专题01 动词不定式、动词ing、it作形主、enough to do（暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材沪教版

专题01 动词不定式、动词ing、it作形主、enough+to do 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 动词不定式 1.不定式作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、状语等 2.省to不定式：make/let/have sb do； 3.感官动词see/watch/hear sb do/doing 辨析 4.疑问词+ to do（what/when/how to do） 1.语法选择、完形、语法填空结合语境辨析 to do/do/doing，摒弃机械记短语； 2.高频混考 remember/stop/try等to do与 doing 词义差异； 句型：It 作形式主语： It is + adj. + (for/of sb) +to do It takes/took+ some time+ to do 句型：adj.+enough+to do 1.语法填空考 it，区分 for/of 用法； 2.写作高分常用句型。 动词+ing 1.v-ing 作主语、宾语、宾补、表语等 2.介词后一律+ doing：be good at, look forward to, give up, spend…(in) doing 3.同一动词+doing与to do词义区别 4. v-ing和v-ed作形容词的区别 1.依托语境选词，弱化机械默写； 2.介词 to 后误用 to do 为高频易错坑； 3.混搭 to do、doing、done 综合辨析。 考情解码：非谓语、形式主语是语法填空、改错、单选、写作通用核心考点，命题从孤立短语识记转向语境辨析+句式活用，同一题干常混搭 to do/doing/ 形主三类考点；动词搭配趋向生活化、高频短语重复考查，写作中熟练运用可显著提分。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 动词不定式（to do） 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式：①充当主、宾、表、宾补、定语、状语；②掌握 make/let/ 感官动词省 to 结构及被动还原 to；③熟练疑问词 + to do 结构；④辨析 to do 与 doing 搭配差异。 基本结构 基本 形式 to + do（动词原形）;有时to可省略 My best friend and I offered to help. 我的好朋友和我提供帮助。 否定 形式 not + (to +) do My parents tell me not to swim alone. 父母告诫我不要独自游泳。 句法功能 功能 用法 例句 作主语 ①不定式作主语时，可置句首。 ②如果过长，可采用it作形式主语，不定式后置的结构。 To learn English well is important.  ＝ It is important to learn English well.  学好英语非常重要。 作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 They decided to visit the Great Wall.  他们决定参观长城。 作表语 常位于系动词（be/seem/appear）后。 His dream is to be an astronaut. 他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。 作宾语补足语 位于宾语后，补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。 The teacher asked us to turn off the lights.  老师让我们关掉灯。 作状语  一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 He opened the door for her to come in.(作目的状语) Paul is too excited to say anything.(作结果状语) I’m so glad to see you.(作原因状语) 注意①：常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词(短语) refuse 拒绝 decide 决定 would like 想要 fail 失败 want 想要 plan 计划 offer 提供 wish 希望 pretend 假装 hope 希望 forget 忘记 learn 学习 agree 同意 need 需要 expect 期望 promise 承诺 afford 承担得起 manage 完成 prepare 准备 help 帮助 choose 选择 attempt 试图 happen 碰巧 volunteer 自愿 💡易错提醒：hope 只有 hope to do，无 hope sb. to do。 注意②：常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词 allow允许 order命令 teach教 warn警告 ask要求 remind 提醒 tell告诉 encourage鼓励 invite邀请 want想要 advise建议 expect期望 wish希望 force强迫 would like想要 【易错考点】省略to的不定式 用法 例句 ①在感官动词及使役动词作宾语补足语时，后接不带to的动词不定式，但被动语态中，需要还原to。 一感： feel 二听： listen to，hear 三让： let，have，make 四看： watch，see，observe，notice 我看见他在图书馆看书。 I see him read in the library. (主动语态) →He is seen to read in the library.(被动语态) ②why (not)...后省略to的情况。 Why not ask the teacher?为什么不问问老师? ③在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的动词不定式可以省略to。 I helped him (to) repair his bike.我帮他修自行车。 ④ had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事 You had better have a rest.你最好休息一下。 【典例破题】 1．Many people exercise every morning ________ healthy all the year round. A．stay B．staying C．to stay D．stayed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多人每天早晨锻炼为了全年保持健康。 根据“Many people exercise every morning...healthy”可知，锻炼的目的是为了保持健康，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。应填to stay。 2．Growing up makes me ________ more independent and responsible. A．becoming B．to become C．become D．became 【答案】C 【详解】句意：成长使我变得更加独立和有责任感。 make sb. do sth.为固定搭配，意为“使某人做某事”，后接动词原形作宾语补足语。故填become。 3．My parents are strict with me and they don’t allow me ________ out late on school nights. A．stay B．staying C．to stay D．stayed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的父母对我很严格，他们不允许我在上学的晚上待在外面很晚。 根据“allow me”可知，allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，因此此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。应填to stay。 4．—It’s dangerous to swim in this river. —Yes, you are right. The government has warned people ________ in it. A．swimming B．to swim C．not to swim D．not swimming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在这条河里游泳很危险。——是的，你说得对。政府已经警告人们不要在里面游泳。   根据“It’s dangerous to swim in this river”可知，河里游泳很危险，因此政府应是警告人们“不要”在里面游泳。warn sb. (not) to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“警告某人（不要）做某事”，此处应用否定形式not to swim。 5.We have walked for two hours. Let's stop ________. A. rest B. resting C. to rest D. rests 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查stop的固定搭配。stop doing sth.意为 “停止正在做的事”；stop to do sth.意为 “停下当前事，去做另一件事”。结合句意，此处指停下走路，开始休息，应用stop to rest。A、D 形式错误，B 语义不符，故选 C。 【命题解读】 本组试题围绕动词不定式核心考点命题，考查不定式作目的状语，以及make/allow/warn等动词后接不定式、动词原形的固定搭配，是英语非谓语动词的基础高频考点，侧重句式结构与固定用法的运用。 【易错警示】 1.表动作目的，要用 to do，易误选现在分词 / 动词原形。 2.make sb. do sth. 后接动词原形，切勿多加 to。 3.allow/warn sb. to do sth. 必须带 to，不可用动词原形；否定形式为 (not) to do，易错用 not doing/ don’t do。 4.区分 stop doing（停下手头事）和 stop to do（停下转做另一件事），避免语义混淆。 【巩固提升1】 1．My parents often advise me ________ more books to open my mind. A．read B．reading C．to read D．reads 【巩固提升2】 The actor used to make jokes on himself to make people ________ in his movies. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 【巩固提升3】 —Our teacher has recommended these good reads. Have you decided ________ first? —Yes. Gulliver’s Travels. A．how to read B．which to read C．when to read D．what to read 【巩固提升4】 My mother told me ________ too much junk food because it’s bad for my health. A．not eat B．not to eat C．don’t eat D．to not eat 【巩固提升5】 Kangkang is good at painting. I expected him _________ the first prize. A．win B．wins C．to win D．winning 知识点二 it 作形式主语、enough to do 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用 it 作形式主语：①It is+adj.+for sb to do（描述事物属性）；②It is+adj.+of sb to do（描述人物品格）；③牢记 It takes sb + 时间 + to do 固定句型。 当动词不定式to do在句子中作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。it作形式主语时没有词义。常见句型如下： It is + 形容词 + for sb. +to do sth. 对于某人来说，……是……的 （当形容词修饰动词或动词短语时，介词用for，如important, easy, difficult, necessary, dangerous, interesting, possible等） It is important for us to protect nature. 对于我们来说，保护大自然是重要的。 It is not easy for many species to survive. 对于很多物种来说，生存并不容易。 It is + 形容词 + of sb.+ to do sth. 某人做某事是……的 （当形容词修饰人物特征或品质时，介词用of，如kind,cruel, wrong, right, helpful, clever, foolish, polite, careful, wise等） It is cruel of them to kill animals in danger. 他们杀害濒危动物是残忍的。 It is kind of them to help! 他们来帮忙是很善良的。 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费某些时间去做某事 It took me three days to finish the work. 我花费了3天时间去完成这项工作。 拓展 有时也用it作形式主语，而把动名词后置。 It is + 名词 (no use/no good) + doing sth.（固定句型，后接动名词，不接不定式） It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。（谚语，经典必考句） It is no use arguing with him. He won’t listen.和他争吵没有用，他不会听的。 形容词/副词+ enough + to do sth. 形容词+ enough to do sth. 表示 “足够……去做某事” The elephant is strong enough to walk. 这大象足够强壮去行走。 否定形式为:not +形容词+enough+ to do，可与too...to...互换 The elephant is not strong enough to walk. = The elephant is too weak to walk. 这大象不足够强壮去行走。 副词+ enough to do sth. 表示 “足够……去做某事” She sings well enough to win the competition. 她唱得足够好，赢得了比赛。 【典例破题】 1．—A highway to Yumen will be put into use soon. —What great news! It will take me less time ________ back home. A．go B．to go C．going D．to going 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——一条通往玉门的高速公路即将投入使用。——多好的消息啊！这将花费我更少的时间回家。 根据“It will take me less time”，此处为“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”句型，意为“做某事花费某人……时间”，故空格处应为动词不定式to go。 2．Please read the article ________ to find the information you need. A．enough carefully B．careful enough C．carefully enough D．enough careful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请足够认真地阅读这篇文章，以找到你需要的信息。 enough足够地，修饰形容词或副词时，应放在其后，所以排除A和D选项；careful仔细的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词。此空修饰动词read，应用副词carefully，应填carefully enough。 3．After receiving standard moral education, most teenagers are careful enough _________ good habits of polite behavior in daily life. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在接受了标准的道德教育后，大多数青少年足够细心，去学习日常生活中礼貌行为的良好习惯。 根据“careful enough”可知，此处是固定结构“adj.+enough+to do sth.”，意为“足够……去做某事”，enough修饰形容词后接动词不定式。应填to learn。 4．—It is convenient ________ us ________ things online. —So it is. A．for; to buy B．of; to buy C．for; buy D．of; bought 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——对我们来说在网上买东西很方便。——确实如此。 考查介词和it固定句型。 for对于；of属于。根据“It is convenient ... us ... things online.”可知，此处考查句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……”，“It is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.”，意为“某人做某事是……”，此处指网上买东西这件事是方便的，所以第一空填for，第二空填to buy。故选A。 【命题解读】 1.重点考查四大经典句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth.、adj./adv.+enough to do sth.、It is + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth.，均要求后接动词不定式，是语法填空、单项选择的高频命题点。 2.结合enough的位置规则、形容词与副词的句法功能设题，区分修饰动词用副词、修饰名词 / 作表语用形容词的基础语法。 3.区分It is + adj. + for sb. to do与It is + adj. + of sb. to do两大易混句型，侧重考查形容词语义与介词的搭配逻辑。 【易错警示】 1.固定句型：It takes...、...enough、It is... 三类句式后都要用 to do 不定式。 2.enough 用法：修饰形容词、副词时放在后面；修饰动词必须用副词。 3.for/of 区分：形容词描述事情用 for；描述人品用 of。 4.做题时先判断句子结构与词性，再结合固定规则排除干扰项，避免凭语感答题。 【巩固提升1】 After years of training and practice, she became ________ to compete with each player and win honor for her country. A．strong enough B．enough strong C．too strong D．too weak 【巩固提升2】 It’s meaningful ________ us teenagers to learn traditional folk culture of our hometown Suqian. A．for B．of C．to D．with 【巩固提升3】 I find it important ________ with numbers when I study maths. A．dealing B．deal C．to deal D．dealt 【巩固提升4】 He doesn't play basketball ________, though he likes it. 知识点二 动词-ing 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动名词 / 现在分词：①作主语，谓语动词用单数；②置于固定动词、介词后作宾语；③作定语修饰名词；④作伴随状语；⑤区分 - ing（修饰事物）与 - ed（修饰人）形容词用法。 成分 用法 例句 作主语 动名词作主语一般表示习惯性、经常性的动作。动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。 Eating too much junk food is bad for your health. 吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。 宾语 ①动名词既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。 I like listening to English songs. 我喜欢听英文歌。 Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。 ②动名词作宾语时，若后接宾语补足语，常用形式宾语it。常用句型： It’s no use/no good/no point doing sth. 做某事没有用、没好处... Lily felt it no use arguing with him about the matter. 莉莉觉得和他争论这件事没有用。 作表语 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。 His hobby is planting flowers. =Planting flowers is his hobby.他的业余爱好是种花。 作宾补 感官动词 see/watch/hear/find/notice + sb doing，强调动作正在发生（中考高频辨析：doing 表进行，do 表全过程） I heard her singing in the next room.我听见她正在唱歌。 注意①：只接doing作宾语的动词（不加to do） avoid避免 consider考虑 mind介意 finish完成 imagine想象 suggest建议 enjoy喜欢 keep坚持 practice练习 miss 错过 admit 承认、deny 否认 escape 逃避 💡易错提醒：无suggest sb. to do 注意②：后接动名词作宾语的常考短语 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 pay attention to doing 留意做某事 devote.. to doing 致力于做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事很感兴趣 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 thank you for doing sth.感谢你做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 can't/couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 have+(no)problem/difficulty/trouble (in)doing sth.做某事(没)有困难 注意③：既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语 stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 sth.need doing 某事需要被做 =need to be done sb. need to do sth.需要去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 continue doing sth.继续做同一件事 continue to do sth.继续做另一件事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do sth.记得去做某事 【易错考点】V-ed& V-ing 作形容词的区别 ving（现在分词形容词） ved（过去分词形容词） 修饰对象 事物、事件（客观属性：令人…… 的） 人/表情/神态（主观感受：感到…… 的） 翻译逻辑 令人…… 的 感到…… 的 常用单词 exciting, surprising, interesting, boring, relaxing, tiring,frightening... excited, surprised, interested, bored, relaxed, tired,frightened... 例句 This game is exciting. 这个游戏令人兴奋。 I feel excited. 我感到兴奋。 【典例破题】 1．We should practise ________ English as much as possible so that we can speak it better. A．speak B．speaking C．to speak D．speaks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该尽可能多地练习说英语，这样我们才能说得更好。 “practise doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”，所以此处应该用动名词形式。应填speaking。 2．Tom spent as much free time as he could ________ novels in the library after school to improve his reading skills. A．read B．reading C．to read D．to reading 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了提高阅读技能，汤姆放学后在图书馆尽可能多地花时间读小说。 固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，介词in常省略，后接动词-ing 形式。应填reading。 3．My grandfather used to ________ in that small village, but now he is used to ________ in the city. A．live; live B．living; living C．live; living D．living; live 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我爷爷过去住在那个小村庄，但现在他习惯于住在城市里。 used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形；be used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”，后接动名词。第一空根据used to可知填动词原形live，第二空根据is used to可知填动名词living。应填入live；living。 4. The story is very ________. All the children are ________ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested 答案：A 详解：第一空修饰名词 story（故事，属于事物），需用 interesting，意为 “令人有趣的”；第二空描述主语 all the children（孩子们，指人）的主观感受，需用 interested，意为 “感到感兴趣的”。综上选 A。 5．That film is very good, and it is well worth ________ again and again. A．seeing B．being seen C．to see D．to be seen 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那部电影非常好，值得反复观看。 固定短语be worth doing sth. 意为“值得做某事”，此处用动名词主动形式表示被动意义，应填seeing。 【命题解读】 本部分聚焦中考高频考点，主要考查非谓语动词固定搭配和分词形容词辨析。涵盖 practise、spend、be used to、be worth 等经典短语用法，以及 -ing/-ed 形容词的语义与修饰对象区别，侧重考查短语识记、动词形式选用和词汇辨析能力。 【易错警示】 1.固定搭配后接 doing：practise、spend、be worth 后均用动名词；be worth doing 主动形式表被动含义。 2.used to + 动词原形（过去常做）；be used to + doing（习惯于做），区分 to 的不同用法。 3.-ing 形容词修饰事物，表 “令人…… 的”；-ed 形容词修饰人，表 “感到…… 的”。 【巩固提升1】 The students never mind ________ hours in the community garden on weekends. A．spend B．spends C．spending D．to spend 【巩固提升2】 The room is too dirty. It needs ________. A．clean B．to clean C．cleaning D．cleaned 【巩固提升3】 When we learn English, we must pay attention to ________ (pronounce) the words correctly. 【巩固提升4】 Some educators suggest ________ kids’ grammar knowledge at an early age, while others don’t. A．teaching B．teach C．to teach D．taught 一、单项选择 1．The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 2．“ClimateGPT” is used ________ people with a good understanding of weather conditions. A．provides B．providing C．provided D．to provide 3．It is necessary for us ________ enough sleep every night. A．get B．getting C．to get D．got 4．— Would you like _________ to the library with me? — Yes, I’d love to. Let me _________ a list first. A．going; make B．to go; to make C．to go; make D．going; to make 5．—I don’t know how to spend my weekend. —Why not ________ around the Hao River? Our city is well worth ________. A．ride; visit B．riding; visiting C．to ride; to visit D．ride; visiting 6．After lunch, the kids offered ________ the dishes so that their parents could have a good rest. A．wash B．washed C．washing D．to wash 7．I heard my mother ________ that strong roots make strong plants yesterday. A．say B．to say C．said D．saying 8．He is considering ________ an Environment Day in the class. A．to organize B．organizing C．organize D．organized 9.Don't be ________. The movie is not ________ at all. A. frightened; frightening B. frightening; frightened C. frightened; frightened D. frightening; frightening 10．The scientist devoted most of his life to ________ the secrets of the deep sea, even though it was a hard job. A．explore B．exploring C．explored D．explores 二、单句语法填空 1．Our English teacher asks us ________ (read) English every day. 2．As a result, many young people were often seen ________ (hit) the books day and night. 3．Our team refused ________ (beat) the other team in a dishonest way. 4．My parents always warn me not ________ (stay) up late. 5．Go and have a good sleep, baby. Let me __________ (worry) about these things. 6．A book review can often tell me whether a book is worth ________ (read) or not. 7．As for me, I usually practice ________ (play) badminton to keep fit. 8．— Lily, I have difficulty __________ (read) comic strips in English. — Don’t worry. Let’s read some together. 9．Stop ________ (lie)! I shall never believe you again. 10．You’d better avoid ________ (make) such a mistake again in our daily life. 11．The young should do meaningful things instead of ________ with phones all day. (play) 12．My teacher suggested ________ (choose) some classic books to read. 13．It is not easy for wild animals ________ (survive) in cold winter. 14．It takes us about two hours ________(climb) to the top of this mountain. 15．________ (eat) too much sugar is bad for your health. 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 Florence Nightingale was the first great nurse in the world. She was born when her parents 1 Florence in Italy on May 12, 1820. That is why 2 was named after the city. From an early age, Florence showed her kindness to those in need and did everything 3 them. As Florence grew older, she dreamt of becoming 4 nurse. Not many people supported her dream 5 nursing was not seen as a respectable job at that time. What’s more, 6 nurses were trained in her country. However, she didn’t give up. In 1850, Florence went abroad and got trained in Germany to be a nurse. In 1854, Britain was at war with 7 country. Many soldiers died in hospital because of hygiene (卫生) problems. Hearing this, Florence set off with some nurses to help. At first, the doctors didn’t want women’s help, but Florence chose to stay. She asked the nurses to take care of the soldiers and clean the hospitals 8 than before. She also made people 9 the importance of hand-washing. “Every nurse 10 wash hands before caring for patients,” she strongly suggested. At night, Florence checked on every patient with a lamp before bedtime, so she 11 “Lady with the Lamp” by soldiers. Florence’s kind act made her 12 popular that even Queen Victoria wanted to meet her. But 13 a skillful nurse herself was not enough for her. 14 the Queen’s help, Florence worked very 15 to make the hospitals better. In 1860, she started a school for nurses. Soon more nursing schools were set up all over the world. Florence’s dream came true finally. 1．A．have visited B．visit C．would visit D．were visiting 2．A．her B．she C．hers D．herself 3．A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 4．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．A．because of B．but C．so D．because 6．A．few B．little C．many D．much 7．A．another B．other C．others D．the other 8．A．careful B．carefully C．more carefully D．most carefully 9．A．realize B．to realize C．realizing D．realized 10．A．may B．could C．must D．can 11．A．called B．was called C．will be called D．was calling 12．A．so B．such C．very D．too 13．A．be B．have been C．being D．been 14．A．In B．At C．With D．About 15．A．hardly B．hard C．harder D．hardest 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。（共10小题，每小题1分） This Labour Day holiday, I went to Hunan with my family. The place I loved most was Zhangjiajie. It was like 1 dream come true. I had seen pictures online, but seeing it with 2 (I) own eyes was even better. The mountains were very high and green. They looked like they touched the sky! I kept 3 (look) up and almost forgot to walk. We hiked up a big mountain on the first day. I was hot and tired, and my legs hurt. I even said, “Can we go back now?” But my dad 4 (smile) and said, “Wait until you reach the top.” He was right! The sunrise at the top was amazing. Everything turned gold, and the clouds looked like waves. If I hadn’t reached the top, it would have been impossible 5 (see) these wonderful views. On the 6 (two) day, we rode the Bailong Elevator. It goes straight up the mountainside, and it’s made of glass! 7 first, I was really afraid. But when I opened my eyes, I saw the whole forest below. It felt like I was flying and I gradually became 8 (relax). Nature is the most magical and outstanding 9 (art). It creates the beauty that touches our hearts. This trip made me feel closer to nature. 10 the trip was tiring and hard, I still kept many unforgettable moments in my heart. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 动词不定式、动词ing、it作形主、enough+to do 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 动词不定式 1.不定式作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、状语等 2.省to不定式：make/let/have sb do； 3.感官动词see/watch/hear sb do/doing 辨析 4.疑问词+ to do（what/when/how to do） 1.语法选择、完形、语法填空结合语境辨析 to do/do/doing，摒弃机械记短语； 2.高频混考 remember/stop/try等to do与 doing 词义差异； 句型：It 作形式主语： It is + adj. + (for/of sb) +to do It takes/took+ some time+ to do 句型：adj.+enough+to do 1.语法填空考 it，区分 for/of 用法； 2.写作高分常用句型。 动词+ing 1.v-ing 作主语、宾语、宾补、表语等 2.介词后一律+ doing：be good at, look forward to, give up, spend…(in) doing 3.同一动词+doing与to do词义区别 4. v-ing和v-ed作形容词的区别 1.依托语境选词，弱化机械默写； 2.介词 to 后误用 to do 为高频易错坑； 3.混搭 to do、doing、done 综合辨析。 考情解码：非谓语、形式主语是语法填空、改错、单选、写作通用核心考点，命题从孤立短语识记转向语境辨析+句式活用，同一题干常混搭 to do/doing/ 形主三类考点；动词搭配趋向生活化、高频短语重复考查，写作中熟练运用可显著提分。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 动词不定式（to do） 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式：①充当主、宾、表、宾补、定语、状语；②掌握 make/let/ 感官动词省 to 结构及被动还原 to；③熟练疑问词 + to do 结构；④辨析 to do 与 doing 搭配差异。 基本结构 基本 形式 to + do（动词原形）;有时to可省略 My best friend and I offered to help. 我的好朋友和我提供帮助。 否定 形式 not + (to +) do My parents tell me not to swim alone. 父母告诫我不要独自游泳。 句法功能 功能 用法 例句 作主语 ①不定式作主语时，可置句首。 ②如果过长，可采用it作形式主语，不定式后置的结构。 To learn English well is important.  ＝ It is important to learn English well.  学好英语非常重要。 作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 They decided to visit the Great Wall.  他们决定参观长城。 作表语 常位于系动词（be/seem/appear）后。 His dream is to be an astronaut. 他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。 作宾语补足语 位于宾语后，补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。 The teacher asked us to turn off the lights.  老师让我们关掉灯。 作状语  一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 He opened the door for her to come in.(作目的状语) Paul is too excited to say anything.(作结果状语) I’m so glad to see you.(作原因状语) 注意①：常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词(短语) refuse 拒绝 decide 决定 would like 想要 fail 失败 want 想要 plan 计划 offer 提供 wish 希望 pretend 假装 hope 希望 forget 忘记 learn 学习 agree 同意 need 需要 expect 期望 promise 承诺 afford 承担得起 manage 完成 prepare 准备 help 帮助 choose 选择 attempt 试图 happen 碰巧 volunteer 自愿 💡易错提醒：hope 只有 hope to do，无 hope sb. to do。 注意②：常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词 allow允许 order命令 teach教 warn警告 ask要求 remind 提醒 tell告诉 encourage鼓励 invite邀请 want想要 advise建议 expect期望 wish希望 force强迫 would like想要 【易错考点】省略to的不定式 用法 例句 ①在感官动词及使役动词作宾语补足语时，后接不带to的动词不定式，但被动语态中，需要还原to。 一感： feel 二听： listen to，hear 三让： let，have，make 四看： watch，see，observe，notice 我看见他在图书馆看书。 I see him read in the library. (主动语态) →He is seen to read in the library.(被动语态) ②why (not)...后省略to的情况。 Why not ask the teacher?为什么不问问老师? ③在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的动词不定式可以省略to。 I helped him (to) repair his bike.我帮他修自行车。 ④ had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事 You had better have a rest.你最好休息一下。 【典例破题】 1．Many people exercise every morning ________ healthy all the year round. A．stay B．staying C．to stay D．stayed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多人每天早晨锻炼为了全年保持健康。 根据“Many people exercise every morning...healthy”可知，锻炼的目的是为了保持健康，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。应填to stay。 2．Growing up makes me ________ more independent and responsible. A．becoming B．to become C．become D．became 【答案】C 【详解】句意：成长使我变得更加独立和有责任感。 make sb. do sth.为固定搭配，意为“使某人做某事”，后接动词原形作宾语补足语。故填become。 3．My parents are strict with me and they don’t allow me ________ out late on school nights. A．stay B．staying C．to stay D．stayed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的父母对我很严格，他们不允许我在上学的晚上待在外面很晚。 根据“allow me”可知，allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，因此此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。应填to stay。 4．—It’s dangerous to swim in this river. —Yes, you are right. The government has warned people ________ in it. A．swimming B．to swim C．not to swim D．not swimming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在这条河里游泳很危险。——是的，你说得对。政府已经警告人们不要在里面游泳。   根据“It’s dangerous to swim in this river”可知，河里游泳很危险，因此政府应是警告人们“不要”在里面游泳。warn sb. (not) to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“警告某人（不要）做某事”，此处应用否定形式not to swim。 5.We have walked for two hours. Let's stop ________. A. rest B. resting C. to rest D. rests 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查stop的固定搭配。stop doing sth.意为 “停止正在做的事”；stop to do sth.意为 “停下当前事，去做另一件事”。结合句意，此处指停下走路，开始休息，应用stop to rest。A、D 形式错误，B 语义不符，故选 C。 【命题解读】 本组试题围绕动词不定式核心考点命题，考查不定式作目的状语，以及make/allow/warn等动词后接不定式、动词原形的固定搭配，是英语非谓语动词的基础高频考点，侧重句式结构与固定用法的运用。 【易错警示】 1.表动作目的，要用 to do，易误选现在分词 / 动词原形。 2.make sb. do sth. 后接动词原形，切勿多加 to。 3.allow/warn sb. to do sth. 必须带 to，不可用动词原形；否定形式为 (not) to do，易错用 not doing/ don’t do。 4.区分 stop doing（停下手头事）和 stop to do（停下转做另一件事），避免语义混淆。 【巩固提升1】 1．My parents often advise me ________ more books to open my mind. A．read B．reading C．to read D．reads 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的父母经常建议我多读书来开阔我的眼界。   根据固定搭配“advise sb. to do sth.”（建议某人做某事）可知，advise后接宾语me，再接动词不定式to do作宾语补足语，因此此处应填to read。 【巩固提升2】 The actor used to make jokes on himself to make people ________ in his movies. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位演员过去常常在他的电影中拿自己开玩笑，让人们发笑。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，make为使役动词，此处应用省略to的不定式，作宾补。故选A。 【巩固提升3】 —Our teacher has recommended these good reads. Have you decided ________ first? —Yes. Gulliver’s Travels. A．how to read B．which to read C．when to read D．what to read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们的老师推荐了这些好书。你决定先读哪一本了吗？——是的。《格列佛游记》。 how to read如何阅读；which to read阅读哪一本；when to read何时阅读；what to read阅读什么。根据答句“《格列佛游记》”可知，对方已选定了具体书目，因此问句强调“选择哪一本”，应填which to read。 【巩固提升4】 My mother told me ________ too much junk food because it’s bad for my health. A．not eat B．not to eat C．don’t eat D．to not eat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妈妈告诉我不要吃太多垃圾食品，因为那对我的健康有害。“tell sb. not to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。应填not to eat。 【巩固提升5】 Kangkang is good at painting. I expected him _________ the first prize. A．win B．wins C．to win D．winning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：康康擅长绘画。我期望他赢得一等奖。 win赢得，动词原形；wins赢得，动词的第三人称单数形式；to win赢得，动词不定式；winning赢得，现在分词或动名词。固定搭配expect sb. to do sth.意为“期望某人做某事”，此处需要使用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选to win。 知识点二 it 作形式主语、enough to do 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用 it 作形式主语：①It is+adj.+for sb to do（描述事物属性）；②It is+adj.+of sb to do（描述人物品格）；③牢记 It takes sb + 时间 + to do 固定句型。 当动词不定式to do在句子中作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。it作形式主语时没有词义。常见句型如下： It is + 形容词 + for sb. +to do sth. 对于某人来说，……是……的 （当形容词修饰动词或动词短语时，介词用for，如important, easy, difficult, necessary, dangerous, interesting, possible等） It is important for us to protect nature. 对于我们来说，保护大自然是重要的。 It is not easy for many species to survive. 对于很多物种来说，生存并不容易。 It is + 形容词 + of sb.+ to do sth. 某人做某事是……的 （当形容词修饰人物特征或品质时，介词用of，如kind,cruel, wrong, right, helpful, clever, foolish, polite, careful, wise等） It is cruel of them to kill animals in danger. 他们杀害濒危动物是残忍的。 It is kind of them to help! 他们来帮忙是很善良的。 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费某些时间去做某事 It took me three days to finish the work. 我花费了3天时间去完成这项工作。 拓展 有时也用it作形式主语，而把动名词后置。 It is + 名词 (no use/no good) + doing sth.（固定句型，后接动名词，不接不定式） It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。（谚语，经典必考句） It is no use arguing with him. He won’t listen.和他争吵没有用，他不会听的。 形容词/副词+ enough + to do sth. 形容词+ enough to do sth. 表示 “足够……去做某事” The elephant is strong enough to walk. 这大象足够强壮去行走。 否定形式为:not +形容词+enough+ to do，可与too...to...互换 The elephant is not strong enough to walk. = The elephant is too weak to walk. 这大象不足够强壮去行走。 副词+ enough to do sth. 表示 “足够……去做某事” She sings well enough to win the competition. 她唱得足够好，赢得了比赛。 【典例破题】 1．—A highway to Yumen will be put into use soon. —What great news! It will take me less time ________ back home. A．go B．to go C．going D．to going 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——一条通往玉门的高速公路即将投入使用。——多好的消息啊！这将花费我更少的时间回家。 根据“It will take me less time”，此处为“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”句型，意为“做某事花费某人……时间”，故空格处应为动词不定式to go。 2．Please read the article ________ to find the information you need. A．enough carefully B．careful enough C．carefully enough D．enough careful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请足够认真地阅读这篇文章，以找到你需要的信息。 enough足够地，修饰形容词或副词时，应放在其后，所以排除A和D选项；careful仔细的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词。此空修饰动词read，应用副词carefully，应填carefully enough。 3．After receiving standard moral education, most teenagers are careful enough _________ good habits of polite behavior in daily life. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在接受了标准的道德教育后，大多数青少年足够细心，去学习日常生活中礼貌行为的良好习惯。 根据“careful enough”可知，此处是固定结构“adj.+enough+to do sth.”，意为“足够……去做某事”，enough修饰形容词后接动词不定式。应填to learn。 4．—It is convenient ________ us ________ things online. —So it is. A．for; to buy B．of; to buy C．for; buy D．of; bought 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——对我们来说在网上买东西很方便。——确实如此。 考查介词和it固定句型。 for对于；of属于。根据“It is convenient ... us ... things online.”可知，此处考查句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……”，“It is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.”，意为“某人做某事是……”，此处指网上买东西这件事是方便的，所以第一空填for，第二空填to buy。故选A。 【命题解读】 1.重点考查四大经典句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth.、adj./adv.+enough to do sth.、It is + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth.，均要求后接动词不定式，是语法填空、单项选择的高频命题点。 2.结合enough的位置规则、形容词与副词的句法功能设题，区分修饰动词用副词、修饰名词 / 作表语用形容词的基础语法。 3.区分It is + adj. + for sb. to do与It is + adj. + of sb. to do两大易混句型，侧重考查形容词语义与介词的搭配逻辑。 【易错警示】 1.固定句型：It takes...、...enough、It is... 三类句式后都要用 to do 不定式。 2.enough 用法：修饰形容词、副词时放在后面；修饰动词必须用副词。 3.for/of 区分：形容词描述事情用 for；描述人品用 of。 4.做题时先判断句子结构与词性，再结合固定规则排除干扰项，避免凭语感答题。 【巩固提升1】 After years of training and practice, she became ________ to compete with each player and win honor for her country. A．strong enough B．enough strong C．too strong D．too weak 【答案】A 【详解】句意：经过多年的训练和练习，她变得足够强大，能够与每位选手竞争并为国家赢得荣誉。 根据“After years of training and practice”和“win honor for her country”可知，这里指她变得足够强大能够与每位选手竞争，enough修饰形容词要后置，即strong enough；too…to…表示“太……而不能……”，不符合语境。 【巩固提升2】 It’s meaningful ________ us teenagers to learn traditional folk culture of our hometown Suqian. A．for B．of C．to D．with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：学习宿迁的传统民俗文化对我们青少年来说是有意义的。 for对于；of……的；to向；with具有。句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。当形容词是meaningful；important；necessary等表示事物性质的词时，介词用for；当形容词是kind；nice；clever等表示人的品质的词时，介词用of。meaningful是描述事物的意义，所以用for。 【巩固提升3】 I find it important ________ with numbers when I study maths. A．dealing B．deal C．to deal D．dealt 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我发现学习数学时处理数字很重要。 根据固定句型“find it+adj.+to do sth.”可知，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式，所以应用to deal。 【巩固提升4】 He doesn't play basketball ________, though he likes it. A. good enough B. well enough C. enough good D. enough well 答案：B 详解：修饰动词 play 要用副词 well，排除形容词 good 对应的 A、C；enough 后置，排除 D。 知识点二 动词-ing 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动名词 / 现在分词：①作主语，谓语动词用单数；②置于固定动词、介词后作宾语；③作定语修饰名词；④作伴随状语；⑤区分 - ing（修饰事物）与 - ed（修饰人）形容词用法。 成分 用法 例句 作主语 动名词作主语一般表示习惯性、经常性的动作。动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。 Eating too much junk food is bad for your health. 吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。 宾语 ①动名词既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。 I like listening to English songs. 我喜欢听英文歌。 Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。 ②动名词作宾语时，若后接宾语补足语，常用形式宾语it。常用句型： It’s no use/no good/no point doing sth. 做某事没有用、没好处... Lily felt it no use arguing with him about the matter. 莉莉觉得和他争论这件事没有用。 作表语 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。 His hobby is planting flowers. =Planting flowers is his hobby.他的业余爱好是种花。 作宾补 感官动词 see/watch/hear/find/notice + sb doing，强调动作正在发生（中考高频辨析：doing 表进行，do 表全过程） I heard her singing in the next room.我听见她正在唱歌。 注意①：只接doing作宾语的动词（不加to do） avoid避免 consider考虑 mind介意 finish完成 imagine想象 suggest建议 enjoy喜欢 keep坚持 practice练习 miss 错过 admit 承认、deny 否认 escape 逃避 💡易错提醒：无suggest sb. to do 注意②：后接动名词作宾语的常考短语 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 pay attention to doing 留意做某事 devote.. to doing 致力于做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事很感兴趣 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 thank you for doing sth.感谢你做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 can't/couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 have+(no)problem/difficulty/trouble (in)doing sth.做某事(没)有困难 注意③：既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语 stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 sth.need doing 某事需要被做 =need to be done sb. need to do sth.需要去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 continue doing sth.继续做同一件事 continue to do sth.继续做另一件事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do sth.记得去做某事 【易错考点】V-ed& V-ing 作形容词的区别 ving（现在分词形容词） ved（过去分词形容词） 修饰对象 事物、事件（客观属性：令人…… 的） 人/表情/神态（主观感受：感到…… 的） 翻译逻辑 令人…… 的 感到…… 的 常用单词 exciting, surprising, interesting, boring, relaxing, tiring,frightening... excited, surprised, interested, bored, relaxed, tired,frightened... 例句 This game is exciting. 这个游戏令人兴奋。 I feel excited. 我感到兴奋。 【典例破题】 1．We should practise ________ English as much as possible so that we can speak it better. A．speak B．speaking C．to speak D．speaks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该尽可能多地练习说英语，这样我们才能说得更好。 “practise doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”，所以此处应该用动名词形式。应填speaking。 2．Tom spent as much free time as he could ________ novels in the library after school to improve his reading skills. A．read B．reading C．to read D．to reading 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了提高阅读技能，汤姆放学后在图书馆尽可能多地花时间读小说。 固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，介词in常省略，后接动词-ing 形式。应填reading。 3．My grandfather used to ________ in that small village, but now he is used to ________ in the city. A．live; live B．living; living C．live; living D．living; live 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我爷爷过去住在那个小村庄，但现在他习惯于住在城市里。 used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形；be used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”，后接动名词。第一空根据used to可知填动词原形live，第二空根据is used to可知填动名词living。应填入live；living。 4. The story is very ________. All the children are ________ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested 答案：A 详解：第一空修饰名词 story（故事，属于事物），需用 interesting，意为 “令人有趣的”；第二空描述主语 all the children（孩子们，指人）的主观感受，需用 interested，意为 “感到感兴趣的”。综上选 A。 5．That film is very good, and it is well worth ________ again and again. A．seeing B．being seen C．to see D．to be seen 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那部电影非常好，值得反复观看。 固定短语be worth doing sth. 意为“值得做某事”，此处用动名词主动形式表示被动意义，应填seeing。 【命题解读】 本部分聚焦中考高频考点，主要考查非谓语动词固定搭配和分词形容词辨析。涵盖 practise、spend、be used to、be worth 等经典短语用法，以及 -ing/-ed 形容词的语义与修饰对象区别，侧重考查短语识记、动词形式选用和词汇辨析能力。 【易错警示】 1.固定搭配后接 doing：practise、spend、be worth 后均用动名词；be worth doing 主动形式表被动含义。 2.used to + 动词原形（过去常做）；be used to + doing（习惯于做），区分 to 的不同用法。 3.-ing 形容词修饰事物，表 “令人…… 的”；-ed 形容词修饰人，表 “感到…… 的”。 【巩固提升1】 The students never mind ________ hours in the community garden on weekends. A．spend B．spends C．spending D．to spend 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学生们从不介意周末在社区花园里花上几个小时。 mind doing sth. 是固定搭配，表示“介意做某事”，此处需用动名词形式。 【巩固提升2】 The room is too dirty. It needs ________. A．clean B．to clean C．cleaning D．cleaned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个房间太脏了。它需要被打扫。 主语It指代前文的The room，与clean是被动关系。need作实义动词且主语为物时，后接动名词doing的主动形式表达被动含义，应填cleaning。 【巩固提升3】 When we learn English, we must pay attention to ________ (pronounce) the words correctly. 【答案】pronouncing 【详解】句意：当我们学习英语时，我们一定要注意单词正确的发音。pay attention to doing sth“注意做某事”，to是介词，其后接动名词作宾语。故填pronouncing。 【巩固提升4】 Some educators suggest ________ kids’ grammar knowledge at an early age, while others don’t. A．teaching B．teach C．to teach D．taught 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一些教育工作者建议在孩子幼年时期教授语法知识，但另一些人不赞同。 suggest doing something“建议做某事”，后必须接动名词（doing）作宾语，不能接to do。suggest teaching“建议教授”，故选A。没有suggest to do和suggest do的用法，排除 B、C；taught是过去分词，不符合suggest搭配，排除D。 一、单项选择 1．The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 【答案】B 【详解】句意：政府正在制定新计划以保护古建筑。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The government is developing new plans...ancient buildings.”可知，制定新计划是为了保护古建筑，故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故空格处需用to protect。故选B。 2．“ClimateGPT” is used ________ people with a good understanding of weather conditions. A．provides B．providing C．provided D．to provide 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“ClimateGPT”用于让人们很好地了解天气状况。 考查动词短语。此处表示“被用来让人们很好地了解天气状况”，用结构be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。故选D。 3．It is necessary for us ________ enough sleep every night. A．get B．getting C．to get D．got 【答案】C 【详解】句意：对我们来说，每晚保证充足的睡眠是必要的。 本句是It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.结构，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。空格处应填入to get作真正主语。 4．— Would you like _________ to the library with me? — Yes, I’d love to. Let me _________ a list first. A．going; make B．to go; to make C．to go; make D．going; to make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你愿意和我一起去图书馆吗？——是的，我愿意。让我先列一个清单。 第一空：固定搭配would like to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，后接动词不定式，因此用to go，排除A、D； 第二空：使役动词let后接动词原形作宾语补足语，构成let sb. do sth.结构，因此用make，排除B。 5．—I don’t know how to spend my weekend. —Why not ________ around the Hao River? Our city is well worth ________. A．ride; visit B．riding; visiting C．to ride; to visit D．ride; visiting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我不知道怎么过周末。——为什么不骑车绕濠河一圈？我们的城市非常值得一游。 Why not do sth.?“为什么不做某事呢？”，是固定句型；be well worth doing sth.“非常值得做某事”，是固定搭配。故填ride；visiting。 6．After lunch, the kids offered ________ the dishes so that their parents could have a good rest. A．wash B．washed C．washing D．to wash 【答案】D 【详解】句意：午饭后，孩子们提出洗碗，以便他们的父母能好好休息。 offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”，空格处应用动词不定式作宾语。应填to wash。 7．I heard my mother ________ that strong roots make strong plants yesterday. A．say B．to say C．said D．saying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨天我听到我母亲说强壮的根能长出强壮的植物。 考查非谓语动词。say说（动词原形）；to say说（不定式）；said说（过去式）；saying说（现在分词）。在感官动词hear后接宾语补足语时，主动语态下非谓语动词需用省略to的动词不定式形式，即用动词原形来表示动作全过程，或用现在分词来表示动作正在进行。根据“that strong roots make strong plants”可知，听到的是这一完整动作，应用动词原形say。故选A。 8．He is considering ________ an Environment Day in the class. A．to organize B．organizing C．organize D．organized 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他正在考虑在班级里组织一个环境日。 to organize是不定式形式；organizing是动名词形式；organize是动词原形；organized是过去式形式。consider意为“考虑”，后接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配“consider doing sth.”，意为“考虑做某事”。故填organizing。 9.Don't be ________. The movie is not ________ at all. A. frightened; frightening B. frightening; frightened C. frightened; frightened D. frightening; frightening 【答案】A 【详解】第一空为祈使句，劝说人不要害怕，修饰人用 frightened，意为 “感到害怕的”；第二空修饰 movie（电影，事物），形容电影 “吓人的”，用 frightening。综上选 A。 10．The scientist devoted most of his life to ________ the secrets of the deep sea, even though it was a hard job. A．explore B．exploring C．explored D．explores 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位科学家把他大部分的生命都奉献给了探索深海的秘密，尽管这是一项艰难的工作。 固定搭配devote...to...意为“把……奉献给……”，其中to是介词，后接动名词形式，devote one’s life to doing sth.是常用结构，意为“献身于做某事”。 二、单句语法填空 1．Our English teacher asks us ________ (read) English every day. 【答案】to read 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师要求我们每天读英语。句中“asks us”后接动词时，固定搭配为ask sb. to do sth.，意为“要求某人做某事”。动词read需用不定式形式to read。 2．As a result, many young people were often seen ________ (hit) the books day and night. 【答案】to hit 【详解】句意：因此，人们经常看到许多年轻人日夜用功苦读。主动语态中，see的常用结构是see sb. do sth.“看见某人做某事”，用来描述经常性动作/动作全过程，此时作宾语补足语的不定式会省略to。当see变为被动语态时，原本省略的不定式符号to必须还原，结构为sb. be seen to do sth.；本题是被动结构“were often seen”，故填动词不定式to hit。 3．Our team refused ________ (beat) the other team in a dishonest way. 【答案】to beat 【详解】句意：我们队拒绝用不光彩的方式击败另一支队伍。 动词refuse的固定用法是refuse to do sth.，意为 “拒绝做某事”，因此此处需要填入动词不定式形式，即to beat。 4．My parents always warn me not ________ (stay) up late. 【答案】to stay 【详解】句意：我的父母总是警告我不要熬夜。warn sb. not to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“警告某人不要做某事”，此处应使用动词不定式形式，故填to stay。 5．Go and have a good sleep, baby. Let me __________ (worry) about these things. 【答案】worry 【详解】句意：去睡个好觉吧，宝贝。让我来担心这些事。let sb (not) do sth“让某人（不）要做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾补，根据“Go and have a good sleep, baby”可知，此处指让说话对象去睡个好觉，我来担心这些事，故填worry。 6．A book review can often tell me whether a book is worth ________ (read) or not. 【答案】reading 【详解】句意：书评常常能告诉我一本书是否值得一读。be worth doing sth“值得做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填reading。 7．As for me, I usually practice ________ (play) badminton to keep fit. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：至于我，我经常练习打羽毛球来保持健康。practice doing“练习做某事”，故填playing。 8．— Lily, I have difficulty __________ (read) comic strips in English. — Don’t worry. Let’s read some together. 【答案】reading 【详解】句意：——Lily，我在看英语连环画上遇到困难了。——别担心。我们一起来看。have difficulty (in) doing sth.意为“在做某事方面有困难”，因此应用动词read的动名词reading。故填reading。 9．Stop ________ (lie)! I shall never believe you again. 【答案】lying 【详解】句意：别撒谎了！我再也不会相信你了。根据句意可知，此处表达的是“停止做某事”，英语表达为stop doing sth，故填lying。 10．You’d better avoid ________ (make) such a mistake again in our daily life. 【答案】making 【详解】句意：在日常生活中，你最好避免再犯这样的错误。avoid doing sth避免做某事，用动名词作宾语，故填making。 11．The young should do meaningful things instead of ________ with phones all day. (play) 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：年轻人应该做一些有意义的事情，而不是整天玩手机。instead of doing sth，其后加动名词作宾语，故填playing。 12．My teacher suggested ________ (choose) some classic books to read. 【答案】choosing 【详解】句意：我的老师建议选一些经典书籍来阅读。choose“选择”，动词；suggest后接动名词形式，choose的动名词形式是choosing。 13．It is not easy for wild animals ________ (survive) in cold winter. 【答案】to survive 【详解】句意：野生动物在寒冷的冬天生存并不容易。固定句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb./sth. to do sth.”，其中不定式作真正主语，因此填to survive。 14．It takes us about two hours ________(climb) to the top of this mountain. 【答案】to climb 【详解】句意：我们花费两个小时爬到山顶。固定句型it takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth.表示“某人做某事花费多少时间”，it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语，故填to climb。 15．________ (eat) too much sugar is bad for your health. 【答案】Eating 【详解】句意：吃太多糖对你的健康有害。此处需要动名词作句子的主语，“eat”的动名词形式是“eating”，符合“动名词作主语”的语法规则，放句首首字母大写，故填Eating。 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 Florence Nightingale was the first great nurse in the world. She was born when her parents 1 Florence in Italy on May 12, 1820. That is why 2 was named after the city. From an early age, Florence showed her kindness to those in need and did everything 3 them. As Florence grew older, she dreamt of becoming 4 nurse. Not many people supported her dream 5 nursing was not seen as a respectable job at that time. What’s more, 6 nurses were trained in her country. However, she didn’t give up. In 1850, Florence went abroad and got trained in Germany to be a nurse. In 1854, Britain was at war with 7 country. Many soldiers died in hospital because of hygiene (卫生) problems. Hearing this, Florence set off with some nurses to help. At first, the doctors didn’t want women’s help, but Florence chose to stay. She asked the nurses to take care of the soldiers and clean the hospitals 8 than before. She also made people 9 the importance of hand-washing. “Every nurse 10 wash hands before caring for patients,” she strongly suggested. At night, Florence checked on every patient with a lamp before bedtime, so she 11 “Lady with the Lamp” by soldiers. Florence’s kind act made her 12 popular that even Queen Victoria wanted to meet her. But 13 a skillful nurse herself was not enough for her. 14 the Queen’s help, Florence worked very 15 to make the hospitals better. In 1860, she started a school for nurses. Soon more nursing schools were set up all over the world. Florence’s dream came true finally. 1．A．have visited B．visit C．would visit D．were visiting 2．A．her B．she C．hers D．herself 3．A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 4．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．A．because of B．but C．so D．because 6．A．few B．little C．many D．much 7．A．another B．other C．others D．the other 8．A．careful B．carefully C．more carefully D．most carefully 9．A．realize B．to realize C．realizing D．realized 10．A．may B．could C．must D．can 11．A．called B．was called C．will be called D．was calling 12．A．so B．such C．very D．too 13．A．be B．have been C．being D．been 14．A．In B．At C．With D．About 15．A．hardly B．hard C．harder D．hardest 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的生平事迹。 1．句意：1820年5月12日，当她的父母正在意大利的佛罗伦萨游览时，她出生了。 have visited现在完成时；visit一般现在时；would visit过去将来时；were visiting过去进行时。根据“She was born when her parents...Florence in Italy on May 12, 1820.”可知，此处表达的是“当她的父母正在参观佛罗伦萨时”，表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选D。 2．句意：这就是为什么用这座城市给她命名。 her她，宾格/她的，形容词性物主代词；she她，主格；hers她的，名词性物主代词；herself她自己，反身代词。根据“That is why...was named after the city.”可知，此处表达的是“她被用这座城市命名”，空格处作主语，用主格“she”。故选B。 3．句意：从很小的时候起，弗洛伦斯就表现出对需要帮助的人的善意，并尽一切努力帮助他们。 help动词原形；to help动词不定式；helping动名词/现在分词；helped过去式/过去分词。根据“did everything...them.”可知，此处表达的是“尽一切努力帮助他们”，空格处作目的状语，用动词不定式。故选B。 4．句意：随着弗洛伦斯年龄的增长，她梦想成为一名护士。 a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。根据“she dreamt of becoming...nurse.”可知，此处表达的是“成为一名护士”，nurse以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故选A。 5．句意：没有多少人支持她的梦想，因为当时护理不被视为一份受人尊敬的工作。 because of因为，后接名词/代词/动名词；but但是；so因此；because因为，后接句子。根据“Not many people supported her dream...nursing was not seen as a respectable job at that time.”可知，此处表达的是“没有多少人支持她的梦想，因为当时护理不被视为一份受人尊敬的工作”，空格后是一个句子，用because引导原因状语从句。故选D。 6．句意：更重要的是，在她的国家几乎没有护士接受过培训。 few很少，修饰可数名词复数；little很少，修饰不可数名词；many许多，修饰可数名词复数；much许多，修饰不可数名词。根据“What’s more...nurses were trained in her country.”以及“However, she didn’t give up.”可知，此处表达的是“在她的国家几乎没有护士接受过培训”，nurses是可数名词复数，用few修饰。故选A。 7．句意：1854年，英国与另一个国家交战。 another另一个，三者或三者以上中的另一个；other其他的，后接名词复数；others其他的，相当于other+名词复数；the other两者中的另一个。根据“Britain was at war with...country.”可知，此处表达的是“英国与另一个国家交战”，表示三者或三者以上中的另一个，用another。故选A。 8．句意：她要求护士们照顾士兵，比以前更仔细地打扫医院。 careful仔细的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词；more carefully更仔细地，比较级；most carefully最仔细地，最高级。根据“She asked the nurses to take care of the soldiers and clean the hospitals...than before.”可知，此处表达的是“比以前更仔细地打扫医院”，than前用比较级，空格处修饰动词clean，用副词carefully的比较级more carefully。故选C。 9．句意：她还让人们意识到洗手的重要性。 realize动词原形；to realize动词不定式；realizing动名词/现在分词；realized过去式/过去分词。根据“She also made people...the importance of hand-washing.”可知，此处表达的是“她还让人们意识到”，make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，空格处用动词原形。故选A。 10．句意：她强烈建议：“每位护士在照顾病人前都必须洗手。” may可能；could能；must必须；can能。根据“Every nurse...wash hands before caring for patients,” she strongly suggested.”可知，此处表达的是“每位护士在照顾病人前都必须洗手”，must“必须”符合句意。故选C。 11．句意：晚上，弗洛伦斯在睡觉前用一盏灯检查每个病人，所以士兵们称她为“提灯女士”。 called过去式/过去分词；was called一般过去时的被动语态；will be called一般将来时的被动语态；was calling过去进行时。根据“At night, Florence checked on every patient with a lamp before bedtime, so she...‘Lady with the Lamp’ by soldiers.”可知，此处表达的是“所以士兵们称她为‘提灯女士’”，she与call之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且根据语境可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是she，be动词用was。故选B。 12．句意：弗洛伦斯的善举使她如此受欢迎，以至于维多利亚女王都想见她。 so如此，修饰形容词/副词；such如此，修饰名词；very非常；too太。根据“Florence’s kind act made her...popular that even Queen Victoria wanted to meet her.”可知，此处表达的是“弗洛伦斯的善举使她如此受欢迎”，so...that...“如此……以至于……”，popular是形容词，用so修饰。故选A。 13．句意：但对她来说，仅仅成为一名熟练的护士是不够的。 be动词原形；have been现在完成时；being动名词/现在分词；been过去式/过去分词。根据“But...a skillful nurse herself was not enough for her.”可知，此处表达的是“但对她来说，仅仅成为一名熟练的护士是不够的”，空格处作主语，用动名词形式。故选C。 14．句意：在女王的帮助下，弗洛伦斯非常努力地工作，使医院变得更好。 In在……里；At在；With和；About关于。根据“...the Queen’s help, Florence worked very...to make the hospitals better.”可知，此处表达的是“在女王的帮助下”，with one’s help“在某人的帮助下”。故选C。 15．句意：在女王的帮助下，弗洛伦斯非常努力地工作，使医院变得更好。 hardly几乎不；hard努力地；harder更努力地；hardest最努力地。根据“Florence worked very...to make the hospitals better.”可知，此处表达的是“弗洛伦斯非常努力地工作”，work hard“努力工作”，very后接形容词或副词原级。故选B。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。（共10小题，每小题1分） This Labour Day holiday, I went to Hunan with my family. The place I loved most was Zhangjiajie. It was like 1 dream come true. I had seen pictures online, but seeing it with 2 (I) own eyes was even better. The mountains were very high and green. They looked like they touched the sky! I kept 3 (look) up and almost forgot to walk. We hiked up a big mountain on the first day. I was hot and tired, and my legs hurt. I even said, “Can we go back now?” But my dad 4 (smile) and said, “Wait until you reach the top.” He was right! The sunrise at the top was amazing. Everything turned gold, and the clouds looked like waves. If I hadn’t reached the top, it would have been impossible 5 (see) these wonderful views. On the 6 (two) day, we rode the Bailong Elevator. It goes straight up the mountainside, and it’s made of glass! 7 first, I was really afraid. But when I opened my eyes, I saw the whole forest below. It felt like I was flying and I gradually became 8 (relax). Nature is the most magical and outstanding 9 (art). It creates the beauty that touches our hearts. This trip made me feel closer to nature. 10 the trip was tiring and hard, I still kept many unforgettable moments in my heart. 【答案】 1．a 2．my 3．looking 4．smiled 5．to see 6．second 7．At 8．relaxed 9．artist 10．Although/Though 【导语】本文围绕“张家界劳动节之旅”展开，叙述了作者与家人在劳动节假期前往湖南张家界旅游的经历。通过描写张家界壮丽的自然风光和百龙天梯的独特体验，表达了作者对大自然鬼斧神工的赞美以及对这次旅行的依依不舍。 【详解】1．句意：它就像是一个美梦成真。此处考查固定搭配like a dream come true，表示“就像梦想成真一样”，dream为可数名词单数且在此处属于泛指，前面需加不定冠词a。 2．句意：但亲眼看到它感觉更好。此处修饰名词短语“own eyes”，表示“用我自己的眼睛”，需用形容词性物主代词，故I变为my。 3．句意：我一直抬头看，几乎忘了走路。固定搭配keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事、不停地做某事”，故look变为looking。 4．句意：但我的爸爸微微一笑说道：“等到了山顶再说吧。”本篇短文基本时态为一般过去时，根据并列谓语“said”可知，此处也应用动词的过去式smiled。 5．句意：如果我没有到达山顶，就不可能看到这些奇妙的景色。此处是不定式作后置定语或结果状语，且在“impossible”等形容词后常用动词不定式作真正的主语，故see变为to see。 6．句意：在第二天，我们乘坐了百龙天梯。此处表示“第二天”，在定冠词the后需用序数词修饰名词“day”，故two变为second。 7．句意：起初，我真的很害怕。根据后文的“But when I opened my eyes...”可知，此处表示时间前后的对比，固定搭配At first意为“起初，开始时”，句首单词首字母需大写，故填At。 8．句意：当我睁开眼睛，看到下面的整片森林时，我感觉像是飞了起来，并渐渐变得放松了。固定搭配“become + 形容词”构成系表结构，此处表示人的心理或生理状态“感到放松的”，需用-ed结尾的形容词，故relax变为relaxed。 9．句意：大自然是最神奇、最杰出的艺术家。此处在形容词最高级后，应用名词单数形式指代人，故art变为artist。 10．句意：虽然这次旅行很累很辛苦，但我脑海中依然留存着许多难忘的时刻。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”，句首单词首字母需大写，故填Although或Though。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $