暑假作业13 阅读理解（说明文）（巩固培优）七年级英语新教材人教版

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读理解核心题型，系统提炼推理判断与主旨大意解题方法，通过多主题典例实现方法迁移与语言能力、思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |推理判断题|2类技巧+多题|关注特定细节（事实/数字/同义词）、作者语气（措辞/句式）|从细节识别到隐含信息推断，形成“事实→态度→结论”逻辑链| |主旨大意题|2类技巧+多题|抓关键词（实词/同义词）、析主题句（段首/末/中位置及功能）|从局部关键词串联到整体段落结构分析，构建“细节→中心”归纳路径| |说明文阅读|10篇真题|结合技巧解决词义猜测/主旨/推理等题型|覆盖自然/文化/科技等中考高频主题，实现“方法→应用”能力转化|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业13 阅读理解（说明文） 推理判断题的解题技巧 推理判断题,通常应注意以下两点: (1)特别留心特定细节 所谓“特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实,一般包括事实根据、名字(人物或地点)、数字(日期或统计数字)、关键词语的其他表达方法(同义词、近义词、反义词)等。 (2)注意作者的语气和态度 作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。要特别注意感情色彩比较浓重的形容词和副词,特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度;从句式的长短和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气。 主旨大意题的解题技巧 (1)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的实词,如名词、动词等。冠词或介词等虚词均不在关键词之列。需要注意的是,为了避免同一词的过多重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词,或用代词指代。我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句,比如大多数记叙文。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进行论述。因此,我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。 (2)注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意。 段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(Topic Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题(Topic);②阐述控制概念(Controlling Idea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。 主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章(如科普文章)的时候,主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。 ①主题句位于段首 主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。 a.寻找主题句 有些段落,有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有:for example,an example of,the most important example,first,second,next,then,last,finally,to begin with,also,besides that等。 在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从段落中的for example可以断定,前一句话是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句话为主题句,在第二句话前面添加一个for example,看看第二句话是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句话不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。 b.选择答案 先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所给的选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的转述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。 ②主题句位于段末 主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。 ③主题句位于段落的中间 主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。 （1） （24-25七年级下·广东珠海·期末）Swimming is a great way to stay healthy and have fun! But it can be dangerous if we don’t do it the right way. In China, drowning (溺水) is the main cause of accidental death (意外身亡) among children and teenagers. So, let’s learn some easy tips to swim safely. ◆Warm Up Before You Swim One of the most important things you can do to stay safe while swimming is to warm up before you get into the water. You can do simple exercises like jumping jacks, arm circles, and leg swings to get your body ready for swimming. ◆Learn to Swim in a Right Way If you don’t know how to swim, take lessons from a professional coach (专业教练). Even if you can swim a little, learning the right skills can help you stay safe in the water. ◆Build a Strong Body Strength training is great for swimmers too! Simple exercises at home, like jump rope or sit-ups, can be very beneficial. They can help make your body stronger, and even improve your swimming skills. ◆Know What to Do in an Emergency (紧急情况) Always swim in safe places like swimming pools or beaches where there are lifeguards (救生员). If someone is drowning, don’t try to save them by yourself. Call for help instead or use a long stick or a rope to pull them to a safe place. If you’re in trouble, stay calm and float (漂浮) on your back until help arrives. Remember, swimming is a great way to keep healthy and have fun, but always follow these tips to be safe. 1．Why is warming up important before swimming? A．To help swim faster. B．To improve swimming skills. C．To help lose weight. D．To get ready for swimming. 2．According to the passage, which exercise is good for building strength? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “beneficial” mean in the passage? A．Useful. B．Scary. C．Beautiful. D．Terrible. 4．What can you learn from the passage? A．People don’t need to warm up before swimming. B．Learning the right swimming skills can help you keep safe in the water. C．Swimming in rivers is always safe for good swimmers. D．If someone is drowning, jump into the water and save them by yourself. 5．Where is the passage probably from? A．A student’s diary. B．An English learning app. C．A health magazine. D．A storybook. （2） （24-25七年级下·广东珠海·期末）In the south of China, there are special days called “Hui Nantian”. During February and March every year, it feels like everything is full of water. Just like the water drops on the outside of a cold glass, our homes can get wet too! When winter turns to spring, warm and wet air from the sea meets cold air. The cold air is under 12℃. This makes the houses wet. It’s just like the bathroom after a shower—water drops can be on windows, floors, and even ceilings! “Hui Nantian” brings many problems. Wet clothes take three days or more to dry. Shoes may even become fuzzy. Floors become wet so it’s easy for people to slip. Here are some ways to keep “Hui Nantian” away. ●Keep windows closed from about 8:00 to 16:00, because it’s always wet at that time. ●Open windows after 16:00 when air gets cool. ●Dry clothes indoors with fans or dryers. ●Clear away the water drops with dry towels 2-3 times a day. However, “Hui Nantian” is not all bad. The wet weather helps trees and flowers grow. It’s also a gift for farmers. Let’s face it actively. The sun will shine again, our dry and happy homes will also come back soon! 1．“Hui Nantian” may last ________ month (s). A．one B．two C．three D．four 2．Why does “Hui Nantian” happen according to Paragraph 2? A．The houses are wet in the south of China in spring. B．Cold air from the mountains meets warm air. C．Wet and warm air from the sea meets cold air. D．Strong winds from the sea meets cold air under 12℃. 3．What does the underline word slip mean? A．Fall down. B．Have fun. C．Run on. D．Walk on. 4．If we open windows on “Hui Nantian”, the changes of humidity (湿度) will be ________. A． B． C． D． 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Dangerous “Hui Nantian” B．How to Keep “Hui Nantian” Away C．“Hui Nantian” in China D．The Gifts from “Hui Nantian” （3） （24-25七年级下·广东汕头·期末） Family rules are important. They help your children to know what is and isn’t OK in the family. But how can you make good family rules for your children? When you make family rules, it’s good for you to let your children join in. When you talk about rules with them, they are more likely (更有可能) to follow them. First, you need to tell your children what to do, not what not to do. For example, “Go to bed before 9:30 p.m.!” is good. “Don’t go to bed late!” isn’t. Second, rules need to be clear (清晰的) for children to follow. For example, “Eat an egg every morning!” is good. “It’s important to eat well!” isn’t. Also, it’s good for you to write down the rules to help children remember them. For little children, you can draw pictures to help them understand the rules. Sometimes we need to change family rules. For example, when your children get older, you can make rules about helping with housework. When you change rules, it’s good to let your children join you in making changes to the rules. 1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Parents. B．Rules. C．Children. D．Housework and homework. 2．According to the passage, which of the following is a good rule? A．Don’t go out in the evening. B．Don’t wear your skirts to school. C．It’s important to get up early in the morning. D．Listen to English for an hour every morning. 3．Why is it good to draw pictures about rules for little children? A．Pictures are easy to understand. B．Drawing can help parents relax. C．Pictures can make children happy. D．Pictures can help children make rules. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? (P= Paragraph) A．B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．What Good Family Rules Are like B．How to Make Good Family Rules C．The Right Time to Change Family Rules D．Children’s Ideas About Family Rules （4） （24-25七年级下·广东汕头·期末）Chinese paper-cutting or Jianzhi, is a kind of folk art. People usually use scissors or knives to cut paper. It has a long history of over 1,500 years. Let’s learn something about paper-cutting. Wonderful meanings Paper-cutting has some wonderful meanings. Some paper-cuttings mean happiness and good luck. At the Spring Festival, people paste Fu on doors or windows. At a wedding (婚礼), people paste Xi. Why is it red? In China, people always love red. In our mind, red is hope and life, so red is our favourite. We can see red everywhere in China. The walls of old palaces are red. Lanterns are red. ▲ . Black paper-cuttings in Shanzhou Many of the paper-cuttings are red, but paper-cuttings in Shanzhou, Henan province are black. Black is the best colour there. Shanzhou is a dry place. People make black paper-cuttings and wish for rain. Now, paper-cutting is getting into many schools. Students can learn how to make paper-cuttings at school. Li Jie, a middle school student, says, “It’s really wonderful to change paper into different kinds of pictures, such as flowers and animals. We enjoy it.” 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By introducing Chinese paper-cutting. B．By asking a question. C．By sharing a Chinese paper-cutting story. D．By giving an example. 2．What does the underlined word “paste” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．look back. B．put up. C．take off. D．go over. 3．Which sentence can be the best to put in ________ in Paragraph 3? A．The history of paper-cutting is very long. B．Paper-cuttings of animals are very common. C．Weddings are always full of red things, too. D．Students learn paper-cuttings at school. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The meanings of paper-cutting. B．The colours of paper-cutting. C．Paper-cutting in many places. D．Some facts about paper-cutting. （5） （24-25七年级下·福建厦门·期末） When there is lightning... ①You can go indoors or stay in a car with the windows closed. Never stay under a tree or an umbrella. They both draw lightning. ②If you are on the top of a mountain, run downhill as fast as you can. Because lightning often strikes (击中) hilltops. Don’t go into wet caves (山洞), for lightning can rush down wet peaks. ③If you are caught in the open, crouch (蹲下) on your schoolbag with your feet and hands off the ground. ④A storm could be on the way. Count the number of seconds between seeing lightning and hearing thunder (雷声). It tells you how far away the storm is. 1．The underlined word “draw” in ① probably means ________ according to the entries (词条) on the right. A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4 2．You should stay away from wet caves when there’s lightning because________ A．you can’t stay indoors B．lightning can strike hilltops C．you can’t run downhill fast D．lightning can rush down wet peaks 3．Which is the best picture to match with ③ A．B．C． D． 4．If you hear thunder 12 seconds after seeing lightning, you are about________ away from the storm. A．2 miles B．3 miles C．4 kilometers D．5 kilometers （1） （24-25七年级下·福建厦门·期末） Do you know Labubu? It’s a funny little monster with wide eyes and sharp teeth, created by Chinese artist Kasing Lung. It looks very special among cute toys because of its “ugly-cute” style (风格). Labubu is welcome all over the world. This cute character (角色) has about 300,000 followers on TikTok. People in Los Angeles even waited in a long queue at 3 a.m. for it. So what makes it a big star? First, its playful face brings joy and you can’t help but smile back! Second, it’s fun to collect-the surprise blind boxes are exciting, and kids love sharing their Labubu toys on the Internet. Third, Labubu mixes (结合) Chinese culture with cute styles around the world, making it both special and easy to be loved. Labubu is more than just a toy. Its success shows how people think differently about collections (收藏品) now. They enjoy mixing art fashion, and the things they love, and Labubu is part of that. Moreover, it’s changing how people see. Chinese creativity (创意). Many people overseas become interested in modern Chinese culture, not just common symbols like pandas or dragons. As Labubu’s creator says, “Every place has its own monsters, but mine tells Chinese stories.” Maybe that’s why Labubu succeeds. 1．What can we know about Labubu from Paragraph 1? ①looks    ②meaning    ③birthday    ④creator A．①③ B．①④ C．②④ D．②③ 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Which culture Labubu carries. B．Where people can get Labubu. C．Why Labubu becomes so popular. D．How people share love for Labubu. 3．Why does the writer mention (提到) “pandas or dragons” in Paragraph 3? A．To say Labubu’s idea comes from pandas or dragons. B．To show pandas and dragons are famous Chinese things. C．To explain Labubu is different from old Chinese symbols. D．To introduce China has many kinds of cool things to collect. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph? A．Labubu tells a Chinese story about success. B．Monsters from different places tell similar stories. C．Every place has monsters that tell Chinese stories. D．Labubu helps share Chinese culture in a new fun way. （2） （24-25七年级下·湖北武汉·期末）What time of a day do you feel the freshest? Are you a morning person? Or does your brain (大脑) need a few hours to get going? A lot of studies show that we should pay attention to our body clock. It can tells us what time of day we can do things best. When it comes to a person’s brain, most people work best later in the morning. This is because the body’s temperature takes time to rise through the day. Taking a warm shower when you wake up can help your body’s temperature rise quickly. But everyone’s body clock is different, and some are special. Morning people will get up early and work better early in the day. Evening people will work later, but work better at the end of the day. The study shows that we’re better at some activities at certain times of the day. Physical performance (体能) is at its best between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m., ★. Between noon and 4 p.m., people begin to pay less attention. This is because our brain becomes less fresh after we eat a big meal. The study also shows we become sleepy around 2 p.m. This is why people in Spain take a short sleep in early afternoon. Finally, it is best to eat when we are active. This helps our body take away calories (卡路里) better and stops our blood sugar levels (血糖指数) from getting too high. 1．What can you do to help you work best after waking up? A． B． C． D． 2．What can we know about a morning person? A．He gets up later but works better. B．He goes to bed late every night. C．He likes exercising in the morning. D．He works better early in the day. 3．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．and we need to have a big meal this time. B．so we need to do some important work. C．so it’s better to exercise this time. D．but it’s easy for us to focus. 4．Why is it best to eat when we’re active? A．It helps us sleep much better. B．It can help to cut down calories. C．The brain can’t think quickly then. D．It makes us have more blood sugar. 5．Which might be the best title for the passage? A．A Balanced Life B．How to keep healthy C．A Morning Person D．The Best Time to Do Something （3） （24-25七年级下·湖北·期末）In the past, Chinese children played many wonderful traditional games like rope skipping (跳绳), shuttlecock (毽子) kicking, and iron hoop rolling. These games were not only fun but also helped kids exercise and make friends. However, today these games are slowly disappearing (消失) from children’s lives. Many people worry that this important part of culture may be lost. One main reason is technology. With smartphones and computers everywhere, many children now like playing digital games (电子游戏) indoors better than outdoor activities. A survey shows that three quarters of Chinese children spend over 2 hours daily on electronic devices (电子设备) such as computers and smartphones. Traditional games that need physical movement and face-to-face interaction (交流) seem “old-fashioned” to them. Another reason is the lack (缺少) of space. In modern cities, playgrounds are becoming fewer because buildings take over open areas. ★ Also, busy parents don’t have enough time to teach these games to their children. Some schools try to keep the tradition (传统) alive by including these games in PE classes, but it’s not enough. The loss of these games means more than just losing fun activities. They were an important part of Chinese culture. Without them, children miss chances to develop social skills and learn about their heritage. 1．How many Chinese children spend over 2 hours daily on electronic devices? A．20%. B．45%. C．75%. D．90%. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Traditional games are too boring to play. B．Children don’t know where to play traditional games. C．Children are too lazy to play traditional games. D．This makes traditional games less interesting. 3．It’s clear that traditional games are ________. A．too difficult for children now B．only popular in poor areas C．more expensive than digital games D．helpful to learn about culture 4．What does “heritage” in the last paragraph mean? A．new technology B．cultural traditions C．school subjects D．P. E. classes 5．How does the writer feel about the disappearance of Chinese traditional games? A．Terrible. B．Magical. C．Hopeful. D．Angry. （4） （24-25七年级下·湖北武汉·期末）When you wake up on the first day of your holiday, you enjoy a delicious breakfast and then take a walk in the park. You surely feel happy and relaxed. But by the late afternoon, you might start to feel bored! If this happens to you, don’t worry. You’re not the only one. Having too much free time isn’t always great. So, how much free time is the best for our happiness? Researchers (研究者) wanted to find the answer. They asked thousands of people questions. They wrote down how people spent their time and how happy they were. After studying all the information, the researchers found that less than two hours of free time a day isn’t enough to make people happy. People with less than two hours of free time usually feel stressed (有压力的). That’s because they are too busy working to enjoy themselves. It’s true that being too busy makes people less happy. Some might think that more free time is better. But here’s a surprise: having a lot of free time doesn’t always make us happy. People feel good when they finish things. But if they have more than five hours of free time a day, they can’t get this happy feeling. So, ★ . In fact, what really matters is how we spend our free time. If we do active (积极的) things like playing team sports, five or more hours of free time a day can keep us happy or even make us happier. But if we just sit in our room watching TV, playing video games by ourselves, or doing nothing interesting for five or more hours, we certainly won’t feel happy. 1．What’s the main function (功能) of paragraph 1? A．To list holiday activities. B．To lead in the topic. C．To give readers advice. D．To give research results. 2．The underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 means ________. A．people with enough free time B．the researchers who did the study C．the people who took part in the study D．people with less than two hours of free time 3．What did the researchers find about free time? A．Free time makes people bored. B．More free time brings more happiness. C．Too much free time can also bring problems. D．Less than two hours of free time a day is enough. 4．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．are you feeling happy or not? B．less free time makes us happier C．too much free time isn’t good, either. D．that’s why we need to work much harder. 5．What picture shows the right way to spend free time actively? A． B． C． D． （5） （24-25七年级下·湖北武汉·期末）In a fun conversation, someone asked ChatGPT to count the number of R’s in “strawberry”. ChatGPT answered that there were two, the eighth and ninth letters. The questioner broke apart the word and thought there were three R’s. But ChatGPT argued that there were two R’s in “strawberry” because the “R” in “straw” is part of the word. ★ It has something to do with its special way of understanding text. When humans read, we process text linearly (线性地) and read each letter in order. For us, “strawberry” is easily understood as a line of characters. As a result, it’s simple to count the letters. AI, on the other hand, depends on a process called tokenization (文本切分). This process breaks down text into smaller units, or tokens (符号). These can be whole words, parts of words, or even single characters. That depends on the model’s training. For example, “strawberry” might be tokenized as “straw” and “berry”. When you ask AI to count letters, such as R’s in “strawberry”, it won’t check the characters themselves. Instead, it sees larger parts, like “straw” and “berry”. It’s just trying to count the number of letters in a word without splitting it up first.   In our AI-driven world today, we ask for quick answers and ideas. The strawberry test is a good example of how important it is to check, and sometimes double-check, information from AI. Even the “smartest” AI models can make simple mistakes. 1．Why does the writer mention “strawberry” in Paragraph 1? A．To tell humans are smarter than AI. B．To describe how AI understands words. C．To show AI may give wrong answers. D．To explain why AI is poor in counting letters. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．How can AI make such a mistake? B．What should we do when AI is wrong? C．Are there other words that can trouble AI? D．Why did the questioner break apart the word? 3．What does the underlined phrase “splitting it up” mean? A．putting it together B．checking it out C．breaking it apart D．counting it down 4．How does the writer feel about AI? A．Correct but useless. B．Slow but smart. C．Wonderful but simple. D．Useful but mistaken. 5．What would be the best theme (主题) picture of the passage? A． B． C． D． （1） （24-25七年级下·广东深圳·期末） A video showing bollards (隔离墩) in Shenzhen became very popular online recently. These posts can charge (充电) phones wirelessly. People were amazed by this “high-tech” invention. Many shared photos online, saying the bollards looked “cool”. Some even called them “the most useful invention ever.” In Longhua District, rows of these bollards stand by the street. Each has a wide flat top for sitting, a screen and a wireless charging spot. You can charge phones without wires quickly by placing them on the black part—no cables needed! “First time seeing charging bollards!” said a happy user. A tourist added, “I wish my city had these. So easy to charge outside!” Huang Fei from Shenzhen Green Force Tech explained these smart bollards do more than offer seats. They weigh 260 kilograms. Besides wireless charging, their screens you can touch show videos, maps, and facts. Using sun power, they count visitors to help nearby shops know busy times. “We keep people’s information safe,” Huang promised. Workers placed 15 bollards here for free. At night, they show public service ads like safety tips. Some people worried about safety. “Don’t worry,” Huang said. “They block rain and use safe low electricity. Besides, workers check them often.” The company plans to put these bollards in cities across China. They want technology to make city life better for everyone. “Our goal is to show how clever ideas improve cities,” Huang added. “Making daily life easier with simple solutions.” 1．What is people’s attitude to the smart bollards in Paragraph 1? A．Unhappy. B．Welcoming. C．Uninterested. D．Excited. 2．What is the smart bollards mainly used for? A．Showing safety ads. B．Showing videos and maps. C．Charging phone wirelessly. D．Counting visitors for shops. 3．How does the bollard get power to work? A．By using solar energy. B．With batteries changed daily. C．Through cables underground. D．From nearby shops’ electricity. 4．How does the company deal with people’s worries? A．By using low electricity power. B．By showing public service ads. C．By adding more cable connections. D．By checking the smart bollards less often. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Solar Energy’s Future in Cities. B．Charging Phones Without Cables. C．Huang Fei’s Tech Company Story. D．Smart Bollards: Shenzhen’s Invention. （2） （24-25七年级下·广东深圳·期末）阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 In Kenya, Africa, farmers used to face hard times. Their fields often dried up under the hot sun, and floods (洪水) sometimes washed away crops. Without enough water, many families couldn’t grow enough food to eat or sell. To solve this problem, China and Kenya worked together. In 2018, engineers from China started a special project. They dug long canals (运河) to bring water from the Nzoia River to dry farmlands. The canals can also help protect farms from floods. The changes were amazing. The project covers 8,000 hectares (公顷) of land and supports over 12,000 families. Before this project, farmers like Henry Odhiambo had difficulty growing food. But now, his fields are full of vegetables like tomatoes. “Water changed our life—we have hope again!” Henry says. The project did more than bring water. It created jobs for villagers, and their lives became safer and happier. “We built strong canals and solved water problems,” says Chinese engineer Wang Jianfei. Now, children don’t go hungry during dry seasons, and families can plan for the future. This partnership shows how countries can help each other. By sharing knowledge and working hard, China and Kenya turned difficulty into hope. 1．In which part did Kenya have problems? A．Growing food. B．Providing jobs. C．Getting electricity. D．Selling crops. 2．What do the numbers “8,000” and “12,000” show in Paragraph 3? A．The cost of digging the canals. B．The types of grown vegetables. C．The result and success of the project. D．The income of selling farm produce. 3．How did the project help villagers besides providing water? A．By building schools and hospitals. B．By creating jobs and improving safety. C．By teaching children canal engineering. D．By giving free food to every household. 4．How does Wang Jianfei probably feel about the project? A．Unsure. B．Worried. C．Surprised. D．Proud. 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Building canals takes lots of money. B．Water is important for growing crops. C．Working together makes a difference. D．Kenyan need more support from China. （3） （24-25七年级下·广东深圳·期末） TOKYO, July 14, 2024—How much salt do you like to put on your food? Salt makes food taste better. And our bodies need a small amount of salt to stay healthy. However, eating too much salt can be bad for our health. For example, it can increase the possibility of having a stroke. The bad news is that a lot of people are eating too much salt nowadays. In Japan, people eat about ten grams of it a day. It is five grams more than the doctor suggests. But the good news is that now there may be an answer to this problem. An electric spoon can make food taste saltier than it really is! Japanese drinks company Kirin Holdings has released the “Electric Salt Spoon”. It uses electricity to increase the taste of salt in food by one and a half times. In 2021, Kirin surveyed people who had cut down on the amount of salt in their diet. It found 80% of them weren’t happy with the taste of food with less salt. To solve the problem, Kirin developed the “Electric Salt Spoon”. With the help of it, people can enjoy their meals without eating too much salt. Kirin is also working on electric chopsticks. However, it decided to release electric spoons first because many people wanted to enjoy noodles and soup with stronger salty taste. Kirin plans to sell electric spoons around the world next year. It is expected (预期) that they will reach 1, 000, 000 people in five years. 1．What is the result of adding too much salt to food? A．People will live longer. B．People will get sick. C．The food will taste better. D．The food will go bad. 2．How much salt does the doctor advise us to eat every day? A．5grams. B．10 grams. C．15 grams. D．20 grams. 3．What can people do with electric salt spoons? A．Eat less food. B．Weigh the salt. C．Eat more salt. D．Enjoy food healthily. 4．Which picture shows the main idea of the last paragraph? A． B． C． D． 5．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To sell more salty food to people in Japan. B．To give us some advice on keeping healthy. C．To tell us some facts about an electric product. D．To show the problems of eating too much salt. （4） （24-25七年级下·广东深圳·期末）①In today’s world, scientists are developing innovative (创新的) solutions to environmental problems. Let’s explore three groundbreaking ones. ② Engineers in Amsterdam have invented a new birdhouse. It has computers inside and is powered by solar panels on its roof. When the air is clean enough, the birdhouse turns green and provides free WiFi to people nearby. If the air gets polluted, it turns red. People love this idea. They ride bikes more, so the air gets cleaner and they get free internet. ③In Chile’s dry desert areas, getting clean water is not easy. Scientists created a smart machine. It takes water from the air and works like this: when warm air touches its cold surface, water drops form — just like on a cold drink can. The machine collects the water and cleans it. One such machine can produce enough water each day for a family of four to drink. Best of all, it uses solar power, so it works even in places without electricity. ④A famous British band had cool ideas for their concerts (演唱会). They installed (安装) special floors on stage called “Kinetic floors”. The floors can make electricity when fans dance. The band also offer fans exercise bikes to ride, and this helped power the show! At one concert, the electricity fans made was enough to power 300 homes for an hour! Now, many other bands are following these cool ideas. 1．What can the birdhouse in Amsterdam do? A．Test the air quality. B．Provide solar power. C．Check WiFi speed. D．Make weather reports. 2．Why did the writer mention “a cold drink can” in paragraph 3? A．To compare cold drinks with hot ones. B．To show how the smart machine works. C．To test the readers on what water cycle is. D．To describe water shortage in desert areas. 3．What do the first two inventions have in common? A．They make electricity. B．They clean polluted water. C．They use solar energy. D．They reduce air pollution. 4．Which poster BEST matches the concerts according to paragraph 4? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the structure of the passage? A． B．C． D． （5） （24-25七年级下·广东深圳·期末） China has its own “spidermen” in Huangshan, Anhui Province. Their work is not to save the world, but to collect rubbish from high mountain or get phones dropped by tourists. Li Peisheng, 51, is one of the 18 spidermen. They climbed down the Mountain on ropes to keep it clean. “We collect and clean rubbish from very steep cliffs (悬崖),” he said. “When we climb, one hand holds tight, and the other hand moves us carefully. We must be careful not to hit the rocks or bushes.” He added, “To be a ‘Spider-Man’ cleaner, you need a strong awareness of safety and you have to be responsible. Besides, you’d better be in very good health. People with heart problems can’t do this job.” About 20 years ago, 800,000 tourists visited Huangshan every year. At that time, the “Spider-Men” used to climb down seven or eight times a day, sometimes even 10 times, to pick up trash. In recent years, about 4.5 million tourists come each year, but they climb down only four or five times a day, and seven or eight times a day during busy tourist seasons. It shows that visitors are becoming more careful with the environment. Mr. Li said, “We protect the mountains and rivers to help the future of the younger generations (年轻一代). I think it is meaningful! I will continue to work for the beauty and cleanness of Huangshan and help more travelers experience amazing natural beauty of Huangshan.” 1．What do “spidermen” in Huangshan mainly do? A．Save people in danger. B．Collect rubbish from mountaintops. C．Protect wild animals. D．Guide tourists around the mountain. 2．What does Li Peisheng think of his work? A．It’s relaxing with few requirements (要求). B．It’s boring without any special skills needed. C．It’s dangerous as the rubbish is often on cliffs. D．It’s easy because he just needs to pick up trash. 3．What are the requirements to become a Spider-Men cleaner? ①awareness of safety  ②travelling experience  ③responsibility  ④good health A．①③④ B．②③④ C．①②③ D．①②④ 4．Why do the “spidermen” climb fewer times a day now than 20 years ago? A．The spidermen are getting older and weaker. B．There are fewer tourists visiting Huangshan. C．The trash on the mountain has become lighter. D．Visitors can do better in protecting environment. 5．What can we learn from Li Peisheng’s words in the last paragraph? A．He is old now and wants to stop working soon. B．He hopes more people will visit Huangshan in the future. C．He is proud of his job and will keep doing it in the future. D．He believes the mountain will become cleaner in the future. 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业13 阅读理解（说明文） 推理判断题的解题技巧 推理判断题,通常应注意以下两点: (1)特别留心特定细节 所谓“特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实,一般包括事实根据、名字(人物或地点)、数字(日期或统计数字)、关键词语的其他表达方法(同义词、近义词、反义词)等。 (2)注意作者的语气和态度 作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。要特别注意感情色彩比较浓重的形容词和副词,特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度;从句式的长短和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气。 主旨大意题的解题技巧 (1)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的实词,如名词、动词等。冠词或介词等虚词均不在关键词之列。需要注意的是,为了避免同一词的过多重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词,或用代词指代。我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句,比如大多数记叙文。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进行论述。因此,我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。 (2)注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意。 段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(Topic Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题(Topic);②阐述控制概念(Controlling Idea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。 主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章(如科普文章)的时候,主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。 ①主题句位于段首 主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。 a.寻找主题句 有些段落,有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有:for example,an example of,the most important example,first,second,next,then,last,finally,to begin with,also,besides that等。 在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从段落中的for example可以断定,前一句话是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句话为主题句,在第二句话前面添加一个for example,看看第二句话是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句话不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。 b.选择答案 先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所给的选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的转述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。 ②主题句位于段末 主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。 ③主题句位于段落的中间 主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。 （1） （24-25七年级下·广东珠海·期末）Swimming is a great way to stay healthy and have fun! But it can be dangerous if we don’t do it the right way. In China, drowning (溺水) is the main cause of accidental death (意外身亡) among children and teenagers. So, let’s learn some easy tips to swim safely. ◆Warm Up Before You Swim One of the most important things you can do to stay safe while swimming is to warm up before you get into the water. You can do simple exercises like jumping jacks, arm circles, and leg swings to get your body ready for swimming. ◆Learn to Swim in a Right Way If you don’t know how to swim, take lessons from a professional coach (专业教练). Even if you can swim a little, learning the right skills can help you stay safe in the water. ◆Build a Strong Body Strength training is great for swimmers too! Simple exercises at home, like jump rope or sit-ups, can be very beneficial. They can help make your body stronger, and even improve your swimming skills. ◆Know What to Do in an Emergency (紧急情况) Always swim in safe places like swimming pools or beaches where there are lifeguards (救生员). If someone is drowning, don’t try to save them by yourself. Call for help instead or use a long stick or a rope to pull them to a safe place. If you’re in trouble, stay calm and float (漂浮) on your back until help arrives. Remember, swimming is a great way to keep healthy and have fun, but always follow these tips to be safe. 1．Why is warming up important before swimming? A．To help swim faster. B．To improve swimming skills. C．To help lose weight. D．To get ready for swimming. 2．According to the passage, which exercise is good for building strength? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “beneficial” mean in the passage? A．Useful. B．Scary. C．Beautiful. D．Terrible. 4．What can you learn from the passage? A．People don’t need to warm up before swimming. B．Learning the right swimming skills can help you keep safe in the water. C．Swimming in rivers is always safe for good swimmers. D．If someone is drowning, jump into the water and save them by yourself. 5．Where is the passage probably from? A．A student’s diary. B．An English learning app. C．A health magazine. D．A storybook. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出游泳是保持健康和娱乐的好方式，但存在危险，溺水是中国儿童和青少年意外身亡的主要原因，随后从游泳前热身、正确学习游泳、增强体质、应对紧急情况四个方面介绍了安全游泳的小贴士。 1．细节理解题。根据“One of the most important things you can do to stay safe while swimming is to warm up before you get into the water. You can do simple exercises like jumping jacks, arm circles, and leg swings to get your body ready for swimming.”可知，游泳前热身是为了让身体为游泳做好准备，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Strength training is great for swimmers too! Simple exercises at home, like jump rope or sit-ups, can be very beneficial.”可知，跳绳或仰卧起坐这类锻炼有助于增强体质，选项C图片是跳绳运动，故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Strength training is great for swimmers too! Simple exercises at home, like jump rope or sit-ups, can be very beneficial. They can help make your body stronger, and even improve your swimming skills.”可知，跳绳、仰卧起坐能让身体更强壮，还能提升游泳技巧，说明这些锻炼是有用的，“beneficial”意为“有用的”，与“Useful”意思相近，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Even if you can swim a little, learning the right skills can help you stay safe in the water.”可知，学习正确的游泳技巧有助于在水中保持安全，B选项表述正确，故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“Swimming is a great way to stay healthy and have fun! But it can be dangerous if we don’t do it the right way... So, let’s learn some easy tips to swim safely.”可知，文章围绕“游泳与健康安全”展开，介绍安全游泳的方法，最可能来自健康杂志，故选C。 （2） （24-25七年级下·广东珠海·期末）In the south of China, there are special days called “Hui Nantian”. During February and March every year, it feels like everything is full of water. Just like the water drops on the outside of a cold glass, our homes can get wet too! When winter turns to spring, warm and wet air from the sea meets cold air. The cold air is under 12℃. This makes the houses wet. It’s just like the bathroom after a shower—water drops can be on windows, floors, and even ceilings! “Hui Nantian” brings many problems. Wet clothes take three days or more to dry. Shoes may even become fuzzy. Floors become wet so it’s easy for people to slip. Here are some ways to keep “Hui Nantian” away. ●Keep windows closed from about 8:00 to 16:00, because it’s always wet at that time. ●Open windows after 16:00 when air gets cool. ●Dry clothes indoors with fans or dryers. ●Clear away the water drops with dry towels 2-3 times a day. However, “Hui Nantian” is not all bad. The wet weather helps trees and flowers grow. It’s also a gift for farmers. Let’s face it actively. The sun will shine again, our dry and happy homes will also come back soon! 1．“Hui Nantian” may last ________ month (s). A．one B．two C．three D．four 2．Why does “Hui Nantian” happen according to Paragraph 2? A．The houses are wet in the south of China in spring. B．Cold air from the mountains meets warm air. C．Wet and warm air from the sea meets cold air. D．Strong winds from the sea meets cold air under 12℃. 3．What does the underline word slip mean? A．Fall down. B．Have fun. C．Run on. D．Walk on. 4．If we open windows on “Hui Nantian”, the changes of humidity (湿度) will be ________. A． B． C． D． 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Dangerous “Hui Nantian” B．How to Keep “Hui Nantian” Away C．“Hui Nantian” in China D．The Gifts from “Hui Nantian” 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国南方春季特有的“回南天”天气现象。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“During February and March every year, it feels like everything is full of water.”可知，每年二月和三月，感觉一切都充满了水。由此推知，2月和3月这两个月是“回南天”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“When winter turns to spring, warm and wet air from the sea meets cold air. The cold air is under 12 ℃. This makes the houses wet.”可知，当冬季转入春季时，来自海洋的温暖潮湿空气与冷空气相遇。冷空气温度低于12℃。这导致房屋受潮。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Floors become wet so it’s easy for people to slip.”可知，地面变得湿滑，因此人们容易滑倒。由此推测，slip意为“滑倒”，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Keep windows closed from about 8:00 to 16:00, because it’s always wet at that time.”和“Open windows after 16:00 when air gets cool.”可知，上午八点至下午四点需要关闭窗户，因为天气潮湿；下午四点之后打开窗户，天气凉爽。由此推断，下午四点之后，湿度下降。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。阅读全文，主要介绍了中国南方春季特有的“回南天”天气现象。故选C。 （3） （24-25七年级下·广东汕头·期末） Family rules are important. They help your children to know what is and isn’t OK in the family. But how can you make good family rules for your children? When you make family rules, it’s good for you to let your children join in. When you talk about rules with them, they are more likely (更有可能) to follow them. First, you need to tell your children what to do, not what not to do. For example, “Go to bed before 9:30 p.m.!” is good. “Don’t go to bed late!” isn’t. Second, rules need to be clear (清晰的) for children to follow. For example, “Eat an egg every morning!” is good. “It’s important to eat well!” isn’t. Also, it’s good for you to write down the rules to help children remember them. For little children, you can draw pictures to help them understand the rules. Sometimes we need to change family rules. For example, when your children get older, you can make rules about helping with housework. When you change rules, it’s good to let your children join you in making changes to the rules. 1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Parents. B．Rules. C．Children. D．Housework and homework. 2．According to the passage, which of the following is a good rule? A．Don’t go out in the evening. B．Don’t wear your skirts to school. C．It’s important to get up early in the morning. D．Listen to English for an hour every morning. 3．Why is it good to draw pictures about rules for little children? A．Pictures are easy to understand. B．Drawing can help parents relax. C．Pictures can make children happy. D．Pictures can help children make rules. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? (P= Paragraph) A．B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．What Good Family Rules Are like B．How to Make Good Family Rules C．The Right Time to Change Family Rules D．Children’s Ideas About Family Rules 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了如何制定良好的家庭规则，并给出了具体的建议。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据“When you talk about rules with them, they are more likely to follow them.”可知，当家长和孩子们谈论规则时，孩子们更有可能遵守规则。“them”指代的是前面提到的“rules”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“First, you need to tell your children what to do, not what not to do.”和“Second, rules need to be clear for children to follow.”可知，好的规则应该是明确的、具体的，而不是禁止性的或模糊的。选项D是一个具体且明确的规则，符合文章的建议。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“For little children, you can draw pictures to help them understand the rules.”可知，为小孩子们画图可以帮助他们理解规则，因为图片很容易理解。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第1段介绍家庭规则的重要性；第2段建议让孩子参与制定规则；第3、4、5段提出让孩子参与制定规则的具体做法；第6段提到规则需要根据孩子的成长进行调整。文章的结构为①/②/③④⑤/⑥。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了如何制定良好的家庭规则，并给出了具体的建议。选项B“如何制定良好的家庭规则”最适合当标题。故选B。 （4） （24-25七年级下·广东汕头·期末）Chinese paper-cutting or Jianzhi, is a kind of folk art. People usually use scissors or knives to cut paper. It has a long history of over 1,500 years. Let’s learn something about paper-cutting. Wonderful meanings Paper-cutting has some wonderful meanings. Some paper-cuttings mean happiness and good luck. At the Spring Festival, people paste Fu on doors or windows. At a wedding (婚礼), people paste Xi. Why is it red? In China, people always love red. In our mind, red is hope and life, so red is our favourite. We can see red everywhere in China. The walls of old palaces are red. Lanterns are red. ▲ . Black paper-cuttings in Shanzhou Many of the paper-cuttings are red, but paper-cuttings in Shanzhou, Henan province are black. Black is the best colour there. Shanzhou is a dry place. People make black paper-cuttings and wish for rain. Now, paper-cutting is getting into many schools. Students can learn how to make paper-cuttings at school. Li Jie, a middle school student, says, “It’s really wonderful to change paper into different kinds of pictures, such as flowers and animals. We enjoy it.” 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By introducing Chinese paper-cutting. B．By asking a question. C．By sharing a Chinese paper-cutting story. D．By giving an example. 2．What does the underlined word “paste” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．look back. B．put up. C．take off. D．go over. 3．Which sentence can be the best to put in ________ in Paragraph 3? A．The history of paper-cutting is very long. B．Paper-cuttings of animals are very common. C．Weddings are always full of red things, too. D．Students learn paper-cuttings at school. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．B．C． D． 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The meanings of paper-cutting. B．The colours of paper-cutting. C．Paper-cutting in many places. D．Some facts about paper-cutting. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国的传统民间艺术——剪纸，包括它的意义、颜色、地域特色和在学校中的传承。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据文章开头“Chinese paper-cutting or Jianzhi, is a kind of folk art. People usually use scissors or knives to cut paper.”可知，文章一开始就介绍了剪纸这一艺术形式。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据上下文“At the Spring Festival, people paste Fu on doors or windows.”可推测，这里指“把‘福’贴在门或窗户上”，故“paste”意为“贴上”，与“put up（张贴）”意思最接近。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“In our mind, red is hope and life, so red is our favourite.”和“The walls of old palaces are red. Lanterns are red.”可知，这一段主要在说红色在中国文化中的普遍应用，C项“婚礼也总是充满红色”最符合语境。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。文章共五段，第一段引入剪纸；第二三段分别讲其意义和颜色；第四段讲陕州剪纸；第五段讲剪纸走进学校。结构应为“总—分”。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了剪纸的定义、寓意、颜色、地区差异及在学校的传承，属于对剪纸的综合介绍。故选D。 （5） （24-25七年级下·福建厦门·期末） When there is lightning... ①You can go indoors or stay in a car with the windows closed. Never stay under a tree or an umbrella. They both draw lightning. ②If you are on the top of a mountain, run downhill as fast as you can. Because lightning often strikes (击中) hilltops. Don’t go into wet caves (山洞), for lightning can rush down wet peaks. ③If you are caught in the open, crouch (蹲下) on your schoolbag with your feet and hands off the ground. ④A storm could be on the way. Count the number of seconds between seeing lightning and hearing thunder (雷声). It tells you how far away the storm is. 1．The underlined word “draw” in ① probably means ________ according to the entries (词条) on the right. A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4 2．You should stay away from wet caves when there’s lightning because________ A．you can’t stay indoors B．lightning can strike hilltops C．you can’t run downhill fast D．lightning can rush down wet peaks 3．Which is the best picture to match with ③ A．B．C． D． 4．If you hear thunder 12 seconds after seeing lightning, you are about________ away from the storm. A．2 miles B．3 miles C．4 kilometers D．5 kilometers 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了有闪电时应该怎么做来保证安全。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Never stay under a tree or an umbrella. They both draw lightning.”可知，切勿在树下或伞下停留。这两者都会吸引雷电。此处的draw意为“吸引”，也就是词条中的第2条“使某物到达某地”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Don’t go into wet caves (山洞), for lightning can rush down wet peaks.”可知，不要进入潮湿的山洞，因为闪电可能会沿着潮湿的山峰迅速下冲。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“If you are caught in the open, crouch (蹲下) on your schoolbag with your feet and hands off the ground.”可知，如果你在户外，蹲在你的书包上，双脚和双手离开地面，与A图相符合。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据表格可知，看到闪电10秒后听到雷声，表明距离暴风雨还有2英里；看到闪电15秒后听到雷声，表明距离暴风雨还有3英里。因此推断，看到闪电12秒后听到雷声，表明距离暴风雨还有2英里-3英里，1英里约为1.6千米，2英里-3英里约为3.2千米-4.8千米。故选C。 （1） （24-25七年级下·福建厦门·期末） Do you know Labubu? It’s a funny little monster with wide eyes and sharp teeth, created by Chinese artist Kasing Lung. It looks very special among cute toys because of its “ugly-cute” style (风格). Labubu is welcome all over the world. This cute character (角色) has about 300,000 followers on TikTok. People in Los Angeles even waited in a long queue at 3 a.m. for it. So what makes it a big star? First, its playful face brings joy and you can’t help but smile back! Second, it’s fun to collect-the surprise blind boxes are exciting, and kids love sharing their Labubu toys on the Internet. Third, Labubu mixes (结合) Chinese culture with cute styles around the world, making it both special and easy to be loved. Labubu is more than just a toy. Its success shows how people think differently about collections (收藏品) now. They enjoy mixing art fashion, and the things they love, and Labubu is part of that. Moreover, it’s changing how people see. Chinese creativity (创意). Many people overseas become interested in modern Chinese culture, not just common symbols like pandas or dragons. As Labubu’s creator says, “Every place has its own monsters, but mine tells Chinese stories.” Maybe that’s why Labubu succeeds. 1．What can we know about Labubu from Paragraph 1? ①looks    ②meaning    ③birthday    ④creator A．①③ B．①④ C．②④ D．②③ 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Which culture Labubu carries. B．Where people can get Labubu. C．Why Labubu becomes so popular. D．How people share love for Labubu. 3．Why does the writer mention (提到) “pandas or dragons” in Paragraph 3? A．To say Labubu’s idea comes from pandas or dragons. B．To show pandas and dragons are famous Chinese things. C．To explain Labubu is different from old Chinese symbols. D．To introduce China has many kinds of cool things to collect. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph? A．Labubu tells a Chinese story about success. B．Monsters from different places tell similar stories. C．Every place has monsters that tell Chinese stories. D．Labubu helps share Chinese culture in a new fun way. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了中国艺术家Kasing Lung创作的玩具角色Labubu，它以“丑萌”风格风靡全球，受欢迎的原因包括外形有趣、盲盒惊喜以及融合多元文化，同时也展示了中国现代创意文化的新形象。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“a funny little monster with wide eyes and sharp teeth, created by Chinese artist Kasing Lung”可知，①外形（looks）和④创作者（creator）都有提到；而②含义和③生日没有提及。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。第二段列举了Labubu受欢迎的三个原因：外貌带来欢乐、盲盒有趣、融合多种文化。全段围绕“为什么Labubu如此受欢迎”展开。故选C。 3．推理判断题。第三段提到“Many people overseas become interested in modern Chinese culture, not just common symbols like pandas or dragons.”可知，提到“熊猫和龙”是为了说明Labubu不同于传统中国符号，它代表现代中国文化的新表达方式。故选C。 4．推理判断题。最后一段引用作者的话“Every place has its own monsters, but mine tells Chinese stories.”说明Labubu虽然是“怪物”，但它在讲述中国的故事，结合前文对其国际受欢迎程度的介绍，可推断Labubu以一种有趣新颖的方式传播了中国文化。故选D。 （2） （24-25七年级下·湖北武汉·期末）What time of a day do you feel the freshest? Are you a morning person? Or does your brain (大脑) need a few hours to get going? A lot of studies show that we should pay attention to our body clock. It can tells us what time of day we can do things best. When it comes to a person’s brain, most people work best later in the morning. This is because the body’s temperature takes time to rise through the day. Taking a warm shower when you wake up can help your body’s temperature rise quickly. But everyone’s body clock is different, and some are special. Morning people will get up early and work better early in the day. Evening people will work later, but work better at the end of the day. The study shows that we’re better at some activities at certain times of the day. Physical performance (体能) is at its best between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m., ★. Between noon and 4 p.m., people begin to pay less attention. This is because our brain becomes less fresh after we eat a big meal. The study also shows we become sleepy around 2 p.m. This is why people in Spain take a short sleep in early afternoon. Finally, it is best to eat when we are active. This helps our body take away calories (卡路里) better and stops our blood sugar levels (血糖指数) from getting too high. 1．What can you do to help you work best after waking up? A． B． C． D． 2．What can we know about a morning person? A．He gets up later but works better. B．He goes to bed late every night. C．He likes exercising in the morning. D．He works better early in the day. 3．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．and we need to have a big meal this time. B．so we need to do some important work. C．so it’s better to exercise this time. D．but it’s easy for us to focus. 4．Why is it best to eat when we’re active? A．It helps us sleep much better. B．It can help to cut down calories. C．The brain can’t think quickly then. D．It makes us have more blood sugar. 5．Which might be the best title for the passage? A．A Balanced Life B．How to keep healthy C．A Morning Person D．The Best Time to Do Something 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人体生物钟对人们一天中不同时段表现的影响。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Taking a warm shower when you wake up can help your body’s temperature rise quickly.”可知，起床后洗个热水澡可以帮助你快速提升体温，从而更好地工作。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Morning people will get up early and work better early in the day.”可知，晨型人会在早上早起，并且在一天中较早的时候工作得更好。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Physical performance (体能) is at its best between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m.”可知，下午3点到6点之间体能表现最佳，因此这段时间更适合进行体育锻炼。选项C“所以这段时间最好进行锻炼”符合语境。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Finally, it is best to eat when we are active. This helps our body take away calories (卡路里) better and stops our blood sugar levels (血糖指数) from getting too high.”可知，在我们活跃的时候吃东西最好，因为这有助于我们的身体更好地消耗卡路里，并防止血糖指数过高。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了人体生物钟对我们一天中不同时段表现的影响，包括大脑活跃度、体能表现、注意力集中程度以及最佳饮食时间等方面。因此，选项D“做某事的最佳时间”最能概括文章主旨。故选D。 （3） （24-25七年级下·湖北·期末）In the past, Chinese children played many wonderful traditional games like rope skipping (跳绳), shuttlecock (毽子) kicking, and iron hoop rolling. These games were not only fun but also helped kids exercise and make friends. However, today these games are slowly disappearing (消失) from children’s lives. Many people worry that this important part of culture may be lost. One main reason is technology. With smartphones and computers everywhere, many children now like playing digital games (电子游戏) indoors better than outdoor activities. A survey shows that three quarters of Chinese children spend over 2 hours daily on electronic devices (电子设备) such as computers and smartphones. Traditional games that need physical movement and face-to-face interaction (交流) seem “old-fashioned” to them. Another reason is the lack (缺少) of space. In modern cities, playgrounds are becoming fewer because buildings take over open areas. ★ Also, busy parents don’t have enough time to teach these games to their children. Some schools try to keep the tradition (传统) alive by including these games in PE classes, but it’s not enough. The loss of these games means more than just losing fun activities. They were an important part of Chinese culture. Without them, children miss chances to develop social skills and learn about their heritage. 1．How many Chinese children spend over 2 hours daily on electronic devices? A．20%. B．45%. C．75%. D．90%. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Traditional games are too boring to play. B．Children don’t know where to play traditional games. C．Children are too lazy to play traditional games. D．This makes traditional games less interesting. 3．It’s clear that traditional games are ________. A．too difficult for children now B．only popular in poor areas C．more expensive than digital games D．helpful to learn about culture 4．What does “heritage” in the last paragraph mean? A．new technology B．cultural traditions C．school subjects D．P. E. classes 5．How does the writer feel about the disappearance of Chinese traditional games? A．Terrible. B．Magical. C．Hopeful. D．Angry. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国传统儿童游戏逐渐消失的现象、原因及其带来的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“A survey shows that three quarters of Chinese children spend over 2 hours daily on electronic devices such as computers and smartphones.”可知，四分之三（即75%）的中国儿童每天在电子设备上花费超过2小时。故选C。 2．推理判断题。前文提到“Another reason is the lack of space. In modern cities, playgrounds are becoming fewer because buildings take over open areas.”，说明传统游戏消失的另一个原因是空间不足，城市里操场变少了。由此可推断，空格处应与“空间不足导致孩子们无处玩传统游戏”相关，“Children don’t know where to play traditional games.”符合语境。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“They were an important part of Chinese culture. Without them, children miss chances to develop social skills and learn about their heritage.”可知，传统游戏是中国文化的重要组成部分，有助于孩子们了解文化。故选D。 4．词义猜测题。根据前文“They were an important part of Chinese culture.”可知，传统游戏是中国文化的重要部分，失去它们，孩子们就错过了了解自己“文化传统”的机会，因此“heritage”指的是“cultural traditions”。故选B。 5．推理判断题。文章提到传统游戏正在消失，人们担心这部分重要的文化会丢失，且指出失去这些游戏意味着孩子们错过发展社交技能和了解文化传统的机会，由此可推断作者认为传统游戏的消失是很糟糕的。故选A。 （4） （24-25七年级下·湖北武汉·期末）When you wake up on the first day of your holiday, you enjoy a delicious breakfast and then take a walk in the park. You surely feel happy and relaxed. But by the late afternoon, you might start to feel bored! If this happens to you, don’t worry. You’re not the only one. Having too much free time isn’t always great. So, how much free time is the best for our happiness? Researchers (研究者) wanted to find the answer. They asked thousands of people questions. They wrote down how people spent their time and how happy they were. After studying all the information, the researchers found that less than two hours of free time a day isn’t enough to make people happy. People with less than two hours of free time usually feel stressed (有压力的). That’s because they are too busy working to enjoy themselves. It’s true that being too busy makes people less happy. Some might think that more free time is better. But here’s a surprise: having a lot of free time doesn’t always make us happy. People feel good when they finish things. But if they have more than five hours of free time a day, they can’t get this happy feeling. So, ★ . In fact, what really matters is how we spend our free time. If we do active (积极的) things like playing team sports, five or more hours of free time a day can keep us happy or even make us happier. But if we just sit in our room watching TV, playing video games by ourselves, or doing nothing interesting for five or more hours, we certainly won’t feel happy. 1．What’s the main function (功能) of paragraph 1? A．To list holiday activities. B．To lead in the topic. C．To give readers advice. D．To give research results. 2．The underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 means ________. A．people with enough free time B．the researchers who did the study C．the people who took part in the study D．people with less than two hours of free time 3．What did the researchers find about free time? A．Free time makes people bored. B．More free time brings more happiness. C．Too much free time can also bring problems. D．Less than two hours of free time a day is enough. 4．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．are you feeling happy or not? B．less free time makes us happier C．too much free time isn’t good, either. D．that’s why we need to work much harder. 5．What picture shows the right way to spend free time actively? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文探讨空闲时间与幸福的关系，研究表明每天少于两小时空闲时间不足够，超过五小时也难让人幸福，引出适量空闲时间更有益的观点。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，本段描述了假期第一天人们从开心放松到可能感到无聊的经历，然后提出“多少空闲时间对我们的幸福最好”的问题，这是为了引出文章的主题。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“People with less than two hours of free time usually feel stressed. That’s because they are too busy working to enjoy themselves.”可知，闲暇时间不足两小时的人通常会感到有压力。这是因为“他们”工作太忙，无暇享受生活。此处“they”指闲暇时间不足两小时的人。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“But here’s a surprise: having a lot of free time doesn’t always make us happy. People feel good when they finish things. But if they have more than five hours of free time a day, they can’t get this happy feeling.”可知，拥有大量空闲时间并不总能让我们感到快乐。人们在完成任务时会感觉良好。但如果他们每天有超过五个小时的空闲时间，就无法获得这种愉悦感。因此选项C“太多的空闲时间也会带来问题。”符合题意。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“But here’s a surprise: having a lot of free time doesn’t always make us happy. People feel good when they finish things. But if they have more than five hours of free time a day, they can’t get this happy feeling. So...”可知，句中表述拥有大量空闲时间并不总能让我们感到快乐。人们在完成任务时会感觉良好。但如果他们每天有超过五个小时的空闲时间，也无法获得这种愉悦感。此处应该是说明拥有太多空余时间如何的结论，选项C“太多空闲时间也不好”符合语境。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“If we do active things like playing team sports, five or more hours of free time a day can keep us happy or even make us happier. But if we just sit in our room watching TV, playing video games by ourselves, or doing nothing interesting for five or more hours, we certainly won’t feel happy.”可知，如果我们做一些积极的事情，比如参加团队运动，那么一天有五个小时或更长的闲暇时间可以让我们保持快乐，甚至让我们更快乐。选项A图片“与朋友一起打篮球”符合题意。故选A。 （5） （24-25七年级下·湖北武汉·期末）In a fun conversation, someone asked ChatGPT to count the number of R’s in “strawberry”. ChatGPT answered that there were two, the eighth and ninth letters. The questioner broke apart the word and thought there were three R’s. But ChatGPT argued that there were two R’s in “strawberry” because the “R” in “straw” is part of the word. ★ It has something to do with its special way of understanding text. When humans read, we process text linearly (线性地) and read each letter in order. For us, “strawberry” is easily understood as a line of characters. As a result, it’s simple to count the letters. AI, on the other hand, depends on a process called tokenization (文本切分). This process breaks down text into smaller units, or tokens (符号). These can be whole words, parts of words, or even single characters. That depends on the model’s training. For example, “strawberry” might be tokenized as “straw” and “berry”. When you ask AI to count letters, such as R’s in “strawberry”, it won’t check the characters themselves. Instead, it sees larger parts, like “straw” and “berry”. It’s just trying to count the number of letters in a word without splitting it up first.   In our AI-driven world today, we ask for quick answers and ideas. The strawberry test is a good example of how important it is to check, and sometimes double-check, information from AI. Even the “smartest” AI models can make simple mistakes. 1．Why does the writer mention “strawberry” in Paragraph 1? A．To tell humans are smarter than AI. B．To describe how AI understands words. C．To show AI may give wrong answers. D．To explain why AI is poor in counting letters. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．How can AI make such a mistake? B．What should we do when AI is wrong? C．Are there other words that can trouble AI? D．Why did the questioner break apart the word? 3．What does the underlined phrase “splitting it up” mean? A．putting it together B．checking it out C．breaking it apart D．counting it down 4．How does the writer feel about AI? A．Correct but useless. B．Slow but smart. C．Wonderful but simple. D．Useful but mistaken. 5．What would be the best theme (主题) picture of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以ChatGPT数“strawberry”中字母R的争议为例，说明 AI因文本切分 (tokenization) 的工作机制，理解文本方式与人类不同，即便“最智能”的AI也会犯错，强调在AI驱动的世界，需对其输出信息检查、复核。 1．推理判断题。第一段讲ChatGPT数“strawberry”中R的数量与人类结论不同，AI 给出了错误答案，引出下文对AI工作机制及易出错的阐述，是为了展示AI可能给出错误答案。故选C。 2．推理判断题。第一段讲 AI 数 R 数量出错，空后内容解释AI因文本切分的特殊方式理解文本，导致计数错误，所以此处应是询问犯错的原因；选项A“AI为何会犯这样的错？”符合语境。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据“When you ask AI to count letters, such as R’s in ‘strawberry’, it won’t check the characters themselves. Instead, it sees larger parts, like ‘straw’ and ‘berry”. It’s just trying to count the number of letters in a word without splitting it up first.”可知，AI去统计“strawberry”这个单词中字母“R”的数量时，它不会逐一检查每个字符本身；相反，它会看到更大的部分，比如“straw”和“berry”；它只是试图在不先将单词拆分的情况下统计出单词中的字母数量，也就是说AI数字母时不先拆分单词；据此可以推断，划线单词“splitting it up”的意思是“拆分；分解”，动词短语，与 “breaking it apart”同义。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In our AI-driven world today, we ask for quick answers and ideas.”可知，AI能提供快速答案和思路，说明AI很有用；又根据最后一段“Even the ‘smartest’ AI models can make simple mistakes.”可知，AI会犯错；因此，作者认为AI有用但也会出错。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了AI通过“文本切分”处理文本的方式与人类线性阅读方式不同，这可能导致AI在某些简单任务 (如字母计数) 上产生错误，提醒人们需要核查AI提供的信息；选项B图示内容最能呈现文章主题。故选B。 （1） （24-25七年级下·广东深圳·期末） A video showing bollards (隔离墩) in Shenzhen became very popular online recently. These posts can charge (充电) phones wirelessly. People were amazed by this “high-tech” invention. Many shared photos online, saying the bollards looked “cool”. Some even called them “the most useful invention ever.” In Longhua District, rows of these bollards stand by the street. Each has a wide flat top for sitting, a screen and a wireless charging spot. You can charge phones without wires quickly by placing them on the black part—no cables needed! “First time seeing charging bollards!” said a happy user. A tourist added, “I wish my city had these. So easy to charge outside!” Huang Fei from Shenzhen Green Force Tech explained these smart bollards do more than offer seats. They weigh 260 kilograms. Besides wireless charging, their screens you can touch show videos, maps, and facts. Using sun power, they count visitors to help nearby shops know busy times. “We keep people’s information safe,” Huang promised. Workers placed 15 bollards here for free. At night, they show public service ads like safety tips. Some people worried about safety. “Don’t worry,” Huang said. “They block rain and use safe low electricity. Besides, workers check them often.” The company plans to put these bollards in cities across China. They want technology to make city life better for everyone. “Our goal is to show how clever ideas improve cities,” Huang added. “Making daily life easier with simple solutions.” 1．What is people’s attitude to the smart bollards in Paragraph 1? A．Unhappy. B．Welcoming. C．Uninterested. D．Excited. 2．What is the smart bollards mainly used for? A．Showing safety ads. B．Showing videos and maps. C．Charging phone wirelessly. D．Counting visitors for shops. 3．How does the bollard get power to work? A．By using solar energy. B．With batteries changed daily. C．Through cables underground. D．From nearby shops’ electricity. 4．How does the company deal with people’s worries? A．By using low electricity power. B．By showing public service ads. C．By adding more cable connections. D．By checking the smart bollards less often. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Solar Energy’s Future in Cities. B．Charging Phones Without Cables. C．Huang Fei’s Tech Company Story. D．Smart Bollards: Shenzhen’s Invention. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了深圳智能隔离墩的相关情况，包括其受民众欢迎程度、功能、供电方式、应对安全担忧的措施等。 1．推理判断题。根据“People were amazed by this ‘high-tech’ invention. Many shared photos online, saying the bollards looked ‘cool’. Some even called them ‘the most useful invention ever.’”可知，人们对智能隔离墩是欢迎的态度，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“These posts can charge (充电) phones wirelessly.”可知，智能隔离墩主要用于无线充电，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Using sun power, they count visitors to help nearby shops know busy times.”可知，隔离墩通过太阳能获取电力工作，即By using solar energy，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“They block rain and use safe low electricity. Besides, workers check them often.”可知，公司通过使用低电量以及工人经常检查来应对人们的担忧，即By using low electricity power，故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据文章主要内容可知，本文围绕深圳的智能隔离墩展开，介绍其功能、特点等，故“Smart Bollards: Shenzhen’s Invention”作为标题最合适，故选D。 （2） （24-25七年级下·广东深圳·期末）阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 In Kenya, Africa, farmers used to face hard times. Their fields often dried up under the hot sun, and floods (洪水) sometimes washed away crops. Without enough water, many families couldn’t grow enough food to eat or sell. To solve this problem, China and Kenya worked together. In 2018, engineers from China started a special project. They dug long canals (运河) to bring water from the Nzoia River to dry farmlands. The canals can also help protect farms from floods. The changes were amazing. The project covers 8,000 hectares (公顷) of land and supports over 12,000 families. Before this project, farmers like Henry Odhiambo had difficulty growing food. But now, his fields are full of vegetables like tomatoes. “Water changed our life—we have hope again!” Henry says. The project did more than bring water. It created jobs for villagers, and their lives became safer and happier. “We built strong canals and solved water problems,” says Chinese engineer Wang Jianfei. Now, children don’t go hungry during dry seasons, and families can plan for the future. This partnership shows how countries can help each other. By sharing knowledge and working hard, China and Kenya turned difficulty into hope. 1．In which part did Kenya have problems? A．Growing food. B．Providing jobs. C．Getting electricity. D．Selling crops. 2．What do the numbers “8,000” and “12,000” show in Paragraph 3? A．The cost of digging the canals. B．The types of grown vegetables. C．The result and success of the project. D．The income of selling farm produce. 3．How did the project help villagers besides providing water? A．By building schools and hospitals. B．By creating jobs and improving safety. C．By teaching children canal engineering. D．By giving free food to every household. 4．How does Wang Jianfei probably feel about the project? A．Unsure. B．Worried. C．Surprised. D．Proud. 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Building canals takes lots of money. B．Water is important for growing crops. C．Working together makes a difference. D．Kenyan need more support from China. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了2018年中肯两国合作启动水利工程：中国工程师团队挖掘运河，将恩佐亚河的水引至干旱农田，同时构建防洪系统。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Without enough water, many families couldn’t grow enough food to eat or sell.”可知，没有足够的水，许多家庭无法种植足够的食物来食用或出售，因此是在种植食物上遇到问题。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“The changes were amazing. The project covers 8,000 hectares (公顷) of land and supports over 12,000 families.”可知，这些变化是惊人的。该项目占地8000公顷，为12000多个家庭提供支持，因此数字展示了项目的结果和成功。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“It created jobs for villagers, and their lives became safer and happier.”可知，它为村民创造了就业机会，他们的生活变得更安全、更幸福，因此是通过创造就业机会和提高安全性来帮助村民。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“‘We built strong canals and solved water problems,’ says Chinese engineer Wang Jianfei.”可知，中国工程师王建飞感到自豪。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据“This partnership shows how countries can help each other. By sharing knowledge and working hard, China and Kenya turned difficulty into hope.”可知，这种伙伴关系展示了各国如何相互帮助。通过分享知识和努力工作，中国和肯尼亚将困难转化为希望，因此最后一段强调了团结协作可以产生影响。故选C。 （3） （24-25七年级下·广东深圳·期末） TOKYO, July 14, 2024—How much salt do you like to put on your food? Salt makes food taste better. And our bodies need a small amount of salt to stay healthy. However, eating too much salt can be bad for our health. For example, it can increase the possibility of having a stroke. The bad news is that a lot of people are eating too much salt nowadays. In Japan, people eat about ten grams of it a day. It is five grams more than the doctor suggests. But the good news is that now there may be an answer to this problem. An electric spoon can make food taste saltier than it really is! Japanese drinks company Kirin Holdings has released the “Electric Salt Spoon”. It uses electricity to increase the taste of salt in food by one and a half times. In 2021, Kirin surveyed people who had cut down on the amount of salt in their diet. It found 80% of them weren’t happy with the taste of food with less salt. To solve the problem, Kirin developed the “Electric Salt Spoon”. With the help of it, people can enjoy their meals without eating too much salt. Kirin is also working on electric chopsticks. However, it decided to release electric spoons first because many people wanted to enjoy noodles and soup with stronger salty taste. Kirin plans to sell electric spoons around the world next year. It is expected (预期) that they will reach 1, 000, 000 people in five years. 1．What is the result of adding too much salt to food? A．People will live longer. B．People will get sick. C．The food will taste better. D．The food will go bad. 2．How much salt does the doctor advise us to eat every day? A．5grams. B．10 grams. C．15 grams. D．20 grams. 3．What can people do with electric salt spoons? A．Eat less food. B．Weigh the salt. C．Eat more salt. D．Enjoy food healthily. 4．Which picture shows the main idea of the last paragraph? A． B． C． D． 5．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To sell more salty food to people in Japan. B．To give us some advice on keeping healthy. C．To tell us some facts about an electric product. D．To show the problems of eating too much salt. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了盐对人们健康的影响以及日本麒麟控股公司推出的“电子盐勺”。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“However, eating too much salt can be bad for our health. For example, it can increase the possibility of having a stroke.”可知，吃太多盐会增加患中风的可能性，也就是会让人生病。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“In Japan, people eat about ten grams of it a day. It is five grams more than the doctor suggests.”可知，日本人每天吃大约10克盐，这比医生建议的多5克，所以医生建议每天吃5克盐。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“With the help of it, people can enjoy their meals without eating too much salt.”可知，人们可以用电子盐勺在不摄入过多盐的情况下享受美食，也就是健康地享受食物。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Kirin is also working on electric chopsticks. However, it decided to release electric spoons first because many people wanted to enjoy noodles and soup with stronger salty taste. Kirin plans to sell electric spoons around the world next year. It is expected (预期) that they will reach 1, 000, 000 people in five years.”可知，本段主要讲了麒麟公司先推出电子盐勺，计划在2025年向全球销售，预计五年内惠及100万人。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了麒麟公司推出的“电子盐勺”这一电子产品，包括其研发背景、功能以及销售计划等，所以作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们一些关于电子产品的事实。故选C。 （4） （24-25七年级下·广东深圳·期末）①In today’s world, scientists are developing innovative (创新的) solutions to environmental problems. Let’s explore three groundbreaking ones. ② Engineers in Amsterdam have invented a new birdhouse. It has computers inside and is powered by solar panels on its roof. When the air is clean enough, the birdhouse turns green and provides free WiFi to people nearby. If the air gets polluted, it turns red. People love this idea. They ride bikes more, so the air gets cleaner and they get free internet. ③In Chile’s dry desert areas, getting clean water is not easy. Scientists created a smart machine. It takes water from the air and works like this: when warm air touches its cold surface, water drops form — just like on a cold drink can. The machine collects the water and cleans it. One such machine can produce enough water each day for a family of four to drink. Best of all, it uses solar power, so it works even in places without electricity. ④A famous British band had cool ideas for their concerts (演唱会). They installed (安装) special floors on stage called “Kinetic floors”. The floors can make electricity when fans dance. The band also offer fans exercise bikes to ride, and this helped power the show! At one concert, the electricity fans made was enough to power 300 homes for an hour! Now, many other bands are following these cool ideas. 1．What can the birdhouse in Amsterdam do? A．Test the air quality. B．Provide solar power. C．Check WiFi speed. D．Make weather reports. 2．Why did the writer mention “a cold drink can” in paragraph 3? A．To compare cold drinks with hot ones. B．To show how the smart machine works. C．To test the readers on what water cycle is. D．To describe water shortage in desert areas. 3．What do the first two inventions have in common? A．They make electricity. B．They clean polluted water. C．They use solar energy. D．They reduce air pollution. 4．Which poster BEST matches the concerts according to paragraph 4? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the structure of the passage? A． B．C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们为解决环境问题而开发的三个创新方案，分别是阿姆斯特丹的新型鸟舍、智利的智能取水机器以及英国乐队的环保演唱会创意。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“When the air is clean enough, the birdhouse turns green and provides free WiFi to people nearby. If the air gets polluted, it turns red.”可知，阿姆斯特丹的鸟舍能检测空气质量。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“It takes water from the air and works like this: when warm air touches its cold surface, water drops form — just like on a cold drink can.”可知，作者在第三段提到“a cold drink can”是为了展示智能机器的工作原理。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“It has computers inside and it is powered by solar panels on its roof.”以及“Best of all, it uses solar power, so it works even in places without electricity.”可知，前两项发明的共同之处是它们都使用太阳能。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“They installed (安装) special floors on stage called 'Kinetic floors'. The floors can make electricity when fans dance. The band also offer fans exercise bikes to ride, and this helped power the show!”可知，演唱会的特别之处在于粉丝的活动 (跳舞、骑健身自行车) 能为演出供电。B选项“你的动作驱动演出”与之匹配。故选B。 5．篇章结构题。文章第一段总述科学家们正在开发创新的环境问题解决方案，然后第二、三、四段分别介绍了三个不同的创新案例，所以文章结构是总—分结构。故选D。 （5） （24-25七年级下·广东深圳·期末） China has its own “spidermen” in Huangshan, Anhui Province. Their work is not to save the world, but to collect rubbish from high mountain or get phones dropped by tourists. Li Peisheng, 51, is one of the 18 spidermen. They climbed down the Mountain on ropes to keep it clean. “We collect and clean rubbish from very steep cliffs (悬崖),” he said. “When we climb, one hand holds tight, and the other hand moves us carefully. We must be careful not to hit the rocks or bushes.” He added, “To be a ‘Spider-Man’ cleaner, you need a strong awareness of safety and you have to be responsible. Besides, you’d better be in very good health. People with heart problems can’t do this job.” About 20 years ago, 800,000 tourists visited Huangshan every year. At that time, the “Spider-Men” used to climb down seven or eight times a day, sometimes even 10 times, to pick up trash. In recent years, about 4.5 million tourists come each year, but they climb down only four or five times a day, and seven or eight times a day during busy tourist seasons. It shows that visitors are becoming more careful with the environment. Mr. Li said, “We protect the mountains and rivers to help the future of the younger generations (年轻一代). I think it is meaningful! I will continue to work for the beauty and cleanness of Huangshan and help more travelers experience amazing natural beauty of Huangshan.” 1．What do “spidermen” in Huangshan mainly do? A．Save people in danger. B．Collect rubbish from mountaintops. C．Protect wild animals. D．Guide tourists around the mountain. 2．What does Li Peisheng think of his work? A．It’s relaxing with few requirements (要求). B．It’s boring without any special skills needed. C．It’s dangerous as the rubbish is often on cliffs. D．It’s easy because he just needs to pick up trash. 3．What are the requirements to become a Spider-Men cleaner? ①awareness of safety  ②travelling experience  ③responsibility  ④good health A．①③④ B．②③④ C．①②③ D．①②④ 4．Why do the “spidermen” climb fewer times a day now than 20 years ago? A．The spidermen are getting older and weaker. B．There are fewer tourists visiting Huangshan. C．The trash on the mountain has become lighter. D．Visitors can do better in protecting environment. 5．What can we learn from Li Peisheng’s words in the last paragraph? A．He is old now and wants to stop working soon. B．He hopes more people will visit Huangshan in the future. C．He is proud of his job and will keep doing it in the future. D．He believes the mountain will become cleaner in the future. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国安徽黄山上一群特殊的“蜘蛛人”的工作及其意义。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Their work is not to save the world, but to collect rubbish from high mountain or get phones dropped by tourists.”可知，黄山“蜘蛛人”的主要工作是从高山上收集垃圾或捡起游客掉落的手机。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“We collect and clean rubbish from very steep cliffs (悬崖),”和“We must be careful not to hit the rocks or bushes.”可知，李培生认为他的工作很危险，因为垃圾经常在悬崖上，需要非常小心。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“To be a ‘Spider-Man’ cleaner, you need a strong awareness of safety and you have to be responsible. Besides, you’d better be in very good health.”可知，成为“蜘蛛人”清洁工需要具备安全意识、责任感和良好的健康状况。因此，答案为①③④。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“In recent years, about 4. 5 million tourists come each year, but they climb down only four or five times a day, and seven or eight times a day during busy tourist seasons. It shows that visitors are becoming more careful with the environment.”可知，现在“蜘蛛人”每天攀爬的次数比20年前少，是因为游客在保护环境方面做得更好了。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“We protect the mountains and rivers to help the future of the younger generations (年轻一代). I think it is meaningful! I will continue to work for the beauty and cleanness of Huangshan and help more travelers experience amazing natural beauty of Huangshan.”可知，李为自己的工作感到自豪，并表示将继续为黄山的美景和清洁而努力工作。故选C。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $