers with the help of his mother. A．planted B．is planting C．was planting D．will plant 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我路过花园的时候遇见了杰克。——是的，他当时正在妈妈的帮助下种花。 考查动词的时态。planted种植，一般过去时；is planting正在种植，现在进行时；was planting正在种植，过去进行时；will plant将要种植，一般将来时。根据“I met Jack when I passed by the garden”可推知，“遇见杰克”是过去的动作，同时“种花”这个动作正在进行，所以用过去进行时“was planting”。故选C。 17．—Why didn’t you join us in the park yesterday? —I ________ my little sister ________ her online homework. A．help; do B．helped; do C．was helping; do D．am helping; do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你昨天为什么不和我们一起在公园呢？——我当时正在帮我妹妹做她的线上作业。 考查动词时态。根据“Why didn’t you join us in the park yesterday?”可知，问句询问的是昨天没去公园的原因，回答应该说明昨天那个时间点正在做的事情，所以用过去进行时was helping；help sb. do sth.为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，所以第二空用动词原形do。故选C。 18．Jimmy dropped his keys as he ________ to catch the train. A．runs B．ran C．has run D．was running 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吉米在赶火车时掉了钥匙。 考查动词时态。根据“Jimmy dropped his keys as he...to catch the train”可知此处表示当时他正在赶火车，强调过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时was/were doing。故选D。 19．Poor thing! Jack ________ a fall when he ________ on the ice. He got hurt badly. A．was having; was skating B．had; was skating C．was having; skated D．has had; was skating 【答案】B 【详解】句意：可怜的家伙！Jack在滑冰时摔倒了。他伤得很重。 考查过去进行时。短语have a fall表示“摔倒”，是一个瞬间动作；skate on the ice“在冰上滑冰”，这是一个持续动作。两个动作都发生在过去，表示在“滑冰的时候，他摔倒了”，故when引导的时间状语从句，从句的持续动作用过去进行时，主句短暂动作用一般过去时。故选B。 20．—Why didn’t you go to the party last night? —I ________ with my brother over a toy, so I missed it. A．argue B．argued C．was arguing D．have argued 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨晚你为什么没去派对？——我和弟弟因为一个玩具在争吵，所以错过了。 考查过去进行时。根据“Why didn’t you go to the party last night”可知，昨晚聚会时我正在和弟弟争吵，描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作用过去进行时，结构为“was/were doing”，故选C。 二、单词拼写 21．When you called me yesterday, I _________ (help) my mom in the kitchen. 【答案】was helping 【详解】句意：你昨天打电话给我时，我正在厨房帮我妈妈。根据“When you called me yesterday...”可知，句子描述的是过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，所以主句用过去进行时，谓语动词构成是was/were+现在分词，主语是I，be动词用was，help的现在分词形式为helping。故填was helping。 22．My uncle was ________ (kill) a hen when I went to visit him. 【答案】killing 【详解】句意：当我去看望我叔叔时，他正在杀一只母鸡。根据“My uncle was…a hen when I went to visit him.”可知，此处表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作，需用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+doing”，kill“杀”，动词，其现在分词形式为killing。故填killing。 23．I ________ (chat) with my friends on the Internet when my mum came in. 【答案】was chatting 【详解】句意：当我妈妈进来的时候，我正在网上和我的朋友们聊天。根据“I ... with my friends on the Internet when my mum came in.”可知，这是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，强调主句动作（chat）在从句动作（came in）发生时正在进行，从句时态为一般过去时，主句需用过去进行时，主句主语是I，be动词要用was，chat的现在分词为chatting。故填was chatting。 24．My sister ________ (do) her homework when I came last night. 【答案】was doing 【详解】句意：昨晚我来的时候，我妹妹正在做她的家庭作业。根据“My sister…her homework when I came last night.”可知，此处描述过去某个时刻正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were doing”；主语是My sister，助动词用was。故填was doing。 25．Grandma ________ (cook) dinner when we arrived home yesterday. 【答案】was cooking 【详解】句意：昨天我们到家时，奶奶正在做饭。根据“when we arrived home yesterday”可知，空处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构是：was/were+动词现在分词，主语Grandma表示单数，所以应用be动词was，cook的现在分词是cooking。故填was cooking。 26．The police ________ (search) the mysterious house from 7 to 8 yesterday. 【答案】were searching 【详解】句意：警察昨天7点到8点在搜查那座神秘的房子。search寻找，动词；根据句中的时间状语“from 7 to 8 yesterday”可知，该句描述的是过去某个时间段内正在进行的动作，所以要用过去进行时，过去进行时的结构是“was/were+现在分词”，“police”是集合名词，在这里作复数看待，所以be动词要用“were”，“search”的现在分词是“searching”。故填were searching。 27．He ________ (ride) his bike to school when it began to rain. 【答案】was riding 【详解】句意：当开始下雨时，他正在骑自行车去学校。when it began to rain是过去的时间点，强调“开始下雨”这个时刻，“他骑自行车去学校”的动作正在进行，需用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”，主语He是第三人称单数，be用was。故填was riding。 28．They ________ (have) a party when the earthquake happened. 【答案】were having 【详解】句意：当地震发生时，他们正在举办派对。根据“when the earthquake happened”可知主句用过去进行时，其结构为：was/were+动词的现在分词；主语“They”是复数，所以be用were，have的现在分词为having，故填were；having。 29．He ________ (take) a nap when the doorbell rang. 【答案】was taking 【详解】句意：门铃响的时候，他正在打盹。“when”引导的时间状语从句中，从句用一般过去时，主句表示从句动作发生时，要用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”；主语“He”是第三人称单数，be动词应用was，故填was taking。 30．While they ________ (play) football, it started to snow. 【答案】were playing 【详解】句意：当他们正在踢足球时，开始下雪了。“while”引导时间状语从句时，常强调主从句动作同时发生，从句常用进行时态；根据“started”可知主句是一般过去时，所以从句用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”，主语“they”是复数，be动词用“were”，“play”的现在分词是“playing”，故填were playing。 三、完成句子 31．We were interviewing some students about how they help trees at 8:00 yesterday morning. (对划线部分提问) What ________ you ________ at 8:00 yesterday morning? 【答案】 were doing 【详解】句意：昨天早上8点，我们正在采访一些学生关于他们如何帮助树木。 划线部分是具体做的事情，应用what进行提问；原句时态是过去进行时，其结构为“was/were doing”，变为疑问句时，将were提至主语前，第一人称we变为第二人称you，动词用现在分词doing。故填were；doing。 32．was, with, two great birds, he, keeping company, in the wildness.（连词成句） ________________________. 【答案】He was keeping company with two great birds in the wildness 【详解】分析标点和所给单词可知，句子为陈述句。主语是he“他”，谓语部分使用“was keeping company”，构成过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作，意思是“正在作伴”。“with two great birds”是介词短语，修饰“keeping company”，说明“和谁一起作伴”，即“和两只大鸟一起”。“in the wildness”是地点状语，表示动作发生的地点，即“在荒野中”。故填He was keeping company with two great birds in the wildness “他和两只大鸟在野外作伴”。 33．While my brother was playing games, I was doing my chores. (改为同义句) My brother was playing games ________ I was doing my chores. 【答案】while 【详解】句意：当我弟弟在玩游戏时，我在做家务。改为同义句，应用while“当……时”引导时间状语从句，表示主从句动作同时进行。故填while。 34．He was playing football when I saw him.  (对划线部分提问) ________ was he ________ when you saw him? 【答案】 What doing 【详解】句意：我看见他时，他正在踢足球。划线部分是“playing football”，表示具体动作，对动作提问用特殊疑问词“what”，原句是过去进行时，提问时需将“was”提到主语He前，动词用“doing”代替划线的动作，句首首字母大写，即What was he doing when you saw him? 故填What；doing。 35．He was cleaning his room at that time. (改为否定句) He ________ ________ his room at that time. 【答案】 wasn’t cleaning 【详解】句意：他在那个时候正在打扫他的房间。原句是过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”，变否定句时，在be动词was后加not，可缩写为wasn’t，现在分词cleaning保持不变。故填wasn’t；cleaning。 36．I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night. (改为一般疑问句) ________ you ________ your homework at 8:00 last night? 【答案】 Were doing 【详解】句意：我昨晚8点正在做家庭作业。原句时态为过去进行时，其结构为“be doing”；改为一般疑问句，应将主语I改为you，be动词应用were，置于主语you前，其他部分保持不变，且句首首字母要大写。故填Were；doing。 37．一位女士在听音乐时哭了起来。 One woman started to cry ________ she ________ ________ to the music. 【答案】 while was listening 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“当……时”和“正在听”。“当……时”可用while引导，强调两个动作同时发生；“正在听”用过去进行时was listening。故填while；was；listening。 38．消防队员灭火时，我们惊恐地看着。 We were watching ________ ________ while the firemen were ________ ________ the fire. 【答案】 in fear putting out 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，整个句子缺少“惊恐地”和“灭”。前两个空处表示“惊恐地”，可用短语“in fear”表达；后两个空处表示“灭”，应填动词短语put out；根据“were watching”可知，应使用过去进行时表示正在灭火，put的现在分词是putting。故填in；fear；putting；out。 39．昨天我到家时，我妈妈正在为我们下周的旅行做准备。 Yesterday when I got home, my mother was ________ ________ our trip next week. 【答案】 preparing for 【详解】对比中英文可知，空格处缺少“正在为……做准备”；“为……做准备”对应的英文短语是prepare for，结合“when I got home”和空格前“was”可知，主句时态应用过去进行时，其结构为“was + 现在分词”，prepare的现在分词形式是preparing。故填preparing；for。 40．Maria was chatting with her friends on the phone when someone knocked at the door. (同义句). ______________________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】While Maria was chatting with her friends on the phone,someone knocked at the door. 【详解】句意：玛丽亚正在和朋友们通电话聊天时，有人敲门了。原句使用了“was chatting…when…”结构，强调在过去的某个时间点，一个动作正在进行（聊天），另一个动作突然发生（敲门）；同义句可以用while引导时间状语从句，“while”强调“在……期间”，通常与延续性动词的进行时连用，此处主句“was chatting”为延续性进行时，符合“while”的用法。故填While Maria was chatting with her friends on the phone, someone knocked at the door. 四、语法选择 Long ago, there lived a teenager named Ryan. Ryan 41 confident in himself. He often compared 42 with others and doubted his own abilities. One day, Ryan watched a martial arts (武术) show. He fell in love with martial arts, and he decided 43 a try. He didn’t know this would change his life until many years later. Under the guidance (指导) of his martial arts teacher, Master Li, Ryan 44 many physical skills and important life lessons. He also learned the 45 of inner strength (内在力量) and being confident. As Ryan trained hard, he faced many challenges. He fell many 46 . However, Master Li told him that the true strength came from within and those challenges were just stepping stones towards growth. Ryan learned to regard challenges as opportunities to improve. One day, he joined 47 martial arts match and his opponents (对手) were 48 experienced than him. Feeling stressed, he remembered Master Li’s words. He focused on his inner strength and gave his all. 49 Ryan didn’t win the match, he had a deeper understanding of his own strength. Ryan shared his story 50 classmates and encouraged them to believe in themselves. His stories encouraged people to find strength. 41．A．wasn’t B．weren’t C．isn’t 42．A．he B．himself C．him 43．A．have B．having C．to have 44．A．learned B．learns C．learn 45．A．important B．importantly C．importance 46．A．time B．times C．time’s 47．A．a B．an C．the 48．A．most B．many C．more 49．A．But B．Although C．So 50．A．in B．on C．with 【答案】 41．A 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．C 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．C 【导语】本文讲述了一个名叫Ryan的青少年通过练习武术，从缺乏自信到理解内在力量并鼓励他人的成长故事。 【详解】41．句意：Ryan对自己不自信。 根据上下文时态（Long ago表示过去），以及后句“怀疑自己的能力”，说明他不自信。主语Ryan是第三人称单数，过去时用wasn’t，表示“过去不自信”。weren’t不是（一般过去时），用于复数主语；isn’t不是，是一般现在时，与过去语境不符。 42．句意：他经常把自己和别人比较。 固定搭配compare oneself with sb.，主语和宾语为同一人时用反身代词。应选用反身代词himself，指代主语Ryan本人。he“他”（主格，不能作宾语）；him“他”（宾格，不表示“自己”，不符合固定搭配）。 43．句意：他爱上了武术，决定试一试。 固定搭配decide to do sth.，后接动词不定式。应选用to have，构成decide to have a try。have“有”（原形，不能直接跟在decide后）；having“有”（动名词，不符合decide的用法）。 44．句意：在他的武术老师李师父的指导下，Ryan学了许多体能技巧。 全文为过去时态，此处动作发生在过去，需用过去式。应选用learned，是learn的过去式，符合过去语境。learns“学习”（一般现在时，第三人称单数）；learn“学习”（原形，时态不符）。 45．句意：他也明白了内在力量和自信的重要性。 定冠词the后需接名词，构成the + 名词 + of结构。选用名词importance，表示“重要性”。important“重要的”（形容词，不能跟在the后）；importantly“”重要地“（副词，用法不符）。 46．句意：他跌倒了许多次。 many后需接可数名词复数。应选用复数形式times，表示“次数”。time“次数”（单数，many后需接复数）；time’s“时间的”（所有格，不符合语境）。 47．句意：一天，他参加了一场武术比赛，他的对手比他更有经验。 martial arts match是单数可数名词，且以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词。应选用a，表示“一场”。an“一场”用于元音音素开头的单词前；the“这个”表示特指，此处是第一次提到比赛，非特指。 48．句意：一天，他参加了一场武术比赛，他的对手比他更有经验。 than是比较级的标志，形容词experienced需用比较级形式。应选用more，构成more experienced。most“最”（最高级，前需加the，且无比较对象）；many“许多”（原级，不能修饰比较级）。 49．句意：虽然Ryan没赢，但他对自己的力量有了更深的理解。 前后句为转折让步关系（“没赢比赛”和“有更深理解”）。应选用Although，引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”。But“但是”表示转折，不能与逗号单独引导从句；So“因此”表示因果，逻辑不符。 50．句意：Ryan和同学分享了他的故事，鼓励他们相信自己。 固定搭配share sth. with sb.。应选用with，构成固定搭配。in“在……里”，无此搭配；on“在……上”，无此搭配。 Why Learn Languages in the Age of AI? On holiday, many will find themselves in foreign lands. Things are often different and new to them, 51 the language. In the past, they carried a dictionary with them. But nowadays more and more of them 52 free translation apps not only to understand a passage but also to talk. With the conversation section on these apps, you can speak into the phone and hear spoken translation moments later. Though that would always be helpful, some translation may 53 you. Sometimes the translation is true to the words, 54 the meaning is totally wrong. The best tool may not be a translation app at all. Then how about an AI system? Let’s try ChatGPT. It can produce a better passage. The AI system does more than just translate. As AI becomes more popular, people are divided into two groups. Some go on 55 language. They want to exercise their brains, learn a lot about other cultures and 56 chat with foreign friends, which takes a lot of work but in the end brings a sense of achievement. 57 believe that in this age of AI, people 58 need to learn a foreign language. However, they still show their respect to the language learners. “Good for you, but that troubles me 59 ” they might say. What’s your opinion 60 this topic? Is it still necessary for people to learn languages? 51．A．included B．include C．including 52．A．used B．uses C．are using 53．A．surprise B．surprising C．surprised 54．A．and B．but C．since 55．A．learn B．learned C．learning 56．A．direct B．directly C．indirectly 57．A．Other B．Another C．Others 58．A．not longer B．any longer C．no longer 59．A．a lot B．a lot of C．lots of 60．A．on B．in C．at 【答案】 51．C 52．C 53．A 54．B 55．C 56．B 57．C 58．C 59．A 60．A 【导语】本文主要探讨了在AI时代，翻译软件和AI系统虽给跨语言交流带来便利，但也存在翻译误差，人们对是否仍需学习外语分成了两派，引发了关于学习语言必要性的讨论。 51．句意：在假期里，很多人会发现自己身处异国他乡，事物对他们来说往往不同且新鲜，包括语言。 此处需要一个介词来引出补充说明的内容，“including”作为介词意为“包括”，符合语境；“included”是过去分词，“include”是动词原形，均不适合此处结构。 52．句意：但如今越来越多的人正在使用免费翻译应用，不仅为了理解一段文字，还为了交流。 “nowadays”表示当前阶段，强调“现阶段正在进行”的动作，需用现在进行时“are using”；“used”是一般过去时，“uses”是第三人称单数一般现在时，均不符合时态要求。 53．句意：尽管这通常会有所帮助，但一些翻译可能会让你感到惊讶。 “surprise”在此处作及物动词，意为“使……惊讶”，情态动词“may”后接动词原形，因此用“surprise”；“surprising”是形容词（令人惊讶的），“surprised”是形容词（感到惊讶的），均不符合语法。 54．句意：有时翻译在字面意思上是准确的，但整体含义完全错误。 前后分句存在转折关系——字面准确但含义错误，因此用转折连词“but”；“and”表并列，“since”表原因或时间，均不符合逻辑。 55．句意：一些人继续学习语言以锻炼大脑、了解其他文化。 固定搭配“go on doing sth.”表示“继续做某事（同一件事）”，因此用动名词“learning”；“learn”是动词原形，“learned”是过去式/过去分词，均不符合搭配。 56．句意：他们想锻炼自己的大脑，了解很多关于其他文化的知识，并且直接与外国朋友聊天。 此处需要副词修饰动词“chat”，“directly”是副词，意为“直接地”；“direct”是形容词/动词，“indirectly”是副词但意为“间接地”，均不符合语境。 57．句意：其他人认为在这个AI时代，人们不再需要学习外语。 固定结构“some…others…”表示“一些人……另一些人……”，因此用“Others”；“Other”后需接名词，“Another”表示“另一个（三者及以上）”，均不符合结构。 58．句意：在这个AI时代，人们不再需要学习外语了。 固定搭配“no longer”表示“不再”，符合语境；“not longer”结构错误，“any longer”需与否定词连用，均不符合用法。 59．句意：“为你高兴，但这让我很烦恼”，他们可能会说。 “a lot”可作副词短语修饰动词“troubles”，表示程度“很、非常”；“a lot of”和“lots of”后需接名词，不能直接修饰动词。 60． 句意：你对这个话题的看法是什么？ 固定搭配“opinion on sth.”表示“对某事的看法”，因此用介词“on”；“in”和“at”均不与“opinion”构成此搭配。 2 / 21 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $