Unit7 语法专练 2026-2027学年译林版九年级英语上册

**基本信息** 系统构建定语从句（that/which/who）知识网络，融合概念解析、用法规则与梯度训练，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法讲解|含8类规则+20+例句|关系代词选择（人/物/主/宾）、that特殊用法（6种情况）、省略条件、介词位置规律|从基本概念（定义/位置/关系词作用）→关系代词分类用法→特殊规则→易错点，形成递进逻辑链| |习题训练|6类题型共60题|填空/选择/合并/改错/转换/翻译，覆盖中考核心考法|题型对应知识模块，从基础应用到综合转换，强化知识迁移与问题解决能力|

译林版九上Unit 7语法专练 定语从句（that, which, who） 一、语法讲解 （一）定语从句的基本概念 1. 定义 定语从句是指在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，相当于一个形容词，所以也叫形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 例句：The man who is standing there is my teacher. · The man是先行词 · who是关系代词 · who is standing there是定语从句，修饰the man 2. 定语从句的位置 定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后。这一点非常重要，因为如果定语从句离先行词太远，会造成理解困难。 正确：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. 错误：The book is very interesting that I bought yesterday. 3. 关系词的作用 关系词有三个作用： · 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句 · 代替先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等） · 具有指代作用，指代先行词 （二）关系代词的分类及用法 1. who who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可用whom代替，但口语中常用who）。 用法一：who在从句中作主语（不能省略） 例句： · The man who is talking to my father is my uncle.（正在和我父亲说话的那个人是我叔叔。——who作主语） · The girl who won the first prize is from Beijing.（获得一等奖的那个女孩来自北京。——who作主语） · Do you know the person who called me just now?（你认识刚才给我打电话的那个人吗？——who作主语） 用法二：who在从句中作宾语（口语中可省略） 例句： · The man who I met yesterday is my neighbor.（我昨天遇到的那个人是我的邻居。——who作met的宾语） · She is the girl who I want to see.（她就是我想见的那个女孩。——who作see的宾语） 注意：在正式文体中，作宾语时常用whom：The man whom I met yesterday is my neighbor. 2. whom whom指人，在定语从句中只能作宾语（不能作主语）。whom是who的宾格形式，在正式文体中使用，口语中常用who代替。 例句： · The man whom you saw at the party is a famous actor.（你在派对上看到的那个人是一位著名演员。——whom作saw的宾语） · This is the teacher whom we like best.（这就是我们最喜欢的老师。——whom作like的宾语） · The boy whom she is talking to is her brother.（她正在和他说话的那个男孩是她的弟弟。——whom作to的宾语） 注意：whom作介词宾语时，介词可以放在whom前面，也可以放在从句末尾。将介词放在whom前面时，不能用who代替whom。 · The man to whom I spoke is my boss.（我与之谈话的那个人是我的老板。——正式） · The man who I spoke to is my boss.（非正式） 3. which which指物或动物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 用法一：which在从句中作主语（不能省略） 例句： · The book which is on the desk is mine.（桌子上的那本书是我的。——which作主语） · The movie which was shown last night is very touching.（昨晚放映的那部电影非常感人。——which作主语） · I like the house which faces the sea.（我喜欢那所面朝大海的房子。——which作主语） 用法二：which在从句中作宾语（可以省略） 例句： · This is the pen which I bought yesterday.（这就是我昨天买的那支笔。——which作bought的宾语） · The film which we saw last week was boring.（我们上周看的那部电影很无聊。——which作saw的宾语） · Here is the book which you are looking for.（这就是你在找的那本书。——which作looking for的宾语） 4. that that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。that可以和who/which互换使用，但在某些情况下只能用that。 用法一：that指人（相当于who），在从句中作主语或宾语。 例句： · The man that is standing there is my uncle.（站在那里的那个人是我叔叔。——作主语） · She is the girl that I met yesterday.（她就是我昨天遇到的女孩。——作宾语） 用法二：that指物（相当于which），在从句中作主语或宾语。 例句： · The book that is on the desk is mine.（桌子上的那本书是我的。——作主语） · This is the car that I bought last year.（这就是我去年买的车。——作宾语） （三）that的特殊用法（只能用that的情况） 以下情况中，关系代词只能用that，不能用which或who： 情况一：先行词被序数词修饰时 例句： · The first thing that we should do is to call the police.（我们应该做的第一件事是报警。） · This is the second time that I have been to Beijing.（这是我第二次去北京。） 情况二：先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 例句： · This is the best movie that I have ever seen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。） · He is the tallest boy that I have ever met.（他是我见过的最高的男孩。） 情况三：先行词被all，any，every，no，some，little，much，only，very等修饰时 例句： · All that glitters is not gold.（闪闪发光的不一定都是金子。） · This is the only way that can solve the problem.（这是唯一能解决这个问题的方法。） · There is no difficulty that we cannot overcome.（没有我们克服不了的困难。） · He gave me all the money that he had.（他把他所有的钱都给了我。） 情况四：先行词为不定代词时（如all，anything，everything，nothing，something，little，much，none等） 例句： · There is nothing that I can do for you.（我没有什么能为你做的。） · Everything that he said is true.（他所说的一切都是真的。） · I want something that is cheap and useful.（我想要一些便宜且有用的东西。） 情况五：先行词既有人又有物时 例句： · He talked about the people and the places that he had visited.（他谈到了他拜访过的人和去过的地方。） · We were deeply moved by the people and the stories that we heard.（我们被听到的人和故事深深打动了。） 情况六：主句以who或which开头，为避免重复时 例句： · Who is the man that is standing there?（站在那里的那个人是谁？——主句以Who开头，不用who引导从句以免重复） · Which is the book that you borrowed from me?（哪一本是你从我这里借的书？） （四）关系代词的省略 在以下情况下，关系代词可以省略： 1. 关系代词在从句中作宾语时 关系代词在定语从句中充当及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语时，可以省略。这是最常见的省略情况。 例句： · This is the book (which/that) I bought yesterday.（这就是我昨天买的书。） · The man (who/whom/that) I met is my teacher.（我遇到的那个人是我的老师。） · The girl (who/whom/that) you are looking for is here.（你在找的那个女孩在这里。） 2. 关系代词在从句中作表语时 例句：He is not the man (that) he used to be.（他不再是以前的他了。） 3. 注意：关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略 错误：The man lives next door is a doctor.（缺少关系代词who） 正确：The man who lives next door is a doctor. （五）关系代词作宾语时介词的位置 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以放在关系代词之前（正式用法），也可以放在从句末尾（非正式用法）。 介词前置结构：介词 + which（指物）/ whom（指人），不能用that或who代替。 例句： · This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.（这就是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。） · The man to whom I spoke is my teacher.（我与之谈话的那个人是我的老师。） 介词后置结构：关系代词可以省略，介词放在从句末尾。 例句： · This is the house (which/that) Lu Xun once lived in. · The man (who/whom/that) I spoke to is my teacher. 注意事项： · 介词前置时，关系代词不能用that，不能用who，只能用which（指物）或whom（指人）。 · 介词前置时，关系代词不能省略。 · 含有介词的短语动词（如look after，take care of，listen to等），介词不能前置。 错误：This is the baby after whom I am looking. 正确：This is the baby (who/whom/that) I am looking after.（look after是短语动词，不能拆分） （六）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制的作用，是句子中不可缺少的部分。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开。 例句： · The man who is wearing a red tie is my boss.（那个系红领带的人是我的老板。——去掉从句后“The man is my boss”意思不明确，不知道是哪个男人） · I like the book that you recommended to me.（我喜欢你推荐给我的那本书。——去掉从句后不知道是哪本书） 2. 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明的作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词之间用逗号隔开。 例句： · My father，who is 50 years old，is a doctor.（我的父亲，50岁了，是一名医生。——去掉从句后“My father is a doctor”意思仍然完整） · The Great Wall，which was built over 2,000 years ago，is a symbol of China.（长城，建于2000多年前，是中国的象征。——去掉从句后意思仍然完整） 重要区别： · 非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。 · 非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能用that，指人用who（作主语）或whom（作宾语），指物用which。 · 非限制性定语从句可以修饰整个主句（此时关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容）。 例句（which指代整个主句）： · He passed the exam，which made his parents very happy.（他通过了考试，这让他父母非常高兴。——which指代“他通过了考试”这件事） （七）关系代词that，which，who的区别总结 关系代词 指代 作主语 作宾语 特殊情况 who 人 可（不能省） 可（可省） 口语中可代替whom whom 人 不可 可（可省） 正式用法，介词后必须用whom which 物 可（不能省） 可（可省） 非限制性从句中必须用which that 人/物 可（不能省） 可（可省） 不能用于非限制性从句；某些情况只能用that （八）易错点提醒 1. 关系代词作主语时不能省略 错误：The man lives next door is a doctor. 正确：The man who lives next door is a doctor. 2. 区分who和whom who作主语，whom作宾语。介词后必须用whom。 错误：The man to who I spoke is my teacher. 正确：The man to whom I spoke is my teacher. 3. that不能用于非限制性定语从句 错误：The book，that I bought yesterday，is very interesting. 正确：The book，which I bought yesterday，is very interesting. 4. 关系代词指人时，作主语只用who/that，不用whom 错误：The man whom is talking to my father is my uncle. 正确：The man who is talking to my father is my uncle. 5. 区分关系代词和疑问代词 定语从句中的关系代词紧跟在先行词后，而疑问代词引导的是疑问句。 比较： · I don't know who he is.（宾语从句，who是疑问词） · I don't know the man who is standing there.（定语从句，who是关系代词，修饰the man） 二、习题部分 题目 一、用适当的关系代词（who，whom，which，that）填空 1. The girl ________ is wearing a red dress is my sister. 2. This is the book ________ I bought last week. 3. The man ________ you met yesterday is my uncle. 4. I like the movie ________ we saw last night. 5. The boy ________ broke the window is named Tom. 6. The woman ________ I spoke to is my teacher. 7. This is the best movie ________ I have ever seen. 8. The house ________ faces the south is mine. 9. He is the man ________ helped me out of trouble. 10. The pen ________ I am writing with is new. 二、选择正确的选项 1. The man ________ is standing there is my teacher. A. who B. which C. whom D. what 2. This is the book ________ I borrowed from the library. A. who B. which C. whom D. what 3. The girl ________ you saw at the party is my cousin. A. what B. which C. whom D. whose 4. I don't like people ________ talk loudly in public. A. who B. which C. whom D. what 5. This is the only way ________ can solve the problem. A. which B. that C. what D. who 6. The dog ________ is barking at the stranger is very fierce. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 7. He talked about the people and the places ________ he had visited. A. who B. which C. that D. what 8. This is the best film ________ I have ever watched. A. which B. that C. what D. who 9. The man ________ I spoke to is from Canada. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 10. The house in ________ Lu Xun once lived is now a museum. A. that B. which C. where D. who 三、合并句子，用定语从句 1. The man is a doctor. He lives next door. 2. I like the book. You recommended it to me. 3. The girl is my classmate. She won the first prize. 4. This is the house. I grew up in it. 5. The woman is my aunt. You saw her just now. 6. The movie is very interesting. We watched it last night. 7. The boy is from Beijing. He broke the window. 8. This is the pen. I bought it yesterday. 9. The teacher is very kind. She teaches us English. 10. The dog is very cute. It is running after the ball. 四、改错（每题仅有一处错误） 1. The man which is talking to my father is my uncle. 2. This is the book who I bought yesterday. 3. The girl whom is wearing a red dress is my sister. 4. I like the people which are friendly. 5. This is the best movie which I have ever seen. 6. The man to who I spoke is my teacher. 7. The book that I bought it yesterday is very interesting. 8. He is the man that helped me.（此句正确，请找出下一句错误） The house that faces the park is mine. (此句正确，请找出下一句错误) I have a friend which plays the piano very well. 9. The woman who you met her yesterday is my aunt. 10. This is the house which I lived in it ten years ago. 五、句型转换 1. The man who is sitting there is my brother. (改为简单句) 2. This is the best movie that I have ever seen. (改为同义句，用which) 3. I have a friend. He can speak three languages. (合并为定语从句) 4. The book is very interesting. I borrowed it from the library. (合并为定语从句) 5. The woman is my English teacher. She is wearing a blue dress. (合并为定语从句) 6. The house was built in 1990. My grandfather lives in it. (合并为定语从句，介词前置) 7. The man is from Canada. You talked to him just now. (合并为定语从句，介词前置) 8. This is the school. I studied here ten years ago. (合并为定语从句) 9. I don't know the man. He is speaking to my father. (合并为定语从句) 10. The movie was very boring. We watched it last night. (合并为定语从句) 六、翻译句子 1. 那个正在唱歌的女孩是我的妹妹。 2. 这是我昨天买的那本书。 3. 你昨天见到的那个人是我的叔叔。 4. 这是他看过的最有趣的电影。 5. 我喜欢友好的人。 6. 这是他曾经住过的房子。 7. 那个正在和我父亲谈话的人是我的老师。 8. 这是我长大的城市。 9. 正在追球的狗是我的。 10. 帮助我的那个人是个警察。 三、答案与解析 一、用适当的关系代词填空 1. 答案：who 或 that 解析：先行词The girl指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，可用who或that。 2. 答案：which 或 that（可省略） 解析：先行词the book指物，关系代词在从句中作bought的宾语，可用which或that，可以省略。 3. 答案：who 或 whom 或 that（可省略） 解析：先行词The man指人，关系代词在从句中作met的宾语，可用who/whom/that，可以省略。 4. 答案：which 或 that（可省略） 解析：先行词the movie指物，关系代词在从句中作saw的宾语，可用which或that，可以省略。 5. 答案：who 或 that 解析：先行词The boy指人，关系代词在从句中作broke的主语，可用who或that。 6. 答案：who 或 whom 或 that（可省略） 解析：先行词The woman指人，关系代词在从句中作spoke to的宾语，可用who/whom/that，可以省略。 7. 答案：that 解析：先行词被形容词最高级the best修饰，关系代词只能用that。 8. 答案：which 或 that 解析：先行词The house指物，关系代词在从句中作faces的主语，可用which或that。 9. 答案：who 或 that 解析：先行词the man指人，关系代词在从句中作helped的主语，可用who或that。 10. 答案：which 或 that（可省略） 解析：先行词The pen指物，关系代词在从句中作with的宾语，可用which或that，可以省略。注意介词with后置。 二、选择正确的选项 1. 答案：A 解析：先行词The man指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who。which指物，whom作宾语，what不能引导定语从句。 2. 答案：B 解析：先行词the book指物，关系代词在从句中作borrowed的宾语，用which。who指人，whom指人作宾语，what不能引导定语从句。 3. 答案：C 解析：先行词The girl指人，关系代词在从句中作saw的宾语，用whom（正式）或who/that（口语）。选项中只有whom符合。注意saw是及物动词，后面缺少宾语。 4. 答案：A 解析：先行词people指人，关系代词在从句中作talk的主语，用who。which指物，whom作宾语，what不能引导定语从句。 5. 答案：B 解析：先行词way被the only修饰，关系代词只能用that。不能用which。 6. 答案：B 解析：先行词The dog指物（动物），关系代词在从句中作barking的主语，用which。who指人，whom作宾语，whose表示所属。 7. 答案：C 解析：先行词既有人（people）又有物（places），关系代词只能用that。 8. 答案：B 解析：先行词被形容词最高级the best修饰，关系代词只能用that。 9. 答案：A 解析：先行词The man指人，关系代词在从句中作spoke to的宾语，用who（口语）或whom/that。I spoke to who中，to后缺宾语，who可以作宾语。 10. 答案：B 解析：介词in前置时，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom（指人）。先行词The house指物，用which。 三、合并句子 1. 答案：The man who lives next door is a doctor. 解析：将第二句变为定语从句修饰man，who在从句中作主语。 2. 答案：I like the book (that/which) you recommended to me. 解析：将第二句变为定语从句修饰book，关系代词作recommended的宾语，可省略。 3. 答案：The girl who/that won the first prize is my classmate. 解析：将第二句变为定语从句修饰girl，关系代词作won的主语。 4. 答案：This is the house (that/which) I grew up in. 解析：将第二句变为定语从句修饰house，关系代词作in的宾语，可省略。介词in后置。 5. 答案：The woman (who/whom/that) you saw just now is my aunt. 解析：将第二句变为定语从句修饰woman，关系代词作saw的宾语，可省略。 6. 答案：The movie (that/which) we watched last night is very interesting. 解析：将第二句变为定语从句修饰movie，关系代词作watched的宾语，可省略。 7. 答案：The boy who/that broke the window is from Beijing. 解析：将第二句变为定语从句修饰boy，关系代词作broke的主语。 8. 答案：This is the pen (that/which) I bought yesterday. 解析：将第二句变为定语从句修饰pen，关系代词作bought的宾语，可省略。 9. 答案：The teacher who/that teaches us English is very kind. 解析：将第二句变为定语从句修饰teacher，关系代词作teaches的主语。 10. 答案：The dog which/that is running after the ball is very cute. 解析：将第二句变为定语从句修饰dog，关系代词作is running的主语。 四、改错 1. 答案：The man who is talking to my father is my uncle. 解析：先行词The man指人，关系代词用who，不用which。 2. 答案：This is the book which/that I bought yesterday. 解析：先行词the book指物，关系代词用which或that，不用who。 3. 答案：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister. 解析：whom只能作宾语，不能作主语。本句中关系代词作主语，应用who。 4. 答案：I like the people who are friendly. 解析：先行词people指人，关系代词用who，不用which。 5. 答案：This is the best movie that I have ever seen. 解析：先行词被形容词最高级the best修饰，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。 6. 答案：The man to whom I spoke is my teacher. 解析：介词to后面必须用whom（指人），不能用who。 7. 答案：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. 解析：关系代词that在从句中作bought的宾语，不能再重复使用it。去掉it。 8. 答案：I have a friend who plays the piano very well. 解析：先行词a friend指人，关系代词用who，不用which。 9. 答案：The woman (who/whom/that) you met yesterday is my aunt. 解析：关系代词在从句中作met的宾语，不能再重复使用her。去掉her。 10. 答案：This is the house (which/that) I lived in ten years ago. 解析：关系代词在从句中作in的宾语，不能再重复使用it。去掉it。 五、句型转换 1. 答案：The man sitting there is my brother. 解析：定语从句who is sitting there可简化为现在分词短语sitting there。 2. 答案：This is the best movie which I have ever seen. （但在正式语法中，最高级后用that更标准，此练习为转换形式） 解析：虽然标准语法中最高级后只能用that，但这是要求用which的转换练习。 3. 答案：I have a friend who can speak three languages. 解析：用who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。 4. 答案：The book (that/which) I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 解析：用that或which引导定语从句，关系代词作borrowed的宾语，可省略。 5. 答案：The woman who is wearing a blue dress is my English teacher. 解析：用who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。 6. 答案：The house in which my grandfather lives was built in 1990. 解析：介词前置结构，用which指代house。 7. 答案：The man to whom you talked just now is from Canada. 解析：介词前置结构，用whom指代man。 8. 答案：This is the school where I studied ten years ago. 或 This is the school (that/which) I studied in ten years ago. 解析：地点用where引导定语从句，或介词in后置用that/which。 9. 答案：I don't know the man who is speaking to my father. 解析：用who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。 10. 答案：The movie (that/which) we watched last night was very boring. 解析：用that或which引导定语从句，关系代词作watched的宾语，可省略。 六、翻译句子 1. 答案：The girl who is singing is my sister. 解析：“正在唱歌”用who is singing作定语从句。 2. 答案：This is the book (that/which) I bought yesterday. 解析：“我昨天买的”用定语从句，关系代词作宾语，可省略。 3. 答案：The man (whom/who/that) you met yesterday is my uncle. 解析：“你昨天见到的”用定语从句，关系代词作met的宾语。 4. 答案：This is the most interesting movie that he has ever seen. 解析：最高级后用that引导定语从句。 5. 答案：I like people who are friendly. 解析：“友好的人”用who are friendly作定语从句。 6. 答案：This is the house (that/which) he used to live in. 解析：“他曾经住过的”用定语从句，介词in可后置。 7. 答案：The man who is talking to my father is my teacher. 解析：“正在和我父亲谈话的”用who is talking to my father作定语从句。 8. 答案：This is the city where I grew up. 解析：“我长大的”用where I grew up作定语从句。 9. 答案：The dog that/which is running after the ball is mine. 解析：“正在追球的”用that/which is running after the ball作定语从句。 10. 答案：The man who helped me is a policeman. 解析：“帮助我的”用who helped me作定语从句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $