Unit 4 语法专练2026-2027学年译林版九年级英语上册

该初中英语讲义通过知识框架图系统构建疑问词引导的宾语从句知识体系，涵盖定义、结构、疑问词分类及用法、语序、时态、简化规则等要点，用对比表格区分what/which等疑问词的用法差异，通过错误与正确示例对比突出陈述句语序这一核心难点，清晰呈现知识内在逻辑。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础层设疑问词填空（如“Can you tell me ____ the nearest post office is?”），进阶层有合并句子和改错（如将“Where does she live?”合并为宾语从句），高阶层含句型转换（如简化“I don't know what I should do”为“what to do”），培养语言运用和逻辑思维能力。解析详尽，标注错误原因及方法技巧，助力不同层次学生掌握，支持自主复习，为教师精准教学提供有效资源。

译林版九上Unit 4语法专练 Unit 4 语法：宾语从句（疑问词引导） 一、语法讲解 （一）疑问词引导的宾语从句概述 1. 定义 疑问词引导的宾语从句，是指由特殊疑问词（what，which，who，whom，whose，when，where，why，how等）引导的宾语从句。这类宾语从句来源于特殊疑问句，在复合句中充当宾语成分。 2. 结构 主句 + 疑问词 + 宾语从句（主语 + 谓语 + 其他） 疑问词在从句中保留其疑问含义，但整个从句使用陈述句语序。 例句：I don't know what he is doing.（我不知道他在做什么。） 3. 与that和if/whether引导的宾语从句的区别 · that引导的从句：表达陈述性事实，that无意义。 · if/whether引导的从句：表达“是否”的疑问，从句内容为yes/no问题。 · 疑问词引导的从句：表达“什么、哪里、何时、为什么”等具体疑问信息，疑问词有意义。 （二）疑问词的分类及用法 1. what引导的宾语从句 what在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语，意为“什么”。 例句： · what作主语：I don't know what happened yesterday.（我不知道昨天发生了什么。） · what作宾语：Can you tell me what you are doing?（你能告诉我你在做什么吗？） · what作表语：She asked me what my name was.（她问我叫什么名字。） · what作定语：I don't know what color he likes.（我不知道他喜欢什么颜色。） 2. which引导的宾语从句 which表示“哪一个”，通常表示在一定范围内选择，在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语。 例句： · which作主语：I wonder which will win the game.（我想知道哪个会赢得比赛。） · which作宾语：Tell me which you prefer.（告诉我你更喜欢哪一个。） · which作定语：She asked which book I bought.（她问我买了哪本书。） 3. who/whom/whose引导的宾语从句 · who：指人，在从句中作主语或表语。例句：I don't know who broke the window.（我不知道谁打破了窗户。） · whom：指人，在从句中作宾语（口语中常用who代替）。例句：She asked whom I met at the party.（她问我在派对上遇到了谁。） · whose：表示“谁的”，在从句中作定语。例句：I wonder whose bag this is.（我想知道这是谁的包。） 4. when/where/why引导的宾语从句 · when：询问时间，在从句中作时间状语。例句：Can you tell me when the train will arrive?（你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗？） · where：询问地点，在从句中作地点状语。例句：I don't know where he lives.（我不知道他住在哪里。） · why：询问原因，在从句中作原因状语。例句：Do you know why he was late?（你知道他为什么迟到吗？） 5. how引导的宾语从句 how表示“如何，怎样”，可以单独使用，也可以与其他词搭配使用。 例句： · how单独使用：She taught me how I should use the computer.（她教我如何使用电脑。） · how many + 可数名词：I wonder how many people came to the meeting.（我想知道有多少人来了会议。） · how much + 不可数名词：Can you tell me how much this dress costs?（你能告诉我这条裙子多少钱吗？） · how long：询问时间长度或长度。例句：I don't know how long he will stay.（我不知道他会待多久。） · how far：询问距离。例句：Can you tell me how far it is to the station?（你能告诉我到车站有多远吗？） · how often：询问频率。例句：I wonder how often he exercises.（我想知道他多久锻炼一次。） · how soon：询问多久以后。例句：Please tell me how soon he will come back.（请告诉我他多久以后回来。） 6. whatever，whoever，whichever等复合疑问词 这些词引导的宾语从句表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论哪个”，带有强调或让步的含义。 例句： · You can take whatever you like.（你可以拿你喜欢的任何东西。） · I'll support whoever you choose.（我会支持你选择的任何人。） （三）疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序 1. 基本规则：陈述句语序 无论疑问词本身是什么，从句必须使用“主语 + 谓语”的陈述句语序。 错误示例： · Could you tell me when does the train leave?（疑问句语序，助动词does提前） · I don't know what is his name.（疑问句语序，be动词is提前） · She asked where did he go.（疑问句语序，助动词did提前） 正确示例： · Could you tell me when the train leaves? · I don't know what his name is. · She asked where he went. 2. 特殊情况：疑问词本身就是主语 当疑问词在宾语从句中充当主语时，从句的语序与陈述句语序自然相同，无需调整。此时疑问词后直接跟谓语动词。 例句： · I don't know who came to the party.（who作主语，后面直接跟came，语序正确） · Can you tell me what happened?（what作主语，后面直接跟happened，语序正确） · She asked which is better.（which作主语，后面直接跟is，语序正确） 3. 注意区分疑问词作主语和作宾语 作主语时，语序不变；作宾语或状语时，需要调整语序。 对比： · I don't know who broke the window.（who作主语，语序不变，主语+谓语+宾语） · I don't know who you met.（who作met的宾语，正常语序应为you met who，改为宾语从句后who提前，剩余部分you met保持陈述句语序，正确） （四）疑问词引导的宾语从句的时态 时态规则与that/if/whether引导的宾语从句相同，遵循主句和从句时态一致性的原则。 1. 主句为现在时 从句可根据需要使用任何时态。 例句： · I don't know where he lives now.（一般现在时） · I don't know where he went yesterday.（一般过去时） · I don't know where he will go tomorrow.（一般将来时） 2. 主句为过去时 从句使用相应的过去时态。 例句： · He asked me what I was doing.（现在进行时 → 过去进行时） · She wondered why he had left early.（现在完成时 → 过去完成时，或一般过去时 → 过去完成时） · He didn't know when she would come back.（一般将来时 → 过去将来时） 3. 客观真理 即使主句为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 例句：The teacher asked the students why the earth goes around the sun.（地球绕太阳转是客观真理） （五）疑问词引导的宾语从句的简化 当主句的主语与宾语从句的主语一致时，疑问词引导的宾语从句可以简化为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。这种简化使句子更加简洁。 1. 简化规则 原句：主句 + 疑问词 + 主语 + should/can/will + 动词原形 + 其他 简化后：主句 + 疑问词 + to + 动词原形 + 其他 2. 常见简化 例句： · I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do. · She wondered which dress she should choose. → She wondered which dress to choose. · He didn't know where he could go. → He didn't know where to go. · Can you tell me how I can get to the station? → Can you tell me how to get to the station? · She asked when she should leave. → She asked when to leave. · I forgot whether I should turn left or right. → I forgot whether to turn left or right. 3. 简化时的注意事项 · 简化后的结构中，疑问词仍然保留。 · 不定式的逻辑主语就是主句的主语（或宾语，取决于原从句主语）。 · 这种简化通常用于表示“应该做某事”或“能够做某事”的语境。 · 注意：简化时要用whether，不能用if。例如：I don't know whether to go.（√）I don't know if to go.（×） （六）疑问词引导的宾语从句的常见句型 1. 与tell，ask，show等动词连用 这些动词常接疑问词引导的宾语从句，表示“告诉、询问、展示”具体信息。 例句： · Please tell me what your name is. · He asked me where I lived. · Can you show me how this machine works? 2. 与know，understand，remember，forget等动词连用 这些动词表示认知状态，常接疑问词引导的宾语从句。 例句： · I don't know why he is angry. · Do you remember when we first met? · He forgot where he had put the key. 3. 与wonder，want to know等动词连用 这些动词表达“想知道”的含义。 例句： · I wonder what he is doing now. · She wants to know how she can improve her English. 4. 与depend on，be interested in等短语连用 疑问词引导的宾语从句也常作介词的宾语。 例句： · The price depends on which size you choose. · I'm interested in how you made this. （七）疑问词引导的宾语从句的特殊注意事项 1. 省略疑问词的情况 在口语中，某些情况下疑问词可以省略，但不推荐在书面语中省略。 2. what与which的区别 what不表示选择范围，which表示在一定范围内的选择。 例句： · I don't know what book he wants.（不知道他想要什么书，没有范围） · I don't know which book he wants from these two.（不知道他想要这两本中的哪一本，有范围） 3. how单独使用时与how + 形容词/副词的区别 · how单独使用：询问方式。例句：Tell me how you did it. · how + 形容词/副词：询问程度。例句：Tell me how tall he is.（他有多高） 4. why引导的宾语从句与because连用的错误 回答why引导的从句时，用because引导原因状语从句。但注意不要混淆。 5. 疑问词+ever结构的含义 whatever，whoever，whichever等词引导的宾语从句，表达的是“无论……”的含义，比普通的疑问词语气更强。 例句： · You can eat whatever you want.（你可以吃你想吃的任何东西。） · I will support whoever you choose.（无论你选择谁，我都会支持。） 二、习题部分 题目 一、用合适的疑问词（what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how）填空 1. Can you tell me ________ the nearest post office is? 2. I don't know ________ he is always late for school. 3. She asked me ________ book I wanted to borrow. 4. Do you remember ________ we first met? 5. I wonder ________ he did to solve the problem. 6. Tell me ________ you plan to get to the airport. 7. I don't know ________ bag this is. Is it yours? 8. He asked me ________ I liked better, coffee or tea. 9. Can you tell me ________ I can get to the station? 10. She wondered ________ would win the competition. 二、选择正确的选项 1. Could you tell me ________? A. where does he live B. where he lives C. he lives where D. does he live where 2. I don't know ________. A. what is his name B. what his name is C. his name is what D. is what his name 3. She asked me ________ I was late. A. why B. that C. if D. what 4. Do you know ________? A. when will he come B. when he will come C. he will come when D. will he come when 5. I wonder ________ she is so happy today. A. what B. why C. that D. which 6. Can you tell me ________ I can improve my English? A. what B. how C. that D. which 7. He didn't tell me ________ he was born. A. when B. that C. if D. which 8. I want to know ________ book this is. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 9. Could you show me ________ this app works? A. what B. how C. that D. which 10. She asked me ________ I preferred, the red one or the blue one. A. what B. that C. which D. whose 三、将下列句子合并为含有宾语从句的复合句 1. Where does she live? Can you tell me? 2. Why was he late? Do you know? 3. What time does the train leave? Could you tell me? 4. Who broke the window? I don't know. 5. Which dress does she like? I wonder. 6. How can I get to the museum? Can you tell me? 7. When will they arrive? He asked. 8. Whose phone is this? I want to know. 9. How far is it from here to the airport? Could you tell me? 10. How long will he stay in Beijing? I don't know. 四、改错（每题仅有一处错误） 1. Could you tell me where is the library? 2. I don't know what does he want. 3. She asked me that why I was sad. 4. Can you tell me how can I get to the station? 5. I wonder that he is so happy today. 6. He asked me what was my favorite color. 7. Do you know when does the movie start? 8. I don't know which one is he going to choose. 9. She wondered what was the matter with him. 10. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 五、句型转换 1. I don't know what I should do next. (简化为简单句) 2. She wondered which way she should take. (简化为简单句) 3. He didn't know where he could find his keys. (简化为简单句) 4. Can you tell me how I can use this camera? (简化为简单句) 5. She asked me when she should leave. (简化为简单句) 6. I forgot whether I should turn left or right. (简化为简单句) 7. He told me how I could solve the problem. (简化为简单句) 8. I don't know where I should go. (简化为简单句) 9. She taught me what I should do. (简化为简单句) 10. He wondered how he could improve his grades. (简化为简单句) 六、翻译句子 1. 你能告诉我银行在哪里吗？ 2. 我不知道他为什么这么难过。 3. 你知道他什么时候回来吗？ 4. 我想知道她喜欢什么颜色。 5. 请告诉我怎样才能到达火车站。 6. 他问我谁打破了窗户。 7. 我不记得我把钥匙放在哪里了。 8. 你能告诉我这部电影什么时候开始吗？ 9. 她想知道哪条路通往市中心。 10. 我不知道他多大了。 三、答案与解析 一、用合适的疑问词填空 1. 答案：where 解析：从句询问的是“地点”，用where引导。句意：你能告诉我最近的邮局在哪里吗？ 2. 答案：why 解析：从句询问的是“原因”，用why引导。句意：我不知道他为什么总是上学迟到。 3. 答案：which 解析：从句询问的是“哪一本书”，有选择范围（隐含或明确），用which引导。句意：她问我想要借哪本书。 4. 答案：when 解析：从句询问的是“时间”，用when引导。句意：你还记得我们第一次见面是什么时候吗？ 5. 答案：what 解析：从句中的did缺少宾语，what在从句中充当宾语。句意：我想知道他做了什么来解决问题。 6. 答案：how 解析：从句询问的是“方式、方法”，用how引导。句意：告诉我你打算怎么去机场。 7. 答案：whose 解析：从句询问的是“谁的”，用whose作定语修饰bag。句意：我不知道这是谁的包，是你的吗？ 8. 答案：which 解析：从句给出的选择范围是coffee or tea，用which引导表示“哪一个”。句意：他问我咖啡和茶更喜欢哪一个。 9. 答案：how 解析：从句询问的是“如何、怎样到达车站”，用how引导。句意：你能告诉我怎么去车站吗？ 10. 答案：who 解析：从句中的would win缺少主语，询问“谁”会赢，用who引导。句意：她想知道谁会赢得比赛。 二、选择正确的选项 1. 答案：B 解析：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，即“where + 主语 + 谓语”。A是疑问句语序，C语序混乱，D错误。故B正确。 2. 答案：B 解析：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序。what作表语，从句语序为“疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语”。A是疑问句语序，C和D错误。故B正确。 3. 答案：A 解析：从句表达的是“为什么迟到”的含义，需要疑问词why引导。that用于陈述，if表示“是否”，what不符合。故A正确。 4. 答案：B 解析：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序。“when + 主语 + 谓语”。A是疑问句语序，C和D语序错误。故B正确。 5. 答案：B 解析：从句表达的是“她为什么这么高兴”的原因，用why引导。what询问事物，that用于陈述，which表示选择。故B正确。 6. 答案：B 解析：从句询问的是“如何、怎样提高英语”，用how引导。what询问事物，that用于陈述，which表示选择。故B正确。 7. 答案：A 解析：从句询问的是“出生时间”，用when引导。that用于陈述，if表示“是否”，which表示选择。故A正确。 8. 答案：B 解析：从句询问的是“这是谁的书”，用whose作定语修饰book。who和whom指人但不能作定语，which表示选择但意思不符。故B正确。 9. 答案：B 解析：从句询问的是“这个应用程序如何工作”，询问方式，用how引导。what询问事物，that用于陈述，which表示选择。故B正确。 10. 答案：C 解析：从句给出了选择范围“the red one or the blue one”，询问“哪一个”，用which引导。what询问事物，that用于陈述，whose询问所属。故C正确。 三、将下列句子合并为宾语从句 1. 答案：Can you tell me where she lives? 解析：特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，用原疑问词where引导，从句改为陈述句语序（she lives，而非does she live）。 2. 答案：Do you know why he was late? 解析：特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，用原疑问词why引导，从句改为陈述句语序（he was late，而非was he late）。 3. 答案：Could you tell me what time the train leaves? 解析：what time引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述句语序（the train leaves，而非does the train leave）。注意what time相当于when。 4. 答案：I don't know who broke the window. 解析：特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，who在从句中作主语，语序不变，直接跟谓语动词broke。 5. 答案：I wonder which dress she likes. 解析：which dress引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述句语序（she likes，而非does she like）。注意dress放在which之后。 6. 答案：Can you tell me how I can get to the museum? 解析：how引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述句语序（I can get，而非can I get）。 7. 答案：He asked when they would arrive. 解析：主句为过去时（asked），从句中的will arrive应改为过去将来时would arrive。从句改为陈述句语序。 8. 答案：I want to know whose phone this is. 解析：whose引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述句语序（this is，而非is this）。whose修饰phone。 9. 答案：Could you tell me how far it is from here to the airport? 解析：how far引导宾语从句，询问距离，从句保持陈述句语序。 10. 答案：I don't know how long he will stay in Beijing. 解析：how long引导宾语从句，询问时间长度，从句改为陈述句语序（he will stay，而非will he stay）。 四、改错 1. 答案：Could you tell me where the library is? 解析：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，将is放在library之后。错误地将be动词提到了主语之前。 2. 答案：I don't know what he wants. 解析：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，将does he want改为he wants。what在从句中作wants的宾语，语序应为“what + 主语 + 谓语”。 3. 答案：She asked me why I was sad. 解析：that和why不能同时使用。why已经引导宾语从句，不需要再加that。 4. 答案：Can you tell me how I can get to the station? 解析：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，将can I get改为I can get。 5. 答案：I wonder why he is so happy today. 解析：wonder表示“想知道”，后接疑问内容，用why引导。that用于陈述，不符合语境。 6. 答案：He asked me what my favorite color was. 解析：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，将what was my favorite color改为what my favorite color was。what在从句中作表语。 7. 答案：Do you know when the movie starts? 解析：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，将does the movie start改为the movie starts。 8. 答案：I don't know which one he is going to choose. 解析：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，将is he going改为he is going。 9. 答案：She wondered what was the matter with him. 解析：此句实际上是对的！what was the matter with him是固定表达，其中what作主语，was是谓语，the matter是表语，语序本身是陈述句语序。所以无需修改。原句中what was the matter with him是正确的，而what the matter was with him反而是错误的。 10. 答案：Can you tell me how many students there are in your class? 解析：there be句型中，there作主语，are是谓语，students是表语。在宾语从句中保持there are的语序不变，不应改为are there。 五、句型转换 1. 答案：I don't know what to do next. 解析：当主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词 + 不定式”。what I should do简化为what to do。 2. 答案：She wondered which way to take. 解析：which way she should take中的主语she与主句主语一致，可简化为which way to take。 3. 答案：He didn't know where to find his keys. 解析：where he could find his keys简化为where to find his keys。 4. 答案：Can you tell me how to use this camera? 解析：how I can use this camera简化为how to use this camera。 5. 答案：She asked me when to leave. 解析：when she should leave简化为when to leave。 6. 答案：I forgot whether to turn left or right. 解析：whether I should turn left or right简化为whether to turn left or right。注意只能用whether，不能用if。 7. 答案：He told me how to solve the problem. 解析：how I could solve the problem简化为how to solve the problem。 8. 答案：I don't know where to go. 解析：where I should go简化为where to go。 9. 答案：She taught me what to do. 解析：what I should do简化为what to do。 10. 答案：He wondered how to improve his grades. 解析：how he could improve his grades简化为how to improve his grades。 六、翻译句子 1. 答案：Can you tell me where the bank is? 解析：特殊疑问句“银行在哪里”改为宾语从句，用where引导，陈述句语序the bank is。 2. 答案：I don't know why he is so sad. 解析：“为什么”用why引导，从句用陈述句语序he is so sad。 3. 答案：Do you know when he will come back? 解析：“什么时候”用when引导，将来时用will come back。 4. 答案：I want to know what color she likes. 解析：“什么颜色”用what color引导，从句用陈述句语序she likes。 5. 答案：Please tell me how to get to the railway station. 解析：宾语从句简化为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。how to get to比how I can get to更简洁。 6. 答案：He asked me who broke the window. 解析：who在从句中作主语，语序不变，直接跟谓语动词broke。主句asked为过去时，从句用一般过去时。 7. 答案：I don't remember where I put my keys. 解析：“把钥匙放在哪里”用where引导，陈述句语序I put my keys。 8. 答案：Can you tell me when the movie starts? 解析：“什么时候开始”用when引导，陈述句语序the movie starts。 9. 答案：She wants to know which way leads to the city center. 解析：“哪条路”用which way引导，leads to是谓语动词，从句为陈述句语序。 10. 答案：I don't know how old he is. 解析：“多大”用how old引导，陈述句语序he is，而非is he。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $