Unit 5 语法专练 2026-2027学年译林版九年级英语上册

**基本信息** 以“概念-结构-应用-特殊情况”为逻辑链，系统构建被动语态知识体系，通过分层讲解与多样化题型实现语言能力与思维品质的协同提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法讲解|12类核心知识点|被动语态构成公式、主动变被动三步法、双宾语/短语动词转换规则|从语态基本概念到一般现在/过去时被动语态，再到特殊情况（如主动表被动），形成“基础-具体-拓展”的递进链条| |习题训练|6类题型50题|句型转换四步法（宾作主/谓变被动/时状保留/执行者省略）、时态判断三要素（时间状语/主谓一致/语境逻辑）|覆盖基础应用（填空/选择）到综合转换（改错/翻译），典例含高频易错点（过去分词误用、短语动词拆分）|

译林版九上Unit 5语法专练 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 一、语法讲解 （一）被动语态的基本概念 1. 定义 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 · 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。例句：The boy broke the window.（男孩打破了窗户。主语“男孩”是动作“打破”的执行者） · 被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。例句：The window was broken by the boy.（窗户被那个男孩打破了。主语“窗户”是动作“打破”的承受者） 2. 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be表示时态、人称和数，过去分词表示被动意义。 结构：主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) 3. 何时使用被动语态 情况一：不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。例句：My bike was stolen yesterday.（我的自行车昨天被偷了。不知道是谁偷的） 情况二：动作的承受者是谈话的中心。例句：The sick man was sent to hospital immediately.（病人被立刻送往医院。病人是关注的重点） 情况三：出于礼貌或表达的需要，避免说出动作的执行者。例句：A mistake was made in the report.（报告中出现了一个错误。避免指责犯错的人） 情况四：在科技文献、新闻报道等正式文体中，常用被动语态使表述更加客观。例句：The experiment was conducted under strict conditions.（实验在严格的条件下进行） 4. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤 第一步：将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 第二步：将主动语态的谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”形式，be的时态与原句一致，并与新主语保持人称和数的一致。 第三步：将主动语态的主语变为by的宾语，放在谓语之后。如果不重要或不清楚，可以省略。 示例： · 主动：Someone cleaned the room. · 第一步：the room · 第二步：was cleaned · 第三步：by someone · 被动：The room was cleaned (by someone). 5. 被动语态的时态变化 be动词的时态决定了被动语态的时态。以下是最常见的几种被动语态时态： 一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词。例句：English is spoken all over the world. 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词。例句：The car was repaired yesterday. 一般将来时：will be + 过去分词。例句：A new bridge will be built next year. 现在进行时：am/is/are being + 过去分词。例句：The house is being painted now. 过去进行时：was/were being + 过去分词。例句：The road was being repaired when I passed. 现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词。例句：The work has been finished. 过去完成时：had been + 过去分词。例句：The letter had been sent before he arrived. 情态动词：情态动词 + be + 过去分词。例句：The work must be finished today. （二）一般现在时的被动语态 1. 结构 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者) 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者) 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者)? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者)? 2. 用法 用法一：表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作。例句：The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天都被打扫） 用法二：表示客观事实或普遍真理。例句：Rice is grown in the south of China.（中国南方种植水稻） 用法三：表示主语的现有状态或特征。例句：This book is written in simple English.（这本书是用简单的英语写的） 3. 主谓一致 be动词的形式必须与主语的人称和数保持一致。 · 主语为第一人称单数I时，用am。例句：I am invited to the party. · 主语为第三人称单数时，用is。例句：The work is done by him. · 主语为复数或第二人称时，用are。例句：These books are written by Lu Xun. 4. 常见例句 例句： · Tea is grown in many countries.（许多国家种植茶叶） · The meeting is held every Monday.（会议每周一举行） · These machines are made in Germany.（这些机器是德国制造的） · English is spoken as a second language in many countries.（英语在许多国家被当作第二语言使用） · The children are taken care of by their grandmother.（孩子们由他们的祖母照顾） 5. 与一般现在时主动语态的对比 主动语态：People speak English all over the world.（人们在世界各地讲英语） 被动语态：English is spoken all over the world.（英语在世界各地被讲） 主动语态：My mother waters the flowers every day.（我妈妈每天浇花） 被动语态：The flowers are watered by my mother every day.（花每天被我妈妈浇） （三）一般过去时的被动语态 1. 结构 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者) 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者) 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者)? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者)? 2. 用法 用法一：表示过去某个具体时间发生的被动动作。例句：The car was repaired yesterday.（这辆车昨天被修好了） 用法二：表示过去某一时间段内发生的被动动作。例句：These houses were built in the 1990s.（这些房子建于20世纪90年代） 用法三：强调过去某个被动动作已经完成。例句：The letter was written last night.（这封信是昨晚写的） 3. 主谓一致 · 主语为第一人称单数I或第三人称单数时，用was。例句：I was told to wait here. / The work was finished on time. · 主语为复数或第二人称时，用were。例句：The windows were broken by the storm. / You were invited to the party. 4. 常见例句 例句： · The bridge was built in 1990.（这座桥建于1990年） · The thief was caught by the police.（小偷被警察抓住了） · The cake was made by my grandmother.（这个蛋糕是我祖母做的） · The meeting was held in the conference room.（会议在会议室举行） · The windows were closed before the storm.（窗户在暴风雨前被关上了） 5. 与一般过去时主动语态的对比 主动语态：The workers built the bridge in 1990.（工人们于1990年修建了这座桥） 被动语态：The bridge was built in 1990.（这座桥建于1990年） 主动语态：Someone left the door open.（有人让门开着） 被动语态：The door was left open.（门被开着） （四）主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况 1. 带双宾语的动词 有些动词可以带两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）。变为被动语态时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语保留在谓语后面。通常情况下，将表示人的间接宾语变为主语更常见。 常见带双宾语的动词：give（给），show（展示），tell（告诉），send（寄送），teach（教），buy（买），make（制作），offer（提供），lend（借出），pass（传递）等。 示例一：把间接宾语变为主语 · 主动：My mother gave me a present. · 被动：I was given a present by my mother. 示例二：把直接宾语变为主语 · 主动：My mother gave me a present. · 被动：A present was given to me by my mother. 注意：当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常要加介词to或for。give，show，tell，send，lend，pass，offer等动词后加to；buy，make，cook，get等动词后加for。 例句： · He bought her a ring. → A ring was bought for her. · She cooked us a meal. → A meal was cooked for us. 2. 带复合宾语的动词 有些动词的宾语后面带有宾语补足语。变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。 常见动词：make（使），see（看见），hear（听见），watch（观看），call（称呼），name（命名），elect（选举）等。 例句： · 主动：They named the boy Tom. · 被动：The boy was named Tom. · 主动：We elected him monitor. · 被动：He was elected monitor. · 主动：Everyone calls him Lao Wang. · 被动：He is called Lao Wang by everyone. 3. 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词（动词+介词/副词）变为被动语态时，整个短语应被视为一个整体，不能省略或拆分后面的介词或副词。 常见短语动词：look after（照顾），take care of（照顾），laugh at（嘲笑），listen to（听），call on（拜访），operate on（给……做手术），put off（推迟），turn off（关掉），turn on（打开）等。 例句： · 主动：The nurse looks after the patients. · 被动：The patients are looked after by the nurse. · 主动：Everyone laughed at his joke. · 被动：His joke was laughed at by everyone. · 主动：They put off the meeting. · 被动：The meeting was put off. 4. 不带by短语的被动语态 当动作的执行者不重要、不清楚或可以从语境中推断时，可以省略by短语。 例句： · The window was broken.（窗户被打破了。谁打破的不重要或不明确） · The book was published in 1999.（这本书出版于1999年。执行者“出版社”不重要） · The criminal was arrested.（罪犯被逮捕了。执行者“警察”可从语境推断） 5. 不用于被动语态的动词 以下动词通常不用于被动语态： 不及物动词：happen（发生），occur（发生），take place（发生），belong（属于），exist（存在），appear（出现），disappear（消失），die（死亡），fall（落下）等。 表示状态的及物动词：have（有），own（拥有），possess（拥有），lack（缺乏），fit（适合），suit（适合），cost（花费），weigh（重），measure（测量）等。 例句（这些句子没有被动形式）： · The accident happened yesterday.（不能说The accident was happened） · I have a car.（不能说A car is had by me） · This book belongs to me.（不能说I am belonged by this book） 6. 主动形式表被动意义 有些动词以主动形式表达被动意义。 情况一：某些动词与well，easily，badly等副词连用时，表示主语的内在性质。如：read，write，sell，wash，clean，cut，lock等。 例句： · This pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅。意思是笔被用来写的时候很流畅） · The cloth washes easily.（这种布很容易洗。） · The book sells well.（这本书很畅销。） 情况二：need，want，require（需要）等动词后接doing，主动形式表达被动意义。 例句： · The house needs cleaning.（房子需要被打扫。= needs to be cleaned） · The flowers want watering.（花需要浇水。= want to be watered） 情况三：be worth + doing，主动形式表达被动意义。 例句：The movie is worth watching.（这部电影值得看。） 二、习题部分 题目 一、将下列句子改为被动语态 1. People speak Chinese in China. 2. My mother made this cake yesterday. 3. The workers built the bridge in 1990. 4. We clean our classroom every day. 5. Someone stole my bike last night. 6. They hold the sports meeting every year. 7. The boy broke the window. 8. She waters the flowers in the garden every morning. 9. The teacher praised Tom for his honesty. 10. They cancelled the meeting because of the rain. 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. The sports meeting ________ (hold) every year in our school. 2. The Great Wall ________ (build) over 2,000 years ago. 3. English ________ (speak) by many people around the world. 4. The letter ________ (write) by my sister yesterday. 5. These books ________ (write) for children. 6. The museum ________ (visit) by thousands of tourists every day. 7. The car ________ (repair) last week. 8. The classroom ________ (clean) by the students every Friday. 9. The bridge ________ (complete) in 2015. 10. The problem ________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 三、选择正确的选项 1. The cake ________ by my grandmother yesterday. A. is made B. was made C. made D. was make 2. English ________ in many countries around the world. A. is spoken B. was spoken C. speaks D. is speaking 3. These songs ________ by a famous singer. A. are sung B. is sung C. sing D. was sung 4. The window ________ by the boy yesterday. A. is broken B. was broken C. broke D. was break 5. The meeting ________ every Monday. A. hold B. is held C. was held D. has held 6. This kind of watch ________ in Shanghai. A. make B. is made C. makes D. are made 7. The homework ________ by Tom last night. A. is done B. was done C. did D. was did 8. Rice ________ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. grow D. are grown 9. The children ________ by their grandmother every day. A. look after B. are looked after C. looked after D. is looked after 10. The old man ________ to the hospital immediately after the accident. A. was sent B. sent C. is sent D. sends 四、改错（每题仅有一处错误） 1. This book was wrote by Mark Twain. 2. The meeting is hold in the conference room every week. 3. The window was break by the strong wind. 4. The flowers are water by my mother every day. 5. The bridge was build in 1960. 6. The problem is discussed at yesterday's meeting. 7. The cake was made by my mother yesterday. It tastes well. 8. The children are looked at by their aunt. 9. The letter was send to the wrong address. 10. The homework is do by the students every day. 五、句型转换 1. People grow rice in the south of China. (改为被动语态) 2. Someone stole my wallet on the bus. (改为被动语态) 3. The teacher asked us to finish the work on time. (改为被动语态) 4. They built this hospital in 1998. (改为被动语态) 5. My mother gives me a present every year. (改为被动语态，保留间接宾语作主语) 6. My mother gives me a present every year. (改为被动语态，保留直接宾语作主语) 7. They elected him the captain of the team. (改为被动语态) 8. People call him Uncle Wang. (改为被动语态) 9. They will hold the concert next week. (改为被动语态，将next week变为时间状语) 10. The nurse looks after the patients in this hospital. (改为被动语态) 六、翻译句子 1. 我的自行车昨天被偷了。 2. 英语在世界各地被广泛使用。 3. 这座桥建于1990年。 4. 教室每天都被打扫。 5. 这本书是鲁迅写的。 6. 这些花每天都被浇水。 7. 那个小偷昨晚被警察抓住了。 8. 这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。 9. 会议因雨被取消了。 10. 这些机器是中国制造的。 三、答案与解析 一、将下列句子改为被动语态 1. 答案：Chinese is spoken in China. 解析：原句为一般现在时主动语态，主语People是泛指，可以省略。原句宾语Chinese变为被动句主语，谓语改为is spoken。动作执行者by people可以省略。 2. 答案：This cake was made (by my mother) yesterday. 解析：原句为一般过去时，主语my mother，宾语this cake。被动语态中，this cake变为主语，谓语改为was made。yesterday时间状语不变。by my mother可省略。 3. 答案：The bridge was built in 1990. 解析：原句为一般过去时，宾语the bridge变为主语，谓语改为was built。动作执行者by the workers可省略。 4. 答案：Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 解析：原句为一般现在时，宾语our classroom变为主语，谓语改为is cleaned。every day时间状语不变。by us可省略。 5. 答案：My bike was stolen last night. 解析：原句为一般过去时，宾语my bike变为主语，谓语改为was stolen。last night时间状语不变。动作执行者someone可省略。 6. 答案：The sports meeting is held every year. 解析：原句为一般现在时，宾语the sports meeting变为主语，谓语改为is held。every year时间状语不变。 7. 答案：The window was broken by the boy. 解析：原句为一般过去时，宾语the window变为主语，谓语改为was broken。动作执行者by the boy需要保留，因为这是重要信息。 8. 答案：The flowers are watered by her every morning. 解析：原句为一般现在时，主语She，宾语the flowers。the flowers变为主语（复数），谓语改为are watered。every morning时间状语不变。 9. 答案：Tom was praised by the teacher for his honesty. 解析：原句为一般过去时，宾语Tom变为主语，谓语改为was praised。for his honesty原因状语保留。 10. 答案：The meeting was cancelled because of the rain. 解析：原句为一般过去时，宾语the meeting变为主语，谓语改为was cancelled。because of the rain原因状语保留。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. 答案：is held 解析：every year表示经常性动作，用一般现在时被动语态。主语sports meeting为单数，用is held。 2. 答案：was built 解析：over 2,000 years ago为过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态。主语the Great Wall为单数，用was built。 3. 答案：is spoken 解析：英语在世界各地被使用是客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态。English为单数，用is spoken。 4. 答案：was written 解析：yesterday为过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态。主语the letter为单数，用was written。 5. 答案：are written 解析：这些书是为孩子们写的，是一般性陈述，用一般现在时被动语态。主语these books为复数，用are written。 6. 答案：is visited 解析：every day表示经常性动作，用一般现在时被动语态。主语the museum为单数，用is visited。 7. 答案：was repaired 解析：last week为过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态。主语the car为单数，用was repaired。 8. 答案：is cleaned 解析：every Friday表示经常性动作，用一般现在时被动语态。主语the classroom为单数，用is cleaned。 9. 答案：was completed 解析：in 2015为过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态。主语the bridge为单数，用was completed。 10. 答案：was discussed 解析：yesterday为过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态。主语the problem为单数，用was discussed。 三、选择正确的选项 1. 答案：B 解析：yesterday为过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态。主语the cake为单数，用was made。 2. 答案：A 解析：英语被使用是客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态。English为单数，用is spoken。 3. 答案：A 解析：主语these songs为复数，一般现在时被动语态用are sung。 4. 答案：B 解析：yesterday为过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态。主语the window为单数，用was broken。 5. 答案：B 解析：every Monday表示经常性动作，用一般现在时被动语态。主语the meeting为单数，用is held。 6. 答案：B 解析：这种手表在上海被制造，是一般性陈述，用一般现在时被动语态。主语this kind of watch为单数，用is made。 7. 答案：B 解析：last night为过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态。主语the homework为单数，用was done。 8. 答案：B 解析：水稻在中国南方被种植是客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态。Rice为不可数名词，作单数处理，用is grown。 9. 答案：B 解析：every day表示经常性动作，用一般现在时被动语态。主语the children为复数，用are looked after。look after为短语动词，不能拆分。 10. 答案：A 解析：accident发生后立即送医院，用一般过去时被动语态。主语the old man为单数，用was sent。 四、改错 1. 答案：This book was written by Mark Twain. 解析：write的过去分词是written，不是wrote。wrote是过去式，不能用于被动语态。 2. 答案：The meeting is held in the conference room every week. 解析：被动语态中，hold的过去分词是held，不是hold。is hold是错误的。 3. 答案：The window was broken by the strong wind. 解析：break的过去分词是broken，不是break。was break是错误的。 4. 答案：The flowers are watered by my mother every day. 解析：water的过去分词是watered，不是water。are water是错误的。 5. 答案：The bridge was built in 1960. 解析：build的过去分词是built，不是build。was build是错误的。 6. 答案：The problem was discussed at yesterday's meeting. 解析：yesterday's meeting为过去时间状语，应用一般过去时被动语态was discussed。is discussed是一般现在时，与yesterday矛盾。 7. 答案：The cake was made by my mother yesterday. It tastes good. 解析：taste为系动词，后接形容词作表语，表示“尝起来”。good是形容词，well是副词。这里应该用good。 8. 答案：The children are looked after by their aunt. 解析：look after是短语动词，意为“照顾”，不能拆分为look at。look at意为“看”，意思完全不同。 9. 答案：The letter was sent to the wrong address. 解析：send的过去分词是sent，不是send。was send是错误的。 10. 答案：The homework is done by the students every day. 解析：do的过去分词是done，不是do。is do是错误的。 五、句型转换 1. 答案：Rice is grown in the south of China. 解析：原句宾语rice变为主语，谓语改为is grown。动作执行者people省略。 2. 答案：My wallet was stolen on the bus. 解析：原句宾语my wallet变为主语，谓语改为was stolen。地点状语on the bus保留。动作执行者someone省略。 3. 答案：We were asked to finish the work on time by the teacher. 解析：原句宾语us变为主语we，谓语改为were asked。宾语补足语to finish the work on time变为主语补足语。by the teacher放在句末。 4. 答案：This hospital was built in 1998. 解析：原句宾语this hospital变为主语，谓语改为was built。in 1998时间状语不变。 5. 答案：I am given a present by my mother every year. 解析：带双宾语的句子，将间接宾语me变为主语I，谓语改为am given。直接宾语a present保留在谓语后面。by my mother表示执行者。 6. 答案：A present is given to me by my mother every year. 解析：带双宾语的句子，将直接宾语a present变为主语，谓语改为is given。间接宾语me前加to，变为to me。 7. 答案：He was elected the captain of the team. 解析：带宾语补足语的句子，原句宾语him变为主语he，谓语改为was elected。宾语补足语the captain of the team变为主语补足语。 8. 答案：He is called Uncle Wang by people. 解析：原句宾语him变为主语he，谓语改为is called。宾语补足语Uncle Wang变为主语补足语。by people可省略。 9. 答案：The concert will be held next week. 解析：一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be + 过去分词。原句宾语the concert变为主语，held为hold的过去分词。 10. 答案：The patients are looked after by the nurse in this hospital. 解析：短语动词look after变为被动语态时，整体保留。原句宾语the patients变为主语（复数），谓语改为are looked after。地点状语in this hospital保留。 六、翻译句子 1. 答案：My bike was stolen yesterday. 解析：“昨天”为过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态。stolen为steal的过去分词。 2. 答案：English is widely used all over the world. 解析：客观事实用一般现在时被动语态。used为use的过去分词，widely为副词修饰used。 3. 答案：This bridge was built in 1990. 解析：in 1990为过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态。built为build的过去分词。 4. 答案：The classroom is cleaned every day. 解析：every day表示经常性动作，用一般现在时被动语态。cleaned为clean的过去分词。 5. 答案：This book was written by Lu Xun. 解析：指出书的作者，用一般过去时被动语态。written为write的过去分词。 6. 答案：These flowers are watered every day. 解析：every day表示经常性动作，用一般现在时被动语态。watered为water的过去分词。 7. 答案：The thief was caught by the police last night. 解析：last night为过去时间状语，用一般过去时被动语态。caught为catch的过去分词。 8. 答案：This cake was made by my mother. 解析：指出蛋糕的制作人，用一般过去时被动语态。made为make的过去分词。 9. 答案：The meeting was cancelled because of the rain. 解析：会议已发生，用一般过去时被动语态。cancelled为cancel的过去分词。 10. 答案：These machines are made in China. 解析：客观事实用一般现在时被动语态。made为make的过去分词，in China表示产地。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $