专题04 Unit4 Friends Forever（暑假预习讲义）新高一英语外研版

专题04 Unit 4 Friends Forever 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit 4 Friends forever核心词汇梳理 考点二 Unit 4 Friends forever重点词组搭配 考点三 Unit 4 Friends forever语法解析梳理 考点四 Unit 4 Friends forever 撰写故事结尾 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 4 Friends forever核心词汇梳理 【考点精讲】 1. familiar adj.熟悉的；通晓的;非正式的；亲昵随便的 be familiar with sth/sb主语人 → 某人熟悉某物 / 某人 ▶例句：I am familiar with this old friend Bob.我和老朋友鲍勃很熟。 be familiar to sb主语事物 / 人 → 某物 / 某人为人所熟知 ▶例句：The name Jimmy is familiar to Bob.鲍勃对吉米这个名字很熟悉。 易混区分 familiar（adj.）熟悉的 similar（adj.）相似的（形近词，易考辨析） 2. prefer v.更喜欢；偏爱 prefer sthI prefer warm weather.我更喜欢温暖的天气。 prefer doing sth Bob prefers waiting for his old friend.鲍勃情愿等候他的老朋友。 prefer to do sth She prefers to stay at home on rainy days.下雨天她更愿意待在家里。 prefer A to B I prefer friendship to money.比起金钱，我更看重友情。 prefer to do A rather than do B He prefers to forgive rather than hate others.他选择原谅，而不去怨恨别人。 preference n. 偏爱；喜好 have a preference for sth He has a preference for quiet life.他偏爱安稳平淡的生活。 3. lose track of 失去联系；跟不上进展 We lost track of Bob after he went into prison.鲍勃入狱后我们就和他失去了联系。 I often lose track of time when reading stories.读故事时我常常忘了时间。 反义短语 keep track of 与…… 保持联系；留意动态 I keep track of my old friends all these years.这些年我一直和老朋友们保持联络。 track n.踪迹；轨道 We found the track of the little animal in the snow.我们在雪地里发现了小动物的足迹。 4. deliver v.递送；运送 deliver sth to sb The young man delivered a note to Bob.这个年轻人给鲍勃送来一张便条。 发表（讲话） deliver a speech He will deliver a speech about true friendship.他将要发表一篇关于真挚友情的演讲。 兑现；实现 deliver one's promise Jimmy tried his best to deliver his promise to meet Bob.吉米尽全力兑现和鲍勃见面的承诺。 delivery n. 递送；投递 We choose express delivery for the letter.我们选择快递寄送这封信。 5. thanks to 多亏；由于 thanks to + 名词 / 代词 Thanks to Jimmy’s son, Bob got the letter at last.多亏吉米的儿子，鲍勃最终收到了信件。 可用于负面语境 Thanks to the bad weather, they failed to meet.由于恶劣天气，他们没能碰面。 due to（介词短语，侧重客观原因，作表语 / 状语） His sadness was due to missing his friend.他的难过源于思念友人。 6. advance v. (verb) 前进；推进；促进；提前；提出 advance towards sp. 朝某地前进 例：The troops advanced towards the border. 部队向边境行进。 advance a plan/idea/opinion 提出计划 / 想法 / 观点 例：She advanced a new proposal at the meeting. 她在会上提出了一项新提议。 n. (noun) 前进；进步；进展；预付款 make advances 取得进展 例：Great advances have been made in medicine. 医学领域取得了巨大进步。 in advance 提前，预先 例：Please book the ticket in advance. 请提前订票。 advanced (adj.) 先进的；高级的；晚期的 例：This is an advanced English course. 这是一门高级英语课程。 7. maintain v. 维持；保持；维修；保养；坚持；主张 maintain order 维持秩序 maintain health 保持健康 maintain one's opinion 坚持观点 maintain a stable relationship 保持稳定的关系 maintenance n. 维护；保养；维持 8. enable v. 使能够；使成为可能；授予权利 enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 The new policy enables people to travel more conveniently. 新政策让人们出行更加便利。 be able to do sth. 能够做某事 She is able to swim well. 她游泳游得很好。 9. tend v. 倾向于；往往会；照料；护理 tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事；往往做某事 People tend to trust honest people. 人们往往会信任诚实的人。 tend to sb./sth. 照料某人 / 某物 She tends to the sick patients carefully. 她细心照料病患。 tendency n. 倾向；趋势 There is a growing tendency to work online. 线上办公的趋势日渐明显。 tender adj. 温柔的；脆弱的 He has a tender heart for small animals. 他对小动物心怀温柔。 10. update v. 更新；使现代化；向…… 提供最新信息 update sth. 更新某物 We need to update the software regularly. 我们需要定期更新软件。 update sb. on sth. 向某人告知某事最新情况 Please update me on the progress. 请告诉我最新进展。 n. 更新；最新消息；新版本 This is the latest update of the app. 这是这款应用的最新版本。 updated adj. 更新后的；最新的 Check the updated data first. 先查看更新后的数据。 11. throw the baby out with the bathwater 习语 良莠不分一并舍弃；因噎废食；全盘否定 补充说明：源自旧时欧洲民间俗语，比喻剔除糟粕时，连带有用、珍贵的部分也一并丢掉。 We should improve the plan instead of throwing the baby out with the bathwater. 我们应当完善方案，而非全盘否定。 12. acquire v. 获得；习得；取得；养成 It takes time to acquire new knowledge. 习得新知识需要花费时间。 She acquired a good reading habit as a child. 她从小养成了良好的阅读习惯。 acquisition n. 获得；习得；收购 Language acquisition is easier for children. 儿童的语言习得会更加轻松。 acquired adj. 后天习得的；后天养成的 This is an acquired taste. 这是一种慢慢养成的口味。 13. illustrate v. 说明；阐明；给… 配插图；举例说明 The chart illustrates the changes clearly. 这份图表清晰说明了各项变化。 illustrate sth. with sth. 用某物举例 / 配图说明 She illustrated her point with a real story. 她用一则真实故事佐证自己的观点。 illustration n. 说明；例证；插图 This photo is a vivid illustration of local life. 这张照片是当地生活的生动写照。 14. inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的 This is an inspiring story for young people. 这是一个能激励年轻人的故事。 an inspiring speech 振奋人心的演讲 inspire v. 激励；赋予灵感；启发 The hero inspired us to keep going. 这位英雄激励我们继续前行。 inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人 / 事 She draws inspiration from daily life. 她从日常生活中汲取灵感。 inspired adj. 受启发的；受鼓舞的 We felt inspired after listening to the lecture. 听完讲座后我们备受鼓舞。 15. quality n. 质量；品质；特性 This product is of high quality. 这款产品质量上乘。 Honesty is a valuable personal quality. 诚实是可贵的个人品质。 adj. 优质的；高品质的 quality service 优质服务 qualify v. （使）具备资格；达标 She qualified for the national competition. 她获得了全国比赛的参赛资格。 qualification n. 资格；资质；学历 Professional qualifications are required for this job. 这份工作要求具备专业资质。 qualified adj. 有资格的；合格的 He is a fully qualified teacher. 他是一名完全合格的教师。 16. anxious adj. 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的 be anxious about sth. 为某事担忧 She is anxious about her exam results. 她为考试成绩感到担忧。 be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事 They are anxious to start the new project. 他们迫切想要开启新项目。 be anxious for sth. 渴望得到某物 The children are anxious for the holiday. 孩子们盼着假期到来。 anxiety n. 焦虑；不安；渴望 Too much anxiety will affect your health. 过度焦虑会影响健康。 17. postpone v. 推迟；延期 We have to postpone the meeting. 我们不得不推迟会议。 postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事 They postponed holding the sports meeting. 他们推迟举办运动会。 postpone until/till 推迟至…… The trip was postponed until next week. 出行被推迟到下周。 18. fortune n. 运气；命运；财富 have good fortune 运气好 make a fortune 发财；赚大钱 fortunate adj. 幸运的 We are fortunate to live in peaceful times. 我们有幸生活在和平年代。 fortunately adv. 幸运地；幸好 Fortunately, no one was hurt in the accident. 所幸事故中无人受伤。 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 It was an unfortunate misunderstanding. 这是一场令人遗憾的误会。 19. ought to modal v. 应该；应当（表责任、建议、推测） ought to do sth. 应该做某事 You ought to respect your teachers. 你应当尊敬师长。 ought not to do sth. 不应该做某事 You ought not to stay up late. 你不应该熬夜。 20. turn up v. 出现；露面；开大（音量 / 热度等）；被找到 turn up (at + 地点) 出现；露面 He turned up late at the party. 他参加聚会时迟到了。 turn up (sth.) 调大（音量、炉火等） Please turn up the radio. I can't hear it clearly. 请把收音机音量调大，我听不清楚。 21. appointed adj. 约定的；指定的；委派的 We gathered at the appointed time. 我们在约定时间集合。 Please wait at the appointed place. 请在指定地点等候。 appoint v.任命；委派；约定 appoint sb. as sth. 任命某人为…… The company appointed her as manager. 公司任命她为经理。 appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事 They appointed him to take charge of the work. 他们委派他负责这项工作。 appointment n. 任命；约会；约定 I have an appointment with the doctor today. 我今天和医生有约。 22. strike v. 撞；碰；击打；突然想到；（灾难、疾病）侵袭；罢工 The boy struck the ball hard. 男孩用力击球。 An idea strikes sb. 某人突然想到一个主意 A good idea struck me just now. 我刚才突然想到一个好主意。 strike for/against 为 / 反对… 罢工 Workers struck for higher pay. 工人们为争取加薪举行罢工。 n. 罢工；袭击；击打 go on strike 举行罢工 striking adj. 显著的；引人注目的 There is a striking difference between the two plans. 这两个方案有着明显的差异。 23. scene n. 场景；场面；景色；（戏剧 / 电影）一幕；事发地点 on the scene 在现场 Police arrived on the scene immediately. 警方立刻抵达了现场。 scenic spot 景点 This is a famous scenic spot in the city. 这是这座城市里知名的景点。 behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中 Many people work hard behind the scenes. 许多人在幕后默默付出。 scenery n. 风景；自然风光 The scenery here is breathtaking. 这里的自然风光令人赞叹。 scenic adj. 风景优美的；舞台的 We drove along a scenic road. 我们沿着一条风景优美的道路行驶。 【牛刀小试】 一、英译汉 acquire anxious fortune illustrate quality 二、汉译英 推迟 鼓舞人心的 场景；景色 倾向于 更新 【即学即练】 选词填空 词库：tend, update, quality, appointed, strike, scene 1.Please ______ your phone system regularly for better use. 2.People ______ to feel sleepy after lunch. 3.We will meet at the ______ time tomorrow morning. 4.The police rushed to the ______ right after the accident. 5.This factory strictly controls the ______ of its products. 6.Lightning is likely to ______ trees on rainy days. 汉译英 1. 不要只因一点失误就全盘否定。 —————————————————————————— 2. 她焦急地等待着最新消息。 —————————————————————————— 考点二 Unit 4 Friends forever重点词组搭配 1. 交朋友 make friends 2. 与... 交流 communicate with 3. 与... 保持联系 keep in touch with 4. 失去... 的联系 lose touch with 5. 如果.... 怎么办？ what if 6. 多亏了 thanks to 7. 社交媒体 social media 8. 维系友谊 maintain friendship 9. 数字时代 digital age 10. 使某人做某事 make sb do sth 11. 即使 even if /even though 12. 这要视情况而定。It depends 13. 倾向于做，易于做 tend to do 14. 不分良莠一起抛弃 throw the baby out with the bathwater 15. 在过去 in the past 16. 向某人寻求帮助 turn to sb for help 17. 没能做某事 fail to do 18. 把... 倒入... pour into 19. 使... 疏远..., 与... 保持距离 keep apart 20. 普通人 ordinary people 21. 以... 为背景 be set in 22. 发财 make a fortune 23. 把... 拖出 drag out of 24. 应该做 ought to do 25. 收到某人来信 hear from sb 26. 到处忙碌奔波 rush around 27.（终于）出现 turn up 28. 按时，准时 on time 29. 划火柴 strike a match 30. 便衣，朴素的衣服 plain clothes 31. 因... 感到羞耻 be ashamed of 32. 渴望 long for 33. 读完 read through /finish reading 34. 观点 point of view 35. 无论什么 no matter what 【牛刀小试】 一、汉译英 交朋友 ____________ 与…… 交流 ____________ 多亏了 ____________ 收到某人来信 ____________ 发财 ____________ 二、英译汉 keep in touch with ____________ what if ____________ social media ____________ turn up ____________ tend to do ____________ 【即学即练】 一．选词填空 选词框：make friends；keep in touch with；thanks to；turn up；make a fortune 1.We can ________ easily with others on social media nowadays. 2.________ his help, I finished the difficult task on time. 3.He hopes to ________ by starting his own small business. 4.She didn't ________ at the party until nine o'clock last night. 5.It's important to ________ when you enter a new school. 二、单项选择 1.You should ________ your classmates when you have trouble. A. look after B. turn to sb for help C. give up D. put away 2.People ________ live a hard life in the old days. A. plan to B. tend to C. wait to D. learn to 3.I often ________ my pen pal from America every month. A. look for B. wait for C. hear from sb D. care for 4.We have lived in the ________ with mobile phones and the Internet. A. stone age B. digital age C. ice age D. golden age 5.Don't ________ your family no matter what happens. A. keep apart from B. take care of C. look forward to D. pay for 考点三 Unit 4 Friends forever语法解析梳理 限定性定语从句1梳理 限制性定语：从句不能去掉，去掉主句句意不完整，不用逗号隔开。 二、逐个用法 + 例句 1. who（指人，作主）先行词是人，从句缺主语。 The girl who helped me is my deskmate.帮过我的女孩是我同桌。 2. whom（指人，作宾）先行词是人，从句缺宾语，口语常用 who 替换，可省略。 The boy (whom we met) is a new student.我们遇见的那个男孩是新生。 3. which（指物，作主 / 宾）先行词是事物，作主不可省，作宾可省。 This is the book which is popular.（主） I like the gift (which) you bought.（宾） 4. that（万能：人 + 物，作主 / 宾） ✅ 人、物通用，作宾语常省略。 The pen (that) I lost was expensive.（物，宾） The teacher that stands there is from England.（人，主） ✍️ 只用 that、不用 which 的 6 种情况 先行词含人 + 物：They talked about the teachers and schools that they visited. 先行词不定代词 (all, everything, nothing, something…)：All that you said is true. 先行词有序数词 / 最高级：This is the most moving story that I’ve read. 先行词被 the only/the very 修饰：This is the only way that we can use. 疑问词 who/which 开头问句：Who that breaks the rule will be punished? 先行词被 all, every, no, little, much 修饰。 ✍️ 只用 which、不用 that 介词提前时：This is the house in which he lives.（in 不可放 that 前） 5. whose（表所属：…… 的，作定语） 结构：whose + 名词 = the + n. + of whom/of which 指人：The student whose father is a doctor works hard. 指物：I have a room whose window faces south. 三、关系代词省略规则 关系代词在定语从句作宾语 → 可省略 (that/which/whom) I know the man (whom/that) you saw yesterday.（宾→省） I know the man who is standing there.（主→不能省） 四、易错总结 介词 + whom/which，绝对不能用 that/who The girl with whom he spoke is his cousin. whose 不拆分，永远修饰后面名词。 限制性无逗号，非限制性有逗号、不能用 that。 【牛刀小试】 用合适关系代词填空 1.The girl ______ is singing on the stage is my cousin. 2.This is the new bike ______ my father bought for me. 3.The man ______ we visited yesterday is a famous writer. 4.I know a student ______ mother works in a hospital. 5.They are talking about the people and places ______ they saw last year. 【即学即练】 一.单选 1.The boy ______ helped me with my English is my best friend. A. which B. who C. whose D. what 2.This is the most interesting novel ______ I have ever read. A. which B. what C. that D. when 3.The house ______ we lived in last year is very beautiful. A. which B. whose C. who D. where 4.Do you know the girl ______ father is a policeman? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 5.They talked about teachers and schools ______ they had visited. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 二.中译英 1.The lady _______________（站在门口的）is my teacher.（提示：先行词人，从句缺主语） 2.This is the pen _______________（我上周买的）.（提示：先行词物，从句作宾语，关系词可省略） 3.The old man _______________（我们昨天拜访的）is very kind.（提示：先行词人，从句缺宾语） 4.The boy _______________（爸爸是医生的）works hard.（提示：用表所属的关系代词 whose） 5.They talked about the people and things _______________（他们所见到的）.（提示：先行词人 + 物，只用 that） 考点四 Unit 4 Friends forever 撰写故事结尾 （一）写作主题：Write a surprise ending to a friendship story 围绕二十年友情、离别重逢、意外反转续写故事结尾，侧重惊喜型结局创作。 （2） 文章结构（故事结尾三段式写作框架） 段落 写作内容 写作要点 开头段（环境 + 人物出场） 交代场景（时间、地点、环境）+ 主角状态 用 setting 描写烘托氛围，交代人物当下处境（出狱 / 等候 / 见面） 中间段（情节发展 + 对话） 偶遇新人物、人物对话、引出关键线索（信件 / 信物） 用人物外貌、动作、神态描写 + 对白推进故事 结尾段（结局反转） 揭晓伏笔，完成惊喜 / 伤感 / 圆满收尾 利用前文伏笔制造反转，点明友情主旨 （三）课本有用表达（分三类：场景 Setting / 人物 Character / 动作 Action） 1. Setting（环境场景描写） into the cold wind 迎着凛冽寒风 that cold, dark night 在那个阴冷漆黑的夜晚 the street was long and dark 街道漫长又昏暗 2. Character（人物外貌 + 情绪描写） lost and helpless 茫然无助（人物心境） a familiar-looking man in his thirties 一位三十多岁、面熟的男子 smiled bitterly 苦涩地笑 shouted in surprise 吃惊地大喊 be ashamed of 为…… 愧疚 long for an answer 渴望一个答复 3. Action（动作描写） step out of jail 踏出监狱 turn around 转过身 unfold the note 展开信纸 hands are shaking 双手颤抖 reply the words 回话 （四）结尾分类词（四种结局） a happy ending 圆满结局 /a sad ending 悲剧结局 /a surprise ending 惊喜结局 /an open ending 开放式结局 （五）写作任务 依据原文 Bob 出狱、二十年等候好友 Jimmy 的故事背景，续写 20 年后 Bob 被捕后的全新结尾（surprise ending）。 参考范文（惊喜式结尾，贴合课本主题） New ending: Twenty years after Bob was arrested Stepping out of the police station into the warm sunset, Bob, nearly 60, felt tired but peaceful after being set free. He had spent two decades regretting his past mistakes and missing his dearest friend Jimmy day and night. He had no family and almost lost hope of meeting Jimmy again. Suddenly, a middle-aged man walked towards him with a warm smile. It was Jimmy! Jimmy held out a letter and said, “I have waited for you for twenty years. I never give up on our friendship.” Bob’s hands shook as he read the letter. Jimmy wrote that he had tried his best to help Bob during these years and prepared a small house for him. “I thought I would never see you again,” Bob cried happily. They walked side by side into the golden dusk, ready to start a new life together. It was a warm surprise ending full of long-lost friendship. 写作练习 根据课本Jimmy与Bob故事的内容，自主选择结局类型（happy/sad/open），仿写故事结尾，可以参考文中用到的环境 / 人物 / 动作短语。 一、选词填空 词库：acquire, tend to, postpone, turn up, maintain 1.It's necessary for us to ________ good friendships with our classmates. 2.People ________ feel tired after staying up late. 3.We have to ________ the trip because of the bad weather. 4.You can ________ more practical skills by taking part in different activities. 5.He didn't ________ until the meeting was nearly over. 二、单项选择 1.We should ________ our teachers and classmates. A. communicate with B. compare with C. compete with D. complain about 2.I haven't ________ my pen friend for a long time. A. heard of B. heard from C. heard out D. heard about 3.Most people ________ feel nervous when facing a new challenge. A. pretend to B. plan to C. tend to D. promise to 4.________ your support, we finished the work ahead of time. A. Instead of B. Thanks to C. According to D. Along with 5.Don't ________ old friends after graduation. A. keep in touch with B. lose touch with C. catch up with D. come up with 6.You ________ finish your homework before watching TV. It's your duty. A. used to B. ought to C. happen to D. refuse to 7.The writer uses many pictures to ________ his new idea. A. imagine B. improve C. illustrate D. imitate 8.She felt ________ about her sick grandma day and night. A. active B. anxious C. angry D. awful 9.The police arrived at the ________ right after the accident. A. scene B. scenery C. sight D. view 10.He worked hard for years and finally ________. A. made a mistake B. made a decision C. made a fortune D. made a living 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 Unit 4 Friends Forever 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit 4 Friends forever核心词汇梳理 考点二 Unit 4 Friends forever重点词组搭配 考点三 Unit 4 Friends forever语法解析梳理 考点四 Unit 4 Friends forever 撰写故事结尾 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 4 Friends forever核心词汇梳理 【考点精讲】 1. familiar adj.熟悉的；通晓的;非正式的；亲昵随便的 be familiar with sth/sb主语人 → 某人熟悉某物 / 某人 ▶例句：I am familiar with this old friend Bob.我和老朋友鲍勃很熟。 be familiar to sb主语事物 / 人 → 某物 / 某人为人所熟知 ▶例句：The name Jimmy is familiar to Bob.鲍勃对吉米这个名字很熟悉。 易混区分 familiar（adj.）熟悉的 similar（adj.）相似的（形近词，易考辨析） 2. prefer v.更喜欢；偏爱 prefer sthI prefer warm weather.我更喜欢温暖的天气。 prefer doing sth Bob prefers waiting for his old friend.鲍勃情愿等候他的老朋友。 prefer to do sth She prefers to stay at home on rainy days.下雨天她更愿意待在家里。 prefer A to B I prefer friendship to money.比起金钱，我更看重友情。 prefer to do A rather than do B He prefers to forgive rather than hate others.他选择原谅，而不去怨恨别人。 preference n. 偏爱；喜好 have a preference for sth He has a preference for quiet life.他偏爱安稳平淡的生活。 3. lose track of 失去联系；跟不上进展 We lost track of Bob after he went into prison.鲍勃入狱后我们就和他失去了联系。 I often lose track of time when reading stories.读故事时我常常忘了时间。 反义短语 keep track of 与…… 保持联系；留意动态 I keep track of my old friends all these years.这些年我一直和老朋友们保持联络。 track n.踪迹；轨道 We found the track of the little animal in the snow.我们在雪地里发现了小动物的足迹。 4. deliver v.递送；运送 deliver sth to sb The young man delivered a note to Bob.这个年轻人给鲍勃送来一张便条。 发表（讲话） deliver a speech He will deliver a speech about true friendship.他将要发表一篇关于真挚友情的演讲。 兑现；实现 deliver one's promise Jimmy tried his best to deliver his promise to meet Bob.吉米尽全力兑现和鲍勃见面的承诺。 delivery n. 递送；投递 We choose express delivery for the letter.我们选择快递寄送这封信。 5. thanks to 多亏；由于 thanks to + 名词 / 代词 Thanks to Jimmy’s son, Bob got the letter at last.多亏吉米的儿子，鲍勃最终收到了信件。 可用于负面语境 Thanks to the bad weather, they failed to meet.由于恶劣天气，他们没能碰面。 due to（介词短语，侧重客观原因，作表语 / 状语） His sadness was due to missing his friend.他的难过源于思念友人。 6. advance v. (verb) 前进；推进；促进；提前；提出 advance towards sp. 朝某地前进 例：The troops advanced towards the border. 部队向边境行进。 advance a plan/idea/opinion 提出计划 / 想法 / 观点 例：She advanced a new proposal at the meeting. 她在会上提出了一项新提议。 n. (noun) 前进；进步；进展；预付款 make advances 取得进展 例：Great advances have been made in medicine. 医学领域取得了巨大进步。 in advance 提前，预先 例：Please book the ticket in advance. 请提前订票。 advanced (adj.) 先进的；高级的；晚期的 例：This is an advanced English course. 这是一门高级英语课程。 7. maintain v. 维持；保持；维修；保养；坚持；主张 maintain order 维持秩序 maintain health 保持健康 maintain one's opinion 坚持观点 maintain a stable relationship 保持稳定的关系 maintenance n. 维护；保养；维持 8. enable v. 使能够；使成为可能；授予权利 enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 The new policy enables people to travel more conveniently. 新政策让人们出行更加便利。 be able to do sth. 能够做某事 She is able to swim well. 她游泳游得很好。 9. tend v. 倾向于；往往会；照料；护理 tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事；往往做某事 People tend to trust honest people. 人们往往会信任诚实的人。 tend to sb./sth. 照料某人 / 某物 She tends to the sick patients carefully. 她细心照料病患。 tendency n. 倾向；趋势 There is a growing tendency to work online. 线上办公的趋势日渐明显。 tender adj. 温柔的；脆弱的 He has a tender heart for small animals. 他对小动物心怀温柔。 10. update v. 更新；使现代化；向…… 提供最新信息 update sth. 更新某物 We need to update the software regularly. 我们需要定期更新软件。 update sb. on sth. 向某人告知某事最新情况 Please update me on the progress. 请告诉我最新进展。 n. 更新；最新消息；新版本 This is the latest update of the app. 这是这款应用的最新版本。 updated adj. 更新后的；最新的 Check the updated data first. 先查看更新后的数据。 11. throw the baby out with the bathwater 习语 良莠不分一并舍弃；因噎废食；全盘否定 补充说明：源自旧时欧洲民间俗语，比喻剔除糟粕时，连带有用、珍贵的部分也一并丢掉。 We should improve the plan instead of throwing the baby out with the bathwater. 我们应当完善方案，而非全盘否定。 12. acquire v. 获得；习得；取得；养成 It takes time to acquire new knowledge. 习得新知识需要花费时间。 She acquired a good reading habit as a child. 她从小养成了良好的阅读习惯。 acquisition n. 获得；习得；收购 Language acquisition is easier for children. 儿童的语言习得会更加轻松。 acquired adj. 后天习得的；后天养成的 This is an acquired taste. 这是一种慢慢养成的口味。 13. illustrate v. 说明；阐明；给… 配插图；举例说明 The chart illustrates the changes clearly. 这份图表清晰说明了各项变化。 illustrate sth. with sth. 用某物举例 / 配图说明 She illustrated her point with a real story. 她用一则真实故事佐证自己的观点。 illustration n. 说明；例证；插图 This photo is a vivid illustration of local life. 这张照片是当地生活的生动写照。 14. inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的 This is an inspiring story for young people. 这是一个能激励年轻人的故事。 an inspiring speech 振奋人心的演讲 inspire v. 激励；赋予灵感；启发 The hero inspired us to keep going. 这位英雄激励我们继续前行。 inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人 / 事 She draws inspiration from daily life. 她从日常生活中汲取灵感。 inspired adj. 受启发的；受鼓舞的 We felt inspired after listening to the lecture. 听完讲座后我们备受鼓舞。 15. quality n. 质量；品质；特性 This product is of high quality. 这款产品质量上乘。 Honesty is a valuable personal quality. 诚实是可贵的个人品质。 adj. 优质的；高品质的 quality service 优质服务 qualify v. （使）具备资格；达标 She qualified for the national competition. 她获得了全国比赛的参赛资格。 qualification n. 资格；资质；学历 Professional qualifications are required for this job. 这份工作要求具备专业资质。 qualified adj. 有资格的；合格的 He is a fully qualified teacher. 他是一名完全合格的教师。 16. anxious adj. 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的 be anxious about sth. 为某事担忧 She is anxious about her exam results. 她为考试成绩感到担忧。 be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事 They are anxious to start the new project. 他们迫切想要开启新项目。 be anxious for sth. 渴望得到某物 The children are anxious for the holiday. 孩子们盼着假期到来。 anxiety n. 焦虑；不安；渴望 Too much anxiety will affect your health. 过度焦虑会影响健康。 17. postpone v. 推迟；延期 We have to postpone the meeting. 我们不得不推迟会议。 postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事 They postponed holding the sports meeting. 他们推迟举办运动会。 postpone until/till 推迟至…… The trip was postponed until next week. 出行被推迟到下周。 18. fortune n. 运气；命运；财富 have good fortune 运气好 make a fortune 发财；赚大钱 fortunate adj. 幸运的 We are fortunate to live in peaceful times. 我们有幸生活在和平年代。 fortunately adv. 幸运地；幸好 Fortunately, no one was hurt in the accident. 所幸事故中无人受伤。 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 It was an unfortunate misunderstanding. 这是一场令人遗憾的误会。 19. ought to modal v. 应该；应当（表责任、建议、推测） ought to do sth. 应该做某事 You ought to respect your teachers. 你应当尊敬师长。 ought not to do sth. 不应该做某事 You ought not to stay up late. 你不应该熬夜。 20. turn up v. 出现；露面；开大（音量 / 热度等）；被找到 turn up (at + 地点) 出现；露面 He turned up late at the party. 他参加聚会时迟到了。 turn up (sth.) 调大（音量、炉火等） Please turn up the radio. I can't hear it clearly. 请把收音机音量调大，我听不清楚。 21. appointed adj. 约定的；指定的；委派的 We gathered at the appointed time. 我们在约定时间集合。 Please wait at the appointed place. 请在指定地点等候。 appoint v.任命；委派；约定 appoint sb. as sth. 任命某人为…… The company appointed her as manager. 公司任命她为经理。 appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事 They appointed him to take charge of the work. 他们委派他负责这项工作。 appointment n. 任命；约会；约定 I have an appointment with the doctor today. 我今天和医生有约。 22. strike v. 撞；碰；击打；突然想到；（灾难、疾病）侵袭；罢工 The boy struck the ball hard. 男孩用力击球。 An idea strikes sb. 某人突然想到一个主意 A good idea struck me just now. 我刚才突然想到一个好主意。 strike for/against 为 / 反对… 罢工 Workers struck for higher pay. 工人们为争取加薪举行罢工。 n. 罢工；袭击；击打 go on strike 举行罢工 striking adj. 显著的；引人注目的 There is a striking difference between the two plans. 这两个方案有着明显的差异。 23. scene n. 场景；场面；景色；（戏剧 / 电影）一幕；事发地点 on the scene 在现场 Police arrived on the scene immediately. 警方立刻抵达了现场。 scenic spot 景点 This is a famous scenic spot in the city. 这是这座城市里知名的景点。 behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中 Many people work hard behind the scenes. 许多人在幕后默默付出。 scenery n. 风景；自然风光 The scenery here is breathtaking. 这里的自然风光令人赞叹。 scenic adj. 风景优美的；舞台的 We drove along a scenic road. 我们沿着一条风景优美的道路行驶。 【牛刀小试】 一、英译汉 acquire anxious fortune illustrate quality 答案 获得；习得；养成 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的 运气；命运；财富 说明；阐明；举例 质量；品质；优质的 二、汉译英 推迟 鼓舞人心的 场景；景色 倾向于 更新 答案 postpone inspiring scene tend update 【即学即练】 选词填空 词库：tend, update, quality, appointed, strike, scene 1.Please ______ your phone system regularly for better use. 2.People ______ to feel sleepy after lunch. 3.We will meet at the ______ time tomorrow morning. 4.The police rushed to the ______ right after the accident. 5.This factory strictly controls the ______ of its products. 6.Lightning is likely to ______ trees on rainy days. 参考答案 1.update 2.tend 3.appointed 4.scene 5.quality 6.strike 汉译英 1. 不要只因一点失误就全盘否定。 —————————————————————————— 2. 她焦急地等待着最新消息。 —————————————————————————— 参考答案 1.Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater just because of a small mistake. 2.She waited anxiously for the latest update. 考点二 Unit 4 Friends forever重点词组搭配 1. 交朋友 make friends 2. 与... 交流 communicate with 3. 与... 保持联系 keep in touch with 4. 失去... 的联系 lose touch with 5. 如果.... 怎么办？ what if 6. 多亏了 thanks to 7. 社交媒体 social media 8. 维系友谊 maintain friendship 9. 数字时代 digital age 10. 使某人做某事 make sb do sth 11. 即使 even if /even though 12. 这要视情况而定。It depends 13. 倾向于做，易于做 tend to do 14. 不分良莠一起抛弃 throw the baby out with the bathwater 15. 在过去 in the past 16. 向某人寻求帮助 turn to sb for help 17. 没能做某事 fail to do 18. 把... 倒入... pour into 19. 使... 疏远..., 与... 保持距离 keep apart 20. 普通人 ordinary people 21. 以... 为背景 be set in 22. 发财 make a fortune 23. 把... 拖出 drag out of 24. 应该做 ought to do 25. 收到某人来信 hear from sb 26. 到处忙碌奔波 rush around 27.（终于）出现 turn up 28. 按时，准时 on time 29. 划火柴 strike a match 30. 便衣，朴素的衣服 plain clothes 31. 因... 感到羞耻 be ashamed of 32. 渴望 long for 33. 读完 read through /finish reading 34. 观点 point of view 35. 无论什么 no matter what 【牛刀小试】 一、汉译英 交朋友 ____________ 与…… 交流 ____________ 多亏了 ____________ 收到某人来信 ____________ 发财 ____________ 二、英译汉 keep in touch with ____________ what if ____________ social media ____________ turn up ____________ tend to do ____________ 汉译英答案 make friends communicate with thanks to hear from sb make a fortune 英译汉答案 与…… 保持联系 如果…… 怎么办 社交媒体 （终于）出现 倾向于做，易于做 【即学即练】 一．选词填空 选词框：make friends；keep in touch with；thanks to；turn up；make a fortune 1.We can ________ easily with others on social media nowadays. 2.________ his help, I finished the difficult task on time. 3.He hopes to ________ by starting his own small business. 4.She didn't ________ at the party until nine o'clock last night. 5.It's important to ________ when you enter a new school. 二、单项选择 1.You should ________ your classmates when you have trouble. A. look after B. turn to sb for help C. give up D. put away 2.People ________ live a hard life in the old days. A. plan to B. tend to C. wait to D. learn to 3.I often ________ my pen pal from America every month. A. look for B. wait for C. hear from sb D. care for 4.We have lived in the ________ with mobile phones and the Internet. A. stone age B. digital age C. ice age D. golden age 5.Don't ________ your family no matter what happens. A. keep apart from B. take care of C. look forward to D. pay for 参考答案 选词填空答案 1.make friends 2.Thanks to 3.make a fortune 4.turn up 5.keep in touch with 单选答案 答案：1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 1.look after照顾；give up放弃；put away收拾。遇到困难向同学求助，turn to sb for help向某人求助，选 B。 2.plan to计划；wait to等待；learn to学习。tend to do倾向于、往往做某事，古时人们大多生活艰苦，选 B。 3.look for寻找；wait for等候；care for照看。hear from sb收到某人来信，符合和笔友往来语境，选 C。 4.stone age石器时代；ice age冰河时代；golden age黄金时代。手机、互联网代表digital age 数字时代，选 B。 5.take care of照顾；look forward to期待；pay for付费。keep apart from疏远、和…… 保持距离，句意：无论如何不要疏远家人，选 A。 考点三 Unit 4 Friends forever语法解析梳理 限定性定语从句1梳理 限制性定语：从句不能去掉，去掉主句句意不完整，不用逗号隔开。 二、逐个用法 + 例句 1. who（指人，作主）先行词是人，从句缺主语。 The girl who helped me is my deskmate.帮过我的女孩是我同桌。 2. whom（指人，作宾）先行词是人，从句缺宾语，口语常用 who 替换，可省略。 The boy (whom we met) is a new student.我们遇见的那个男孩是新生。 3. which（指物，作主 / 宾）先行词是事物，作主不可省，作宾可省。 This is the book which is popular.（主） I like the gift (which) you bought.（宾） 4. that（万能：人 + 物，作主 / 宾） ✅ 人、物通用，作宾语常省略。 The pen (that) I lost was expensive.（物，宾） The teacher that stands there is from England.（人，主） ✍️ 只用 that、不用 which 的 6 种情况 先行词含人 + 物：They talked about the teachers and schools that they visited. 先行词不定代词 (all, everything, nothing, something…)：All that you said is true. 先行词有序数词 / 最高级：This is the most moving story that I’ve read. 先行词被 the only/the very 修饰：This is the only way that we can use. 疑问词 who/which 开头问句：Who that breaks the rule will be punished? 先行词被 all, every, no, little, much 修饰。 ✍️ 只用 which、不用 that 介词提前时：This is the house in which he lives.（in 不可放 that 前） 5. whose（表所属：…… 的，作定语） 结构：whose + 名词 = the + n. + of whom/of which 指人：The student whose father is a doctor works hard. 指物：I have a room whose window faces south. 三、关系代词省略规则 关系代词在定语从句作宾语 → 可省略 (that/which/whom) I know the man (whom/that) you saw yesterday.（宾→省） I know the man who is standing there.（主→不能省） 四、易错总结 介词 + whom/which，绝对不能用 that/who The girl with whom he spoke is his cousin. whose 不拆分，永远修饰后面名词。 限制性无逗号，非限制性有逗号、不能用 that。 【牛刀小试】 用合适关系代词填空 1.The girl ______ is singing on the stage is my cousin. 2.This is the new bike ______ my father bought for me. 3.The man ______ we visited yesterday is a famous writer. 4.I know a student ______ mother works in a hospital. 5.They are talking about the people and places ______ they saw last year. 答案 + 解析 1.who/that；先行词 the girl 指人，从句缺主语 2.which/that/ 不填；先行词 bike 指物，从句缺宾语 3.whom/that/who/ 不填；先行词 the man 指人，从句缺宾语 4.whose；表所属 “…… 的”，后接名词 mother 5.that；先行词既有人又有物，只能用 that 【即学即练】 一.单选 1.The boy ______ helped me with my English is my best friend. A. which B. who C. whose D. what 2.This is the most interesting novel ______ I have ever read. A. which B. what C. that D. when 3.The house ______ we lived in last year is very beautiful. A. which B. whose C. who D. where 4.Do you know the girl ______ father is a policeman? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 5.They talked about teachers and schools ______ they had visited. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 答案：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 1.先行词 the boy 指人，从句缺少主语，用 who；which 指代物，whose 表所属，what 不能引导定语从句。 2.先行词被最高级 the most interesting 修饰，只能用 that，不能用 which。 3.先行词 the house 指物，从句介词 in 后缺宾语，选用 which。 4.whose 作定语，修饰名词 father，表示 “女孩的爸爸”，表所属关系。 5.先行词同时包含人 (teachers) 和物 (schools)，固定只用 that 引导从句。 二.中译英 1.The lady _______________（站在门口的）is my teacher.（提示：先行词人，从句缺主语） 2.This is the pen _______________（我上周买的）.（提示：先行词物，从句作宾语，关系词可省略） 3.The old man _______________（我们昨天拜访的）is very kind.（提示：先行词人，从句缺宾语） 4.The boy _______________（爸爸是医生的）works hard.（提示：用表所属的关系代词 whose） 5.They talked about the people and things _______________（他们所见到的）.（提示：先行词人 + 物，只用 that） 参考答案 1.who/that stands at the door 2.(which/that) I bought last week 3.(who/whom/that) we visited yesterday 4.whose father is a doctor 5.that they saw 考点四 Unit 4 Friends forever 撰写故事结尾 （一）写作主题：Write a surprise ending to a friendship story 围绕二十年友情、离别重逢、意外反转续写故事结尾，侧重惊喜型结局创作。 （2） 文章结构（故事结尾三段式写作框架） 段落 写作内容 写作要点 开头段（环境 + 人物出场） 交代场景（时间、地点、环境）+ 主角状态 用 setting 描写烘托氛围，交代人物当下处境（出狱 / 等候 / 见面） 中间段（情节发展 + 对话） 偶遇新人物、人物对话、引出关键线索（信件 / 信物） 用人物外貌、动作、神态描写 + 对白推进故事 结尾段（结局反转） 揭晓伏笔，完成惊喜 / 伤感 / 圆满收尾 利用前文伏笔制造反转，点明友情主旨 （三）课本有用表达（分三类：场景 Setting / 人物 Character / 动作 Action） 1. Setting（环境场景描写） into the cold wind 迎着凛冽寒风 that cold, dark night 在那个阴冷漆黑的夜晚 the street was long and dark 街道漫长又昏暗 2. Character（人物外貌 + 情绪描写） lost and helpless 茫然无助（人物心境） a familiar-looking man in his thirties 一位三十多岁、面熟的男子 smiled bitterly 苦涩地笑 shouted in surprise 吃惊地大喊 be ashamed of 为…… 愧疚 long for an answer 渴望一个答复 3. Action（动作描写） step out of jail 踏出监狱 turn around 转过身 unfold the note 展开信纸 hands are shaking 双手颤抖 reply the words 回话 （四）结尾分类词（四种结局） a happy ending 圆满结局 /a sad ending 悲剧结局 /a surprise ending 惊喜结局 /an open ending 开放式结局 （五）写作任务 依据原文 Bob 出狱、二十年等候好友 Jimmy 的故事背景，续写 20 年后 Bob 被捕后的全新结尾（surprise ending）。 参考范文（惊喜式结尾，贴合课本主题） New ending: Twenty years after Bob was arrested Stepping out of the police station into the warm sunset, Bob, nearly 60, felt tired but peaceful after being set free. He had spent two decades regretting his past mistakes and missing his dearest friend Jimmy day and night. He had no family and almost lost hope of meeting Jimmy again. Suddenly, a middle-aged man walked towards him with a warm smile. It was Jimmy! Jimmy held out a letter and said, “I have waited for you for twenty years. I never give up on our friendship.” Bob’s hands shook as he read the letter. Jimmy wrote that he had tried his best to help Bob during these years and prepared a small house for him. “I thought I would never see you again,” Bob cried happily. They walked side by side into the golden dusk, ready to start a new life together. It was a warm surprise ending full of long-lost friendship. 写作练习 根据课本Jimmy与Bob故事的内容，自主选择结局类型（happy/sad/open），仿写故事结尾，可以参考文中用到的环境 / 人物 / 动作短语。 参考范文 It was a cold winter night when Bob came out of jail. After twenty years behind bars, he felt like a stranger to the city and everyone in it. Lost and helpless, he didn't know where to go or whom to go to. A year after he had been arrested, his wife had left him and taken their daughter with her. Former good friends had cut all contact with him. “Is there anyone here who still thinks of me?” he wondered bitterly. Recalling the night twenty years earlier that had completely changed his life, he wandered blindly through the streets. In the dim light of a streetlamp, he noticed an old man sitting on a bench. “Another lonely man, just like me,” he thought to himself. “ Bob,” the old man looked up. Although twenty years had passed, he could still recognize that face— Jimmy's face. “I'm here for our meeting, though I don't know if you still want it. Anyway, welcome home, buddy!” “Long time no see,” murmured Bob, his voice trembling. The uncertainty was gone. He now had a home. 一、选词填空 词库：acquire, tend to, postpone, turn up, maintain 1.It's necessary for us to ________ good friendships with our classmates. 2.People ________ feel tired after staying up late. 3.We have to ________ the trip because of the bad weather. 4.You can ________ more practical skills by taking part in different activities. 5.He didn't ________ until the meeting was nearly over. 二、单项选择 1.We should ________ our teachers and classmates. A. communicate with B. compare with C. compete with D. complain about 2.I haven't ________ my pen friend for a long time. A. heard of B. heard from C. heard out D. heard about 3.Most people ________ feel nervous when facing a new challenge. A. pretend to B. plan to C. tend to D. promise to 4.________ your support, we finished the work ahead of time. A. Instead of B. Thanks to C. According to D. Along with 5.Don't ________ old friends after graduation. A. keep in touch with B. lose touch with C. catch up with D. come up with 6.You ________ finish your homework before watching TV. It's your duty. A. used to B. ought to C. happen to D. refuse to 7.The writer uses many pictures to ________ his new idea. A. imagine B. improve C. illustrate D. imitate 8.She felt ________ about her sick grandma day and night. A. active B. anxious C. angry D. awful 9.The police arrived at the ________ right after the accident. A. scene B. scenery C. sight D. view 10.He worked hard for years and finally ________. A. made a mistake B. made a decision C. made a fortune D. made a living 选词填空 答案 1 maintain 2 tend to 3 postpone 4 acquire 5 turn up 单项选择 答案 1.A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B 6.B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C 单项选择解析 1.communicate with 与…… 交流；compare with 与…… 比较，compete with 与…… 竞争，complain about 抱怨。结合句意选 A。 2.hear from sb 收到某人来信；hear of/hear about 听说，hear out 听完。结合语境选 B。 3.tend to do 倾向于做某事；pretend to 假装，plan to 计划，promise to 承诺。结合句意选 C。 4.thanks to 多亏了；instead of 代替，according to 根据，along with 连同。结合句意选 B。 5.lose touch with 与…… 失去联系；keep in touch with 保持联系，catch up with 赶上，come up with 想出。结合句意选 B。 6.ought to do 应该做某事；used to 过去常常，happen to 碰巧，refuse to 拒绝。结合语境选 B。 7.illustrate 说明、阐明；imagine 想象，improve 改善，imitate 模仿。结合句意选 C。 8.anxious 焦虑的、担忧的；active 积极的，angry 生气的，awful 糟糕的。结合语境选 B。 9.scene （事故）现场；scenery 自然风光，sight 视力 / 景点，view 风景。结合句意选 A。 10.make a fortune 发财；make a mistake 犯错，make a decision 做决定，make a living 谋生。结合句意选 C。 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $