衔接点13 构词法知识与词形词性转化（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点13 构词法知识与词形词性转化 初中视角 高中展望 高中阶段，掌握更多前缀后缀；理解构词逻辑；分析复杂合成词的结构；理解一词多性的语境逻辑；通过构词法推测生词词义。总之，高中需拓展构词法复杂度，强调语境中词形词性的多维度转化规则。 高中阶段，掌握更多前缀后缀；理解构词逻辑；分析复杂合成词的结构；理解一词多性的语境逻辑；通过构词法推测生词词义。总之，高中需拓展构词法复杂度，强调语境中词形词性的多维度转化规则。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 单项选择 1．Which word means “not polite”? A．Unpolite. B．Impolite. C．Inpolite. D．Nonpolite. 2．If we add the suffix “-al” to the word “tradition”, it changes into the adjective “________”. A．tradition B．traditions C．traditional D．traditionally 3．Which prefix is used to form the negative of “proper”? A．un-. B．im-. C．in-. D．dis-. 4．“kg” is an abbreviation that uses ________ of the word “kilogram”. A．the first letter B．some letters C．all letters D．the last letter 5．Which of the following is NOT a good way to use abbreviations? A．Using “Jan.” for “January” in notes. B．Writing “ASAP”for “as soon as possible”. C．Using abbreviations in a formal academic paper. D．Using “adj.” for “adjective”. 6．Which suffix means “without”? A．-self. B．-less. C．-ache. D．-ful. 7．“AI will not replace humans for creativity.” 的缩写形式是： A．AI won’t replace humans. B．AI willn’t replace humans. C．AI not replace humans. D．AI doesn’t replace humans. 8．The school is not far from my home. It’s only a ________ walk. A．10 minutes B．10 minute C．10-minutes D．10-minute 9．Which of the following words has a different prefix (前缀) to make it have an opposite meaning？ A．able B．lucky C．possible D．sure 10．We can add a suffix (后缀) to a noun to form an adjective. The word “________” is an example. A．kindness B．sleepy C．inventor D．meeting 11．Which of the following words can have the suffix “-ion” added to form a noun? A．dark B．express C．teach D．begin 12．I want to have a ________holiday A．five day B．five days C．five-days D．five-day 13．Look! There is ________ over there. Do you know him? A．a 8-year-old boy B．an 8-year-old boy C．a 8-years old boy D．an 8-years old boy 14．—“Flashlight” is a ________. It comes from “flash” and “light”. —Oh, I see. So is “snowstorm”. A．natural disaster B．compound word C．safety rule D．verb phrase 15．Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix? A．Friendly B．Correct C．Able D．Patient 16．“Most birds are active in the daytime, so you can easily watch them there.” Which of the following words is created in the same way as the underlined word “daytime”? A．dishonest B．countryside C．unhealthy D．kindness 17．Oscar Wilde said, “A life without love is like a sunless garden.” The underlined word “sunless” means ________. A．full of sun B．without sun C．bright D．warm 18．The word “________” can have an opposite meaning by adding the prefix “in-” . A．lucky B．correct C．possible D．important 19．Which of the following words is formed the same way as the word “classical”? A．birthplace B．dreamlike C．central D．artwork 20．We can add prefix “un-” to ________ to give it the opposite meaning. A．correct B．possible C．patient D．usual 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 语境推断与综合运用 · 阅读理解中的词义猜测： 例：通过 “non-”（非）+“verbal”（言语的）推断 “non-verbal communication” 为 “非语言交流”。 语法填空 ： 例：The ______ (introduce) of new technology improved productivity. （答案：introduction，动词变名词） · 写作中的词汇升级： 要求：用 “significance”（名词，重要性）替代 “be important”。 · 核心考点： 复杂派生词的词义逻辑（如否定前缀 + 词根 + 后缀：un+reason+able→unreasonable）； 合成词的结构分析（如 “over+work→overwork” 过度工作）； 词性转化在长难句中的功能（如动名词作主语：Reading improves vocabulary）。 考点清单 一、合成法 合成是指把两个不同词类的词加在一起构成一个新词，它可以是形容词，也可以是名词或其他词类。 英语中常见的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词、合成动词和合成副词，其中以合成形容词最为活跃。 (1)合成形容词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方法 例词 形容词+名词+ed noble-minded高尚的 good-tempered好脾气的 形容词+现在分词 good-looking好看的 easy-going随和的 副词+现在分词 hard-working勤劳的 far-reaching深远的 名词+现在分词 peace-loving热爱和平的 record-breaking破记录的 名词+过去分词 man-made人造的 heartbroken心碎的 副词+过去分词 well-known著名的 widespread广泛流传的 形容词+名词 large-scale大规模的 high-class高级的 数词+名词+ed three-legged三条腿的 five-starred五颗星的 名词+形容词 duty-free免税的 homesick想家的 (2)合成名词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方式 例词 名词+名词 silkworm蚕 snowman雪人 形容词+名词 nobleman贵族 green-hand新手 动名词+名词 waiting-room候车室 sleeping-pills安眠药 动词+名词 pickpocket扒手 cross-roads十字路口 名词+动名词 handwriting书法 sun-bathing目光浴 动词+副词 get-together聚会 breakthrough突破 副词+动词 downfall垮台 outbreak爆发 (3)合成动词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方式 例词 副词+动词 overthrow 推翻 undervalue 低估 形容词+动词 ill-treat虐待 quick-charge快速充电 名词+动词 typewrite 打字 sleepwalk梦游 (4)合成副词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方式 例词 介词+名词 upstairs楼上；outdoors户外；underfoot 脚下 形容词+名词 hotfoot 匆忙地 形容词+副词 anywhere 任何地方 2、 派生法 派生的构成往往是通过词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的词汇。我们可以用不同的后缀来构成名词、形容词、动词、副词和数词等。一般来说，给一个词加上前缀，通常用词性不变，而改变词义，如fair(adj.公平的)-unfair（adj. 不公平的）；给一个词加一后缀，通常词义不变，而改变词性，如invent(v.发明)-invention(n. 发明)。 (一)　前　缀 1．表示否定意义的前缀 (1)un­ unfortunate　　不幸的 unable 不能够的 uncomfortable 不舒服的 (2)in­ (3)im­ impolite　不礼貌的 imperfect 不完美的 impossible 不可能的 (4)il­ illegal　违法的 illogical 不合逻辑的 inconvenient　不方便的 incorrect 不正确的 informal 不正式的 (5)ir­ irregular　不规则的 irrelevant 不相关的 (6)non­ non­violent　非暴力的 non­profit 非盈利的 (7)dis­ dislike　　不喜欢 disapprove 不赞成 dishonest　　不诚实的 disadvantage 弊端，不利条件 2.表示其他意义的常见前缀 (1)en­　　使…… enable 使能够 enrich 使丰富 enlarge 扩大，使变大 endanger 危及 (2)re­　　再，又 retell 复述 review 复习 reunite 团聚 (3)mis­　　错误 misunderstand 误解 mislead 误导 misread 误读 (4)pre­　　在……之前 preview 预习 pre­reading 读前 prehistoric 史前的 (5)fore­　在……前面 forehead 前额 foretell 预言 forecast 预测，预报 (6)inter­　　　在……之间，互相 international 国际的 interact 互动 interpersonal 人际的 (7)trans­　转变，变换 translate 翻译 transport 运输 transform 转变，改造 (二)　后　缀 1．形容词后缀 (1)­y windy　有风的 lucky 幸运的 healthy健康的 (2)­ly friendly　友好的 deadly 致命的 lively 活泼的 (3)­al natural　自然的 national 国家的 personal 个人的 (4)­ive attractive　 吸引人的 effective 有效的 impressive 印象深刻的 (5)­ic/­ical historic　有历史意义的 energetic 精力充沛的 historical 历史的 (6)­ous famous　　　著名的 dangerous 危险的 mysterious 神秘的 (7)­ful wonderful　　　精彩的 beautiful 美丽的 hopeful 有希望的 (8)­less careless　粗心的 homeless 无家可归的 helpless 无助的 (9)­able comfortable　舒适的 acceptable 可接受的 reasonable 合乎情理的 adaptable 可适应的 2.名词后缀 (1)表示“人”的名词后缀 ①­er cleaner　清洁工 reporter 记者 employer 雇主，老板 ②­or inventor　发明家 actor 演员 visitor 游客 ③­ist artist　　艺术家 scientist 科学家 pianist 钢琴家 dentist 牙科医生 ④­ess hostess　女主人 waitress 女服务员 actress 女演员 ⑤­ian musician　　音乐家 politician 政治家 historian 历史学家 (2)表示其他意义的常见名词后缀 ①­th truth　　真相 strength 力量，强项 width 宽度 warmth 温暖 ②­dom freedom　　自由 boredom 无聊，厌烦 wisdom 智慧 ③­ment development　　发展 achievement 成就 amazement 惊讶 excitement 兴奋 ④­ness happiness　　幸福 weakness 弱点 kindness 善良 seriousness 严重性，严肃性 ⑤­tion/­sion competition竞争 construction 建设 discussion 讨论 conclusion 结论 admission 接纳，准许入学 ⑥­ance/­ence importance　重要性 appearance 出现，相貌 existence 存在 patience 耐心 confidence 信心 ⑦­(t)y difficulty　　　困难 loyalty 忠诚 cruelty 残忍 safety 安全 responsibility 职责，责任 ⑧­al arrival　　到达 approval 赞成，批准 survival 幸存 3.动词、副词后缀 (1)­en widen　　加宽 deepen 加深 weaken 削弱 (2)­ize apologize　　道歉 emphasize 强调 memorize 记住 (3)­ly slowly　　慢慢地 happily 高兴地 extremely　　极其 surprisingly 令人惊讶地 三、转化法 转化是指单词由一个词类转变成另一个词类，但其基本意思不变。 转化类型 例词 例句 动词转化为名词 try Let me have a try. swim We stooped there for a swim. 名词转化为动词 book Have you booked your ticket? chair Who chaired the meeting? 形容词转化为动词 slow The train slowed down to half its speed. narrow This is the chief way to narrow the differences between them. 形容词转化为名词 dear He is a dear. （他是个讨人喜欢的孩子） final They’ re running in the final. 注意：有些词可以词形不变用作另一类词，但重音发生改变。较常见的是一些双音节词，作动词时重音在后， 作名词时重音在前。 例词 动词含义（重音在后） 名词含义（重音在前） conduct 指挥，导电 /kənˈdʌkt/ 行为 /ˈkɒndʌkt/ contest 竞争 /kənˈtest/  比赛 /ˈkɒntest/ contrast 形成对比 /kənˈtrɑːst/  对比 /ˈkɒntrɑːst/  digest 消化/daɪˈdʒest/  摘要，文摘/ˈdaɪdʒest/  export 输出，出口/ɪk'spɔːt/ 出口/'ekspɔːt/ import 进口，输入/ɪmˈpɔːt/ 进口 /ˈɪmpɔːt/  increase 增加 /ɪnˈkriːs/ 增加 /ˈɪŋkriːs/  permit 准许，允许/pəˈmɪt/  许可证/ˈpɜːmɪt/  present 赠送，上演/prɪˈzent/ 礼物，目前/ˈpreznt/ produce 生产 /prəˈdjuːs/  农产品 /ˈprɒdjuːs/  protest 抗议 /prəˈtest/ 抗议 /ˈprəʊtest/ record 记录，录音/rɪˈkɔːd/ 记录，唱片/ˈrekɔːd/ survey 勘查，考察 /səˈveɪ/  勘查，考察/ˈsɜːveɪ/ suspect 怀疑，疑心/səˈspekt/ 嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人 /ˈsʌspekt/  transport 运输，运送/trænˈspɔːt/ 运输/ˈtrænspɔːt/  一、单句语法填空 1．It’s (polite) to speak loudly in public. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The delay in delivery has put us to great （convenience）. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 3．He has only been playing football as a (profession) for two years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 4．If one is late for a job interview, it is (likely) that he will get the job. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Most people here are (willing) to give up their cars. They don’t want to use buses instead. （所给词的适当形式填空） 6．The first bubbles to escape from the liquid are a   (mix)of air and hydrogen. (所给词的适当形式填空） 7．It is (legal) to employ someone under the age of sixteen. （所给单词适当形式填空） 8．Some comedians tell jokes about the way people (behavior). (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Many stars, which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street (entertain). （所给词的适当形式填空） 11．Every morning he tried to do exercises to (strong) his leg muscles. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．A (determine) person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．I’m looking forward to visiting some tourist (attract) when I have extra money. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Children who never gained their parents’ (approve) tend to suffer from a lack of confidence. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．While staying in Beijing, he made the (good) of his spare time to know more of Chinese literature. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．In natural outdoor lighting, it can (automatic) complete visual identification and fueling without manual intervention. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．Jack speak English very (fluent) as if he were an Englishman. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．As a native of Fengcheng, I have a great (prefer) for hot pepper. The hotter, the better. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．It is said that Newton’s strong (curious) about a fallen apple on his head led to the discovery of the law of gravity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．Evidence points to hunting by humans and habitat (destroy) as the likely causes for the current mass extinction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21．People under the age of 40 constitute the (major) of the labour force. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22．His (determine) looks suggested that he wouldn’t change his mind. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．Thanks to recent research, (effect) treatments are available. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．She got a headache if she had to read for any (long) of time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．The little boy gave his all in the game, playing without (hesitate) even when he was injured. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．It is (convenient) to have a meeting during lunchtime when everyone is busy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 27．Though the government has taken many measures, the train service is still (frequent) delayed due to bad weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 28．People often have different opinions on some hot issues, so it is impossible to make (assume) about people's reactions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29．Violin is a (string) instrument which produces a particularly beautiful and vibrant (充满活力的) tone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30．A (conduct) is someone who stands in front of a group of musicians or singers and directs their playing or singing. （所给词的适当形式填空） 二、选择正确答案 1．It’s about a ________ walk from the park to the subway station. A．fifteen-minutes’ B．fifteen-minute’s C．fifteen-minute D．fifteen-minutes 2．It’s a ________ ride from the airport to the downtown area. A．two-hours’ B．two-hour’s C．two-hour D．two-hours 3．Which of the following words CAN’T form a new word with “-ship”? A．friend B．relation C．scholar D．business 4．Which of the following words is formed like “impossible”? A．reporter B．blackboard C．dishonest D．harmless 5．Which word is formed in the same way as “homesick”? A．unfold B．rainbow C．disqualify D．professional 6．Which of the following suffixes is the opposite (反义词) of “-ful”? A．-able B．-ness C．-less D．-ous 7．Which of the following prefixes (前缀) means “No”? A．un- B．en- C．co- D．over- 8．Which of the following words is combined by two words? A．poster B．impressive C．exchange D．butterfly 9．Which of the following words is formed like “handbag”? A．meaningful B．snowman C．protection D．impatient 10．We can’t put prefix “un-” to ________ to give it the opposite meaning. A．correct B．comfortable C．certain D．interesting 11．“For a moment, he was speechless. Happiness seemed to fill his body and stick in his throat.” Which word is formed in the same way as “speechless”? A．disappear B．dangerous C．footprint D．impossible 12．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “snowstorm”? A．careless B．railway C．unhealthy D．tourist 13．Which of the following words can NOT be added the prefix “un-” to give it the opposite meaning? _____ A．polite B．healthy C．usual D．happy 14．Which of the following words has a different word formation? A．sculpture B．memorise C．humorous D．highway 15．What a terrible snowstorm! Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “snowstorm”? A．careless B．railway C．unhealthy D．tourist 16．As we all know, words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, ________. A．collection B．lifeboat C．WTO D．exchange 17．As we all know, words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, ________. A．collection B．rainbow C．WTO D．exchange 18．Which of the following suffixes(后缀)means "without"? A．–able B．–ful C．–ous D．–less 19．Which of the following words is created the same way as sunflower! A．homework B．winner C．untidy D．musician 20．The newly-built library is a________ building. A．five-storey B．five storeys C．five-storey’s D．five storeys’ 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists at South Korea’s Yonsei University have created a new type of hybrid rice that not only has a meaty pink color but is also packed with beef protein and fat cells. Rice is already one of the most nutritious foods available in nature, but thanks to some scientific “magic”, it could soon become 1 sustainable replacement for meat. The new hybrid grains are firmer than natural grains, and when 2 (cook) they maintain their traditional appearance. While the new rice doesn’t yet taste like beef, it does offer an 3 (enjoy) flavor experience, which is characteristic of meat. Thanks to the animal cells, this new pink rice could one day become a complete meal by itself, 4 (ensure) a sufficient, sustainable food supply for the whole world. “Imagine 5 (obtain) all the nutrients we need from cell-cultured protein rice,” said Park So-hyeon, co-author of the study. He said the team had experimented with different types of food products, 6 which they gained lots of understanding, but the models they got weren’t successful. In the future, scientists plan to use sustainable supplies of cells 7 can be maintained in the lab. For now, the percentage of protein in the hybrid rice is still 8 (fair) low. So they are also exploring the 9 (possible) of mixing the rice with other types of meat or fish, in order to satisfy different tastes. 10 (replace) meat actually, researchers need to increase the rice’s protein content significantly. 二、阅读理解 Over the years, as I dealt with the pressure of finishing my Ph.D．and starting my post-doctor, I had grown more competitive. I pushed myself to be the first to generate thrilling results and to publish in high-impact journals. Those who could have been partners became competitors I hated. But the effect of this competitive character was exactly the opposite of what I had hoped for. When I encountered scientific problems, I thought I had to solve them myself instead of asking for help. The pressure became overwhelming. I began to feel alone and lost. I became less and less productive. I emailed my tutors, explaining that I had put myself second and the job first for too long. They told me that I wasn’t the first academic to feel that way, and that I wouldn’t be the last. They agreed that I should take the time I needed to take care of myself. So, with my tutors’ support and an uncertain future, I left. Back home, I spent time with family and friends and opened up about my struggles. At first, I was ashamed. But the more I talked about my demons, the more other people told me about their own. I also started to receive emails from my workmates. After a few lines asking how I was, many expressed worries about how they were managing the stress of academic life. Vulnerable researchers were sticking their heads out of their shells. Our relationships deepened. I began to feel less alone. Three months later, I was prepared to go back to the science that I loved, and I now had a foundation to be more open with my colleagues. I understood that we all struggle sometimes, and that collaboration can be more powerful than competition. With a bit of time, collaboration has replaced competition. Working with others and seeking help doesn’t weaken my value or contributions; it means we can all win. I no longer feel lonely and unhappy. 11．How did the author feel after adopting a competitive approach? A．Overwhelmed and alone. B．Ashamed and annoyed. C．Motivated and productive. D．Empowered and successful. 12．Why did the writer take a break? A．He was always the last. B．He cared about himself too late. C．He got serious homesick. D．He needed some time to readjust. 13．What does “poking their heads out of their shells” mean in paragraph 4 ? A．Competing with others fiercely. B．Hiding their true feelings inside. C．Leaving their positions to have a rest. D．Opening up about their own struggles. 14．Why does the author write the passage? A．To describe her stress in scientific research. B．To show the importance of strict self-demand. C．To share her shift from competition to cooperation. D．To explain her ways to publish papers in top journals. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点13 构词法知识与词形词性转化 初中视角 高中展望 高中阶段，掌握更多前缀后缀；理解构词逻辑；分析复杂合成词的结构；理解一词多性的语境逻辑；通过构词法推测生词词义。总之，高中需拓展构词法复杂度，强调语境中词形词性的多维度转化规则。 高中阶段，掌握更多前缀后缀；理解构词逻辑；分析复杂合成词的结构；理解一词多性的语境逻辑；通过构词法推测生词词义。总之，高中需拓展构词法复杂度，强调语境中词形词性的多维度转化规则。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 单项选择 1．Which word means “not polite”? A．Unpolite. B．Impolite. C．Inpolite. D．Nonpolite. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哪个单词意思是“不礼貌的”？ 根据“not polite”可知需要polite的反义词，以p开头的形容词否定前缀常用“im-”，所以选Impolite。 2．If we add the suffix “-al” to the word “tradition”, it changes into the adjective “________”. A．tradition B．traditions C．traditional D．traditionally 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果我们把后缀-al加到单词tradition上，它就变成了形容词traditional。 tradition传统；traditions传统（复数）；traditional传统的；traditionally传统地。根据题干add the suffix“-al”…changes into the adjective可知，名词tradition加上后缀-al后变为形容词traditional。 3．Which prefix is used to form the negative of “proper”? A．un-. B．im-. C．in-. D．dis-. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哪个前缀用于构成“proper”的反义词？ un-常用于形容词前；im-常用于以p, b, m开头的单词前；in-常用于形容词前；dis-常表示相反动作或否定。根据“proper”以字母p开头，其否定形式为“improper”，可知应用前缀 im-。 4．“kg” is an abbreviation that uses ________ of the word “kilogram”. A．the first letter B．some letters C．all letters D．the last letter 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“kg”是一个缩写，它使用了单词“kilogram”的一些字母。 the first letter首字母；some letters一些字母；all letters所有字母；the last letter尾字母。“kg”由“kilogram”中的“k”和“g”组成，属于单词中的部分字母，符合“some letters”的描述，并非仅取首尾或全部字母。 5．Which of the following is NOT a good way to use abbreviations? A．Using “Jan.” for “January” in notes. B．Writing “ASAP”for “as soon as possible”. C．Using abbreviations in a formal academic paper. D．Using “adj.” for “adjective”. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：以下哪一项不是使用缩略语的好方式？ A项在笔记中用“Jan.”表示“January”是常见的合理用法；B项用“ASAP”表示“as soon as possible”在非正式或快速沟通中是常见做法；C项在正式的学术论文中使用缩略语通常是不合适的，除非是标准缩略词或经过首次定义，否则应避免；D项用“adj.”表示“adjective”在语法笔记或词典中是标准做法。因此，不符合好方式的是在正式学术论文中随意使用缩略语，应选C。 6．Which suffix means “without”? A．-self. B．-less. C．-ache. D．-ful. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哪个后缀的意思是“没有”？ -self自己；-less无；没有；-ache疼痛；-ful充满……的；有……的性质。根据英语构词法知识，后缀“-less”加在名词后表示否定，意为“没有，无”，例如homeless“无家可归的”。 7．“AI will not replace humans for creativity.” 的缩写形式是： A．AI won’t replace humans. B．AI willn’t replace humans. C．AI not replace humans. D．AI doesn’t replace humans. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“人工智能不会取代人类的创造力。” will的否定缩写形式。will not的缩写形式是won’t，B选项willn’t拼写错误；C选项缺少助动词；D选项doesn’t与原句will时态不符。A意为“人工智能不会取代人类。”符合要求。 8．The school is not far from my home. It’s only a ________ walk. A．10 minutes B．10 minute C．10-minutes D．10-minute 【答案】D 【详解】句意：学校离我家不远。只有十分钟的步行路程。 10 minutes十分钟；10 minute表述错误；10-minutes表述错误；10-minute十分钟的。“10-minute”是复合形容词，修饰名词“walk”，表示“十分钟的”，其中minute用单数形式，符合语法规则。 9．Which of the following words has a different prefix (前缀) to make it have an opposite meaning？ A．able B．lucky C．possible D．sure 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下列哪个单词使用了不同的前缀使其具有相反的含义？ able前加前缀“un”变成“unable”，意为“不能的”；lucky前加前缀“un”变成“unlucky”，意为“不幸的”；possible前加前缀“im”变成“impossible”，意为“不可能的”；sure前加前缀“un”变成“unsure”，意为“不确定的”。通过对比可知，“possible”是加前缀“im”构成反义词，而其他三个词都是加前缀“un”构成反义词。 10．We can add a suffix (后缀) to a noun to form an adjective. The word “________” is an example. A．kindness B．sleepy C．inventor D．meeting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们可以在名词后加后缀构成形容词。“sleepy”这个词就是一个例子。 kindness善良（名词，-ness名词后缀）；sleepy困倦的（名词sleep+y构成形容词）；inventor 发明家（-or名词后缀）；meeting 会议（-ing名词后缀）。只有 sleepy是由名词加后缀y构成的形容词，应填sleepy。 11．Which of the following words can have the suffix “-ion” added to form a noun? A．dark B．express C．teach D．begin 【答案】B 【详解】句意：以下哪个单词可以添加后缀“-ion”以形成名词？ dark黑暗的；express表达；teach教；begin开始。根据构词法，动词express加上后缀-ion可变为名词expression。其他选项加-ion无法构成合法名词。 12．I want to have a ________holiday A．five day B．five days C．five-days D．five-day 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我想要一个五天的假期。 five day表达错误；five days五天；five-days表达错误；five-day五天的。当数词和名词组合构成复合形容词修饰名词时，中间需用连字符连接，且名词用单数形式。此处修饰holiday，结构应为“数词-名词单数”，即five-day。 13．Look! There is ________ over there. Do you know him? A．a 8-year-old boy B．an 8-year-old boy C．a 8-years old boy D．an 8-years old boy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看！那边有一个8岁的男孩。你认识他吗？ “8-year-old”为复合形容词，其中名词用单数，且8发音以元音音素开头，应用an修饰，符合“数词 + 名词 + 形容词”结构，通常在句中作前置定语，修饰后面的名词。 14．—“Flashlight” is a ________. It comes from “flash” and “light”. —Oh, I see. So is “snowstorm”. A．natural disaster B．compound word C．safety rule D．verb phrase 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——“Flashlight”是一个复合词，它来自“flash”和“light”。——哦，我明白了，“snowstorm”也是。 natural disaster自然灾害；compound word复合词；safety rule安全守则；verb phrase动词短语。根据“‘Flashlight’ is a ... It comes from ‘flash’ and ‘light’.”可知，“Flashlight”是一个由“flash”和“light”组成的复合词。应填compound word。 15．Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix? A．Friendly B．Correct C．Able D．Patient 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下面哪个单词我们可以添加前缀“in-”？ 考查词缀用法。friendly友好的；correct正确的；able能够的；patient有耐心的。根据词缀知识可知，在英语中，通常给单词“correct”添加前缀“in-”变成“incorrect”，表示“不正确的”，而“friendly”“able”“patient”添加前缀“in-”后，不能构成符合英语表达习惯且有意义的新单词。所以应该选“correct”。故选B。 16．“Most birds are active in the daytime, so you can easily watch them there.” Which of the following words is created in the same way as the underlined word “daytime”? A．dishonest B．countryside C．unhealthy D．kindness 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“大多数鸟类在白天很活跃，所以你在那里可以很容易地观察到它们。” 下列哪个单词的构成方式与划线单词“daytime”相同？ 考查构词法。划线词“daytime”是由“day（白天）”和“time（时间）”两个独立单词组合而成的复合词（compound word）。四个选项：dishonest（不诚实的，由前缀dis-+honest构成）；countryside（乡村，由country+side两个独立单词组合而成）；unhealthy（不健康的，由前缀un-+healthy构成）；kindness（善良，由形容词kind+后缀-ness构成）。只有B项“countryside”与“daytime”同为两个独立单词组合的复合词。故选B。 17．Oscar Wilde said, “A life without love is like a sunless garden.” The underlined word “sunless” means ________. A．full of sun B．without sun C．bright D．warm 【答案】B 【详解】句意：奥斯卡·王尔德说：“没有爱的人生就像一座没有阳光的花园。” 划线单词“sunless”意为“没有阳光的”。 考查构词法知识。full of sun充满阳光的；without sun没有阳光的；bright明亮的；warm温暖的。根据构词法，“-less”后缀表示“没有……的”，因此“sunless”意为“without sun”。故选B。 18．The word “________” can have an opposite meaning by adding the prefix “in-” . A．lucky B．correct C．possible D．important 【答案】B 【详解】句意：单词“correct”可以通过加上前缀“in-”来获得相反的意思。 考查前缀构词法。前缀“in-”可加在某些形容词前构成反义词，但需注意拼写变化。unlucky（常用un-），incorrect（加in-），impossible（加im-），unimportant（常用un-）。故选B。 19．Which of the following words is formed the same way as the word “classical”? A．birthplace B．dreamlike C．central D．artwork 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下列哪个单词的构成方式与“classical”相同？ 考查构词法。birthplace“出生地”，名词birth与名词place合成的复合词；dreamlike“如梦的”，名词dream与形容词like合成的复合词；central“中心的”，名词center去掉e加形容词后缀“-al”构成，属于派生词；artwork“艺术品”，名词art与名词work合成的复合词。classical“古典的”由名词classic加上形容词后缀“-al”构成，属于派生词。C项与classical同为“名词+形容词后缀-al”构成的派生词。故选C。 20．We can add prefix “un-” to ________ to give it the opposite meaning. A．correct B．possible C．patient D．usual 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们可以给usual加上前缀“un-”来赋予它相反的意思。 考查构词法。correct正确的，其反义词是incorrect；possible可能的，其反义词是impossible，意为“不可能的”；patient有耐心的，其反义词是impatient；usual平常的，其反义词是unusual。根据语境可知，加上前缀“un-”能构成反义词的是usual。故选D。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 语境推断与综合运用 · 阅读理解中的词义猜测： 例：通过 “non-”（非）+“verbal”（言语的）推断 “non-verbal communication” 为 “非语言交流”。 语法填空 ： 例：The ______ (introduce) of new technology improved productivity. （答案：introduction，动词变名词） · 写作中的词汇升级： 要求：用 “significance”（名词，重要性）替代 “be important”。 · 核心考点： 复杂派生词的词义逻辑（如否定前缀 + 词根 + 后缀：un+reason+able→unreasonable）； 合成词的结构分析（如 “over+work→overwork” 过度工作）； 词性转化在长难句中的功能（如动名词作主语：Reading improves vocabulary）。 考点清单 一、合成法 合成是指把两个不同词类的词加在一起构成一个新词，它可以是形容词，也可以是名词或其他词类。 英语中常见的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词、合成动词和合成副词，其中以合成形容词最为活跃。 (1)合成形容词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方法 例词 形容词+名词+ed noble-minded高尚的 good-tempered好脾气的 形容词+现在分词 good-looking好看的 easy-going随和的 副词+现在分词 hard-working勤劳的 far-reaching深远的 名词+现在分词 peace-loving热爱和平的 record-breaking破记录的 名词+过去分词 man-made人造的 heartbroken心碎的 副词+过去分词 well-known著名的 widespread广泛流传的 形容词+名词 large-scale大规模的 high-class高级的 数词+名词+ed three-legged三条腿的 five-starred五颗星的 名词+形容词 duty-free免税的 homesick想家的 (2)合成名词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方式 例词 名词+名词 silkworm蚕 snowman雪人 形容词+名词 nobleman贵族 green-hand新手 动名词+名词 waiting-room候车室 sleeping-pills安眠药 动词+名词 pickpocket扒手 cross-roads十字路口 名词+动名词 handwriting书法 sun-bathing目光浴 动词+副词 get-together聚会 breakthrough突破 副词+动词 downfall垮台 outbreak爆发 (3)合成动词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方式 例词 副词+动词 overthrow 推翻 undervalue 低估 形容词+动词 ill-treat虐待 quick-charge快速充电 名词+动词 typewrite 打字 sleepwalk梦游 (4)合成副词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方式 例词 介词+名词 upstairs楼上；outdoors户外；underfoot 脚下 形容词+名词 hotfoot 匆忙地 形容词+副词 anywhere 任何地方 2、 派生法 派生的构成往往是通过词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的词汇。我们可以用不同的后缀来构成名词、形容词、动词、副词和数词等。一般来说，给一个词加上前缀，通常用词性不变，而改变词义，如fair(adj.公平的)-unfair（adj. 不公平的）；给一个词加一后缀，通常词义不变，而改变词性，如invent(v.发明)-invention(n. 发明)。 (一)　前　缀 1．表示否定意义的前缀 (1)un­ unfortunate　　不幸的 unable 不能够的 uncomfortable 不舒服的 (2)in­ (3)im­ impolite　不礼貌的 imperfect 不完美的 impossible 不可能的 (4)il­ illegal　违法的 illogical 不合逻辑的 inconvenient　不方便的 incorrect 不正确的 informal 不正式的 (5)ir­ irregular　不规则的 irrelevant 不相关的 (6)non­ non­violent　非暴力的 non­profit 非盈利的 (7)dis­ dislike　　不喜欢 disapprove 不赞成 dishonest　　不诚实的 disadvantage 弊端，不利条件 2.表示其他意义的常见前缀 (1)en­　　使…… enable 使能够 enrich 使丰富 enlarge 扩大，使变大 endanger 危及 (2)re­　　再，又 retell 复述 review 复习 reunite 团聚 (3)mis­　　错误 misunderstand 误解 mislead 误导 misread 误读 (4)pre­　　在……之前 preview 预习 pre­reading 读前 prehistoric 史前的 (5)fore­　在……前面 forehead 前额 foretell 预言 forecast 预测，预报 (6)inter­　　　在……之间，互相 international 国际的 interact 互动 interpersonal 人际的 (7)trans­　转变，变换 translate 翻译 transport 运输 transform 转变，改造 (二)　后　缀 1．形容词后缀 (1)­y windy　有风的 lucky 幸运的 healthy健康的 (2)­ly friendly　友好的 deadly 致命的 lively 活泼的 (3)­al natural　自然的 national 国家的 personal 个人的 (4)­ive attractive　 吸引人的 effective 有效的 impressive 印象深刻的 (5)­ic/­ical historic　有历史意义的 energetic 精力充沛的 historical 历史的 (6)­ous famous　　　著名的 dangerous 危险的 mysterious 神秘的 (7)­ful wonderful　　　精彩的 beautiful 美丽的 hopeful 有希望的 (8)­less careless　粗心的 homeless 无家可归的 helpless 无助的 (9)­able comfortable　舒适的 acceptable 可接受的 reasonable 合乎情理的 adaptable 可适应的 2.名词后缀 (1)表示“人”的名词后缀 ①­er cleaner　清洁工 reporter 记者 employer 雇主，老板 ②­or inventor　发明家 actor 演员 visitor 游客 ③­ist artist　　艺术家 scientist 科学家 pianist 钢琴家 dentist 牙科医生 ④­ess hostess　女主人 waitress 女服务员 actress 女演员 ⑤­ian musician　　音乐家 politician 政治家 historian 历史学家 (2)表示其他意义的常见名词后缀 ①­th truth　　真相 strength 力量，强项 width 宽度 warmth 温暖 ②­dom freedom　　自由 boredom 无聊，厌烦 wisdom 智慧 ③­ment development　　发展 achievement 成就 amazement 惊讶 excitement 兴奋 ④­ness happiness　　幸福 weakness 弱点 kindness 善良 seriousness 严重性，严肃性 ⑤­tion/­sion competition竞争 construction 建设 discussion 讨论 conclusion 结论 admission 接纳，准许入学 ⑥­ance/­ence importance　重要性 appearance 出现，相貌 existence 存在 patience 耐心 confidence 信心 ⑦­(t)y difficulty　　　困难 loyalty 忠诚 cruelty 残忍 safety 安全 responsibility 职责，责任 ⑧­al arrival　　到达 approval 赞成，批准 survival 幸存 3.动词、副词后缀 (1)­en widen　　加宽 deepen 加深 weaken 削弱 (2)­ize apologize　　道歉 emphasize 强调 memorize 记住 (3)­ly slowly　　慢慢地 happily 高兴地 extremely　　极其 surprisingly 令人惊讶地 三、转化法 转化是指单词由一个词类转变成另一个词类，但其基本意思不变。 转化类型 例词 例句 动词转化为名词 try Let me have a try. swim We stooped there for a swim. 名词转化为动词 book Have you booked your ticket? chair Who chaired the meeting? 形容词转化为动词 slow The train slowed down to half its speed. narrow This is the chief way to narrow the differences between them. 形容词转化为名词 dear He is a dear. （他是个讨人喜欢的孩子） final They’ re running in the final. 注意：有些词可以词形不变用作另一类词，但重音发生改变。较常见的是一些双音节词，作动词时重音在后， 作名词时重音在前。 例词 动词含义（重音在后） 名词含义（重音在前） conduct 指挥，导电 /kənˈdʌkt/ 行为 /ˈkɒndʌkt/ contest 竞争 /kənˈtest/  比赛 /ˈkɒntest/ contrast 形成对比 /kənˈtrɑːst/  对比 /ˈkɒntrɑːst/  digest 消化/daɪˈdʒest/  摘要，文摘/ˈdaɪdʒest/  export 输出，出口/ɪk'spɔːt/ 出口/'ekspɔːt/ import 进口，输入/ɪmˈpɔːt/ 进口 /ˈɪmpɔːt/  increase 增加 /ɪnˈkriːs/ 增加 /ˈɪŋkriːs/  permit 准许，允许/pəˈmɪt/  许可证/ˈpɜːmɪt/  present 赠送，上演/prɪˈzent/ 礼物，目前/ˈpreznt/ produce 生产 /prəˈdjuːs/  农产品 /ˈprɒdjuːs/  protest 抗议 /prəˈtest/ 抗议 /ˈprəʊtest/ record 记录，录音/rɪˈkɔːd/ 记录，唱片/ˈrekɔːd/ survey 勘查，考察 /səˈveɪ/  勘查，考察/ˈsɜːveɪ/ suspect 怀疑，疑心/səˈspekt/ 嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人 /ˈsʌspekt/  transport 运输，运送/trænˈspɔːt/ 运输/ˈtrænspɔːt/  一、单句语法填空 1．It’s (polite) to speak loudly in public. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】impolite 【详解】考查形容词和构词法。句意：在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。分析可知，所填应是形容词作表语。结合句意“to speak loudly in public(在公共场合大声讲话)”可知，这里应是“不礼貌的”。“polite”，形容词，意为“礼貌的”，其反义词为“impolite(不礼貌的；粗鲁的)”。故填impolite。 2．The delay in delivery has put us to great （convenience）. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】inconvenience 【详解】考查名词。句意：发货的延迟给我们带来了很大的不便。根据句意“发货延迟”会导致“不便”。根据形容词修饰名词，空前为形容词great,所以空处用名词作宾语。所以convenience 便利 变为 inconvenience 不便利。故填inconvenience. 3．He has only been playing football as a (profession) for two years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】professional 【详解】考查名词。句意：他作为职业球员只踢了两年足球。根据句意和as a可知，此处应用其派生名词professional“专业人员”的单数形式作as的宾语。故填professional。 4．If one is late for a job interview, it is (likely) that he will get the job. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】unlikely 【详解】考查形容词和构词法。句意：如果一个人面试迟到，他就不太可能得到工作。由If one is late for a job interview（如果一个人面试迟到）可知，如果一个人面试迟到，他就不太可能得到工作，因此空格处为“不可能的”，is后跟形容词作表语，“不可能的”的形容词为unlikely，故填unlikely。 5．Most people here are (willing) to give up their cars. They don’t want to use buses instead. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】unwilling 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这里的大多数人都不愿意放弃他们的汽车。相反他们不想乘公共汽车。 根据语境 “They don’t want to use buses”可知，前半句应意思为“大多数人不愿意放弃他们自己的车”；willing意思为“愿意的”，“不愿意的”是其否定词，前面加前缀un-，应是unwilling。故填unwilling。 6．The first bubbles to escape from the liquid are a   (mix)of air and hydrogen. (所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】mixture 【详解】考查名词。句意：首先从液体中逸出的气泡是空气和氢气的混合物。根据上文a可知应填单数名词mixture，表示“混合物”。故填mixture。 7．It is (legal) to employ someone under the age of sixteen. （所给单词适当形式填空） 【答案】illegal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：雇用16岁以下的人是违法的。根据背景知识，“employ someone under the age of sixteen（雇佣16岁以下的人）”应该是违法的；legal是“合法的”，应加否定前缀il-， 构成形容词illegal，意思为“非法的”。故填illegal。 8．Some comedians tell jokes about the way people (behavior). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】behave 【详解】考查定语从句的时态。句意：一些喜剧演员以人们的行为举止为题材讲笑话。the way是先行词，后面是定语从句，people后面少谓语，故用所给词的动词形式，由主句中的tell（一般现在时）再结合语境可知从句部分也用一般现在时，主语people，指人们，结合主谓一致可知，故填behave。 9．Many stars, which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】invisible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：太阳系外的许多恒星不用望远镜是看不见的。由句意可知，此处应用visible的反义词invisible(看不见的)，形容词作表语。故填invisible。 10．Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street (entertain). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】entertainment 【详解】考查词性转换。句意：在卖礼物的各种商店里一边闲逛，一边欣赏现场音乐秀和漂亮的街头娱乐。根据句中的show，可知此空填名词。故答案为entertainment。 11．Every morning he tried to do exercises to (strong) his leg muscles. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：每天早上他都试着做运动来增强腿部肌肉。此处是不定式作目的状语，不定式符号to后应接动词原形，所给词strong是形容词，其动词形式是strengthen，意为“增强；加强”，符合语境，故填strengthen。 12．A (determine) person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】determined 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个有决心的人总是努力完成工作，不管它有多难。名词 person前用形容词修饰。修饰人，一般用-ed形式形容词。形容词determined，表示“坚定的；坚决的”之意，符合句意。故填determined。 13．I’m looking forward to visiting some tourist (attract) when I have extra money. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】attractions 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我有闲钱的时候，我期待着去参观一些旅游景点。作宾语，应用名词attraction，结合some可知为复数。故填attractions。 14．Children who never gained their parents’ (approve) tend to suffer from a lack of confidence. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】approval 【详解】考查名词。句意：从未得到父母认可的孩子往往缺乏自信。提示词作宾语，用名词approval，意为“认可”，不可数名词。故填approval。 15．While staying in Beijing, he made the (good) of his spare time to know more of Chinese literature. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】best 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在北京期间，他充分利用业余时间，更多地了解中国文学。此空位于the之后，提示词为形容词good，所以此处为最高级形式，固定短语make the best of意为“充分利用”符合句意。故填best。 16．In natural outdoor lighting, it can (automatic) complete visual identification and fueling without manual intervention. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】automatically 【详解】考查副词。句意：在自然户外照明下，它可以自动完成视觉识别和加油，无需人工干预。提示词修饰动词complete，用副词automatically作状语，意为“自动地”，符合题意。故填automatically。 17．Jack speak English very (fluent) as if he were an Englishman. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】fluently 【详解】考查副词。句意：杰克英语说得很流利，好像他是英国人似的。空处修饰动词speak，需用副词fluently，作状语。故填fluently。 18．As a native of Fengcheng, I have a great (prefer) for hot pepper. The hotter, the better. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】preference 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个凤城人，我非常喜欢辣椒。越辣越好。空处需要名词作宾语，prefer的名词形式为preference“偏爱”。have a preference for意为“偏爱……”。故填preference。 19．It is said that Newton’s strong (curious) about a fallen apple on his head led to the discovery of the law of gravity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】curiosity 【详解】考查名词。句意：据说牛顿对落到头上的苹果的强烈好奇心导致了万有引力定律的发现。根据空句意和提示词可知，此处应填名词curiosity，意为“好奇心”，作that引导的主语从句的主语。故填curiosity。 20．Evidence points to hunting by humans and habitat (destroy) as the likely causes for the current mass extinction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】destruction 【详解】考查名词。句意：有证据表明，人类的狩猎和栖息地的破坏是当前大规模灭绝的可能原因。设空处与hunting并列作介词to的宾语，应用名词形式，故填destruction。 21．People under the age of 40 constitute the (major) of the labour force. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】majority 【详解】考查名词。句意：40岁以下的人构成了劳动力的主体。设空处应填名词形式，构成固定短语the majority of意为“……的大部分”。故填majority。 22．His (determine) looks suggested that he wouldn’t change his mind. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】determined 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他坚定的表情告诉我们他是不会改变主意的。作定语，修饰后面的名词look，应用形容词determined，表示“坚定的”。故填determined。 23．Thanks to recent research, (effect) treatments are available. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】effective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于最近的研究，有效的治疗方法是可用的。修饰名词treatments应用形容词effective作定语。故填effective。 24．She got a headache if she had to read for any (long) of time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果她需要长时间阅读，她就会头痛。此处为名词作宾语，long的名词为length意为“（持续）时间的长短”，且为不可数名词。故填length。 25．The little boy gave his all in the game, playing without (hesitate) even when he was injured. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】hesitation 【详解】考查名词。句意：小男孩在比赛中全力以赴，即使受伤也毫不犹豫地打球。分析句子可知，“without”为介词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“hesitate”意为“犹豫的”，形容词词性，对应的名词为“hesitation”，意为“犹豫”，为不可数名词。故填hesitation。 26．It is (convenient) to have a meeting during lunchtime when everyone is busy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】inconvenient 【详解】考查形容词。句意：午餐时间大家都很忙，开会很不方便。分析句子可知，“is”后应用形容词，作表语，午餐时间大家都很忙，所以开会很不方便，空格处应用“convenient”的反义词“inconvenient”，意为“不方便的”，形容词词性。故填inconvenient。 27．Though the government has taken many measures, the train service is still (frequent) delayed due to bad weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】frequently 【详解】考查副词。句意：尽管政府采取了许多措施，但由于天气恶劣，列车服务仍经常延误。修饰动词delayed应用副词frequently“经常”，作状语。故填frequently。 28．People often have different opinions on some hot issues, so it is impossible to make (assume) about people's reactions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】assumptions 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们常常对一些热点问题有不同意见，因此不可能对人们的反应做出假设。设空处应填名词作宾语，assume的名词是assumption，因此处为泛指，使用复数形式。故填assumptions。 29．Violin is a (string) instrument which produces a particularly beautiful and vibrant (充满活力的) tone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stringed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：小提琴是一种弦乐器，它能发出特别优美而充满活力的音调。空处作修饰instrument的定语，string的形容词形式stringed符合题意，意为“有弦的”，stringed instrument意为“弦乐器”。故填stringed。 30．A (conduct) is someone who stands in front of a group of musicians or singers and directs their playing or singing. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】conductor 【详解】考查名词。句意：指挥是站在一群音乐家或歌手面前指挥他们演奏或演唱的人。根据句意和空格前的不定冠词a可知，空格处应该用单数名词conductor作主语。故填conductor。 二、选择正确答案 1．It’s about a ________ walk from the park to the subway station. A．fifteen-minutes’ B．fifteen-minute’s C．fifteen-minute D．fifteen-minutes 【答案】C 【详解】考查合成形容词。句意：从公园到地铁站大约是十五分钟的步行路程。此处修饰名词walk，需用合成形容词，作定语，“数词+连字符+单数名词”是合成形容词的固定结构，“十五分钟的”正确表达为fifteen-minute。故选C。 2．It’s a ________ ride from the airport to the downtown area. A．two-hours’ B．two-hour’s C．two-hour D．two-hours 【答案】C 【详解】考查合成形容词。句意：从机场到市中心是两小时的行程。空处修饰名词ride，需用合成形容词作定语，“数词+连字符+单数名词”是合成形容词的固定结构，“两小时的”用two-hour。故选C。 3．Which of the following words CAN’T form a new word with “-ship”? A．friend B．relation C．scholar D．business 【答案】D 【详解】考查词的构成。句意：下列哪个单词不能与“-ship”组成一个新词？A. friend + -ship = friendship（友谊）；B. relation + -ship = relationship（关系）；C. scholar + -ship = scholarship（奖学金）；D. business + -ship = businessship（此词不存在）故选D项。 4．Which of the following words is formed like “impossible”? A．reporter B．blackboard C．dishonest D．harmless 【答案】C 【详解】考查构词法。形容词impossible“不可能的”是由否定前缀“im-”加上形容词possible构成的。形容词dishonest“不诚实的”是由否定前缀“dis-”加上形容词honest构成的，类似于impossible的构成方式。reporter是一个名词，表示“记者”，它是由动词report“报道”加上表示人的后缀“-er”构成的。blackboard是一个名词，表示“黑板”，它是由black“黑色的”和board“板子”两个词组合而成的复合词。harmless是一个形容词，表示“无害的”，这个词是通过在名词harm“伤害”后面加上后缀“-less”形成的。故选C。 5．Which word is formed in the same way as “homesick”? A．unfold B．rainbow C．disqualify D．professional 【答案】B 【详解】考查构词法。句意：哪个词和homesick（乡愁）的构成方式相同？A. unfold展开；B. rainbow彩虹；C. disqualify取消资格；D. professional职业的。unfold和disqualify均为加前缀构成，professional为加后缀构成，homesick为合成词，由home和sick合并而成，相同的为rainbow，由rain和bow合成。故选B。 6．Which of the following suffixes is the opposite (反义词) of “-ful”? A．-able B．-ness C．-less D．-ous 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词后缀。句意：以下哪个后缀与“-ful”相反？A. –able形容词后缀，能……的；B. –ness名词后缀，描述状态、性质或品质；C. –less形容词后缀，没有，缺少；D. -ous形容词后缀，充满……的。句中“-ful”为形容词后缀，意为“充满……的”，浏览选项可知，与其意思相反的是“–less”，形容词后缀，表示“没有，缺少”。故选C项。 7．Which of the following prefixes (前缀) means “No”? A．un- B．en- C．co- D．over- 【答案】A 【详解】考查构词法。句意：以下哪个前缀表示“否定”？un-是表示否定的前缀，en-表示“使……”，co-表示“共同”，over-表示“过度”。故选A。 8．Which of the following words is combined by two words? A．poster B．impressive C．exchange D．butterfly 【答案】D 【详解】考查构词法。句意：以下哪个单词是由两个单词组合而成的？A. poster海报；B. impressive让人印象深刻的；C. exchange交换；D. butterfly蝴蝶。butterfly：这个词由“butter”（黄油）和“fly”（飞）两个词组合而成。故选D。 9．Which of the following words is formed like “handbag”? A．meaningful B．snowman C．protection D．impatient 【答案】B 【详解】考查构词法。handbag由hand+bag构成，两个都是名词，meaningful是由meaning+后缀ful构成，snowman由名词snow+名词man构成，snowman和题干所给的单词handbag构词法一样．protection由动词protect+名词后缀tion构成，只是两个t省略了一个，impatient由否定前缀im+patient构成。故选B项。 10．We can’t put prefix “un-” to ________ to give it the opposite meaning. A．correct B．comfortable C．certain D．interesting 【答案】A 【详解】考查否定前缀。句意：我们不能给correct加上前缀“un-”来给它相反的意思。A. correct正确的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. certain肯定的；D. interesting有趣的。correct的否定前缀是“in-”，其他三项均可加否定前缀“un-”，故选A。 11．“For a moment, he was speechless. Happiness seemed to fill his body and stick in his throat.” Which word is formed in the same way as “speechless”? A．disappear B．dangerous C．footprint D．impossible 【答案】B 【详解】考查构词法。句意：“他一时说不出话来。幸福似乎充满了他的身体，卡在了他的喉咙里。”  哪个单词与“speechless”的构成方式相同？A. disappear消失；B. dangerous危险的；C. footprint足迹；D. impossible不可能的。形容词speechless是由名词“speech”加后缀“less”而构成，形容词dangerous由名词danger加后缀“ous”而构成，两者构词方式相同。A、D项均是“前缀+词根”构成，C项为合成词。故选B。 12．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “snowstorm”? A．careless B．railway C．unhealthy D．tourist 【答案】B 【详解】考查构词法。题干：下列哪个单词与snowstorm的构词方式相同？A. careless粗心大意的(派生词)；B. railway铁路(合成词)；C. unhealthy不健康的(派生词)；D. tourist旅行者(派生词)。snowstorm意为“暴风雪”，是由snow和storm两个单词构成的合成词，railway与其构词方式相同。故选B项。 13．Which of the following words can NOT be added the prefix “un-” to give it the opposite meaning? _____ A．polite B．healthy C．usual D．happy 【答案】A 【详解】考查形容词的前缀。impolite意为“不礼貌的”；unhealthy意为“不健康的”；unusual 意为“不同寻常的”；unhappy 意为“不快乐的”。不能在polite前面加 un构成它的反义词。故选A。 14．Which of the following words has a different word formation? A．sculpture B．memorise C．humorous D．highway 【答案】D 【详解】考查构词法。句意：以下哪一个单词的单词构成不同？A. sculpture雕塑，派生词；B. memorise记忆，派生词；C. humorous幽默的，派生词；D. highway高速路，合成词。D项单词的构词法与其他选项不同。故选D。 15．What a terrible snowstorm! Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “snowstorm”? A．careless B．railway C．unhealthy D．tourist 【答案】B 【详解】考查构词法。snowstorm“暴风雪”是由snow和storm合成的，属于合成词。railway“铁路”是由rail和way合成的，属于合成词。其他词是由一个词根变来的，属于派生词。故选B项。 16．As we all know, words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, ________. A．collection B．lifeboat C．WTO D．exchange 【答案】B 【详解】考查复合词。句意：我们都知道，由其他单词组合而成的单词被称为复合词，例如。根据句意，复合词是由两个或两个以上的单词组合而成的单词，选项B. lifeboat是由单词“life”（生命）和“boat”（船）组合而成的，意为“救生船”，属于复合词。故选B。 17．As we all know, words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, ________. A．collection B．rainbow C．WTO D．exchange 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道，由其他单词组合而成的单词叫做复合词，例如彩虹。A. collection收藏品； B. rainbow彩虹；C.WTO世界贸易组织； D. exchange交换。结合句中“words formed by combining other words are called compounds”可知，把其他单词组合而成的单词叫做复合词，rainbow=rain+bow，符合题意，故选B。 18．Which of the following suffixes(后缀)means "without"? A．–able B．–ful C．–ous D．–less 【答案】D 【详解】考查形容词后缀。句意：以下哪个后缀表示“没有”? A. -able可……的；能……的；应……的；B. -ful充满……的；有……性质（或倾向）的；C. –ous充满的；D. –less没有；无。四个后缀皆为形容词后缀，只有后缀-less表示“没有，无”。故选D项。 19．Which of the following words is created the same way as sunflower! A．homework B．winner C．untidy D．musician 【答案】A 【详解】考查构词法。句意：以下哪个词的创造方式与sunflower相同！根据题干可知，sunflower是合成词，由“sun”+“flower”两个单词合成。再看选项，A选项中homework是由“home”+“work”两个单词合成，与sunflower构词形式一样。故选A项。 20．The newly-built library is a________ building. A．five-storey B．five storeys C．five-storey’s D．five storeys’ 【答案】A 【详解】考查复合形容词。句意：新建的图书馆是一座五层楼的建筑。此处表示“五层楼的”应用复合形容词five-storey。故选A。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists at South Korea’s Yonsei University have created a new type of hybrid rice that not only has a meaty pink color but is also packed with beef protein and fat cells. Rice is already one of the most nutritious foods available in nature, but thanks to some scientific “magic”, it could soon become 1 sustainable replacement for meat. The new hybrid grains are firmer than natural grains, and when 2 (cook) they maintain their traditional appearance. While the new rice doesn’t yet taste like beef, it does offer an 3 (enjoy) flavor experience, which is characteristic of meat. Thanks to the animal cells, this new pink rice could one day become a complete meal by itself, 4 (ensure) a sufficient, sustainable food supply for the whole world. “Imagine 5 (obtain) all the nutrients we need from cell-cultured protein rice,” said Park So-hyeon, co-author of the study. He said the team had experimented with different types of food products, 6 which they gained lots of understanding, but the models they got weren’t successful. In the future, scientists plan to use sustainable supplies of cells 7 can be maintained in the lab. For now, the percentage of protein in the hybrid rice is still 8 (fair) low. So they are also exploring the 9 (possible) of mixing the rice with other types of meat or fish, in order to satisfy different tastes. 10 (replace) meat actually, researchers need to increase the rice’s protein content significantly. 【答案】 1．a 2．cooked 3．enjoyable 4．ensuring 5．obtaining 6．from 7．that/which 8．fairly 9．possibility 10．To replace 【导语】本文主要介绍了韩国延世大学的科学家研发出一种新型杂交水稻，它颜色呈肉粉色，富含牛肉蛋白质和脂肪细胞，有望成为肉类的可持续替代品，同时还介绍了该水稻目前的情况及未来科学家的研究计划。 【详解】1．考查冠词。句意：大米已经是自然界中最有营养的食物之一，但由于一些科学“魔法”，它可能很快会成为肉类的一种可持续替代品。replacement为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一种可持续的替代品”，且sustainable是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。 2．考查状语从句的省略。句意：这种新的杂交谷物比天然谷物更坚硬，煮熟后仍保持其传统外观。此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为when they are cooked，当主从句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，此处省略后保留过去分词cooked。 3．考查形容词。句意：虽然这种新大米尝起来还不像牛肉，但它确实提供了一种令人愉快的类似肉的风味体验。此处修饰名词flavor experience，应用形容词enjoyable，意为“令人愉快的”。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于含有动物细胞，这种新的粉色大米有朝一日可能独自成为一顿完整的饭，确保为全世界提供充足、可持续的食物供应。此处为非谓语动词作状语，ensure与逻辑主语this new pink rice之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：“想象一下从细胞培养的蛋白质大米中获得我们所需的所有营养，”该研究的共同作者朴素贤说。imagine doing sth.为固定用法，意为“想象做某事”，所以此处用动名词obtaining。 6．考查介词。句意：他说，该团队对不同类型的食品进行了实验，从中他们获得了很多了解，但他们得到的模型并不成功。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为different types of food products，根据句意“从这些食品实验中获得了解”可知，表示“从……中”应用介词from。 7．考查定语从句。句意：未来，科学家们计划使用可在实验室中维持的可持续细胞供应。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为sustainable supplies of cells，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that。 8．考查副词。句意：目前，这种杂交水稻中的蛋白质含量仍然相当低。此处修饰形容词low，应用副词fairly，意为“相当地”。 9．考查名词。句意：所以他们也在探索将这种大米与其他种类的肉或鱼混合的可能性，以满足不同的口味。空处作动词exploring的宾语，且被定冠词修饰，提示词的名词形式possibility“可能性”符合。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了真正替代肉类，研究人员需要大幅提高这种大米的蛋白质含量。此处为非谓语动词作目的状语，应用动词不定式，位于句首，首字母需大写。 二、阅读理解 Over the years, as I dealt with the pressure of finishing my Ph.D．and starting my post-doctor, I had grown more competitive. I pushed myself to be the first to generate thrilling results and to publish in high-impact journals. Those who could have been partners became competitors I hated. But the effect of this competitive character was exactly the opposite of what I had hoped for. When I encountered scientific problems, I thought I had to solve them myself instead of asking for help. The pressure became overwhelming. I began to feel alone and lost. I became less and less productive. I emailed my tutors, explaining that I had put myself second and the job first for too long. They told me that I wasn’t the first academic to feel that way, and that I wouldn’t be the last. They agreed that I should take the time I needed to take care of myself. So, with my tutors’ support and an uncertain future, I left. Back home, I spent time with family and friends and opened up about my struggles. At first, I was ashamed. But the more I talked about my demons, the more other people told me about their own. I also started to receive emails from my workmates. After a few lines asking how I was, many expressed worries about how they were managing the stress of academic life. Vulnerable researchers were sticking their heads out of their shells. Our relationships deepened. I began to feel less alone. Three months later, I was prepared to go back to the science that I loved, and I now had a foundation to be more open with my colleagues. I understood that we all struggle sometimes, and that collaboration can be more powerful than competition. With a bit of time, collaboration has replaced competition. Working with others and seeking help doesn’t weaken my value or contributions; it means we can all win. I no longer feel lonely and unhappy. 11．How did the author feel after adopting a competitive approach? A．Overwhelmed and alone. B．Ashamed and annoyed. C．Motivated and productive. D．Empowered and successful. 12．Why did the writer take a break? A．He was always the last. B．He cared about himself too late. C．He got serious homesick. D．He needed some time to readjust. 13．What does “poking their heads out of their shells” mean in paragraph 4 ? A．Competing with others fiercely. B．Hiding their true feelings inside. C．Leaving their positions to have a rest. D．Opening up about their own struggles. 14．Why does the author write the passage? A．To describe her stress in scientific research. B．To show the importance of strict self-demand. C．To share her shift from competition to cooperation. D．To explain her ways to publish papers in top journals. 【答案】11．A 12．D 13．D 14．C 【导语】本文讲述了作者在科研道路上的心路历程：起初作者一味争强好胜、凡事单打独斗，最终深陷压力、孤独迷茫；之后她选择暂时休整，与亲友、同事敞开心扉交流，逐渐领悟到合作远比竞争更重要，最终完成心态转变，以合作的姿态重新投入科研，并收获了快乐与成长。 【详解】11．推理判断题。根据第二段“The pressure became overwhelming. I began to feel alone and lost.(压力变得难以承受。我开始感到孤独迷茫。)”可知，作者秉持争强好胜的处事态度后，感觉不堪重负且孤独。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段“They agreed that I should take the time I needed to take care of myself. So, with my tutors’ support and an uncertain future, I left.(他们也同意我该停下脚步，好好关照自己。于是，在导师的支持下，纵使前路未知，我还是选择了离开。)”可知，作者选择暂停工作，休整一段时间是因为他需要时间调整状态。 13．词句猜测题。根据上文“At first, I was ashamed. But the more I talked about my demons, the more other people told me about their own. I also started to receive emails from my workmates. After a few lines asking how I was, many expressed worries about how they were managing the stress of academic life.(起初我内心十分羞愧。但我越是袒露内心的困扰，其他人也越愿意诉说各自的烦恼。我还陆续收到同事的邮件，几句简单的问候过后，不少人都倾诉起自己难以应对学术工作的压力。)”可知，作者倾诉烦恼后，其他人也开始诉说自己的压力与困境。由此可知，poking their heads out of their shells意为“敞开心扉诉说自身困境”。 14．推理判断题。根据第五段“I understood that we all struggle sometimes, and that collaboration can be more powerful than competition.(我明白了，每个人都会有陷入困境的时候，而合作远比竞争更有力量。)”以及最后一段“With a bit of time, collaboration has replaced competition.(久而久之，合作取代了竞争。)”以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享自己从竞争转向合作的经历与感悟。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $