衔接点14 句子成分（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点14 句子成分 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段，需要能够识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分。 高中阶段，除了识别基本句子成分外，还需要能够分析更复杂的成分，如从句、同位语、插入语等。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中句子成分考点聚焦】 一、词类 英语的词类分为十种： 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class. 2、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 3、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above. 6、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 7、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 8、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成分 识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分 英语句子的成分一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类。 （1）主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的对象。由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式充当。 　　He is a student. 他是一名学生。（代词he作主语） （2）谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。由动词或动词短语充当。 　　She loves cats. 她喜爱猫。（动词love作谓语） （3）宾语：指谓语动作所涉及的人或物。一般由名词或代词充当。 　　We speak Chinese. 我们讲汉语。（名词Chinese作宾语） （4）定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明。主　　要由形容词、代词、数词等充当。 　　I like light music. 我喜欢轻音乐。（形容词light作定语） （5）补语：主要用于对宾语的补充和说明。一般由名词、动词的非谓语形式、形容词充当。 　　He will buy me a gift. 他将给我买份礼物。（a gift作宾语me的补语） （6）状语：说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、方式或条件等。一般由副词或状语从句充当。 　　He is watching TV at home. 他在家看电视。（at home作状语指明动作发生的地点） （7）表语：说明主语身份、特征、属性和状态，位于系动词后面。由名词、形容词等充当。 　　My father is a writer. 我父亲是一名作家。（a writer作表语） 【高中句子成分考点聚焦】 课标解读 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。及S+V（主+谓）、S+V+O （主+谓+宾）、S+V+C （主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO （主+谓+间宾+直宾）、S+V+O+C （主+谓+宾+宾补）、S+V+O+A （主+谓+宾+状）基本句型在各种题型中的应用。 总的来说，高中英语在句子成分的理解上要求更为深入和全面，需要学生具备更强的语言分析能力和应用能力。 考点清单 · 句子的成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （一）主语： 用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （二）谓语： 用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （三）表语： 用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （四）宾语：用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （五）宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） （六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） （七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） （八）同位语：——同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 （1）名词：We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. （2）代词：They all wanted to see him. He himself doesn’t know why. 　　 （3）数词：Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? 　　 （4）不定式：Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. （5）动名词：The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. （6）of短语：The city of Rome is a attractive place. （7）从句（同位语从句）：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 一、指出划线部分充当的成分 1．Analyze the sentence component of the underlined part: There was a cat in my yard yesterday. A．主语 B．定语 C．宾语 D．补语 2．Thanks, Mom. This is the best gift I have ever received. A．宾语 B．补语 C．定语 D．表语 3．He admits that he was mistaken. A．表语 B．定语 C．状语 D．宾语 4．The young man’s dream to become an astronaut has never changed. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 5．It happened that a young writer with no publishing experience was able to create a best-selling novel. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 6．Every night before bedtime, he carefully lays the baby on the soft bed. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．定语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 7．The man wearing a blue suit is our new manager. A．主语 B．谓语 C．定语 D．状语 8．Her father bought her a new computer as a birthday gift. A．宾语 B．宾补 C．表语 D．主语 9．In the sentence “It turns surprisingly cold overnight.”, the underlined word “cold” is ________. A．谓语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语 10．In the sentence “She will be waiting for you at the airport the day after tomorrow.”, the underlined part “the day after tomorrow” is ________. A．主语 B．状语 C．表语 D．谓语 11．Features are written in an individual style, with extra detail and background. What’s the function of the underlined words? A．Adverbial B．Object complement C．Subject D．Attributive 12．The boy standing under the tree is my brother. A．Adverbial B．Predicative C．Attributive D．Object complement 13．The old man sitting under the tree is my grandfather. What’s the function of the underlined words? A．Attributive B．Adverbial C．Subject D．Object 14．The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. What’s the function of the underlined word? A．Attributive B．Subject C．Adverbial D．Complement 15．They painted the door green. What’s the function of the underlined word? A．Object B．Attributive C．Complement D．Adverbial 16．After the long hike, the climbers felt extremely tired and thirsty. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Adverbial. B．Predicative. C．Object. D．Attributive. 17．Have you decided where we should go for our summer vacation? What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Adverbial. B．Complement. C．Attributive. D．Object. 18．To master a foreign language in three months is challenging. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Subject. B．Adverbial. C．Verb. D．Complement. 19．The company considers it necessary to invest more money in research and development. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Attributive. B．Adverbial. C．Complement. D．Predicative. 20．The number of online shoppers in this area has increased by 30% this year. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Attributive. B．Adverbial. C．Predicative. D．Complement. 二．分析句子:阅读下列短文,判断其中粗体字所作的成分。 A 篇 阅读短文，判断文中加粗单词 / 短语在句中所作句子成分 From small beginnings, I gradually fell in love with traditional Chinese art. Our art teacher encouraged us 1.to learn paper-cutting in the after-school club. The beautiful red patterns on paper are 2.a precious treasure of folk culture.We need to collect different kinds of materials 3.for our weekly practice. The craftsman standing beside the window is an expert with 4.rich practical experience. B 篇 阅读短文，判断文中加粗单词 / 短语在句中所作句子成分 1.Learning traditional culture helps teenagers build good cultural confidence. Many schools offer optional courses and let students 2.explore local handicrafts.The colourful handcraft works look 3.attractive in the classroom. Students can improve their practical skills 4.by taking part in different hand-making activities. C 篇 阅读短文，判断文中加粗单词 / 短语在句中所作句子成分 Scientists 1.are studying the value of traditional handicrafts all over the world. Most visitors love 2.the delicate paper-cut works on show. The artists here spend plenty of time 3.creating new-style patterns. People from different countries regard these arts 4.as priceless cultural wealth. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How long does it take a reader 1 (receive) a book after placing an order in a library of over 8 million? The answer from a new library in Beijing is less than 15 minutes. Located in the eastern district (区) of Tongzhou, Beijing Library 2 (become) a popular place since it opened in late December. It received over 80,000 visits during the three-day New Year holiday. Book lovers are attracted not only by the library’s building, but also by its plentiful collection of books and smart services. Covering some 75,000 square metres, Beijing Library 3 (house) over 8 million books. The towering stacks (书库) on the library’s basement floor play a key role. They are part of the 4 (large) single automated storage and retrieval (检索) system, also 5 (know) as AS/RS, for books in China. The stacks have a storage area of less than 3,000 square metres 6 (total), yet they can store up to 7.1 million books largely due to 7 (they) special design. Such a huge space would require a storage area of at least 10,000 square metres in a 8 (tradition) library. Readers who prefer not to travel to the library can use the online borrowing service, 9 will send the book to their doorstep. The service is open 10 readers in both Beijing and neighbouring Tianjin and Hebei Province. 二、阅读理解 The International Linguistics Olympiad (IOL) is a competition for pre-university students, held in a different country each year since 2003. It challenges participants, both individually and in teams, to solve linguistic (语言学的) puzzles. To compete at the IOL, no special knowledge is required, only basic language concepts, logic, patience, and creative thinking. Try this beginner sample to see if the IOL is right for you. A PuzzleThe names of some South American countries are written in Georgian (格鲁吉亚语) with their English translations:ბრაზილია    Brazil პერუ    Peru ურუგვაი    Uruguay Q: What is the English name of this country “არგენტინა”? The Solution·The Georgian forms of “Peru” and “Uruguay” have the same number of letters as their English names, showing a direct letter match. ·The repeated-U in “Uruguay” further confirms Georgian is written left-to-right. ·“Brazil” has fewer letters than the Georgian version, but thanks to the two other names, we already know: რ → R, ა → A, გ → G, ე → E. ·With these letters, the pattern არგენტინა can be translated as “A R G E _ _ _ _ A,” which is “Argentina”. Contest Rules ·Each individual contestant or team must choose a working language for their problems and solutions, a choice that cannot be changed less than two weeks before the Olympiad begins. ·The individual contest involves solving five problems in six hours, whereas the team contest features one problem with two hours less. ·Unless instructed, giving multiple (多样的) answers will receive zero marks. Besides, a detailed explanation is required for each answer; failure to provide one will result in a lower score.Awards The team contest will award up to one gold, two silver, and three bronze medals. In the individual contest, the number of gold, silver, and bronze medals awarded shall be in the ratio 1:2:3, with the total number of medals being between one quarter and one third of the contestants. Click here to find out other awards. 11．Which is important to solve the sample puzzle? A．Linguistic fluency. B．Reasoning ability. C．Geographic knowledge. D．Mathematical calculation. 12．What is different about the rules for the individual and team contests? A．The length of the competition. B．The deadline for language choice. C．The result of giving multiple answers. D．The requirement for answer explanations. 13．If there are 240 individual contestants, how many medals could be awarded in total? A．40. B．54. C．72. D．84. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点14 句子成分 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段，需要能够识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分。 高中阶段，除了识别基本句子成分外，还需要能够分析更复杂的成分，如从句、同位语、插入语等。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中句子成分考点聚焦】 一、词类 英语的词类分为十种： 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class. 2、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 3、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above. 6、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 7、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 8、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成分 识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分 英语句子的成分一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类。 （1）主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的对象。由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式充当。 　　He is a student. 他是一名学生。（代词he作主语） （2）谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。由动词或动词短语充当。 　　She loves cats. 她喜爱猫。（动词love作谓语） （3）宾语：指谓语动作所涉及的人或物。一般由名词或代词充当。 　　We speak Chinese. 我们讲汉语。（名词Chinese作宾语） （4）定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明。主　　要由形容词、代词、数词等充当。 　　I like light music. 我喜欢轻音乐。（形容词light作定语） （5）补语：主要用于对宾语的补充和说明。一般由名词、动词的非谓语形式、形容词充当。 　　He will buy me a gift. 他将给我买份礼物。（a gift作宾语me的补语） （6）状语：说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、方式或条件等。一般由副词或状语从句充当。 　　He is watching TV at home. 他在家看电视。（at home作状语指明动作发生的地点） （7）表语：说明主语身份、特征、属性和状态，位于系动词后面。由名词、形容词等充当。 　　My father is a writer. 我父亲是一名作家。（a writer作表语） 【高中句子成分考点聚焦】 课标解读 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。及S+V（主+谓）、S+V+O （主+谓+宾）、S+V+C （主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO （主+谓+间宾+直宾）、S+V+O+C （主+谓+宾+宾补）、S+V+O+A （主+谓+宾+状）基本句型在各种题型中的应用。 总的来说，高中英语在句子成分的理解上要求更为深入和全面，需要学生具备更强的语言分析能力和应用能力。 考点清单 · 句子的成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （一）主语： 用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （二）谓语： 用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （三）表语： 用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （四）宾语：用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （五）宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） （六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） （七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） （八）同位语：——同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 （1）名词：We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. （2）代词：They all wanted to see him. He himself doesn’t know why. 　　 （3）数词：Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? 　　 （4）不定式：Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. （5）动名词：The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. （6）of短语：The city of Rome is a attractive place. （7）从句（同位语从句）：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 一、指出划线部分充当的成分 1．Analyze the sentence component of the underlined part: There was a cat in my yard yesterday. A．主语 B．定语 C．宾语 D．补语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：昨天我的院子里有一只猫。题干要求“分析划线单词的句子成分”，在There be句型中，主语通常位于谓语动词之后，真正的主语是后面的名词短语a cat，表示存在的事物。因此，划线部分a cat在句中充当主语。故选A。 2．Thanks, Mom. This is the best gift I have ever received. A．宾语 B．补语 C．定语 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：谢谢，妈妈。这是我收到过的最好的礼物。根据句意以及句子结构可知画线部分是一个省略了关系词的定语从句，意为“我收到过的”，修饰先行词“gift”，关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，可以省略。故选 C。 3．He admits that he was mistaken. A．表语 B．定语 C．状语 D．宾语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他承认自己犯了错。he作主语，及物动词admits作谓语，that he was mistaken作宾语，为that引导的宾语从句。故选D。 4．The young man’s dream to become an astronaut has never changed. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这个年轻人想成为宇航员的梦想从未改变。分析句子可知，题干中主句为“The young man’s dream has never changed”（年轻人的梦想从未改变），划线部分 “to become an astronaut”（成为一名宇航员）是对前面名词“dream”（梦想）的具体内容解释说明—— 即“梦想是什么”，二者指涉同一事物（梦想 = 成为宇航员），符合同位语的定义。故选C项。 5．It happened that a young writer with no publishing experience was able to create a best-selling novel. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．主语 B．宾语 C．同位语 D．定语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分辨析。句意：碰巧一位没有出版经验的年轻作家能够创作出一部畅销小说。“with no publishing experience”是一个介词短语，用来修饰前面的名词“a young writer”，说明这位作家的特征，作定语。故选D项。 6．Every night before bedtime, he carefully lays the baby on the soft bed. What’s the sentence element of the underlined words? A．定语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：每天晚上睡觉前，他都小心地把婴儿放在柔软的床上。划线部分on the soft bed在句中说明动词lays的位置，作地点状语，表示“放在柔软的床上”。故选B。 7．The man wearing a blue suit is our new manager. A．主语 B．谓语 C．定语 D．状语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：穿着蓝色西装的男子是我们新来的经理。句子主语是the man，系动词是is，表语是our new manager，现在分词短语wearing a blue suit作the man的后置定语。故选C。 8．Her father bought her a new computer as a birthday gift. A．宾语 B．宾补 C．表语 D．主语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分判断。句意：她爸爸给她买了一台新电脑作为生日礼物。句子主干为“Her father（主语）bought（谓语）her（间接宾语）a new computer（直接宾语）”，“buy”是双宾语动词，常用结构“buy sb. sth.”，其中“sth.”作直接宾语，对应题干中的“a new computer”。故选A项。 9．In the sentence “It turns surprisingly cold overnight.”, the underlined word “cold” is ________. A．谓语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：结果一夜之间天气变得异常寒冷。句子结构为“主系表”，“turns”在此处作系动词，意为“变得”。系动词后需接表语，“cold”描述主语“it”（天气）的状态，符合形容词作表语的语法功能。故选B。 10．In the sentence “She will be waiting for you at the airport the day after tomorrow.”, the underlined part “the day after tomorrow” is ________. A．主语 B．状语 C．表语 D．谓语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分辨析。句意：她后天会在机场等你。分析句子结构可知，“the day after tomorrow”意为“后天”，用于说明谓语动词“will be waiting”发生的时间，符合时间状语的语法定义。故选B项。 11．Features are written in an individual style, with extra detail and background. What’s the function of the underlined words? A．Adverbial B．Object complement C．Subject D．Attributive 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：特征以个人风格编写，带有额外的细节和背景。介词短语with extra detail and background在句中作伴随状语，说明特征的编写带有额外的细节和背景。故选A。 12．The boy standing under the tree is my brother. A．Adverbial B．Predicative C．Attributive D．Object complement 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：站在树下的那个男孩是我弟弟。主语是“The boy”，系动词是“is”，表语是“my brother”，“standing under the tree”为现在分词短语，用于修饰、限定前面的名词“The boy”，符合定语的语法功能——对名词起修饰、限定作用。故选C项。 13．The old man sitting under the tree is my grandfather. What’s the function of the underlined words? A．Attributive B．Adverbial C．Subject D．Object 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：坐在树下的那位老人是我的祖父。划线部分的语法功能是什么？“The old man is my grandfather”是句子主干，为主系表结构。其中“sitting under the tree(坐在树下的)”是划线部分，用于修饰主语 “The old man”，说明“老人”的具体状态和位置，为现在分词作定语。故选A项。 14．The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. What’s the function of the underlined word? A．Attributive B．Subject C．Adverbial D．Complement 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：教室里的那个男孩需要你的一支钢笔。A. Attributive定语；B. Subject主语；C. Adverbial状语；D. Complement补足语。in the classroom是介词短语，用来修饰限定前面的名词the boy，作定语。故选A。 15．They painted the door green. What’s the function of the underlined word? A．Object B．Attributive C．Complement D．Adverbial 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他们把门漆成了绿色。划线单词的语法功能是什么？They“他们”作主语，painted“在……上刷油漆”是谓语动词，the door“门”是宾语，划线词green“绿色的”，用于补充说明宾语 the door在动作painted之后所处的状态（即门被漆后的颜色），为宾语补足语（Complement）。故选C项。 16．After the long hike, the climbers felt extremely tired and thirsty. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Adverbial. B．Predicative. C．Object. D．Attributive. 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：“After the long hike, the climbers felt extremely tired and thirsty. (长途徒步后，登山者们感到极度疲惫和口渴。)”中划线部分（extremely tired and thirsty）是什么句子成分？分析句子“After the long hike, the climbers felt extremely tired and thirsty.”可知，“the climbers”是主语，“felt”是系动词，“After the long hike”为状语，划线部分“extremely tired and thirsty”用于说明主语“the climbers”的身体状态和感受，为表语。故选B项。 17．Have you decided where we should go for our summer vacation? What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Adverbial. B．Complement. C．Attributive. D．Object. 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：你已经决定我们暑假该去哪里了吗？划线部分是什么句子成分？A. Adverbial状语；B. Complement补语；C. Attributive定语；D. Object宾语。该句中“decided”是谓语动词，划线部分“where we should go for our summer vacation”是动词decided的宾语，属于宾语从句。故选D。 18．To master a foreign language in three months is challenging. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Subject. B．Adverbial. C．Verb. D．Complement. 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：要在三个月内掌握一门外语是有挑战性的。划线部分（To master a foreign language in three months）是什么句子成分？A.Subject.主语；B. Adverbial.状语；C. Verb.（谓语）动词；D. Complement.补语。“To master a foreign language in three months”是不定式短语，在句中充当主语（Subject），是句子描述的核心对象；“is”为系动词（Verb），用于连接主语和表语；“challenging (有挑战性的)”为表语（Predicative），用于说明主语的性质。因此，划线部分的句子成分为主语。故选A项。 19．The company considers it necessary to invest more money in research and development. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Attributive. B．Adverbial. C．Complement. D．Predicative. 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：该公司认为有必要在研发上投入更多资金。划线部分（necessary）是什么句子成分？A.Attributive.定语；B.Adverbial. 状语；C.Complement. 补语；D.Predicative.表语。句子主干为“主谓宾宾补”结构，其中“The company”是主语，“considers”是谓语，“it”是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to invest more money in research and development”，划线部分“necessary”用于补充说明形式宾语“it”的性质和特征，充当宾语补足语。故选C项。 20．The number of online shoppers in this area has increased by 30% this year. What sentence element is the underlined part? A．Attributive. B．Adverbial. C．Predicative. D．Complement. 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：今年该地区的网购者的数量增加了30%。划线部分是什么句子成分？A. Attributive定语；B. Adverbial状语；C. Predicative表语；D. Complment补语。该句中“in this area”修饰“online shoppers”，此处为介词短语作后置定语。故选A。 二．分析句子:阅读下列短文,判断其中粗体字所作的成分。 A 篇 阅读短文，判断文中加粗单词 / 短语在句中所作句子成分 From small beginnings, I gradually fell in love with traditional Chinese art. Our art teacher encouraged us 1.to learn paper-cutting in the after-school club. The beautiful red patterns on paper are 2.a precious treasure of folk culture.We need to collect different kinds of materials 3.for our weekly practice. The craftsman standing beside the window is an expert with 4.rich practical experience. 答案：1.宾语补足语　2. 表语　3. 状语　4. 定语 B 篇 阅读短文，判断文中加粗单词 / 短语在句中所作句子成分 1.Learning traditional culture helps teenagers build good cultural confidence. Many schools offer optional courses and let students 2.explore local handicrafts.The colourful handcraft works look 3.attractive in the classroom. Students can improve their practical skills 4.by taking part in different hand-making activities. 答案：1.主语　2. 宾语补足语　3. 表语　4. 状语 C 篇 阅读短文，判断文中加粗单词 / 短语在句中所作句子成分 Scientists 1.are studying the value of traditional handicrafts all over the world. Most visitors love 2.the delicate paper-cut works on show. The artists here spend plenty of time 3.creating new-style patterns. People from different countries regard these arts 4.as priceless cultural wealth. 答案：1.谓语　2. 宾语　3. 状语　4. 宾语补足语 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How long does it take a reader 1 (receive) a book after placing an order in a library of over 8 million? The answer from a new library in Beijing is less than 15 minutes. Located in the eastern district (区) of Tongzhou, Beijing Library 2 (become) a popular place since it opened in late December. It received over 80,000 visits during the three-day New Year holiday. Book lovers are attracted not only by the library’s building, but also by its plentiful collection of books and smart services. Covering some 75,000 square metres, Beijing Library 3 (house) over 8 million books. The towering stacks (书库) on the library’s basement floor play a key role. They are part of the 4 (large) single automated storage and retrieval (检索) system, also 5 (know) as AS/RS, for books in China. The stacks have a storage area of less than 3,000 square metres 6 (total), yet they can store up to 7.1 million books largely due to 7 (they) special design. Such a huge space would require a storage area of at least 10,000 square metres in a 8 (tradition) library. Readers who prefer not to travel to the library can use the online borrowing service, 9 will send the book to their doorstep. The service is open 10 readers in both Beijing and neighbouring Tianjin and Hebei Province. 【答案】 1．to receive 2．has become 3．houses 4．largest 5．known 6．totally 7．their 8．traditional 9．which 10．to 【导语】文章主要介绍北京城市图书馆的规模、智能设备与便民服务。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：读者在一个拥有超过800万册藏书的图书馆下单后，需要多久才能收到书？固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”，本空用不定式to receive。 2．考查时态。句意：北京图书馆坐落于通州区，自12月末开放后就成了热门去处。根据since it opened可知，用现在完成时，主语Beijing Library为单数，谓语用has become。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：北京图书馆占地面积约7.5万平方米，藏书超800万册。此处介绍客观事实，用一般现在时；主语Beijing Library为单数，谓语用house“容纳”的第三人称单数形式houses。 4．考查形容词最高级。句意：它们是中国最大的单体图书自动化存取检索系统（也称为AS/RS）的一部分。此处表示“最大的”，用形容词最高级largest。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是中国最大的单体图书自动化存取检索系统（也称为AS/RS）的一部分。固定搭配be known as“被称作”，作后置定语，省略be动词，保留过去分词known。 6．考查副词。句意：这些书库总占地面积不足3000平方米，然而，由于它们的特殊设计，它们可存储多达710万册图书。此处作状语，用副词totally“总共，总计”。 7．考查代词。句意：这些书库总占地面积不足3000平方米，然而，由于它们的特殊设计，它们可存储多达710万册图书。修饰名词design，用形容词性物主代词their。 8．考查形容词。句意：在传统图书馆中，存放这么多书至少需要一万平方米的空间。空后是名词library，用形容词traditional“传统的”作定语， 9．考查定语从句。句意：不愿亲自到馆的读者可以使用线上借阅服务，这项服务会把书送到家门口。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是service，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。 10．考查介词。句意：这项服务面向北京及邻近的天津、河北的读者开放。固定搭配be open to sb.“对某人开放”，本空用介词to。 二、阅读理解 The International Linguistics Olympiad (IOL) is a competition for pre-university students, held in a different country each year since 2003. It challenges participants, both individually and in teams, to solve linguistic (语言学的) puzzles. To compete at the IOL, no special knowledge is required, only basic language concepts, logic, patience, and creative thinking. Try this beginner sample to see if the IOL is right for you. A PuzzleThe names of some South American countries are written in Georgian (格鲁吉亚语) with their English translations:ბრაზილია    Brazil პერუ    Peru ურუგვაი    Uruguay Q: What is the English name of this country “არგენტინა”? The Solution·The Georgian forms of “Peru” and “Uruguay” have the same number of letters as their English names, showing a direct letter match. ·The repeated-U in “Uruguay” further confirms Georgian is written left-to-right. ·“Brazil” has fewer letters than the Georgian version, but thanks to the two other names, we already know: რ → R, ა → A, გ → G, ე → E. ·With these letters, the pattern არგენტინა can be translated as “A R G E _ _ _ _ A,” which is “Argentina”. Contest Rules ·Each individual contestant or team must choose a working language for their problems and solutions, a choice that cannot be changed less than two weeks before the Olympiad begins. ·The individual contest involves solving five problems in six hours, whereas the team contest features one problem with two hours less. ·Unless instructed, giving multiple (多样的) answers will receive zero marks. Besides, a detailed explanation is required for each answer; failure to provide one will result in a lower score.Awards The team contest will award up to one gold, two silver, and three bronze medals. In the individual contest, the number of gold, silver, and bronze medals awarded shall be in the ratio 1:2:3, with the total number of medals being between one quarter and one third of the contestants. Click here to find out other awards. 11．Which is important to solve the sample puzzle? A．Linguistic fluency. B．Reasoning ability. C．Geographic knowledge. D．Mathematical calculation. 12．What is different about the rules for the individual and team contests? A．The length of the competition. B．The deadline for language choice. C．The result of giving multiple answers. D．The requirement for answer explanations. 13．If there are 240 individual contestants, how many medals could be awarded in total? A．40. B．54. C．72. D．84. 【答案】11．B 12．A 13．C 【导语】文章介绍国际语言学奥林匹克竞赛的参赛要求、样题、比赛规则以及奖项设置等相关基本信息。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“To compete at the IOL, no special knowledge is required, only basic language concepts, logic, patience, and creative thinking.(参加国际语言学奥林匹克竞赛，不需要专业知识，只需要基础的语言概念、逻辑、耐心以及创造性思维)”可知，解开该竞赛样题需要逻辑推理能力。 12．细节理解题。根据Contest Rules部分中的“The individual contest involves solving five problems in six hours, whereas the team contest features one problem with two hours less.(个人赛需要在六小时内解答五道题目，而团队赛仅有一道题目，时长比个人赛少两小时)”可知，个人赛和团队赛的比赛时长不同。 13．细节理解题。根据Awards部分中的“In the individual contest, the number of gold, silver, and bronze medals awarded shall be in the ratio 1:2:3, with the total number of medals being between one quarter and one third of the contestants.(个人赛金、银、铜牌数量比例为1:2:3，奖牌总数为参赛人数的四分之一到三分之一之间)”可知，参赛人数为240人，奖牌总数范围为60至80枚，C选项72枚符合该区间。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $