Unit 8 Grammar-Further study语言知识点梳理和练习2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语讲义围绕“一般将来时的被动语态”构建单元知识体系，通过框架图明确语法结构（will be+过去分词等），表格分类梳理不及物动词主动表被动的六类情形（如begin、happen等），思维导图呈现核心词汇（pollution、affect等）的词性、搭配及例句，清晰展现语法、词汇与主题语境的内在联系。 讲义以“中考导向+分层提升”为特色，语法专项训练融入2025南京中考题（The photos...will be put），词汇运用紧扣green world主题（A new green park will be built），培养语言能力。易错提醒（be动词不可丢）、hard与hardly对比表格等方法指导，帮助基础学生夯实基础，能力提升模块（完形、阅读）助力优秀学生拓展思维，为教师实施精准分层教学提供支持。

译林版英语 Unit 8 A green world 课时2 Grammar-Further study 知识精讲 Grammar:一般将来时的被动语态 结构：will be + 过去分词 am/is/are going to + 过去分词 例句：① The bridge will be finished next year. 大桥将于明年竣工。 ② A new library is going to be built in our school. 易错提醒： be动词不能丢 be going to 后面固定接原形 be，再接过去分词 在英语中，有些不及物动词的主动语态可以表示被动意义。这些不及物动词有： 1.表示开始和结束的动词没有被动语态，如：begin, start, finish, end, close 等，当主语为 “事物” 且不强调动作的执行者时。例如： ①The meeting will begin at 8:00a.m. tomorrow. ②The library opens at 9:00a.m. and closes at 5:00 p.m. 2. ★某些表示 “发生” 意义的不及物动词如：happen= take place 无被动语态，如： ③Many changes have happened in our hometown.（happen 没有被动形式） 3. ★大多数系动词：feel (摸起来)，sound (听起来)，look (看起来)，smell (闻起来)，taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。例： ④T he skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。(用主动表示被动意义) ⑤The food tastes delicious. (用主动表示被动意义) ⑥This idea sounds great. (用主动表示被动意义) 4.某些可与 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词无被动， ★如：read, write, wash, sell 等。例如： ⑦This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。(用主动表示被动意义) ⑧The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。(用主动表示被动意义) ⑨This kind of shoes sells well. 这种鞋子很好卖。(用主动表示被动意义) 5.有些不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die ,disappear, fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, ... ⑩The film lasted for 3 hours. （last 没有被动形式） 6.need doing sth. 含有被动意义。 ⑴My watch needs repairing.= My watch needs to be repaired. 我的手表修理。 ★need doing = need to be done 语法专项训练 一、单项选择题。 1.Great changes ______ in my hometown in the past five years. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. took place D. were taken place 2.The little boy ______ because he broke the window just now. A. punished B. was punished C. punishes D. is punished 3.（2025 南京中考）The photos of our school trip ________ on the school website next Monday. A. put B. are put C. will put D. will be put 4.（2024 江苏苏州）A new recycling station ________ in our neighbourhood next month. A. is built B. isn’t built C. will be built D. won’t be built 5.（2025 天津中考）More trees ________ in our city to protect the environment next year. A. plants B. will plant C. are planted D. will be planted 6.（2024 连云港中考）—Will the sports meeting be put off? —Yes. It ________ because of the bad weather. A. will cancel B. cancels C. will be cancelled D. is cancelled 7.（2025 盐城一模）A speech on green lifestyle ________ in our school hall next week. A. will give B. will be given C. was given D. is given 8.（2024 镇江中考）It’s reported that a new library ________ in our town in two years. A. opens B. will open C. will be opened D. is opened 9. The problem ______ until we got help from the teacher. A. didn’t solve B. wasn’t solved C. won’t solve D. isn’t solved 10.Not only you but also your brother ______ to join the party tomorrow. A. will invite B. will be invited C. are invited D. is invited 11. — Why didn’t you hand in your report? — It ______ yet. A. doesn’t finish B. isn’t finished C. hasn’t been finished D. wasn’t finished 二、词汇运用（用所给词适当形式填空） 1. A new green park ________ (build) near our community next year. 2. More useful ways to save energy ________ (discuss) at tomorrow’s class meeting. 3. The old clothes ________ (collect) for poor kids next Sunday. 4. I think all plastic waste ________ (not use) freely in five years. 5. Another tree-planting activity ________ (hold) in March next month. 6. These used bottles ________ (recycle) to make new products soon. 7. The river ________ (clean) by volunteers in the coming holiday. 8. Lots of new bikes ________ (send) to mountain schools next week. 9. It’s said that this kind of new energy ________ (widely use) in daily life in the future. 10. The problem about soil pollution ________ (solve) by scientists later. 语言知识点梳理 知识点 1 I hope everyone will take an active part in at least one activity and also vote for the activities you want to see in the future. 【词汇讲解】 vote v. /n. 投票 常用搭配: vote for sb/sth 为…… 投票 vote against 投票反对 例句:I will vote for my favourite activity. 我将要为我最喜欢的活动投票。 知识点 2 Posters will be designed by sandy for the activities. 【词汇讲解】 poster n.【可数】海报 post v.发布，邮寄 design posters 设计海报 put up posters 张贴海报 例句:Some posters will be put up around our school. 一些海报将要被张贴在校内。 知识点 3 pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. 【词汇讲解】 pollution n.【U】污染 pollute v. 污染 polluted adj. 被污染的 常用搭配: air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染 reduce pollution 减少污染 例句:Air pollution is bad for our body. 空气污染有害身体健康。 知识点 4 In some cities,people’s health is affected by air pollution. 【词汇讲解】 affect v. 影响 effect n. 影响（必考辨析：动词 affect=have an effect on） effective adj. 有效的 常用搭配: ① be affected by… 被…… 影响 ② affect one’s health 影响某人健康 例句 People’s health is affected by bad weather. 人们的健康被恶劣天气影响。 知识点 5 Harmful gases in the air cause coughing or worse by air pollution. 【词汇讲解】 gas n. 气体；煤气 harmful gases 有害气体 coughing 动名词 cough /kɒf/v.&n. 咳嗽 搭配：have a cough 咳嗽； cause coughing 引发咳嗽 知识点 6 It hardly had any living plants. 【词汇讲解】 hardly adv. 几乎不 表示否定含义，考点通常结合反义疑问句。 例如：He hardly finish the task on his own,dose he? 他不能独自完成这个任务，对吗？（前否后肯） 例句：It hardly had any clean water. 它几乎没有干净的水。 辨析：hard和hardly 词汇 词义 搭配 hard adj.努力的；困难的；硬的； have a hard time 日子不好过 adv.用力地，猛烈地，努力地 work/ study hard 努力工作/学习 hardly adv.几乎不（否定含义） I could hardly believe my eyes! 知识点 7 In New Zealand,people will be fined if they buy single-use plastics. 【词汇讲解】 single-use adj. 一次性的 single-use plastics 一次性塑料制品 single-use chopsticks 一次性筷子 例句：People will be fined for buying single-use plastics. 购买一次性塑料将会被罚款（一般将来被动）。 知识点 8 Plastic is very useful in our daily lives,but it causes a lot of damage. 【词汇讲解】 damage n.【U】&v. 损害，毁坏 搭配 ① cause a lot of damage 造成巨大破坏（课本原短语） ② do damage to sth 对…… 造成伤害 例句：Plastic causes much damage to the environment. 塑料对环境造成很大破坏。 知识点 9 Collect batteries and electronic products. 【词汇讲解】 battery n. 电池 复数：batteries electronic adj. 电子的 →electricity n.电（不可数） save electricity 节约用电 搭配：electronic products 电子产品 例句 We should collect old batteries and electronic products. 我们应该收集废旧电池和电子产品。 基础巩固 1． 根据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文解释，写出句子所缺单词，每空限填一词。 1. Oxygen is one of the most important________(气体) on earth. 2. Up to 13 million tons of microplastics end up in the ocean every year, causing the death of fish and ________(海鸟). 3. The little boy’s small bedroom is full of________(海报) of his favourite movie stars. 4. I like buying ______(二手的) books online because they are cheaper and still in good condition. 5. We will________(投票) for the best plan of the coming summer holiday. 6. To protect the environment, we should stop using __________(供一次使用的) plastic bags and choose reusable ones. 7. Our daily life can’t run without __________(电)—it powers lights, fridges and other electronic devices(设备). 2． 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 8. The virus may cause problems like________(cough), a sore throat and a high fever. 9. The energy is clean and won’t________(pollution) the air, which is good for the environment. 10. In many countries, traditional festivals are greatly________(affect) by modern lifestyles. 11. If we all make great efforts to stop wasting food, we can make a________(different)! 12. These posters (design) by Sandy tomorrow. 3． 单项选择。 ( ) 1.You ______ to take so much luggage (行李) with you on the plane. A. will be allowed B. will allow C. won’t be allowed D. won’t allow ( ) 2.All the sick people ______ well ______ in this hospital. A. are; taken care of B. do; take care of C. are; taken care D. will; take care of ( ) 3.Drivers ______ if they drive after drinking. A. must punish B. must be punished C. are punish D. will punish ( )4. — We must be careful with the environment in wetlands. —Exactly. If it , repairing it will take many years. A. will harm B. will be harmed C. is harmed D. harms ( )5. The computer is broken. ______it ______today? A. Will, repair B. Has, repaired C. Will, be repaired D. Has, been repaired ( )6. Your message to the school office______unless it is polite and clear. A. will reply B. won’t reply to C. won’t be replied D. won’t be replied to ( )7. We can raise more money for the disaster area if these second-hand books well here . A. will sell B. will be sold C. are sold D. sell ( )8. Throwing plastic waste into rivers or lakes, even into ponds or streams will directly the fish and plants living in the water. A. affect B. punish C. control D. scare ( )9. The children ______ to leave until all the exercises ______. A. won’t allow; finish B. aren’t allowed; are finished C. don’t allow; are finished D. weren’t allowed; finished ( )10. — I don’t know if I ______some advice on how to study if I ask Jack for help. — I’m sure he will. He is always helpful. A. offer B. am offered C. will offer D. will be offered 4． 根据中文提示完成句子 resource ask spread take care of health (2025 苏州吴中、吴江、相城期末) Every year on April 22, people around the world celebrate Earth Day. It was first held in 1970 to remind people about the importance of 1. ____________ our planet. In 1990, it became a worldwide event. Today, the 2. ______ of Earth Day activities has reached 192 countries around the world, with over 1 billion people taking part each year. The theme for Earth Day 2025 is “Our Power, Our Planet”. Its purpose is 3. ______ everyone to use more new types of energy which come from natural 4. ______ and will never run out. In this way, we can make sure that our planet will stay 5. ______ for years to come. 能力提升 5． 完形填空。 You may notice that horses appear in many Chinese idioms. These horse-related sayings provide fascinating glimpses (一瞥) into Chinese culture and ancient 1 . “A horse that covers a thousand miles” is a famous horse idiom. It describes someone with great talent or potential (潜能). Chinese parents often use this phrase to encourage their children, hoping they’ll become “Thousand-mile horses” who 2 great things. The idiom comes from ancient times when people believed some special horses could run 1,000 miles in a single day. It also tells us that everyone has the chance to 3 their dreams if they work hard. “A swift horse needs a good rider” adds another meaning. 4 talented people (“swift horses”) are common, good leaders who can find talented people (“good riders”) are not. This saying reminds us that talent isn’t enough—you need someone who 5 you and gives you chances. With their help, you can show your 6 better. “An old horse knows the way” celebrates the wisdom from 7 . Just as an old horse remembers safe paths through mountains, experienced people can guide others through hard times. This idiom shows that Chinese 8 the elders and their rich knowledge. It also tells us to listen to the elders’ 9 when we meet difficulties. “A painted horse won’t run” warns us not to value appearance more than real things. No matter how beautifully you paint a horse, it will never run. 10 , beautiful promises without real action are useless. This idiom teaches us to value practical results over 11 words. These horse idioms show how ancient Chinese people watched horses’ strength and intelligence. They turned their observations into useful lessons about human nature and success. Today, these idioms are still 12 in our daily life. We can use them to encourage ourselves, 13 others and learn valuable lessons. They help us understand Chinese culture better and become better people who can 14 challenges bravely and 15 our goals finally. 1. A. success B. paiace C. wisdom D. wonder 2. A. achieve B. afford C. avoid D. accept 3. A. forget B. realize C. break D. change 4. A. Although B. Since C. If D. When 5. A. depends on B. agrees with C. cares for D. believes in 6. A. habit B. hobby C. talent D. interest 7. A. experience B. ability C. memory D. honor 8. A. record B. respect C. remind D. require 9. A. news B. advice C. stories D. jokes 10. A. Simply B. Exactly C. Similarly D. Properly 11. A. helpful B. correct C. real D. empty 12. A. boring B. difficult C. useful D. expensive 13. A. teach B. help C. beat D. stop 14. A. face B. hide C. refuse D. leave 15. A. reach B. give C. lose D. miss 6． 阅读理解。 Have you heard of microplastics(微塑料)? Can we see them in our daily life? Are they good or bad for human beings? Microplastics are very small. According to National Geographic, microplastics are usually less than five millimetres(毫米) in size. But they bring big problems. This small size lets them go everywhere, even in water and air. They don't break down easily and can stay in the environment for hundreds of years. A new study said that by 2040, microplastic pollution could be twice as bad as it is now. Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. They come from many places. For example, about 60 percent of material made into clothes is plastic. Every time the clothes are washed, they produce microplastics. When water bottles and other big plastic products are left outside, they break down slowly into microplastics. These microplastics can be bad for our health and even cause cancer. In August, The Conversation reported that scientists found microplastics in people's brains for the first time. They may hurt brain cells(细胞) and change how the brain works. Wild animals are also at risk from microplastic pollution. Each year, up to three million tons of plastics end up in the ocean. As they break down day by day, they become virtually invisible gradually(逐渐地). Fish may eat them by mistake and become very sick. To deal with the problem, scientists think the best way right now is to make and use less plastic. As students, we can reduce plastic things in our daily life, such as using glass or metal cups instead of plastic bottles and cups. ( )1. The writer starts the text by _______. A.telling stories B. asking questions C. giving examples D. listing numbers ( )2. What does the underlined phrase "virtually invisible" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.easily found in the water B. completely harmless to animals C. especially small and hard to see D. brightly coloured and attractive ( )3. What would be the best title for the text? A.Solutions to microplastic pollution B. Future of ocean pollution from microplastics C. First finding of microplastics in human brains D. Tiny pieces of plastic causing big problems 7． 信息还原。 The earth is our home. We must take care of it. This means keeping the land, air and water clean. Pollution is a “dirty word”. To pollute means to make things unfit or unclean to use. 1 __We see it, smell it, taste it and drink it.Pollution is beginning to threaten (威胁) our health, our happiness and our life. Man has been polluting the earth from the time he first made a fire,washed his clothes in the river and threw his waste on the ground. 2 There was plenty of clean air, land and water. There weren’t so many people then and their wants were fewer. All the dirty things could be taken in by nature and soon be covered over. But this is no longer true now. The increase of the population and the development of industry have changed that. 3 Through the use of poison (毒药), man has polluted land and killed the animals, By putting dirty water and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have polluted our drinking water and killed the fish. 4 More people, more waste. Where is this all going to end? Are we turning the world into a big rubbish bin,or is there any hope that we can get rid of pollution? 5 They are now working hard to bring pollution under control. A. Pollution comes in many ways. B. Man might not be able to live on the earth. C. At first, the problem was not so serious. D. Our increasing population is part of the problem. E. There will be more and more people in the world. F. Human activities have greatly influenced the earth in harmful ways. G. Luckily,more and more people have been aware of the danger of pollution. 8． 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限一词。 An officer in Shanghai recently replied to a letter from volunteers in a community. They help with garbage sorting (垃圾分类). In his reply, he said he was happy to know that after recent years of publicity (推广), the work of garbage sorting in the volunteers’ community was very 1. s______. He also hopes more people can 2. d______ the habit of sorting garbage. Since 2019, more than 22,000 garbage stations have been upgraded (升级) in Shanghai. A 3. h______ change has taken place in the city in recent years. People once 4. r______ garbage sorting, but now they are actively joining in the activity. The community also makes use of technology in garbage sorting. There are special recycling machines besides the garbage cans. People put in old clothes they don’t want. This can help those who can’t 5. a______ clothes in some poor areas. “Sorting garbage is a way to make the community a 6. b______ place. Also, people can get points on Alipay if they 7. m______ to put the garbage into the right bins. The points can be exchanged for gifts,” said a volunteer. He said many people changed their minds after this kind of “persuasion”. 16-year-old volunteer Yu Yue has made posters and written articles about garbage sorting. “My classmates and I 8. e______ made an animation (动画) to help people understand. After watching them, they have known how important garbage sorting is to the 9. e______,” Yu said. In the future, the community will hold more events and work 10. c______ with local schools. The whole country is going to implement garbage sorting in the near future. 9． 阅读回答问题 Before 1970, few laws protected the environment. Then on 22 April that year, Earth Day was created to celebrate our planet, tell people about environmental problems, and encourage them to take action. Now Earth Day is celebrated around the world. We still face many challenges, such as climate(气候) change, plastic pollution, and deforestation(毁林). But we can make a difference. Here is an earth-helping hero. Adeline Tiffanie Suwana was twelve when her home flooded. Indonesia, her island nation in South-east Asia, is often hit hard by floods and other natural disasters. Adeline wanted to help. Studying the problem, she learned that mangrove trees play an important role in flood protection. Their big, tangled(缠结的) roots slow floodwaters and keep soil from washing away. But the trees were being cut down. Adeline gathered her classmates to plant 200 mangrove young trees during a school break. They started a group called Friends of Nature, which works to keep the area’s biodiversity(生物多样性), fight against climate change, and help people realize the importance of the environment. They even started a project to get clean energy to remote villages. Today, Adeline attends college, studying how businesses can help the environment. Remember: Every one of us can be a hero for the environment! 注:每题答案不超过6个词。 1. What do the underlined words “our planet” in Paragraph 1 refer to? ____________________________________________________________________ 2. What happened to Adeline’s home when she was twelve? ____________________________________________________________________ 3. How many things did Adeline and her classmates do to help with the environment? ____________________________________________________________________ 4. What does Adeline do now? ____________________________________________________________________ 5. What is the proper title for the passage? ____________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 译林版英语 Unit 8 A green world 课时2 Grammar-Further study 知识精讲 Grammar:一般将来时的被动语态 结构：will be + 过去分词 am/is/are going to + 过去分词 例句：① The bridge will be finished next year. 大桥将于明年竣工。 ② A new library is going to be built in our school. 易错提醒： be动词不能丢 be going to 后面固定接原形 be，再接过去分词 在英语中，有些不及物动词的主动语态可以表示被动意义。这些不及物动词有： 1.表示开始和结束的动词没有被动语态，如：begin, start, finish, end, close 等，当主语为 “事物” 且不强调动作的执行者时。例如： ①The meeting will begin at 8:00a.m. tomorrow. ②The library opens at 9:00a.m. and closes at 5:00 p.m. 2. ★某些表示 “发生” 意义的不及物动词如：happen= take place 无被动语态，如： ③Many changes have happened in our hometown.（happen 没有被动形式） 3. ★大多数系动词：feel (摸起来)，sound (听起来)，look (看起来)，smell (闻起来)，taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。例： ④T he skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。(用主动表示被动意义) ⑤The food tastes delicious. (用主动表示被动意义) ⑥This idea sounds great. (用主动表示被动意义) 4.某些可与 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词无被动， ★如：read, write, wash, sell 等。例如： ⑦This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。(用主动表示被动意义) ⑧The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。(用主动表示被动意义) ⑨This kind of shoes sells well. 这种鞋子很好卖。(用主动表示被动意义) 5.有些不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die ,disappear, fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, ... ⑩The film lasted for 3 hours. （last 没有被动形式） 6.need doing sth. 含有被动意义。 ⑴My watch needs repairing.= My watch needs to be repaired. 我的手表修理。 ★need doing = need to be done 语法专项训练 一、单项选择题。 1.Great changes ___A___ in my hometown in the past five years. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. took place D. were taken place 2.The little boy ___B___ because he broke the window just now. A. punished B. was punished C. punishes D. is punished 3.（2025 南京中考）The photos of our school trip _____D___ on the school website next Monday. A. put B. are put C. will put D. will be put 4.（2024 江苏苏州）A new recycling station ___C___ in our neighbourhood next month. A. is built B. isn’t built C. will be built D. won’t be built 5.（2025 天津中考）More trees ___D____ in our city to protect the environment next year. A. plants B. will plant C. are planted D. will be planted 6.（2024 连云港中考）—Will the sports meeting be put off? —Yes. It ____C____ because of the bad weather. A. will cancel B. cancels C. will be cancelled D. is cancelled 7.（2025 盐城一模）A speech on green lifestyle ____B____ in our school hall next week. A. will give B. will be given C. was given D. is given 8.（2024 镇江中考）It’s reported that a new library ____C____ in our town in two years. A. opens B. will open C. will be opened D. is opened 9. The problem ___B___ until we got help from the teacher. A. didn’t solve B. wasn’t solved C. won’t solve D. isn’t solved 10.Not only you but also your brother __B____ to join the party tomorrow. A. will invite B. will be invited C. are invited D. is invited 11. — Why didn’t you hand in your report? — It ___C___ yet. A. doesn’t finish B. isn’t finished C. hasn’t been finished D. wasn’t finished 二、词汇运用（用所给词适当形式填空） 1. A new green park ________ (build) near our community next year. [答案：will be built] 2. More useful ways to save energy ________ (discuss) at tomorrow’s class meeting.[答案：will be discussed] 3. The old clothes ________ (collect) for poor kids next Sunday.[答案：will be collected] 4. I think all plastic waste ________ (not use) freely in five years.[答案：won’t be used] 5. Another tree-planting activity ________ (hold) in March next month.[答案：will be held] 6. These used bottles ________ (recycle) to make new products soon.[答案：will be recycled] 7. The river ________ (clean) by volunteers in the coming holiday.[答案：will be cleaned] 8. Lots of new bikes ________ (send) to mountain schools next week.[答案：will be sent] 9. It’s said that this kind of new energy ________ (widely use) in daily life in the future.[答案：will be widely used] 10. The problem about soil pollution ________ (solve) by scientists later.[答案：will be solved] 语言知识点梳理 知识点 1 I hope everyone will take an active part in at least one activity and also vote for the activities you want to see in the future. 【词汇讲解】 vote v. /n. 投票 常用搭配: vote for sb/sth 为…… 投票 vote against 投票反对 例句:I will vote for my favourite activity. 我将要为我最喜欢的活动投票。 知识点 2 Posters will be designed by sandy for the activities. 【词汇讲解】 poster n.【可数】海报 post v.发布，邮寄 design posters 设计海报 put up posters 张贴海报 例句:Some posters will be put up around our school. 一些海报将要被张贴在校内。 知识点 3 pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. 【词汇讲解】 pollution n.【U】污染 pollute v. 污染 polluted adj. 被污染的 常用搭配: air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染 reduce pollution 减少污染 例句:Air pollution is bad for our body. 空气污染有害身体健康。 知识点 4 In some cities,people’s health is affected by air pollution. 【词汇讲解】 affect v. 影响 effect n. 影响（必考辨析：动词 affect=have an effect on） effective adj. 有效的 常用搭配: ① be affected by… 被…… 影响 ② affect one’s health 影响某人健康 例句 People’s health is affected by bad weather. 人们的健康被恶劣天气影响。 知识点 5 Harmful gases in the air cause coughing or worse by air pollution. 【词汇讲解】 gas n. 气体；煤气 harmful gases 有害气体 coughing 动名词 cough /kɒf/v.&n. 咳嗽 搭配：have a cough 咳嗽； cause coughing 引发咳嗽 知识点 6 It hardly had any living plants. 【词汇讲解】 hardly adv. 几乎不 表示否定含义，考点通常结合反义疑问句。 例如：He hardly finish the task on his own,dose he? 他不能独自完成这个任务，对吗？（前否后肯） 例句：It hardly had any clean water. 它几乎没有干净的水。 辨析：hard和hardly 词汇 词义 搭配 hard adj.努力的；困难的；硬的； have a hard time 日子不好过 adv.用力地，猛烈地，努力地 work/ study hard 努力工作/学习 hardly adv.几乎不（否定含义） I could hardly believe my eyes! 知识点 7 In New Zealand,people will be fined if they buy single-use plastics. 【词汇讲解】 single-use adj. 一次性的 single-use plastics 一次性塑料制品 single-use chopsticks 一次性筷子 例句：People will be fined for buying single-use plastics. 购买一次性塑料将会被罚款（一般将来被动）。 知识点 8 Plastic is very useful in our daily lives,but it causes a lot of damage. 【词汇讲解】 damage n.【U】&v. 损害，毁坏 搭配 ① cause a lot of damage 造成巨大破坏（课本原短语） ② do damage to sth 对…… 造成伤害 例句：Plastic causes much damage to the environment. 塑料对环境造成很大破坏。 知识点 9 Collect batteries and electronic products. 【词汇讲解】 battery n. 电池 复数：batteries electronic adj. 电子的 →electricity n.电（不可数） save electricity 节约用电 搭配：electronic products 电子产品 例句 We should collect old batteries and electronic products. 我们应该收集废旧电池和电子产品。 基础巩固 1． 根据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文解释，写出句子所缺单词，每空限填一词。 1. Oxygen is one of the most important________(气体) on earth. [答案：gases] 2. Up to 13 million tons of microplastics end up in the ocean every year, causing the death of fish and ________(海鸟). [答案：seabirds] 3. The little boy’s small bedroom is full of________(海报) of his favourite movie stars. [答案：posters] 4. I like buying ______(二手的) books online because they are cheaper and still in good condition. [答案：second-hand] 5. We will________(投票) for the best plan of the coming summer holiday. [答案：vote] 6. To protect the environment, we should stop using __________(供一次使用的) plastic bags and choose reusable ones. [答案：single-used] 7. Our daily life can’t run without __________(电)—it powers lights, fridges and other electronic devices(设备). [答案：electricity] 2． 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 8. The virus may cause problems like________(cough), a sore throat and a high fever. [答案：coughing] 9. The energy is clean and won’t________(pollution) the air, which is good for the environment. [答案：pollute] 10. In many countries, traditional festivals are greatly________(affect) by modern lifestyles. [答案：affected] 11. If we all make great efforts to stop wasting food, we can make a________(different)! [答案：difference] 12. These posters (design) by Sandy tomorrow. [答案：will be designed] 3． 单项选择。 ( A ) 1.You ______ to take so much luggage (行李) with you on the plane. A. will be allowed B. will allow C. won’t be allowed D. won’t allow ( A ) 2.All the sick people ______ well ______ in this hospital. A. are; taken care of B. do; take care of C. are; taken care D. will; take care of ( B) 3.Drivers ______ if they drive after drinking. A. must punish B. must be punished C. are punish D. will punish ( C )4. — We must be careful with the environment in wetlands. —Exactly. If it , repairing it will take many years. A. will harm B. will be harmed C. is harmed D. harms ( C )5. The computer is broken. ______it ______today? A. Will, repair B. Has, repaired C. Will, be repaired D. Has, been repaired ( D )6. Your message to the school office______unless it is polite and clear. A. will reply B. won’t reply to C. won’t be replied D. won’t be replied to ( D )7. We can raise more money for the disaster area if these second-hand books well here . A. will sell B. will be sold C. are sold D. sell ( A )8. Throwing plastic waste into rivers or lakes, even into ponds or streams will directly the fish and plants living in the water. A. affect B. punish C. control D. scare ( B )9. The children ______ to leave until all the exercises ______. A. won’t allow; finish B. aren’t allowed; are finished C. don’t allow; are finished D. weren’t allowed; finished ( D )10. — I don’t know if I ______some advice on how to study if I ask Jack for help. — I’m sure he will. He is always helpful. A. offer B. am offered C. will offer D. will be offered 4． 根据中文提示完成句子 resource ask spread take care of health (2025 苏州吴中、吴江、相城期末) Every year on April 22, people around the world celebrate Earth Day. It was first held in 1970 to remind people about the importance of 1. ____________ our planet. In 1990, it became a worldwide event. Today, the 2. ______ of Earth Day activities has reached 192 countries around the world, with over 1 billion people taking part each year. The theme for Earth Day 2025 is “Our Power, Our Planet”. Its purpose is 3. ______ everyone to use more new types of energy which come from natural 4. ______ and will never run out. In this way, we can make sure that our planet will stay 5. ______ for years to come.[答案：1.taking care of 2.spread 3.to ask 4.resources 5.healthy] 能力提升 5． 完形填空。 You may notice that horses appear in many Chinese idioms. These horse-related sayings provide fascinating glimpses (一瞥) into Chinese culture and ancient 1 . “A horse that covers a thousand miles” is a famous horse idiom. It describes someone with great talent or potential (潜能). Chinese parents often use this phrase to encourage their children, hoping they’ll become “Thousand-mile horses” who 2 great things. The idiom comes from ancient times when people believed some special horses could run 1,000 miles in a single day. It also tells us that everyone has the chance to 3 their dreams if they work hard. “A swift horse needs a good rider” adds another meaning. 4 talented people (“swift horses”) are common, good leaders who can find talented people (“good riders”) are not. This saying reminds us that talent isn’t enough—you need someone who 5 you and gives you chances. With their help, you can show your 6 better. “An old horse knows the way” celebrates the wisdom from 7 . Just as an old horse remembers safe paths through mountains, experienced people can guide others through hard times. This idiom shows that Chinese 8 the elders and their rich knowledge. It also tells us to listen to the elders’ 9 when we meet difficulties. “A painted horse won’t run” warns us not to value appearance more than real things. No matter how beautifully you paint a horse, it will never run. 10 , beautiful promises without real action are useless. This idiom teaches us to value practical results over 11 words. These horse idioms show how ancient Chinese people watched horses’ strength and intelligence. They turned their observations into useful lessons about human nature and success. Today, these idioms are still 12 in our daily life. We can use them to encourage ourselves, 13 others and learn valuable lessons. They help us understand Chinese culture better and become better people who can 14 challenges bravely and 15 our goals finally. 1. A. success B. paiace C. wisdom D. wonder 2. A. achieve B. afford C. avoid D. accept 3. A. forget B. realize C. break D. change 4. A. Although B. Since C. If D. When 5. A. depends on B. agrees with C. cares for D. believes in 6. A. habit B. hobby C. talent D. interest 7. A. experience B. ability C. memory D. honor 8. A. record B. respect C. remind D. require 9. A. news B. advice C. stories D. jokes 10. A. Simply B. Exactly C. Similarly D. Properly 11. A. helpful B. correct C. real D. empty 12. A. boring B. difficult C. useful D. expensive 13. A. teach B. help C. beat D. stop 14. A. face B. hide C. refuse D. leave 15. A. reach B. give C. lose D. miss [答案：1-5 CABAD 6-10 CABBC 11-15DCAAA] 6． 阅读理解。 Have you heard of microplastics(微塑料)? Can we see them in our daily life? Are they good or bad for human beings? Microplastics are very small. According to National Geographic, microplastics are usually less than five millimetres(毫米) in size. But they bring big problems. This small size lets them go everywhere, even in water and air. They don't break down easily and can stay in the environment for hundreds of years. A new study said that by 2040, microplastic pollution could be twice as bad as it is now. Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. They come from many places. For example, about 60 percent of material made into clothes is plastic. Every time the clothes are washed, they produce microplastics. When water bottles and other big plastic products are left outside, they break down slowly into microplastics. These microplastics can be bad for our health and even cause cancer. In August, The Conversation reported that scientists found microplastics in people's brains for the first time. They may hurt brain cells(细胞) and change how the brain works. Wild animals are also at risk from microplastic pollution. Each year, up to three million tons of plastics end up in the ocean. As they break down day by day, they become virtually invisible gradually(逐渐地). Fish may eat them by mistake and become very sick. To deal with the problem, scientists think the best way right now is to make and use less plastic. As students, we can reduce plastic things in our daily life, such as using glass or metal cups instead of plastic bottles and cups. ( )1. The writer starts the text by _______. A.telling stories B. asking questions C. giving examples D. listing numbers ( )2. What does the underlined phrase "virtually invisible" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.easily found in the water B. completely harmless to animals C. especially small and hard to see D. brightly coloured and attractive ( )3. What would be the best title for the text? A.Solutions to microplastic pollution B. Future of ocean pollution from microplastics C. First finding of microplastics in human brains D. Tiny pieces of plastic causing big problems [答案：BCD] 7． 信息还原。 The earth is our home. We must take care of it. This means keeping the land, air and water clean. Pollution is a “dirty word”. To pollute means to make things unfit or unclean to use. 1 __We see it, smell it, taste it and drink it.Pollution is beginning to threaten (威胁) our health, our happiness and our life. Man has been polluting the earth from the time he first made a fire,washed his clothes in the river and threw his waste on the ground. 2 There was plenty of clean air, land and water. There weren’t so many people then and their wants were fewer. All the dirty things could be taken in by nature and soon be covered over. But this is no longer true now. The increase of the population and the development of industry have changed that. 3 Through the use of poison (毒药), man has polluted land and killed the animals, By putting dirty water and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have polluted our drinking water and killed the fish. 4 More people, more waste. Where is this all going to end? Are we turning the world into a big rubbish bin,or is there any hope that we can get rid of pollution? 5 They are now working hard to bring pollution under control. A. Pollution comes in many ways. B. Man might not be able to live on the earth. C. At first, the problem was not so serious. D. Our increasing population is part of the problem. E. There will be more and more people in the world. F. Human activities have greatly influenced the earth in harmful ways. G. Luckily,more and more people have been aware of the danger of pollution. [答案：ACFDG] 8． 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限一词。 An officer in Shanghai recently replied to a letter from volunteers in a community. They help with garbage sorting (垃圾分类). In his reply, he said he was happy to know that after recent years of publicity (推广), the work of garbage sorting in the volunteers’ community was very 1. s______. He also hopes more people can 2. d______ the habit of sorting garbage. Since 2019, more than 22,000 garbage stations have been upgraded (升级) in Shanghai. A 3. h______ change has taken place in the city in recent years. People once 4. r______ garbage sorting, but now they are actively joining in the activity. The community also makes use of technology in garbage sorting. There are special recycling machines besides the garbage cans. People put in old clothes they don’t want. This can help those who can’t 5. a______ clothes in some poor areas. “Sorting garbage is a way to make the community a 6. b______ place. Also, people can get points on Alipay if they 7. m______ to put the garbage into the right bins. The points can be exchanged for gifts,” said a volunteer. He said many people changed their minds after this kind of “persuasion”. 16-year-old volunteer Yu Yue has made posters and written articles about garbage sorting. “My classmates and I 8. e______ made an animation (动画) to help people understand. After watching them, they have known how important garbage sorting is to the 9. e______,” Yu said. In the future, the community will hold more events and work 10. c______ with local schools. The whole country is going to implement garbage sorting in the near future. [答案：1.successful 2.develop 3.huge 4.refused 5.afford 6.better 7.manage 8.even 9.environment 10.closely] 9． 阅读回答问题 Before 1970, few laws protected the environment. Then on 22 April that year, Earth Day was created to celebrate our planet, tell people about environmental problems, and encourage them to take action. Now Earth Day is celebrated around the world. We still face many challenges, such as climate(气候) change, plastic pollution, and deforestation(毁林). But we can make a difference. Here is an earth-helping hero. Adeline Tiffanie Suwana was twelve when her home flooded. Indonesia, her island nation in South-east Asia, is often hit hard by floods and other natural disasters. Adeline wanted to help. Studying the problem, she learned that mangrove trees play an important role in flood protection. Their big, tangled(缠结的) roots slow floodwaters and keep soil from washing away. But the trees were being cut down. Adeline gathered her classmates to plant 200 mangrove young trees during a school break. They started a group called Friends of Nature, which works to keep the area’s biodiversity(生物多样性), fight against climate change, and help people realize the importance of the environment. They even started a project to get clean energy to remote villages. Today, Adeline attends college, studying how businesses can help the environment. Remember: Every one of us can be a hero for the environment! 注:每题答案不超过6个词。 1. What do the underlined words “our planet” in Paragraph 1 refer to? ____________________________________________________________________ 2. What happened to Adeline’s home when she was twelve? ____________________________________________________________________ 3. How many things did Adeline and her classmates do to help with the environment? ____________________________________________________________________ 4. What does Adeline do now? ____________________________________________________________________ 5. What is the proper title for the passage? ____________________________________________________________________ 答案： 1. The Earth. 2. Her family’s home flooded. 3. Three. 4. She is a college student. 5. An Earth-helping hero. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $