内容正文:
专题02 被动语态(一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时)
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
一般现在时的被动
1.基本结构:am/is/are+过去分词的构成与拼写
2.主谓一致:根据主语单复数选用 am/is/are
3.句式转换:肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句变换
4.常用场景:客观事实、常态、规章制度、经常性动作
1. 侧重语境分析,单纯依靠时间标志词解题的题型逐步减少;
2. 常将不同时态、主被动语态混搭设题,重点考查语态辨析能力;
3. 语法填空主要考查各时态被动结构及不规则动词变形;
4. 完成句子侧重考查语态实际运用,书面表达要求结合语境灵活造句。
一般过去时的被动
1.基本结构:was/were+过去分词的构成与不规则分词拼写
2.主谓一致:单数/不可数主语用 was,复数主语用 were
3.时间标志词搭配:yesterday, last..., just now 等语境运用
4.语境辨析:区分一般过去时主动与被动语态
一般将来时的被动
1.基本结构:will be + 过去分词
2. 句式变化:否定、疑问形式变换
3. 时间标志:tomorrow, soon, in + 时间段 等场景运用
考情解码:三大时态的被动语态为高频考点,命题侧重语境运用与时态、语态辨析。语法题型重点考查被动结构和不规则动词变化,同时该知识点也是写作提分的重要内容,日常学习需注重实操运用。
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知识点一 一般现在时的被动
【课标要求】①掌握一般现在时被动语态的基本结构、句式变化及发音规则。②能区分主动语态与被动语态的用法场景,理解被动语态的表达含义。③能在简单语境(短句、对话、短文)中正确使用一般现在时被动语态描述客观事实、常态动作。
定义
被动语态表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者,中文常表示 “……被……”。
而主动语态表示句子中的主语是动作的发出者。
被动语态:The room is cleaned by me. (房间被我打扫。)
主动语态:I clean the room.
(我打扫房间。)
基本构成
be + 动词的过去分词 (done)
过去分词变化规律
1. 一般情况下,直接加ed,如work - worked;
2. 以不发音的e结尾,加d,如love - loved;
3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾,变y为i加ed,如study - studied;
4. 重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母加ed,如stop - stopped;
5. 不规则变化,如do - done,see - seen,eat - eaten,go - gone,write - written
(详见课本P142- P143)
一般现在时的被动语态
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + done ( + by sb.)
Many trees are planted every year.
每年很多树被种植。
否定句:主语 + am/is/are not + done ( + by sb.)
Many trees aren’t planted every year.
每年没有很多树被种植。
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)?
Are many trees planted every year?
每年很多树被种植吗?
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)?
What are planted every year?
每年什么东西被种植?
主动语态变被动语态
1. 主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
2. 主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语
3. 主动语态的主语变为被动语态中by的宾语
I clean the room.
变为The room is cleaned by me.
被动语态的用法
1. 不知道或没必要说明动作的发出者是谁
A tree is often planted in the garden.
在花园里,一棵树经常被种植。
(不知道树被谁种)
2. 强调动作的承受者
This song is usually sung by me.
这首歌总是被我唱。(强调“我”唱的歌)
【典例破题1】
Paper cuttings ________ in different kinds of festivals and celebrations around China every year.
A. are used B. were used C. will be used D. use
【答案】A
【详解】句意:剪纸每年在中国各地的不同节日和庆祝活动中被使用。
考查被动语态。are used被使用,一般现在时被动语态;were used被使用,一般过去时被动语态;will be used将被使用,一般将来时被动语态;use使用,一般现在时的主动语态。根据句意,主语“Paper cuttings (剪纸)”与动词“使用”之间是被动关系,且时间状语“every year”表示经常性、习惯性的动作,需用一般现在时被动语态。故选A。
【命题解读】
①考点定位:考查一般现在时被动语态,结构为 am/is/are + 过去分词,时间状语 every year 提示习惯性动作。
②干扰项设计:选项覆盖三种时态(过去、现在、将来)及主动/被动对比,其中 will be used 为强干扰项(学生易忽略 every year 误判为将来)。
③解题关键:一看时间状语 every year 定一般现在时,二判主谓关系(剪纸与使用为被动)定语态,三套结构(主语复数 → are used)。
【典例破题2】
If the little boy _________ (give) another chance tomorrow, he will do it better.
【答案】is given
【详解】句意:如果明天再给这个男孩一次机会,他会做得更好。句子是if引导的条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时;从句主语“the boy”和谓语动词“give”之间是被动关系,此处用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为“is/am/are+done”,主语“the boy”是第三人称单数,所以be动词用is,“give”的过去分词“given”。故填is given。
【命题解读】
① 考点定位
考查条件状语从句中的一般现在时被动语态(主将从现),结构为 am/is/are + 过去分词。
② 干扰项设计
常见错误包括:时态错误:will be given(误用主句将来时于从句);语态错误:gives(主动语态);
主谓不一致:are given(主语为单数)
③ 解题关键
一看“if”引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”→ 从句用一般现在时;
二判主谓关系(男孩与给为被动)→ 定语态;
三套结构(主语单数 → is given)。
【易错警示】
① 主将从现错误
在if/when/as soon as等引导的条件或时间状语从句中,即使表示将来动作,从句也须用一般现在时代替一般将来时,不要误用 will be given。
② 主谓一致错误
主语 the little boy 为第三人称单数,be动词用 is,不要误用 are。被动语态中be动词的单复数必须与主语保持一致。
【典例破题3】
The flower ________ sweet. Everyone in the room loves it.
A.smells B.is smelled C.smell D.was smelled
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这朵花闻起来很香。房间里的每个人都喜欢它。感官动词smell为系动词,后接形容词作表语,用主动形式表示被动意义,不用于被动语态。主语The flower为第三人称单数,故填smells。
【命题解读】
①考点定位
考查感官动词主动表被动。感官动词(smell/taste/sound/feel/look)为系动词,用主动形式表示被动意义,后接形容词作表语,不用于被动语态。
②干扰项设计
强干扰项为 B. is smelled,学生易受中文“花被闻”的影响误选被动语态;另有主谓一致干扰项 C. smell(主语为单数却用复数形式)及时态干扰项 D. was smelled(过去时被动)。
③解题关键
一看主语“The flower”与smell为主谓关系(花本身发出气味,而非被闻),二识感官动词特征,三记口诀:感官系动主动表被,后跟形容词作表语。
【易错警示】
学生易误认为“花被闻”而使用被动语态is smelled。注意:感官动词(smell/taste/sound/feel/look)用主动形式表示被动意义,后接形容词。
【巩固提升1】
Though Confucius has been dead for many years, we ________ still ________ by his ideas today.
A. are; influence B. were; influenced C. are; influenced D. were; influence
【巩固提升2】
The West Lake ________ by thousands of tourists every day.
A. visits B. is visited C. visited D. was visited
【巩固提升3】
These emails _______ (send) to customers (顾客) every week.
知识点二 一般过去时的被动语态
【课标要求】①熟记一般过去时被动语态的基本结构、句式变换形式。②辨析一般现在时与一般过去时被动语态的时态差异,精准判断语境时态。③结合过去的时间语境,用该语态描述过去发生的被动动作、过往状态。
定义
被动语态表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者,中文常表示 “……被……”。
而主动语态表示句子中的主语是动作的发出者。
被动语态:The room is cleaned by me. (房间被我打扫。)
主动语态:I clean the room.
(我打扫房间。)
基本构成
be + 动词的过去分词 (done)
过去分词变化规律
1. 一般情况下,直接加ed,如work - worked;
2. 以不发音的e结尾,加d,如love - loved;
3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾,变y为i加ed,如study - studied;
4. 重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母加ed,如stop - stopped;
5. 不规则变化,如do - done,see - seen,eat - eaten,go - gone,write - written
(详见课本P142- P143)
一般过去时的被动语态
肯定句:主语 + was/were + done ( + by sb.)
Many trees were planted last year.
去年很多树被种植。
否定句:主语 + was/were not + done ( + by sb.)
Many trees weren’t planted last year.
去年没有很多树被种植。
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)?
Were many trees planted last year?
去年很多树被种植吗?
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)?
What were planted last year?
去年什么东西被种植?
【典例破题1】
The nice tea from Jiangxi’s Wuyuan ________ at the national tea fair last month.
A.praises B.praised C.is praised D.was praised
【答案】D
【详解】句意:江西婺源的优质茶叶在上个月的全国茶叶博览会上受到了称赞。
根据时间状语“last month”可知句子时态为一般过去时,且主语“tea”与动词“praise”之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态结构“was/were+done”。主语The nice tea为单数,be动词用单数第三人称形式,故填was praised。
【命题解读】
①思路点拨
时间状语:last month → 一般过去时
主谓关系:tea与praise → 被动关系(茶被称赞)
主语单复数:tea(单数)→ be用was
②规范解答
题干要求使用一般过去时被动语态,结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语The nice tea为单数,故填was praised。本题选D。
③方法提炼
被动语态解题三步法:一找时间状语定时态,二判主谓关系定语态,三看主语单复数定be动词。
步骤 操作 本题应用
① 定时态 找时间状语 many years ago → 一般过去时
② 定语态 判主谓关系 paper-cutting 被发明 → 被动语态
③ 套结构 was/were + 过去分词 It (单数) + invented → was invented
【典例破题2】
The delicious food ________ (share) among my family yesterday.
【答案】was shared
【详解】句意:昨天美味的食物在我家人之间被分享了。句中“yesterday”为过去时间状语,主语“The delicious food”与“share”之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were+过去分词”,主语为第三人称单数,故填was shared。
【命题解读】
①考点定位
考查一般过去时被动语态,结构为 was/were + 过去分词,时间状语 yesterday 提示动作发生在过去。
②干扰项设计
常见错误包括:时态错误(is shared)、语态错误(shared)、主谓不一致(were shared)。
③解题关键
一看时间状语 yesterday 定一般过去时,二判主谓关系(食物与分享为被动)定语态,三套结构(主语单数 → was shared)。
【易错警示】
① 时态错误
看见“yesterday / last night / just now / ...ago”等明确过去时间状语,务必用一般过去时被动语态(was/were done),不要误用一般现在时或一般将来时。
②主谓一致错误
主语 the delicious food 为不可数名词/单数,be动词用 was,不要误用 were。被动语态中,be动词的单复数必须与主语保持一致,不受“among my family”等后置介词短语的干扰。
【巩固提升1】
The old bridge ________ by the government last month because it was dangerous.
A.closes B.closed C.was closed D.is closed
【巩固提升2】
The sports meeting ________ because of the bad weather yesterday.
A.put off B.was put off C.puts off D.is put off
【巩固提升3】
Li Ming is excellent and helpful in our class, so he ________ as a Triple-A Student (三好学生)last week.
A.have been chosen B.was chosen C.will be chosen D.is chosen
知识点三 一般将来时的被动
【课标要求】①掌握一般将来时被动语态的两种核心结构、各类句式变化。②能结合时间标志判断时态,区分不同时态被动语态的用法差异。③能在语境中使用该语态描述将来将要发生的被动动作、计划与安排。
一般将来时的被动语态
肯定句:
① 主语 + will + be done ( + by sb.)
② 主语 + am/is/are going to + be done ( + by sb.)
Many trees will be planted next year.
Many trees are going to be planted next year.
明年很多树被种植。
否定句:
① 主语 + will not + be done ( + by sb.)
② 主语 + am/is/are not going to + be done ( + by sb.)
Many trees won’t be planted next year.
Many trees aren’t going to be planted next year.
明年没有很多树被种植。
一般疑问句:
① Will + 主语 + be done ( + by sb.)?
② Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + be done ( + by sb.)?
Will many trees be planted next year?
Are many trees going to be planted next year?
明年很多树被种植吗?
特殊疑问句:
① 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be done ( + by sb.)?
② 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + be done ( + by sb.)?
Where will the trees be planted next year?
Where are the trees going to be planted next year?
明年树木将会被种植在哪里?
【典例破题】
1.A few people believe that most of the teaching work ________ by AI in the near future.
A. is done B. was done C. will be done D. is being done
【答案】 C
【详解】句意:一些人认为在不久的将来,大部分教学工作将由人工智能完成。
考查时态和语态。is done一般现在时被动;was done一般过去时被动;will be done一般将来时被动;is being done现在进行时被动。根据“in the near future”可知,句子应用一般将来时;且“teaching work”与“do”之间是被动关系,用被动语态。应填will be done,故选C。
2.The classic cartoon (show) on TV next week—many old fans are looking forward to it.
【答案】will be shown
【详解】句意:这部经典卡通片将于下周在电视上播出,许多老粉丝都很期待。根据“next week”可知,句子用一般将来时,主语the classic cartoon与动词show之间是被动关系,所以此空应用一般将来时被动语态,故填will be shown。
【命题解读】
步骤 操作 第1题应用 第2题应用
① 定时态 找时间状语 in the near future → 一般将来时 next week → 一般将来时
② 定语态 判主谓关系 work 被 AI 做 → 被动 cartoon 被播出 → 被动
③ 套结构 will be + 过去分词 will be done will be shown
【易错警示】①看见“in the near future / next week”等将来时间状语,务必用一般将来时被动语态(will be done),不要误用一般现在时或一般过去时。②注意动词过去分词的不规则变化。
【巩固提升1】
More trees and flowers ________ in our city next spring.
A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.will be planted
【巩固提升2】
It is reported that 6G technology ________ widely in a short time.
A.used B.will use C.is used D.will be used
【巩固提升3】
If we keep reading, the way we see the world ________ by the books we read.
A.shapes B.is shaped C.will shape D.will be shaped
【拓展】知识点四 不用被动的情况
一、主动形式表被动(主动表被动)
①感官动词:look/sound/smell/taste/feel + 形容词(表事物属性)。
The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。
②性能类动词:sell/write/wash/read/wear 等 + 副词(well/easily),表物品特性。
This kind of shirt washes easily. 这种衬衫很好洗。
③need/want/require/deserve + doing(= to be done,某物需被……)。
The old house requires repairing. 这栋老房子需要修缮。
④be worth doing(值得被做)
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
二、无被动语态的情况
①不及物动词或短语:happen/take place/belong to/appear 等,无宾语,不能变被动。
The accident happened last night. 事故昨晚发生了。
This bag belongs to Lily. 这个包是莉莉的。
②特殊及物动词:have/cost/own 等,习惯不用被动。
The watch cost me 200 yuan. 这块手表花了我 200 元。
She has a new bike. 她有一辆新自行车。
③固定短语:consist of/take part in/depend on/suffer from/ date back to等,无被动形式。
The group consists of five students. 这个小组由五名学生组成。
The building dates back to 100 years ago. 这座建筑始建于百年前。
【典例破题1】
A big fire ______ in the town yesterday.
A. was happened B. happened C. is happened D. happen
【答案】B
【详解】happen(发生)是不及物动词,无被动语态,直接排除 A、C。时间状语 yesterday(昨天)表明动作发生在过去,谓语动词使用一般过去式 happened,故选 B。
【命题解读】
① 考点定位:考查不及物动词无被动语态的用法,同时结合一般过去时的时态判断。
② 干扰项设计:A、C 刻意设置被动形式,利用中文思维误导学生;D 为动词原形,考查时态辨析。
③ 解题关键:牢记 happen 为不及物动词,不用于被动语态;再根据时间标志词确定时态。
【易错警示】
① 受汉语 “被发生” 思维影响,误选被动形式 was happened/is happened,牢记 happen、take place 等表 “发生” 的动词 / 短语无被动。
② 忽略时间状语 yesterday,错用一般现在时 happen。
【典例破题2】
The floor needs ______. It’s too dirty.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
【答案】C
【详解】固定用法 sth. need doing 主动形式表被动含义,意为 “某物需要被……”,等同于 sth. need to be done。本句表达 “地板需要被打扫”,因此 need 后接动名词 cleaning,故选 C。
【命题解读】
① 考点定位:考查 need + doing 主动形式表被动的固定用法,是被动语态高频易混考点。
② 干扰项设计:A 选项为动词原形、B 选项为不定式主动形式、D 选项为过去分词,均是学生易误选的形式,重点区分非谓语动词搭配。
③ 解题关键:牢记结构 sth. need doing = sth. need to be done,主语为物时,表 “某物需要被……” 优先使用动名词形式。
【易错警示】
① 主被动搭配区分:物作主语,表 “某物需要被做”,用 need doing 或 need to be done,不可用主动不定式。人作主语,用 sb. need to do sth.(某人需要做某事)。例:I need to clean the floor.
② 形式要求:need 后接实义动词,只能用非谓语形式,不能直接接动词原形或过去分词。
【巩固提升1】
This kind of cloth ______ soft and comfortable.
A. is felt B. feels C. was felt D. feel
【巩固提升2】
This house ______ my uncle. We can't sell it.
A. is belonged to B. belongs to C. was belonged to D. belong to
【巩固提升3】
Lots of people ______ the cold illness in winter.
A. are suffered from B. suffer from C. is suffered from D. was suffered from
一、单项选择
1.The first part of the Lianyungang-Suqian Highway ________ at the end of 2025.
A.was completed B.completed C.will be completed D.will complete
2.More than 30 works of art ________ to the public in the museum next year.
A. were shown B. will show C. was shown D. will be shown
3.This kind of pen ______ well, so it sells very well.
A. is written B. writes C. was written D. wrote
4. Most of the earth’s surface ________ by water.
A.covers B.covered C.is covered D.was covered
5.The famous painting ________ by a local artist in the 18th century.
A.creates B.created C.was created D.is created
6. The new books ________ to the students in the library just now.
A.give B.gave C.was given D.were given
7. If the work ________ on time, you will get a prize.
A.does B.is done C.will be done D.was done
8.The cake ________ delicious. I can’t wait to eat it.
A.tastes B.is tasted C.taste D.was tasted
9. Fu Zai, a cute police dog, ________ to better deal with different environments in the near future.
A.will train B.trains C.will be trained D.was trained
10. —Where ________ you ________?
—I was born in Beijing.
A. were; born B. are; born C. did; born D. do; born
二、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.Good table manners _______ (teach) to children from an early age in most Chinese families.
2.Paper-cutting has a long history. It ________ (invent) many years ago.
3.She (invite) to attend a financial conference next month.
4.The letter (write) by him last night.
5.The photos of our camping trip ________ (put) on our school website next Monday.
6.The room ________ (fill) with all kinds of Chinese paintings now.
7. The meeting (hold) in the school hall next Monday.
8. Soon, more advice _________ (offer) to teenagers in need.
9.Life is invaluable. This is a price we must pay and a price is worth________ (pay).
10. Nowadays, free breakfast _______ (provide) for people aged over 60 in our community.
三、语法选择
There are lots of lovely animal characters in Disney films. No wonder so many people are 1 to see their favourite animal friends turn into colourful cartoon characters.
Isa Bredt, 2 artist from the Netherlands, turns pet photos into Disney-style cartoons. The characters she creates seem like they could jump right out of a classic Disney film!
Isa calls her project Pet Disneyfication. “I started it because I am actually a big fan of both 3 animals and the old Disney style,” said the 4 girl. As a result, art has always been an inseparable part of her life. Isa 5 to draw when she was a child. 6 the beginning, she offered free drawings to people who would send her pictures of their pets. Now, she draws for people from around the world.
The Dutch artist also works her magic to pay attention to homeless animals. She turns 7 into lovely cartoon characters. And she hopes to increase their chances of finding loving homes.
Opia is one such animal. The cat 8 in the street. She could hardly move because of her hurt back legs. Isa carefully drew a picture of her that showed her charm (魅力). The artist encouraged her followers 9 Opia if they could.
It was a slow process, 10 Opia finally had her Disney dream come true! And she has found a caring family!
1.A.exciting B.excited C.excite D.excitedly
2.A.a B.an C.the D./
3.A.draws B.drew C.drawn D.drawing
4.A.26 years old B.26-years-old C.26-year-old D.26 years of age
5.A.starts B.started C.has started D.will start
6.A.On B.By C.In D.With
7.A.them B.their C.they D.theirs
8.A.finds B.found C.is found D.was found
9.A.help B.helping C.helped D.to help
10.A.but B.and C.or D.so
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10小题,每小题1分)
The 42nd Weifang International Kite Festival was full of surprises. But the most 1 (excite) show was a pair of robot kites which flew perfectly in the shape of an “eight” in the sky, making the crowd cheer 2 (happy).
This year, the traditional kite flying 3 (mix) with modern technology. Some kites could fly even when there was no wind. 4 engineer at the event said, “We are not just waiting for the wind—we can make the kites fly by 5 (they) with technology!”
What’s more, technology is helping to make 6 (kite) faster and better. In the local kite-making factories, machines can cut the kite cloth 7 wasting much. The shared kites, which are just like shared bikes, can record their flying ways and turn them into beautiful art posters for people 8 (share) online.
But does it mean we will forget the traditional skills? Not really. At the festival, many kite makers still use both new tools and their own hands. As one old worker 9 (say), “The machine may cut the bamboo, but we still use hands to feel.”
This festival really set a great example of 10 we can use modern technology to improve traditional skills instead of replacing them.
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专题02 被动语态(一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时)
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
一般现在时的被动
1.基本结构:am/is/are+过去分词的构成与拼写
2.主谓一致:根据主语单复数选用 am/is/are
3.句式转换:肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句变换
4.常用场景:客观事实、常态、规章制度、经常性动作
1. 侧重语境分析,单纯依靠时间标志词解题的题型逐步减少;
2. 常将不同时态、主被动语态混搭设题,重点考查语态辨析能力;
3. 语法填空主要考查各时态被动结构及不规则动词变形;
4. 完成句子侧重考查语态实际运用,书面表达要求结合语境灵活造句。
一般过去时的被动
1.基本结构:was/were+过去分词的构成与不规则分词拼写
2.主谓一致:单数/不可数主语用 was,复数主语用 were
3.时间标志词搭配:yesterday, last..., just now 等语境运用
4.语境辨析:区分一般过去时主动与被动语态
一般将来时的被动
1.基本结构:will be + 过去分词
2. 句式变化:否定、疑问形式变换
3. 时间标志:tomorrow, soon, in + 时间段 等场景运用
考情解码:三大时态的被动语态为高频考点,命题侧重语境运用与时态、语态辨析。语法题型重点考查被动结构和不规则动词变化,同时该知识点也是写作提分的重要内容,日常学习需注重实操运用。
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知识点一 一般现在时的被动
【课标要求】①掌握一般现在时被动语态的基本结构、句式变化及发音规则。②能区分主动语态与被动语态的用法场景,理解被动语态的表达含义。③能在简单语境(短句、对话、短文)中正确使用一般现在时被动语态描述客观事实、常态动作。
定义
被动语态表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者,中文常表示 “……被……”。
而主动语态表示句子中的主语是动作的发出者。
被动语态:The room is cleaned by me. (房间被我打扫。)
主动语态:I clean the room.
(我打扫房间。)
基本构成
be + 动词的过去分词 (done)
过去分词变化规律
1. 一般情况下,直接加ed,如work - worked;
2. 以不发音的e结尾,加d,如love - loved;
3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾,变y为i加ed,如study - studied;
4. 重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母加ed,如stop - stopped;
5. 不规则变化,如do - done,see - seen,eat - eaten,go - gone,write - written
(详见课本P142- P143)
一般现在时的被动语态
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + done ( + by sb.)
Many trees are planted every year.
每年很多树被种植。
否定句:主语 + am/is/are not + done ( + by sb.)
Many trees aren’t planted every year.
每年没有很多树被种植。
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)?
Are many trees planted every year?
每年很多树被种植吗?
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)?
What are planted every year?
每年什么东西被种植?
主动语态变被动语态
1. 主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
2. 主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语
3. 主动语态的主语变为被动语态中by的宾语
I clean the room.
变为The room is cleaned by me.
被动语态的用法
1. 不知道或没必要说明动作的发出者是谁
A tree is often planted in the garden.
在花园里,一棵树经常被种植。
(不知道树被谁种)
2. 强调动作的承受者
This song is usually sung by me.
这首歌总是被我唱。(强调“我”唱的歌)
【典例破题1】
Paper cuttings ________ in different kinds of festivals and celebrations around China every year.
A. are used B. were used C. will be used D. use
【答案】A
【详解】句意:剪纸每年在中国各地的不同节日和庆祝活动中被使用。
考查被动语态。are used被使用,一般现在时被动语态;were used被使用,一般过去时被动语态;will be used将被使用,一般将来时被动语态;use使用,一般现在时的主动语态。根据句意,主语“Paper cuttings (剪纸)”与动词“使用”之间是被动关系,且时间状语“every year”表示经常性、习惯性的动作,需用一般现在时被动语态。故选A。
【命题解读】
①考点定位:考查一般现在时被动语态,结构为 am/is/are + 过去分词,时间状语 every year 提示习惯性动作。
②干扰项设计:选项覆盖三种时态(过去、现在、将来)及主动/被动对比,其中 will be used 为强干扰项(学生易忽略 every year 误判为将来)。
③解题关键:一看时间状语 every year 定一般现在时,二判主谓关系(剪纸与使用为被动)定语态,三套结构(主语复数 → are used)。
【典例破题2】
If the little boy _________ (give) another chance tomorrow, he will do it better.
【答案】is given
【详解】句意:如果明天再给这个男孩一次机会,他会做得更好。句子是if引导的条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时;从句主语“the boy”和谓语动词“give”之间是被动关系,此处用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为“is/am/are+done”,主语“the boy”是第三人称单数,所以be动词用is,“give”的过去分词“given”。故填is given。
【命题解读】
① 考点定位
考查条件状语从句中的一般现在时被动语态(主将从现),结构为 am/is/are + 过去分词。
② 干扰项设计
常见错误包括:时态错误:will be given(误用主句将来时于从句);语态错误:gives(主动语态);
主谓不一致:are given(主语为单数)
③ 解题关键
一看“if”引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”→ 从句用一般现在时;
二判主谓关系(男孩与给为被动)→ 定语态;
三套结构(主语单数 → is given)。
【易错警示】
① 主将从现错误
在if/when/as soon as等引导的条件或时间状语从句中,即使表示将来动作,从句也须用一般现在时代替一般将来时,不要误用 will be given。
② 主谓一致错误
主语 the little boy 为第三人称单数,be动词用 is,不要误用 are。被动语态中be动词的单复数必须与主语保持一致。
【典例破题3】
The flower ________ sweet. Everyone in the room loves it.
A.smells B.is smelled C.smell D.was smelled
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这朵花闻起来很香。房间里的每个人都喜欢它。感官动词smell为系动词,后接形容词作表语,用主动形式表示被动意义,不用于被动语态。主语The flower为第三人称单数,故填smells。
【命题解读】
①考点定位
考查感官动词主动表被动。感官动词(smell/taste/sound/feel/look)为系动词,用主动形式表示被动意义,后接形容词作表语,不用于被动语态。
②干扰项设计
强干扰项为 B. is smelled,学生易受中文“花被闻”的影响误选被动语态;另有主谓一致干扰项 C. smell(主语为单数却用复数形式)及时态干扰项 D. was smelled(过去时被动)。
③解题关键
一看主语“The flower”与smell为主谓关系(花本身发出气味,而非被闻),二识感官动词特征,三记口诀:感官系动主动表被,后跟形容词作表语。
【易错警示】
学生易误认为“花被闻”而使用被动语态is smelled。注意:感官动词(smell/taste/sound/feel/look)用主动形式表示被动意义,后接形容词。
【巩固提升1】
Though Confucius has been dead for many years, we ________ still ________ by his ideas today.
A. are; influence B. were; influenced C. are; influenced D. were; influence
【答案】C
【详解】句意:尽管孔子已经去世多年,我们今天仍然受他的思想影响。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子结构,主语“we”是谓语动词“influence”的承受者,即“我们被他的思想影响”,因此应用被动语态结构“be+过去分词”,“influence”的过去分词是“influenced”。时间状语“today”表明为现在时态,主语 “we” 对应的 be 动词是 “are”;因此正确结构是 “are influenced”。故选C。
【巩固提升2】
The West Lake ________ by thousands of tourists every day.
A. visits B. is visited C. visited D. was visited
【答案】B
【详解】句意:西湖每天被成千上万的游客参观。
考查被动语态。visits参观,动词第三人称单数;is visited被参观,一般现在时被动语态;visited参观,过去式;was visited被参观,一般过去时被动语态。主语“The West Lake”是动作的承受者,且时间状语“every day”表示经常性动作,需用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为am/is/are+过去分词,主语“The West Lake”为单数,be动词用is。故选B。
【巩固提升3】
These emails _______ (send) to customers (顾客) every week.
【答案】are sent
【详解】句意:这些邮件每周都会发送给顾客。send“发送”,动词;主语“These emails”是动作承受者,且根据时间状语“every week”可知,动作是经常性、习惯性的被动行为,应用一般现在时的被动语态“is/are+过去分词”。主语为复数,谓语动词用are。故填are sent。
知识点二 一般过去时的被动语态
【课标要求】①熟记一般过去时被动语态的基本结构、句式变换形式。②辨析一般现在时与一般过去时被动语态的时态差异,精准判断语境时态。③结合过去的时间语境,用该语态描述过去发生的被动动作、过往状态。
定义
被动语态表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者,中文常表示 “……被……”。
而主动语态表示句子中的主语是动作的发出者。
被动语态:The room is cleaned by me. (房间被我打扫。)
主动语态:I clean the room.
(我打扫房间。)
基本构成
be + 动词的过去分词 (done)
过去分词变化规律
1. 一般情况下,直接加ed,如work - worked;
2. 以不发音的e结尾,加d,如love - loved;
3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾,变y为i加ed,如study - studied;
4. 重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母加ed,如stop - stopped;
5. 不规则变化,如do - done,see - seen,eat - eaten,go - gone,write - written
(详见课本P142- P143)
一般过去时的被动语态
肯定句:主语 + was/were + done ( + by sb.)
Many trees were planted last year.
去年很多树被种植。
否定句:主语 + was/were not + done ( + by sb.)
Many trees weren’t planted last year.
去年没有很多树被种植。
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)?
Were many trees planted last year?
去年很多树被种植吗?
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + done ( + by sb.)?
What were planted last year?
去年什么东西被种植?
【典例破题1】
The nice tea from Jiangxi’s Wuyuan ________ at the national tea fair last month.
A.praises B.praised C.is praised D.was praised
【答案】D
【详解】句意:江西婺源的优质茶叶在上个月的全国茶叶博览会上受到了称赞。
根据时间状语“last month”可知句子时态为一般过去时,且主语“tea”与动词“praise”之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态结构“was/were+done”。主语The nice tea为单数,be动词用单数第三人称形式,故填was praised。
【命题解读】
①思路点拨
时间状语:last month → 一般过去时
主谓关系:tea与praise → 被动关系(茶被称赞)
主语单复数:tea(单数)→ be用was
②规范解答
题干要求使用一般过去时被动语态,结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语The nice tea为单数,故填was praised。本题选D。
③方法提炼
被动语态解题三步法:一找时间状语定时态,二判主谓关系定语态,三看主语单复数定be动词。
步骤 操作 本题应用
① 定时态 找时间状语 many years ago → 一般过去时
② 定语态 判主谓关系 paper-cutting 被发明 → 被动语态
③ 套结构 was/were + 过去分词 It (单数) + invented → was invented
【典例破题2】
The delicious food ________ (share) among my family yesterday.
【答案】was shared
【详解】句意:昨天美味的食物在我家人之间被分享了。句中“yesterday”为过去时间状语,主语“The delicious food”与“share”之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were+过去分词”,主语为第三人称单数,故填was shared。
【命题解读】
①考点定位
考查一般过去时被动语态,结构为 was/were + 过去分词,时间状语 yesterday 提示动作发生在过去。
②干扰项设计
常见错误包括:时态错误(is shared)、语态错误(shared)、主谓不一致(were shared)。
③解题关键
一看时间状语 yesterday 定一般过去时,二判主谓关系(食物与分享为被动)定语态,三套结构(主语单数 → was shared)。
【易错警示】
① 时态错误
看见“yesterday / last night / just now / ...ago”等明确过去时间状语,务必用一般过去时被动语态(was/were done),不要误用一般现在时或一般将来时。
②主谓一致错误
主语 the delicious food 为不可数名词/单数,be动词用 was,不要误用 were。被动语态中,be动词的单复数必须与主语保持一致,不受“among my family”等后置介词短语的干扰。
【巩固提升1】
The old bridge ________ by the government last month because it was dangerous.
A.closes B.closed C.was closed D.is closed
【答案】C
【详解】句意:那座旧桥上个月被政府关闭了,因为它很危险。根据时间状语“last month”可知句子时态为一般过去时,且主语“bridge”与“close”之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为单数,故填was closed。
【巩固提升2】
The sports meeting ________ because of the bad weather yesterday.
A.put off B.was put off C.puts off D.is put off
【答案】B
【详解】句意:由于天气不好,昨天的运动会推迟了。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知句子时态为一般过去时,且主语“meeting”与“put off”之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为单数,故填was put off。
【巩固提升3】
Li Ming is excellent and helpful in our class, so he ________ as a Triple-A Student (三好学生)last week.
A.have been chosen B.was chosen C.will be chosen D.is chosen
【答案】B
【详解】句意:李明在班里表现优秀、乐于助人,所以他上周被评为三好学生。时间状语last week(上周)表示一般过去时;主语 he 和 choose(评选)是被动关系,需用一般过去时的被动语态was/were + 过去分词,主语为第三人称单数,故用 was chosen。A 为现在完成时被动,C 为一般将来时被动,D 为一般现在时被动,均不符合时态要求。
知识点三 一般将来时的被动
【课标要求】①掌握一般将来时被动语态的两种核心结构、各类句式变化。②能结合时间标志判断时态,区分不同时态被动语态的用法差异。③能在语境中使用该语态描述将来将要发生的被动动作、计划与安排。
一般将来时的被动语态
肯定句:
① 主语 + will + be done ( + by sb.)
② 主语 + am/is/are going to + be done ( + by sb.)
Many trees will be planted next year.
Many trees are going to be planted next year.
明年很多树被种植。
否定句:
① 主语 + will not + be done ( + by sb.)
② 主语 + am/is/are not going to + be done ( + by sb.)
Many trees won’t be planted next year.
Many trees aren’t going to be planted next year.
明年没有很多树被种植。
一般疑问句:
① Will + 主语 + be done ( + by sb.)?
② Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + be done ( + by sb.)?
Will many trees be planted next year?
Are many trees going to be planted next year?
明年很多树被种植吗?
特殊疑问句:
① 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be done ( + by sb.)?
② 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + be done ( + by sb.)?
Where will the trees be planted next year?
Where are the trees going to be planted next year?
明年树木将会被种植在哪里?
【典例破题】
1.A few people believe that most of the teaching work ________ by AI in the near future.
A. is done B. was done C. will be done D. is being done
【答案】 C
【详解】句意:一些人认为在不久的将来,大部分教学工作将由人工智能完成。
考查时态和语态。is done一般现在时被动;was done一般过去时被动;will be done一般将来时被动;is being done现在进行时被动。根据“in the near future”可知,句子应用一般将来时;且“teaching work”与“do”之间是被动关系,用被动语态。应填will be done,故选C。
2.The classic cartoon (show) on TV next week—many old fans are looking forward to it.
【答案】will be shown
【详解】句意:这部经典卡通片将于下周在电视上播出,许多老粉丝都很期待。根据“next week”可知,句子用一般将来时,主语the classic cartoon与动词show之间是被动关系,所以此空应用一般将来时被动语态,故填will be shown。
【命题解读】
步骤 操作 第1题应用 第2题应用
① 定时态 找时间状语 in the near future → 一般将来时 next week → 一般将来时
② 定语态 判主谓关系 work 被 AI 做 → 被动 cartoon 被播出 → 被动
③ 套结构 will be + 过去分词 will be done will be shown
【易错警示】①看见“in the near future / next week”等将来时间状语,务必用一般将来时被动语态(will be done),不要误用一般现在时或一般过去时。②注意动词过去分词的不规则变化。
【巩固提升1】
More trees and flowers ________ in our city next spring.
A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.will be planted
【答案】D
【详解】句意:明年春天我们城市将种植更多的树木和花卉。根据时间状语“next spring”可知句子时态为一般将来时,且主语“trees and flowers”与动词“plant”之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,故填will be planted。
【巩固提升2】
It is reported that 6G technology ________ widely in a short time.
A.used B.will use C.is used D.will be used
【答案】D
【详解】句意:据报道,6G 技术短期内将会被广泛使用。根据时间状语 “in a short time” 可知句子时态为一般将来时,且主语 “6G technology” 与动词 “use” 之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,故填 will be used。
【巩固提升3】
If we keep reading, the way we see the world ________ by the books we read.
A.shapes B.is shaped C.will shape D.will be shaped
【答案】D
【详解】句意:如果坚持阅读,我们看待世界的方式将会被读过的书籍所塑造。本句为 if 引导的条件状语从句,遵循 “主将从现” 原则,主句用一般将来时;主语 “the way” 与动词 “shape” 之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,故填 will be shaped。
【拓展】知识点四 不用被动的情况
一、主动形式表被动(主动表被动)
①感官动词:look/sound/smell/taste/feel + 形容词(表事物属性)。
The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。
②性能类动词:sell/write/wash/read/wear 等 + 副词(well/easily),表物品特性。
This kind of shirt washes easily. 这种衬衫很好洗。
③need/want/require/deserve + doing(= to be done,某物需被……)。
The old house requires repairing. 这栋老房子需要修缮。
④be worth doing(值得被做)
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
二、无被动语态的情况
①不及物动词或短语:happen/take place/belong to/appear 等,无宾语,不能变被动。
The accident happened last night. 事故昨晚发生了。
This bag belongs to Lily. 这个包是莉莉的。
②特殊及物动词:have/cost/own 等,习惯不用被动。
The watch cost me 200 yuan. 这块手表花了我 200 元。
She has a new bike. 她有一辆新自行车。
③固定短语:consist of/take part in/depend on/suffer from/ date back to等,无被动形式。
The group consists of five students. 这个小组由五名学生组成。
The building dates back to 100 years ago. 这座建筑始建于百年前。
【典例破题1】
A big fire ______ in the town yesterday.
A. was happened B. happened C. is happened D. happen
【答案】B
【详解】happen(发生)是不及物动词,无被动语态,直接排除 A、C。时间状语 yesterday(昨天)表明动作发生在过去,谓语动词使用一般过去式 happened,故选 B。
【命题解读】
① 考点定位:考查不及物动词无被动语态的用法,同时结合一般过去时的时态判断。
② 干扰项设计:A、C 刻意设置被动形式,利用中文思维误导学生;D 为动词原形,考查时态辨析。
③ 解题关键:牢记 happen 为不及物动词,不用于被动语态;再根据时间标志词确定时态。
【易错警示】
① 受汉语 “被发生” 思维影响,误选被动形式 was happened/is happened,牢记 happen、take place 等表 “发生” 的动词 / 短语无被动。
② 忽略时间状语 yesterday,错用一般现在时 happen。
【典例破题2】
The floor needs ______. It’s too dirty.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
【答案】C
【详解】固定用法 sth. need doing 主动形式表被动含义,意为 “某物需要被……”,等同于 sth. need to be done。本句表达 “地板需要被打扫”,因此 need 后接动名词 cleaning,故选 C。
【命题解读】
① 考点定位:考查 need + doing 主动形式表被动的固定用法,是被动语态高频易混考点。
② 干扰项设计:A 选项为动词原形、B 选项为不定式主动形式、D 选项为过去分词,均是学生易误选的形式,重点区分非谓语动词搭配。
③ 解题关键:牢记结构 sth. need doing = sth. need to be done,主语为物时,表 “某物需要被……” 优先使用动名词形式。
【易错警示】
① 主被动搭配区分:物作主语,表 “某物需要被做”,用 need doing 或 need to be done,不可用主动不定式。人作主语,用 sb. need to do sth.(某人需要做某事)。例:I need to clean the floor.
② 形式要求:need 后接实义动词,只能用非谓语形式,不能直接接动词原形或过去分词。
【巩固提升1】
This kind of cloth ______ soft and comfortable.
A. is felt B. feels C. was felt D. feel
【答案】B
【详解】feel 是感官动词,后接形容词描述事物属性,主动形式表被动含义,不用于被动语态,排除 A、C。句子描述物品固有特性,用一般现在时;主语 This kind of cloth 为第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式 feels,故选 B。
【巩固提升2】
This house ______ my uncle. We can't sell it.
A. is belonged to B. belongs to C. was belonged to D. belong to
【答案】B
【详解】belong to 为固定短语,无被动语态和进行时态,排除 A、C。句子描述当下的所属关系,用一般现在时;主语 This house 是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式 belongs to,故选 B。
【巩固提升3】
Lots of people ______ the cold illness in winter.
A. are suffered from B. suffer from C. is suffered from D. was suffered from
【答案】B
【详解】suffer from 是固定短语,无被动语态,直接排除 A、C、D。本句描述常态现象,用一般现在时;主语 Lots of people 为复数,谓语动词用原形 suffer from,故选 B。
一、单项选择
1.The first part of the Lianyungang-Suqian Highway ________ at the end of 2025.
A.was completed B.completed C.will be completed D.will complete
【答案】A
【详解】句意:连宿高速公路的第一部分已于2025年底完工。
根据时间状语“at the end of 2025”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,主语“The first part...”与动词“complete”之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为be done,complete的过去分词为completed。
2.More than 30 works of art ________ to the public in the museum next year.
A. were shown B. will show C. was shown D. will be shown
【答案】D
【详解】句意:明年,博物馆将向公众展出30多件艺术品。
考查时态和语态。were shown被展出,一般过去时的被动语态,主语为复数;will show展出,一般将来时的主动语态;was shown被展出,一般过去时的被动语态,主语为单数;will be shown将被展出,一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“next year”可知,句子应用一般将来时;主语“More than 30 works of art”是复数,且与动词“show”之间为被动关系(艺术品被展出),故需用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
3.This kind of pen ______ well, so it sells very well.
A. is written B. writes C. was written D. wrote
答案:B
详解:动词 write 此处描述钢笔书写流畅这一物品固有性能,属于主动形式表被动,不使用被动语态,排除 A、C。后半句 sells 为一般现在时,前后时态保持一致;主语 This kind of pen 为单数,谓语用三单形式 writes,故选 B。
4. Most of the earth’s surface ________ by water.
A.covers B.covered C.is covered D.was covered
【答案】C
【详解】句意:地球表面的大部分被水覆盖。根据句意可知描述的是客观事实,句子时态为一般现在时,且主语“surface”与动词“cover”之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态结构“am/is/are+done”。主语surface为单数,be动词用is,故填is covered。
5.The famous painting ________ by a local artist in the 18th century.
A.creates B.created C.was created D.is created
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这幅名画在18世纪由一位当地艺术家创作。根据时间状语“in the 18th century”可知句子时态为一般过去时,且主语“painting”与动词“create”之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态结构“was/were+done”。主语painting为单数,be动词用was,故填was created。
6. The new books ________ to the students in the library just now.
A.give B.gave C.was given D.were given
【答案】D
【详解】句意:新书刚才在图书馆被发给了学生们。根据时间状语“just now”可知句子时态为一般过去时,且主语“The new books”与动词“give”之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态结构“was/were+done”。主语books为复数,be动词用were,故填were given。
7. If the work ________ on time, you will get a prize.
A.does B.is done C.will be done D.was done
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果工作按时完成,你就会得到奖励。句子是if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时表将来。从句主语“the work”与谓语动词“do”之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为“am/is/are+done”。主语为单数,be动词用is,故填is done。
8.The cake ________ delicious. I can’t wait to eat it.
A.tastes B.is tasted C.taste D.was tasted
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这块蛋糕尝起来很美味。我迫不及待想吃它了。感官动词taste为系动词,后接形容词作表语,用主动形式表示被动意义,不用于被动语态。主语The cake为第三人称单数,故填tastes。
9. Fu Zai, a cute police dog, ________ to better deal with different environments in the near future.
A.will train B.trains C.will be trained D.was trained
【答案】C
【详解】句意:福仔,一只可爱的警犬,将在不久的将来接受训练,以更好地应对不同的环境。
考查被动语态。根据“in the near future”可知,本句时态为一般将来时,主语Fu Zai是动作train“训练”的承受者,要用一般将来时的被动语态(will be done)。故选C。
10. —Where ________ you ________?
—I was born in Beijing.
A. were; born B. are; born C. did; born D. do; born
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你在哪里出生的?——我出生在北京。
考查动词时态和被动语态。be born意为“出生”,为固定表达。根据答句“I was born in Beijing.”(我出生在北京)可知,问句询问的是过去的出生地点,且主语you与born之间构成被动关系,应用一般过去时。故选A。
二、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.Good table manners _______ (teach) to children from an early age in most Chinese families.
【答案】are taught
【详解】句意:在大多数中国家庭,良好的餐桌礼仪从小就被教给孩子们。主语“Good table manners”和动词“teach”是被动关系,且句子用一般现在时,故用一般现在时的被动语态,主语“Good table manners”是复数,be动词是are, teach的过去分词为taught。故填are taught。
2.Paper-cutting has a long history. It ________ (invent) many years ago.
【答案】was invented
【详解】句意:剪纸有着悠久的历史。它是很多年前被发明出来的。句末时间状语“many years ago”是一般过去时的标志,确定用过去时态。主语It指代前文的paper-cutting,和动词invent是被动关系,因此要用被动语态。一般过去时被动语态的结构是“was/were+动词过去分词”,主语It是第三人称单数,invent的过去分词是invented,所以最终填was invented。
3.She (invite) to attend a financial conference next month.
【答案】will be invited/is going to be invited
【详解】句意:她下个月将被邀请参加一个金融会议。invite“邀请”,动词,主语“She”和动词“invite”之间是被动关系,结合“next month”可知,句子时态为一般将来时,其被动语态结构为will be invited或be going to be invited,主语为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填will be invited/is going to be invited。
4.The letter (write) by him last night.
【答案】was written
【详解】句意:这封信是他昨晚写的。根据“last night”可知,动作发生在过去,且主语“The letter”是动作的承受者,应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语为第三人称单数,be动词用was,write的过去分词为written。故填was written。
5.The photos of our camping trip ________ (put) on our school website next Monday.
【答案】will be put
【详解】句意:我们露营旅行的照片将于下周一被发布在学校网站上。句中next Monday是表示将来的时间状语,提示句子用一般将来时;主语The photos和动词put是被动关系(照片被发布),因此用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be put。
6.The room ________ (fill) with all kinds of Chinese paintings now.
【答案】is filled
【详解】句意:这个房间现在摆满了各种各样的中国画。句中主语“The room”与动词“fill”之间是被动关系,即“房间被填满”,且固定搭配为“be filled with”。根据句末的时间状语“now”可知,句子应用一般现在时。主语“The room”是第三人称单数,因此be动词使用“is”。故填is filled。
7. The meeting (hold) in the school hall next Monday.
【答案】will be held/is going to be held
【详解】句意:这场会议下周一将在学校礼堂举行。hold“举行”,next Monday表明应用一般将来时,主语The meeting与动词hold是被动关系,因此用一般将来时的被动语态,其结构为will be done或am/is/are going to be done,hold的过去分词是held,主语表示单数,所以空格处应填will be held或is going to be held。故填will be held/is going to be held。
8. Soon, more advice _________ (offer) to teenagers in need.
【答案】will be offered
【详解】句意:很快,更多建议将被提供给有需要的青少年。根据时间状语“Soon”可知,句子时态用一般将来时;主语“more advice”与动词“offer”之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态will be offered。
9.Life is invaluable. This is a price we must pay and a price is worth________ (pay).
【答案】paying
【详解】句意:生命是无价的。 这是我们必须付出的代价,也是值得付出的代价。be worth doing sth. 意为“值得做某事”。故答案为paying。
10. Nowadays, free breakfast _______ (provide) for people aged over 60 in our community.
【答案】is provided
【详解】句意:如今,我们社区为60岁以上的人提供免费早餐。主语“free breakfast”和动词“provide”之间是被动关系,根据“Nowadays”可知,句子应用一般现在时,所以此处应用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为“am/is/are + 动词的过去分词”,主语是“free breakfast”,be动词用is,provide的过去分词为provided。故填is provided。
三、语法选择
There are lots of lovely animal characters in Disney films. No wonder so many people are 1 to see their favourite animal friends turn into colourful cartoon characters.
Isa Bredt, 2 artist from the Netherlands, turns pet photos into Disney-style cartoons. The characters she creates seem like they could jump right out of a classic Disney film!
Isa calls her project Pet Disneyfication. “I started it because I am actually a big fan of both 3 animals and the old Disney style,” said the 4 girl. As a result, art has always been an inseparable part of her life. Isa 5 to draw when she was a child. 6 the beginning, she offered free drawings to people who would send her pictures of their pets. Now, she draws for people from around the world.
The Dutch artist also works her magic to pay attention to homeless animals. She turns 7 into lovely cartoon characters. And she hopes to increase their chances of finding loving homes.
Opia is one such animal. The cat 8 in the street. She could hardly move because of her hurt back legs. Isa carefully drew a picture of her that showed her charm (魅力). The artist encouraged her followers 9 Opia if they could.
It was a slow process, 10 Opia finally had her Disney dream come true! And she has found a caring family!
1.A.exciting B.excited C.excite D.excitedly
2.A.a B.an C.the D./
3.A.draws B.drew C.drawn D.drawing
4.A.26 years old B.26-years-old C.26-year-old D.26 years of age
5.A.starts B.started C.has started D.will start
6.A.On B.By C.In D.With
7.A.them B.their C.they D.theirs
8.A.finds B.found C.is found D.was found
9.A.help B.helping C.helped D.to help
10.A.but B.and C.or D.so
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.D 10.A
【导语】本文讲述了荷兰艺术家Isa Bredt将宠物照片绘制成迪士尼风格卡通形象的故事。
【详解】
1.句意:难怪如此多的人兴奋地看到他们最爱的动物朋友变成多彩的卡通角色。
上文提到迪士尼动画中有可爱的动物角色,人们看到它们变成卡通形象时的感受应为“兴奋的”,且主语是people,描述人的感受应用-ed结尾形容词。excited“兴奋的”符合。exciting“令人兴奋的”修饰物;excite动词原形;excitedly副词,均不符合语法或语境。
2.句意:Isa Bredt,一位来自荷兰的艺术家,将宠物照片变成迪士尼风格的卡通角色。
泛指“一位艺术家”,且artist以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。a用于辅音音素开头的词;the表特指;/为零冠词,均不符合。
3.句意:这位26岁的女孩说:“我开始这个项目是因为我其实是动物绘画和古老迪士尼风格的超级粉丝。”
介词of后接宾语,且animals与drawing之间为逻辑上的主动关系,意为“画动物的(行为/艺术)”,应用动名词drawing作定语。draws第三人称单数;drew过去式;drawn过去分词,均不符合语法。
4.句意:这位26岁的女孩说。
表示“26岁的”,应用连字符连接的复合形容词“基数词-year-old”,其中名词year用单数形式。26 years old作表语;26-years-old中year错误地加了s;26 years of age表述正确但不符合连字符作定语的用法。
5.句意:Isa从小就开始画画。
描述童年时的行为,应用一般过去时。started符合。starts一般现在时;has started现在完成时强调对现在的影响;will start一般将来时,均与时间状语“when she was a child”不符。
6.句意:一开始,她为那些把宠物照片发给她的人提供免费绘画。
固定搭配in the beginning“起初,一开始”。on, by, with均不能与the beginning构成此短语。
7.句意:她把它们变成可爱的卡通角色。
指代前文的homeless animals,作turn的宾语,应用人称代词的宾格them。their形容词性物主代词;they主格;their名词性物主代词,均不符合。
8.句意:这只猫被发现时在街上。
猫被人在街上发现,描述过去的事实,应用一般过去时的被动语态was found。finds主动一般现在时;found主动过去时;is found被动一般现在时,均不符合时态或语态。
9.句意:这位艺术家鼓励她的粉丝们,如果可以的话,去帮助Opia。
固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”,应用动词不定式to help作宾语补足语。help动词原形;helping动名词/现在分词;helped过去式,均不符合搭配。
10.句意:这是一个缓慢的过程,但是Opia最终实现了她的迪士尼梦想!
上文说“缓慢”,下文说“最终梦想成真”,前后为转折关系,应用but。and表并列;or表选择;so表结果,均不符合逻辑。
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10小题,每小题1分)
The 42nd Weifang International Kite Festival was full of surprises. But the most 1 (excite) show was a pair of robot kites which flew perfectly in the shape of an “eight” in the sky, making the crowd cheer 2 (happy).
This year, the traditional kite flying 3 (mix) with modern technology. Some kites could fly even when there was no wind. 4 engineer at the event said, “We are not just waiting for the wind—we can make the kites fly by 5 (they) with technology!”
What’s more, technology is helping to make 6 (kite) faster and better. In the local kite-making factories, machines can cut the kite cloth 7 wasting much. The shared kites, which are just like shared bikes, can record their flying ways and turn them into beautiful art posters for people 8 (share) online.
But does it mean we will forget the traditional skills? Not really. At the festival, many kite makers still use both new tools and their own hands. As one old worker 9 (say), “The machine may cut the bamboo, but we still use hands to feel.”
This festival really set a great example of 10 we can use modern technology to improve traditional skills instead of replacing them.
【答案】
1.exciting 2.happily 3.was mixed 4.An 5.themselves 6.kites 7.without 8.to share 9.said 10.how
【导语】本文介绍了第42届潍坊国际风筝节上传统风筝制作与现代科技结合的新趋势,展示了科技如何提升而非取代传统工艺。
【详解】1.句意:但最令人兴奋的表演是一对机器人风筝,它们在空中完美地以“八”字形飞行,让人群欢呼雀跃。修饰名词show用形容词,此处修饰物用-ing结尾的形容词exciting“令人兴奋的”。故填exciting。
2.句意:但最令人兴奋的表演是一对机器人风筝,它们在空中完美地以“八”字形飞行,让人群欢呼雀跃。修饰动词cheer用副词happily“开心地”。故填happily。
3.句意:今年,传统的放风筝与现代技术相结合。根据“This year”可知此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,主语是“the traditional kite flying”,和谓语动词mix“混合”之间是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done,主语是单数,be动词用was。故填was mixed。
4.句意:活动现场的一位工程师说:“我们不仅仅是在等待风——我们可以利用技术让风筝自己飞起来!”。此处泛指“一名工程师”,engineer以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an,句首首字母大写。故填An。
5.句意:活动现场的一位工程师说:“我们不仅仅是在等待风——我们可以利用技术让风筝自己飞起来!”。by oneself“独自”,此处用反身代词themselves“它们自己”指代风筝。故填themselves。
6.句意:更重要的是,科技正在帮助让风筝变得更快更好。此处泛指“风筝”,用名词复数kites。故填kites。
7.句意:在当地的风筝制造工厂,机器可以在不浪费太多的情况下切割风筝布。根据“machines can cut the kite cloth...wasting much”可知是不浪费太多,without“没有”。故填without。
8.句意:共享风筝就像共享自行车一样,可以记录它们的飞行方式,并将其转化为美丽的艺术海报供人们在线分享。此处是作目的状语,用动词不定式。故填to share。
9.句意:正如一位老工人所说:“机器可以切割竹子,但我们仍然用手去感受。”。根据语境可知,这是老工人当时说的话,应用一般过去时,动词用过去式said“说”。故填said。
10.句意:这个节日为我们如何利用现代技术改进传统技能而不是取代它们树立了一个很好的榜样。根据“we can use modern technology to improve traditional skills instead of replacing them”可知是如何利用现代技术改进传统技能,用how引导宾语从句。故填how。
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