内容正文:
专题03 词法
(冠词、代词、介词、形容词副词比较等级、名词考点全解析)
考点序号
考点聚焦
考点一
冠词
考点二
代词
考点三
介词
考点四
形容词&副词(比较级&最高级)
考点五
名词
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脉
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络
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重
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构
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考
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点
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精
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讲
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考点一 冠词
(一)不定冠词 a/an
【知识精讲】
1.含义:泛指 “一个 / 一类”,修饰单数可数名词。
a:辅音音素开头
a book, a university, a European
an:元音音素开头(不是元音字母)
an apple, an hour, an honest boy
2.用法
首次提到单数可数名词(泛指)
I bought a pen yesterday.
表 “一个”,相当于 one
There is a park near my home.
表 “一类人 / 物”
A bird can fly.
3.固定搭配
have a rest, take a walk, in a hurry
注意:1. a/an选择看发音不看字母:an hour /a university
2. 不可数名词前不能用 a/an
【典例破题】
1.They are planning ________ 8-day trip now.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他们现在正在计划一次为期8天的旅行。
考查冠词。此处泛指“一次为期8天的旅行”,eight以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故选B。
2.There is ________ English-Chinese dictionary on the desk.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:桌子上有一本英汉词典。
考查冠词。泛指一本英汉字典,且“English-Chinese”以元音音素开头,空处用不定冠词an。故选B。
【巩固提升】
1.I volunteered as ________ guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.
A.an B.the C.a
【答案】C
【详解】此处泛指“一个导游”,guide以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。
2.There was ________ one-meter-tall robot welcoming me when I went into the bank.
A.an B.a C.the
【答案】B
【详解】根据句意可知,此处泛指“一个一米高的机器人”,one以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。
3.My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful.
A.a; the B.an; the C.不填;不填 D.an;不填
【答案】A
【详解】根据句意可知,第一处泛指一个花园,garden以辅音音素开头,用a;第二处特指花园里的花,用定冠词the。
4.It's reported that it'll be rainy today. Remember to take ________ umbrella with you, Cindy.
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】B
【详解】根据句意可知,此处泛指一把雨伞,umbrella是元音音素开头,应用an。
5.There is ________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it.
A.the B.a C./
【答案】B
【详解】根据句意可知,此处泛指一条河,且river以辅音音素开头,其前加不定冠词a。
6.—What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet?
—Oh, it is really ________ useful one. You can always find ________ information you need while traveling.
A.a; a B.an; an C.a; the D.an; the
【答案】C
【详解】根据句意可知,第一个空泛指一本有用的书,useful以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a;第二个空特指你需要的信息,用定冠词the。
7.DeepSeek is ________ new AI tool.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:DeepSeek是一种新的AI工具。
考查冠词辨析。/零冠词;a一,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the特指。根据“new AI tool”可知,此处泛指一种新的AI工具,且new是辅音音素开头的单词,用a表示泛指,故选B。
8.There was ________ one-meter-tall robot welcoming me when I went into the bank.
A.an B.a C.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我走进银行时,有一个一米高的机器人在欢迎我。
考查冠词。此处泛指“一个一米高的机器人”,one以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故选B。
9.I volunteered as ________ guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.
A.an B.the C.a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:上周末,我自愿在成都博物馆当导游。
考查冠词。此处泛指“一个导游”,guide以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故选C。
10.Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:詹天佑是一名工程师,他被称为“中国铁路之父”。
考查冠词用法。此处表示泛指,engineer以元音音素开头,前面应使用不定冠词an。故选C。
(二)定冠词 the
【知识精讲】
含义:特指 “这个 / 那个 / 这些 / 那些”,可修饰单复数、可数 / 不可数。
必用 the 的八大场景
1.再次提到前文名词(特指)
I bought a pen. The pen is blue.
2.双方都知道的人 / 物
Open the door, please.
3.独一无二事物
the sun, the moon, the earth, the world
4.最高级、序数词、only
the best student, the first day, the only child
5.方位、乐器、姓氏复数(一家人)
in the east, play the piano, the Greens
6.特指的介词短语修饰名词
the water in the cup
7. 江河湖海、山脉、群岛、国家全称
the Yellow River, the Himalayas, the People’s Republic of China
8. 固定搭配
in the morning, on the left, all the time
易错提醒:
1.乐器前用 the;球类 / 棋类不用 the
2. 最高级前必须加 the
【典例破题】
1.—Will you take ________ sweater? It fits you so well.
—Well, I’m thinking whether it’s really necessary or not.
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你要买这件毛衣吗?它很适合你。——嗯,我在考虑它们是否真的有必要。
考查冠词。a一个,修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the表示特指。根据“Will you take … sweater? It fits you so well.”可知,这里特指“这件毛衣”。故选C。
2.—Do you know how to spell ________ word “fish” in English?
—Yes. It begins with an “f”.
A.a B.the C.an D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你知道“鱼”这个单词用英语怎么拼吗?——知道。它以“f”开头。
考查冠词。a是不定冠词,表泛指,后跟辅音音素开头的词;the是定冠词,表特指;an是不定冠词,表泛指,后跟元音音素开头的词;/是零冠词。根据句意可知,此处特指“fish”这个单词,用定冠词the。故选B。
【巩固提升】
1.—Karm, what are you doing?
—I’m reading an article. ________ article is about Dazhou.
A.A B.An. C.The
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——Karm,你正在做什么?——我正在读一篇文章。这篇文章是关于达州的。
考查冠词。A一,后接以辅音音素开头的单词;An一,后接以元音音素开头的单词;The这,定冠词。根据“I’m reading an article”可知,前文已经提到了这篇文章,故后句特指前文提到的同一篇文章,需用定冠词the表示特指。故选C。
2.Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday?
A.an B.the C.a D.不填
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你能把你昨天买的书借给我吗?
考查冠词。根据“book that you bought yesterday”可知此处特指昨天买的书,用定冠词the。故选B。
3.—What________ interesting book!
—Yes, ________book is really amazing.
A.a; an B.an; the C.an; a
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——多有趣的书啊!——是的,这本书真的很棒。
考查冠词。第一空是泛指一本有趣的书,interesting以元音音素开头,应用an;第二空是特指上文提到的那本书,应用定冠词the。故选B。
4.Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history.
A./; the B.a; the C.the; a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:中国首都北京是一个有悠久历史的城市。
考查冠词用法。/零冠词;a不定冠词,表泛指;the定冠词,表特指。根据“capital of China,”可知此处特指中国首都,用定冠词the;第二个空泛指一个城市,用不定冠词a修饰。故选C。
5.My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful.
A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我奶奶有一个花园。里面的花很漂亮。
考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个花园,“garden”首字母发辅音音素,用a;第二处特指花园里的花,用定冠词the。故选A。
6.—What’s ______ matter with you, Jerry?
—I have a headache.
A.a B./ C.the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你怎么了,杰瑞?——我头疼。
考查冠词用法。What’s the matter with sb.?“某人怎么了”,固定搭配。故选C。
7.—Lucy, what club do you want to join?
—I want to join the music club because I can play ___________ violin.
A.an B.a C.the D.不填
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——Lucy,你想加入什么俱乐部?——我想加入音乐俱乐部,因为我会拉小提琴。
考查冠词。an一,用于元音音素开头的单词前;a一,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;the表特指。根据“play”和“violin”可知表示演奏乐器,在乐器名词前应用定冠词the。故选C。
8.Do you know ________ president who is giving a speech?
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你认识正在演讲的总统吗?
考查冠词。根据“president who is giving a speech”可知此处特指正在演讲的总统,用定冠词the。故选C。
9.Hangzhou will hold ________ 19th Asian Games in 2023.
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:杭州将于2023年举办第19届亚运会。
考查冠词。此处是特指第19届亚运会,序数词前需要用定冠词the,故选C。
(三)零冠词(不用冠词)
【知识精讲】
零冠词高频场景
1.复数名词泛指一类
I like books.
2.不可数名词泛指
Water is important.
3.三餐、球类、棋类、学科、语言
have breakfast, play basketball, learn English
4.人名、地名、国名(简称)、街道、公园
Beijing, China, Green Street, Hyde Park
5.节假日、月份、星期
on Monday, in June, celebrate Christmas
6.固定搭配
go to school, by bus, at home, in bed
易错提醒:
1.go to school(上学)≠ go to the school(去那所学校)
2.in hospital(住院)≠ in the hospital(在医院里)
【典例破题】
1.Boys always like PE best because they can play ________ football happily.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】D
【详解】句意:男孩们总是最喜欢体育,因为他们可以愉快地踢足球。
考查冠词。play football“踢足球”,球类的名词前不加冠词。故选D。
2.—Do you want to play _________ basketball with me?
—I’d like to, but we don’t have _________ basketball here.
A./; / B.a; / C./; a D.the; a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你想要和我一起打篮球吗?——我很乐意。但是我们这里没有篮球。
考查冠词。第一个空指的是“打篮球”这项运动,球类运动前零冠词,play basketball“打篮球”。第二个空表示泛指“一个篮球”,且basketball以辅音音素开头,故应用不定冠词a。故选C。
【巩固提升】
1.Mary usually rides ________ bike to school. Sometimes she also goes by ________ bus.
A.a; 不填 B.不填; a C.the; a D.a; a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:玛丽通常骑自行车上学,有时她也乘公交车。
考查冠词。ride a bike“骑自行车”,故第一空填a,表示骑一辆自行车,泛指她的交通工具;by bus“乘坐公交车”,故第二空不填,此处by bus是固定搭配,表示交通方式时不用冠词。故选A。
2.I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我通常在学校和同学们一起吃午饭。
考查冠词。表示一日三餐前不加冠词,have lunch“吃午饭”。故选A。
3.My father likes sports. He is good at playing ________ soccer.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我爸爸喜欢运动。他擅长踢足球。
考查冠词用法。球类运动前不加冠词。故选D。
4.Boys always like PE best because they can play ________ football happily.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】D
【详解】句意:男孩们总是最喜欢体育,因为他们可以愉快地踢足球。
考查冠词。play football“踢足球”,球类的名词前不加冠词。故选D。
5.—Do you want to play _________ basketball with me?
—I’d like to, but we don’t have _________ basketball here.
A./; / B.a; / C./; a D.the; a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你想要和我一起打篮球吗?——我很乐意。但是我们这里没有篮球。
考查冠词。第一个空指的是“打篮球”这项运动,球类运动前零冠词,play basketball“打篮球”。第二个空表示泛指“一个篮球”,且basketball以辅音音素开头,故应用不定冠词a。故选C。
6.—My son seldom has ________ dinner.
—It is ________ unhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it.
A./; an B.the; an C./; a D.the; a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我的儿子很少吃晚饭。——这是一种不健康的习惯。你必须让他改掉它。
考查冠词的用法。an一个,用于修饰以元音音素开头的词,表泛指;a一个,用于修饰以辅音音素开头的词,表泛指;the这个/那个,表特指;/零冠词。第一空为固定短语have dinner“吃晚饭”,不需冠词,排除B和D;第二空为泛指一种不健康的习惯,且unhealthy以元音音素开头,应使用an。故选A。
7.—Mum, can you buy ________ football for me? I want to play ________ football at weekends.
—No problem.
A./; the B.the; a C.a; / D.a; the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——妈妈,你能给我买一个足球吗?我想周末踢足球。——没问题。
考查冠词。根据空后“football”可知,第一个空表示泛指,用不定冠词表示“一个”,“football”是辅音音素开头的单词,所以应用“a”;第二个空表示“踢足球”,球类运动之前不加冠词。故选C。
8.My father takes ________ shower before ________ breakfast every day.
A.a; / B./; the C.a; the D.the; /
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我父亲每天早饭前洗澡。
考查冠词辨析。a一个,表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的词之前;the表特指;/不填。take a shower意为“洗澡”,固定词组,第一个空填a;再由“before…breakfast every day.”可知,此处泛指每天的早餐,当三餐前没有形容词等修饰时,不需要加冠词,因此第二个空不填。故选A。
9.— When do you have ________ history?
— It’s on ________ Friday morning.
A.a; / B.a; the C./ ; the D./ ; /
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你什么时候上历史课?——周五上午。
考查零冠词的用法。have history“上历史课”,学科前不加冠词;Friday morning“周五早晨”为泛指,其前不用冠词,故选D。
10.—Do you like playing ________ football?
—No. I like playing ________ piano.
A.the; the B.the; / C./; the D./; /
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你喜欢踢足球吗?——不。我喜欢弹钢琴。
考查冠词的用法。“play+球类运动”,球类运动前不需要加冠词;“play+乐器”,乐器前需要加定冠词the。故选C。
考点二 代词
(一)人称代词
【知识精讲】
人称代词表
类别
功能
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词
主格
作主语
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
作宾语/表语
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
易错提醒:
1.作表语正式用主格:It is I. 口语常用 It’s me.
2.并列人称顺序:单数二三一(you, he and I);复数一二三(we, you and they)
3.介词后必用宾格:with her, for me
人称代词用法
第一人称可以 / 必须放在前面的情况
1. 承认错误、承担责任时,为了突出 “责任在我”,常把第一人称放在最前面。
I and my brother broke the window.
(是我和我弟弟打碎了窗户。)
2. 长辈 / 上级对晚辈 / 下级说话时,不需要过度客套,可直接先说自己。
We and you will hold a meeting tomorrow.
(我们和你们明天开个会。)
3. 表示对比或强调 “我这边” 时
为了突出对比,先说自己,再提别人。
I support the plan, but he is against it.
(我支持这个计划,但他反对。)
4. 用 “not only…but also…” 等结构时,当第一人称在 “not only” 后,自然会放在前面。
Not only I but also he likes the movie.
(不仅我,他也喜欢这部电影。)
【典例破题】
1.—Andy, who are the girls over there?
—________ are my sisters, Lily and Lucy.
A.They B.We C.You
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——安迪,那边的女孩们是谁?——她们是我的姐妹,莉莉和露西。
考查代词辨析。They她们;We我们;You你们。根据“Andy, who are the girls over there?”可知,询问那边的女孩们是谁,答语应该说“她们是……”,故选A。
【巩固提升】
1.The three heroes returned to the earth from space. We are proud of ________.
A.me B.him C.them
【答案】C
【详解】句意:三位英雄从太空回到地球。 我们为他们感到骄傲。
考查代词辨析。me我;him他;them他们。根据“three heroes”可知,此空应填复数人称代词them,故选C。
2.My dear son, you have taught me to depend on ________ just as you once depended on me.
A.her B.him C.you
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我亲爱的儿子,你教会了我去依靠你,就像你曾经依靠我一样。
考查代词辨析。her她;him他;you你。根据“My dear son”以及“just as you once depended on me”可知,此处要表达的是“依靠你”,所以用“you”。故选C。
3.The next day, Betty asked ________ students, “Would you like to learn how to use your hands to talk to Lisa? ”
A.my B.your C.her
【答案】C
【详解】句意:第二天,贝蒂问她的学生:“你们想学习如何用你们的双手和丽莎交流吗?”
考查形容词性物主代词。my我的;your你的,你们的;her意为她的。根据“Betty asked ... students”可知,贝蒂询问她的学生,her符合语境。故选C。
4.The little messages remind ________ (we) that we can always expect good things to come, even during difficult times.
【答案】us
【详解】句意:这些小留言提醒我们,即使在困难时期,我们也总能期待好事发生。we“我们(主格)”,remind是及物动词,后接人称代词宾格作宾语,us是we的宾格形式,符合语法要求。故填us。
5.When Lin Ming saw Lin Fang, he couldn’t wait to run to her. Jumping with joy, Lin Fang rushed to meet ________ (he).
【答案】him
【详解】句意:当林明看到林芳时,他迫不及待地向她跑去。林芳高兴地跳着,跑过去迎接他。he“他(主格)”,meet是及物动词,后接人称代词宾格作宾语,he的宾格形式是him。故填him。
(二)物主代词
【知识精讲】
物主代词表
类别
功能
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
物主代词
形容词性
作定语
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性
作主语、宾语或表语
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
/
theirs
口诀:形物代,不离名;名物代,独行侠
例句:This is my book. = This book is mine.
物主代词用法
1.形容词性物主代词用作限定词,在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语,不能单独使用。
2.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独作主语、表语或宾语,也可与of连用作后置定语,但不能单独作定语
【典例破题】
1.— Frank, is this your bag?
—No, it’s not ________.
A.mine B.yours C.his
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——弗兰克,这是你的包吗?——不。不是我的。
考查代词辨析。mine我的;yours你的;his他的。根据“is this your bag”和“No”可知,应是说“不是我的包”,故选A。
【巩固提升】
1.This is not Mary’s sister’s smartwatch. ________ (her) is pink.
【答案】Hers
【详解】句意:这不是玛丽的姐姐的智能手表。她的(智能手表)是粉色的。her“她的(形容词性物主代词)”,此处空格后无名词,需用名词性物主代词指代“her smartwatch”,her的名词性物主代词是hers,且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Hers。
2.My favorite teacher is Mr. Zhao. In ________ (he) first class, he asked us to draw a picture of ourselves.
【答案】his
【详解】句意:我最喜欢的老师是赵老师。在他的第一节课上,他让我们画一幅自画像。he“他(主格)”,此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词“first class”,表示“他的第一节课”,he的形容词性物主代词是his。故填his。
3.Mrs. Zhang is my neighbor. Her house is next to ________ (my).
【答案】mine
【详解】句意:张女士是我的邻居,她的房子紧挨着我的(房子)。my“我的”,是形容词性物主代词,此处空格后无名词,需用名词性物主代词指代“my house”,my的名词性物主代词是mine。故填mine。
4.This isn’t my dictionary. ________ (my) is over there, on the desk.
【答案】Mine
【详解】句意:这不是我的字典。我的(字典)在那边,桌子上。my“我的”,是形容词性物主代词,此处空格后无名词,需用名词性物主代词指代“my dictionary”,my的名词性物主代词是mine,且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Mine。
5.My mother works in a toy shop. She loves ________ (she) job.
【答案】her
【详解】句意:我妈妈在一家玩具店工作。她热爱她的工作。根据“job”以及提示词可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词,因此用her“她的”。故填her。
(三)反身代词
【知识精讲】
反身代词表
类别
功能
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
反身代词
作宾语、
表语或
同位语
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
反身代词用法
宾语:enjoy oneself, hurt oneself
同位语(强调):He himself did it.
固定搭配:by oneself(独自)、for oneself(亲自)、help oneself(随便用)
易错提醒:反身代词不能作主语;itself 表 “它自己”(动物 / 事物)
【典例破题】
1.Betty made the toy car ________ (she).
【答案】herself
【详解】句意:贝蒂亲自制作了这个玩具汽车。she意为“她”,是代词;根据“Betty made the toy car …”可知,此处表示亲自制作了玩具汽车,make sth. oneself是固定搭配,意为“亲自制作某物”,所以填入she的反身代词herself。故填herself。
【巩固提升】
一、单项选择
1.Mandy, we can’t do everything for you. You have to depend on ________ now.
A.you B.your C.yourself D.yourselves
【答案】C
【详解】句意:曼迪,我们不能为你做所有事。现在你得依靠你自己了。
考查代词辨析。you你/你们;your你的/你们的;yourself你自己;yourselves你们自己。 “depend on”是动词短语,后接宾语,主语you在此处指代Mandy,对应的反身代词应为yourself。故选C。
2.—Wow, Mr Wu can play the piano very well.
—Yes. He enjoys teaching ________ to play the piano at the weekend.
A.himself B.myself C.ourselves D.herself
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——哇,吴老师钢琴弹得真好。——是的。他喜欢在周末自学弹钢琴。
考查反身代词辨析。himself他自己;myself我自己;ourselves我们自己;herself她自己。根据“He”结合上文“吴老师钢琴弹得很好”可知,此处应表示吴老师自学弹钢琴,即“教他自己”,主语He对应的反身代词为himself。故选A。
3.—Did you enjoy ________ on the beach at the weekend?
—Yes. We had a good time there.
A.you B.yourselves C.your D.yours
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你们周末在海滩上玩得开心吗?——是的。我们在那里玩得很开心。
考查反身代词。you你,你们,人称代词主格或宾格;yourselves你们自己,反身代词;your你的,你们的,形容词性物主代词;yours你的,你们的,名词性物主代词。根据空格前“enjoy”可知,此处考查enjoy oneself “玩得开心”,固定搭配;再根据答句主语“we”可知,问句需用“you”对应的复数反身代词yourselves。故选B。
4.Tom made a chocolate cake ________ last weekend—he didn’t ask his mom for help at all.
A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself
【答案】C
【详解】句意:汤姆上周末自己做了一个巧克力蛋糕——他根本没有向妈妈求助。
考查反身代词辨析。myself我自己;yourself你自己;himself他自己;herself她自己。根据“he didn’t ask his mom for help at all”可知,汤姆没有向妈妈求助,是自己做的蛋糕,主语是Tom,为男性,所以用himself。故选C。
5.I’m not good at maths, but I often say to ________, “Never give up!”
A.herself B.myself C.themselves D.himself
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我数学不好,但我经常对自己说:“永远别放弃!”。
考查反身代词的用法。herself她自己;myself我自己;themselves他们自己;himself他自己。主语是“I”,因此反身代词应使用“myself”与之对应。故选B。
6.We should believe in ________ because that’s the secret of success.
A.our B.us C.ours D.ourselves
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们应该相信我们自己,因为那是成功的秘诀。
考查代词辨析。our我们的,物主代词;us我们,人称代词;ours我们的,物主代词;ourselves我们自己,反身代词。根据“We should believe in...because that’s the secret of success.”可知,此处指“我们”相信“我们自己”就会成功,believe in oneself“相信自己”符合语境。故选D。
7.— Alan, you play basketball so well. Who teaches you?
— Nobody. I learn it by___________.
A.you B.yourself C.me D.myself
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——Alan,你篮球打得真好。谁教你的?——没人。我自学的。
考查代词辨析。you你,人称代词;yourself你自己,反身代词;me我,人称代词;myself我自己,反身代词。根据“you play basketball so well. Who teaches you”和“Nobody”可知,learn by oneself“自学”符合语境,所以此处应用反身代词,而由主语I可知,此处应用I的反身代词myself。故选D。
8.Boys and girls, please answer these questions ________.
A.on yourself B.for yourself C.by yourselves D.with yourselves
【答案】C
【详解】句意:同学们,请自己回答这些问题。
考查反身代词的用法和介词短语搭配。on yourself无此独立短语;for yourself为你自己;by yourselves独自;with yourselves和你们自己。根据“...please answer these questions...”可知,此处是老师要求学生独自回答问题,且主语“Boys and girls”是复数,反身代词需用复数形式yourselves,“by oneself”表示“独自做某事”,固定短语。故选C。
9.The song I believe I can fly tells us that believing in ________ is very important.
A.ourselves B.itself C.themselves D.myself
【答案】A
【详解】句意:歌曲《我相信我能飞》告诉我们,相信我们自己是非常重要的。
考查反身代词辨析。ourselves我们自己;itself它自己;themselves他们自己;myself我自己。根据“The song I believe I can fly tells us that believing in…is very important.”可知,句中“believing in”后需接与逻辑主语“我们”一致的反身代词,强调“相信自己”。故选A。
10.—Who taught you to play the piano?
—Nobody. I learned it ________.
A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——谁教你弹钢琴的?——没人教,我自己学的。
考查反身代词辨析。myself我自己;yourself你自己;himself他自己;herself她自己。根据答语“Nobody. I learned it...”可知,没人教,是自己学的,主语是I,所以反身代词应用myself。故选A。
(四)指示代词
【知识精讲】
用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,表示“这个/那个”,“这些/那些”。可以作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
典型用法
典型示例
it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物
I bought a new pen yesterday. It writes very smoothly.
我昨天买了一支新钢笔。它写起来特别顺滑。
that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词
The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。
those特指上文提到的复数名词
The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。
one泛指上文提到的可数名词,前有定语
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是一个新的。
I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too? 我想买吃苹果,你也要吗?
ones代替泛指的复数名词
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
the one特指上文提到的单数名词
This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。
Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。
the ones特指上文提到的复数名词
Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。
1.this, these 和 that, those 的用法。
① this 和 these 往往指在时间或空间上较近的人或物;that 和 those 往往指在时间或空间上较远的人或物。
② that 与 those 常用来代替上文已提到的名词,以避免重复。that 代替不可数名词或可数名词单数,those 代替可数名词复数。
易错提醒
1.英国人打电话时,用 this 指自己, that 指别人。
Hello! This is Alan. Who is that speaking?this(我),that(你)
2.this 和 that 都可指代上文刚提到的事物或前面整个句子中的内容,两者在意思上没有区别,只是that多用在较正式的文体中。
3.如果要指代接下来将要叙述的事情,通常用this, 用 that 指代下文的情况很少,this 往往带有一定的感情色彩,如讽刺、决心,气愤等。
4.that 和 those 可作定语从句的先行词,those可指人或物,that 只能指物。
2.such的用法。
①作主语:指已经提到的人或物,意为“这种,这类,上述一类,诸如此类”;也可指下文会提到的人或事物
②作定语:such定语常和all, no, any, some, other, another, many, sveeral等词连用,such要在这些词的后面。
③作宾语
④作表语(常与as或that从句连用)
The book is not such that I recommend.
3.so的用法
so起指代作用时,代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情,意思是“如此,这样”,常用作动词的宾语。
① so在think, expect, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等词后代替上文提出的观点,此时so既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句。
I believe so.
I don’t believe so.
② do so 结构:用do so 结构来代替“动词+宾语”结构,以避免重复,表示“那样做”。
4.same的用法。
①the same 指上文提到过的同一个人或事物,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
②the same 和 as 连用,用以引出所谈及的人或事物,或者引出后面的从句。
the same…as…指同类事物,但不是同一个。
the same…that…指同一个。
相同点:as和that都作关系代词,引导定语从句,替代先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。
【典例破题】
1.The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than ________ made in America.
A.ones B.those C.that D.it
【答案】B
【详解】句意:日本制造的汽车比美国制造的便宜得多。
考查不定代词。ones替代表示泛指的复数名词;those那些,替代表示同类事物的复数名词;that那,替代表示同类事物的单数名词;it它,替代上文提到的同名同物。根据“The cars made in Japan”可知,空处是指“美国生产的车”,替代同类事物,且是复数名词,用those。故选B。
【巩固提升】
一、单项选择
1.We find ________ interesting to visit Harbin in winter.
A.that B.this C.it D.one
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们发现冬天游览哈尔滨很有趣。
考查代词用法。find it + adj. + to do sth.“发现做某事是……”,是固定结构,此处“it”作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式“to visit Harbin in winter”。故选C。
2.The weather in Wuhan is much hotter than ________ in Qinhuangdao.
A.it B.that C.this D.those
【答案】B
【详解】句意:武汉的天气比秦皇岛的天气热得多。
考查代词辨析。it指代同名同物;that指代同名异物(单数或不可数名词);this这个;those那些(复数)。此处比较的是武汉和秦皇岛的天气,属于同名异物,且weather是不可数名词,用that指代。故选B。
3.There’re so many books. ________ will take me a long time to read them all.
A.They B.These C.It D.Those
【答案】C
【详解】句意:有这么多书。读完它们要花我很长时间。
考查形式主语的用法。They他/她/它们;These这些;It可作形式主语;Those那些。句子中“will take me a long time to read them all”需要一个形式主语,通常用“it”来作形式主语。故选C。
二、选词填空
those that these one it this
4. is important for you to listen to your teachers carefully in class, because it is the key to understanding the lesson.
5.I like these model cars! When I get my pocket money, I will buy .
6.You should eat healthily and go to bed early. With good habits, you will be stronger.
7.Eye contact means looking into another person’s eyes. is a very important part of body language.
8.When everyone cares for around them in the community, the relationship between neighbors will get better and better.
9.The weather in Beijing is colder than of Guangxi.
【答案】4.It 5.one 6.these 7.This 8.those 9.that
【详解】4.句意:上课认真听老师讲课对你来说很重要,因为这是理解课程的关键。根据“... is important for you to listen to your teachers carefully in class”和备选词可知,此句为形式主语句,其结构为“It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,it意为“它”,符合语义,放句首,首字母大写。故填It。
5.句意:我喜欢这些模型汽车!当我拿到零花钱时,我会买一辆。根据“I will buy ...”和备选词可知,此处表示我会买一辆模型汽车,空处指代前面所提的“model car”中的“一辆”,表示同类不同物,避免重复,one用于泛指其中“一辆”。故填one。
6.句意:你应该吃得健康,早点睡觉。有了这些好习惯,你会更强壮。根据“With ... good habits”和备选词可知,此处只这些习惯,these意为“这些”,用来修饰复数名词habits,指代前面所提的“eat healthily and go to bed early”这些习惯。故填these。
7.句意:眼神交流意为着看着另一个人的眼睛。这是肢体语言非常重要的一部分。根据“... is a very important part of body language”和备选词可知,此处表示这个习惯,this意为“这个”,在这里指代前面提到的“Eye contact”,用于指代单数的、较近的事物或概念,且放句首,首字母大写。故填This。
8.句意:当社区里的每个人都关心他们周围的人时,邻里之间的关系会变得越来越好。根据“When everyone cares for ... around them in the community, the relationship between neighbors will get better and better.”和备选词可知,此处指代的是周围的人,是名词复数,those意为“那些”,用于指代复数的、较远的人或事物,避免重复。故填those。
9.句意:北京的天气比广西的天气更冷。根据“The weather in Beijing is colder than ... of Guangxi.”和备选词可知,空处指代的是weather意为“天气”,是不可数名词,that“那个”,用来指代不可数名词。故填that。
(五)不定代词
【知识精讲】
不明确指代某个人或某些人、某个事物或某些事物的代词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
1.some/any
some:肯定句、委婉请求(Could you give me some...?)
any:否定 / 疑问 / 条件句;肯定句表 “任何”
2.no/every 系列
no one(无人,不接 of)、nothing(无物)、nobody(没人)
everyone/everybody(每人)、everything(一切)
3.all/both/either/neither/none
both(两者都)、either(两者任一)、neither(两者都不)
口诀:两者 both/either/neither;三者 all/none
4.one/ones/another/other/the other/others/the others
one(泛指单数)、ones(泛指复数)
another(另一个,三者及以上)
the other(两者中另一个)、the others(其余全部)
other + 名词复数;others(= other + 名词复数)
【典例破题】
1.Make sure ________ is left behind in the hotel room before you check out.
A.anything B.everything C.nothing D.something
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在你退房前,确保没有东西落在酒店房间里。
考查不定代词辨析。anything任何东西;everything一切;nothing没有东西;something某物。根据“before you check out”可知,退房前要确保没有遗漏物品,因此用nothing表示“没有东西落下”。故选C。
【巩固提升】
1.Animals will get more help, if ________ starts to do something.
A.everyone B.nobody C.anyone
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果每个人都开始做些事,动物们会得到更多帮助。
考查代词辨析。everyone每个人;nobody没有人;anyone任何人。根据“if … starts to do something”可知,此处表示每个人开始做一些事情。故选A。
2.Only Tom was selected for the national team, while ________ remained in the club.
A.other B.another C.others D.the others
【答案】D
【详解】句意:只有汤姆被选入了国家队,而其他人都留在了俱乐部。
考查不定代词辨析。other其他的,后接名词;another另一个,泛指三者或以上中的另一个;others其他人/物,泛指,不接名词;the others其余所有人/物,特指某个范围内剩下的全部。根据前文“Only Tom was selected”可知,除了汤姆之外,俱乐部里剩下的所有人(特指范围内其余的全部)都留了下来,应用the others。故选D。
3.Sarah is a shy girl. She has ________ friends at school and often stays alone.
A.few B.little C.a few D.a little
【答案】A
【详解】句意:萨拉是一个害羞的女孩。她在学校几乎没有朋友,经常独自一人。
考查代词辨析。few几乎没有,修饰可数名词;little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词;a few一些,修饰可数名词;a little一点,修饰不可数名词。句中“friends”为可数名词复数,且根据“shy”和“often stays alone”可知,此处表示“几乎没有朋友”,含否定意义,用few修饰可数名词复数。故选A。
4.My father walked around his car to see if there was ________ wrong.
A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我父亲绕着车走了一圈,看看是否有任何问题。
考查不定代词辨析。anything任何事;nothing没有事;something某事;everything一切。根据“see if there was...wrong”可知,此处是“是否有任何问题”,带有不确定性,在疑问或条件句中通常用anything表示“任何事物”。故选A。
5.I’ve read one comic strip. I’ll read ________ one before class.
A.other B.the other C.another D.others
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我已经读了一本漫画书。我将在课前再读一本。
考查不定代词辨析。other其他的,修饰复数名词;the other另一个,特指两者中的另一个;another另一个,泛指额外的另一个;others其他人或物。根据“I’ve read one comic strip.”可知,已读一本漫画书,课前要读“另一本”,是泛指额外的一本,而非特指两者中的另一个,且“one”为单数,需用“another”修饰。故选C。
6.My grandpa knows ________ about how AI works. It’s just like magic to him.
A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我爷爷对人工智能如何运作一无所知。对他来说,这就像魔法一样。
考查复合不定代词辨析。something某事;anything任何事;everything每件事;nothing没有什么。根据下文“It’s just like magic to him.”可知,爷爷对AI的工作原理完全不了解,只有nothing能表达“完全不懂”的意思,与“像魔法一样”的语境完全吻合。故选D。
考点三 介词
【知识精讲】
常考介词
1.表示时间的介词
介词
用法
at
表示时间的点、时刻等。
at breakfast,at six,at noon
on
表示具体的某一天或某天上午、下午或晚上。
on Sunday,on Tuesday morning,on Christmas Eve,on Children’s Day,on a rainy night
in
表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、季、月、周等。
in the 1990s,in January,in spring,in the first week of May
since+时间点
表示“自从……以来”。
The factory has been here since the 1970s.
for+时间段
表示“长达……”。
We were friends and colleagues for more than 20 years.
during
表示“在……期间”。
There are extra trains to that place during the summer.
until/till
表示“直到……”。
He didn’t get up till/until 10 am,which made his mother annoyed.
by
表示“到……为止;不迟于……”。
By the time you came back,I had finished this book.
2.表示方位的介词
介词
用法
at
后常接较小的地方
in
后常接较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内
on
表示“在……之上”,强调与表面相接触(反义词beneath)
across
表示“从……的表面穿过”;“在……对面”
through
表示“从……的内部穿过”
over
表示“从……的上面跨过”,强调垂直上方,悬空(反义词under)
above
表示物体离开表面而在其上方,但不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过,多于,大于”(反义词below)
3.表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料时,with,by,in都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官等;by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具等;in指使用某种语言、笔墨等。
by post/mail邮寄 by train 乘火车
in English 用英语
4.表示“除……之外”的介词
介词
用法
besides
意为“除……以外(还有)”,相当于in addition to
except
意为“除……以外(别无)”,可接名词、代词、介词短语等
but
意为“除……以外”,常用于含有否定词的句子中,相当于except
apart from
既可相当于besides或in addition to,也可相当于except (for)
other than
意为“除……以外(别无)”,可接名词、代词等
5.其他常考的介词
介词
用法
against
意为“违背,反对;倚靠;以……为背景,衬托”
She leaned against the wall.
beyond
意为“(范围、限度)超出,为……所不能及”
This was utterly beyond her comprehension.
by
意为“程度或数目增减的幅度;按……计算”
The average salary indeed increases by 10%.
despite
意为“尽管”
Despite his lack of experience,he got the job.
二、介词的省略
1.当表示时间的词前有this,that,next,last,every,each,some,any,all等时,介词常省略。
We watched an exciting football match last week.上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
You are warmly invited to our home any day you like;please consider it your own and drop by at your absolute convenience.我们诚挚地欢迎您在任意一天光临寒舍,请将这里当作您自己的家,在您最方便的时刻随时来访。
2.表示时间的名词前有不定冠词,且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时,其前不用介词。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
每天一个苹果,医生远离我。
3.习惯搭配中介词的省略。
一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略,常见的此类搭配有spend some time (in) doing sth,waste some time (in) doing sth,have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth,be busy (in) doing sth,stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。
Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty (in) waking him up.弗兰克坚持说自己没有睡觉,虽然我叫醒他费了好大劲。
三、介词不可省略的问题
1.在被动语态中,动词短语中的介词不能省略。
The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten.
这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。
2.当非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to.
这个问题很值得关注。
3.在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时,必须加上介词。
The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.
我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。
四、介词构成的搭配
1.介词与动词构成的搭配
call for需要,要求
apply for申请
refer to提及,参考
contribute to贡献,有助于,促成
focus on集中于
feel like想要
hold up举起
exchange...for...用……来交换……
cope with处理,对付
2.介词与名词构成的搭配
at a loss不知所措
at the cost of以……的代价
on behalf of代表
with fear害怕地
by accident/chance偶然地
in charge of掌管……
in return作为回报
in detail详细地
in spite of尽管
in exchange for作为交换
in favor of支持,赞成
in honour of为向……表示敬意
in possession of拥有,有,
in memory of为了纪念……
3.介词与形容词构成的搭配
be curious about对……好奇
be particular about对……讲究/挑剔
be absorbed in专注于……
be engaged/occupied in忙于……
be fit for适合,胜任……
be grateful to/for对……心存感激
be aware of意识到……
be fond of喜欢……
be ashamed of为……感到羞愧
be patient with对……有耐心
be qualified for 胜任……
4.介词与其他词构成的搭配
but for要不是
instead of代替
regardless of不管,不顾
along with随着
according to根据
owing to因为
【典例破题】
1.I often help my parents look ________ my two little brothers in my spare time.
【答案】after
【详解】句意:我经常在空闲时间帮助父母照顾我的两个小弟弟。根据“help my parents look ... my two little brothers”可知,此处表示帮助父母照顾两个小弟弟,“照顾”为固定短语“look after”。故填after。
2.The Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded ________ July 1, 1921.
【答案】on
【详解】句意:中国共产党成立于1921年7月1日。根据“July 1, 1921”可知,此处后接的是具体的日期。表示“在具体某一天”时,用介词on。故填on。
【巩固提升】
一、单词拼写
1.There is a special jug (罐) on our kitchen table. I put some small pieces of paper and a pen next ________ the jug.
【答案】to
【详解】句意:我们的厨房桌子上有一个特别的罐子。我把一些小纸片和一支笔放在罐子旁边。根据“next”和“the jug”可知,此处表示在罐子旁边。next to“在……旁边”。故填to。
2.Our “Good Things Jug” is full ________ love, hope and happiness.
【答案】of
【详解】句意:我们的“美好事物罐”里装满了爱、希望与幸福。根据“is full”和“love, hope and happiness”可知,此处表示装满了爱、希望与幸福,be full of“充满……”。故填of。
3.Every morning after breakfast, I take our dog Ruby ________ the park.
【答案】to
【详解】句意:每天早上早餐后,我会带我们的狗鲁比去公园。根据“take our dog Ruby”和“the park”可知,此处表示带狗去公园,“take sb./sth. to + 地点”表示“带某人/某物去某地”,to表示动作的方向。故填to。
4.Last Sunday, Lucy helped our dad cut the grass. ________ the same time, my mom and I went shopping.
【答案】At
【详解】句意:上周日,露西帮爸爸割草。同时,妈妈和我去购物了。“at the same time”是固定短语,意为“同时”,句首首字母大写。故填At。
5.Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start ________ ten minutes.
【答案】in
【详解】句意:快点,南希!会议将在10分钟后开始。根据“The meeting will start ... ten minutes.”可知,此处是“in+一段时间”表示“在……以后”,常用于一般将来时。故填in。
6.One day, Mrs. Lin picked up Lin Ming and then they went to Lin Fang’s school together. Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited ________ his sister.
【答案】for
【详解】句意:一天,林太太接了林明,然后他们一起去了林芳的学校。林明站在校门口等他的姐姐。“wait for”是固定搭配,意为“等待”。故填for。
7.Many thanks ________ your gift. I love it.
【答案】for
【详解】句意:非常感谢您的礼物。我很喜欢它。根据“Many thanks ... your gift.”可知,此处表示非常感谢您的礼物。“thanks for sth.”的意思是“因什么而感谢”。故填for。
8.Mr. Zhao shows us how to learn ________ our mistakes.
【答案】from
【详解】句意:赵老师向我们展示如何从错误中学习。根据“learn”和“our mistakes”可知,此处表从错误中学习,learn from“从……中学习”。故填from。
9.Mrs. Zhang often says hello ________ me from her front garden when I come back home.
【答案】to
【详解】句意:当我回到家时,张太太经常从她的前花园里向我问好。根据“says hello”和“me”可知,此处表示向我问好,say hello to sb.“向某人问好”。故填to。
10.I eat rice ________ beef and potatoes. It’s delicious.
【答案】with
【详解】句意:我吃米饭配牛肉和土豆,味道很好。根据“eat rice”和“beef and potatoes”可知,此处表达“米饭与牛肉、土豆一起食用”,with“伴随,和……一起”。故填with。
考点四 形容词&副词(比较级和最高级)
【知识精讲】
构词(形容词/副词变比较级和最高级)
⑴ 规则变化:
① 形容词/副词变比较级一般在词尾加-er,变最高级加-est
例:hard-harder-hardest, great-greater- greatest
② 形容词/副词以不发音-e结尾,变比较级加-r,变最高级加-st
例:nice-nicer-nicest,wide-wider-widest
③ 形容词/副词以重读闭音节结尾,双写尾字母加-er,双写尾字母加-est
例:大(big)胖(fat)瘦(thin)热(hot)湿(wet)伤心(sad)
④ 在双音节/多音节形容词/副词前,变比较级加more,变最高级加most
例:difficult - more difficult - most difficult
拓展:
① 有少数几个双音节词以及以-er及-le结尾的词,可以有两种变化形式
例:common - commoner/ more common - commonest/ most common
clever - cleverer/ more clever - cleverest/ most clever
simple - simpler/ most simple - simplest/ most simple
②“劣等”比较,是在形容词原级前加less,least而构词比较级与最高级
例:kind - less kind - least kind useful - less useful - least useful
③ 复合形容词的比较等级
例:well-known - better well-known - best well-known
④ 有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,故没有比较级和最高级,如right,wrong,excellent,final,last,possible,east,empty,wooden,impossible,perfect,favorite等
⑤ 以下形容词构词的短语含有比较意味:
例:be superior to 优于……(类似于be better than)
be inferior to 比……差(类似于be worse than)
⑵ 不规则变化:
good/well - better -best(好)
bad/badly/ill - worse - worst(坏)
little - less - least(少)
much/many - more - most(多)
far - farther(具体)- farthest(具体)(远)
far - further(抽象)- furthest(抽象)
old - older(年龄大)- oldest(年龄大)(老)
old - elder(血缘关系)- eldest(血缘关系)
区分
① older,oldest表示年纪更大的;年代更久远的,既可指人也可指物,可作定语又可作表语。elder,eldest指家庭成员的长幼关系,常作定语。
② farther,farthest表示距离上更远、最远;further,furthest表示程度上更近一步、最大程度,有时也可以表示距离上较远、最远。此外,further用作副词时,还可以表示“而且,此外”。
等级比较
⑴ 原级用法
① 只能修饰原级的词:very、quite、so、too
例:He is too tired to walk on.
② 用原级的句式
肯定句:“as + 形容词/副词原级 + as”表示“和…一样”
否定句:“not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as”表示“不如…”
例:This tree is as tall as that one. This tree isn’t as/so tall as that one.
注1:
若第一个as后形容词作定语修饰名词时,常用结构如下:
as + adj. + a/ an + 可数名词单数 + as
as + adj. + 不可数名词 + as
as + many + 可数名词复数 + as;as much + 不可数名词 + as
as much ( + a/ an ) + 名词 + as
注2:
“as…as”结构中,第一个as是副词,用在形容词和副词的原级前;第二个as是连词,连接与前面句子结构相同的句子(相同部分常省略)
例:He is as tall as his brother.
注3:
在as和than引导的比较状语从句中,由于句式同前面主句相同,为避免重复,常把主句中出现的动词用do的适当形式代替
例:John speaks German as fluently as Mary does.
拓展
同级比较的结构有时有一些习惯用语,如:
短语
同级比较含义
习惯用语含义
as long as
和……一样长
只要……
as soon as
和……一样快/早
一……就……
as well as
和……一样好
既……,又……
as good as
和……一样好
(= very nearly)几乎
as far as
和……一样远
就……而言
③ 倍数表达
“A + 动词+ 倍数 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + B”
例:Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.
⑵ 比较级用法
① 修饰比较级的词:much、a lot、far、a little、a bit、even、rather、still、by far、any(否定/疑问句)a great deal等
注:by far 修饰比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面;如果比较级前有定冠词the,则by far 位于the前
② 比较级 + than……
例:He is older than me.
③“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”“越…,越…”
例:The more,the better.
注:其中前面的句子是状语从句,后面是主句。主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时;若主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来
④“A + be + the + 形容词比较级 + of the two + 名词”
例:Look at the two boys. Tom is the taller of the two.
⑤“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越…”
例:He is getting taller and taller.
⑥ 在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择:
“特殊疑问词 + be +形容词比较级,A or B?”
例:Which is bigger, the earth or the moon?
“特殊疑问词 + 实意动词 + 副词比较级,A or B?”
例:Who draws better,Jenny or Danny?
⑦ 倍数表达
“A + 动词 + 倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than + B”
例:Our classroom is twice larger than theirs.
⑧ 特殊用法
比较级有时可单独使用,其比较的对象含于句中
例:Be more careful next time.
“no more than”表示“只不过,仅仅”= only
“not more than”表示“不多于”
“no less than”表示“多达”= as much/ many as
“not less than”表示“至少”= at least
⑨ 含比较级的习语
more or less
sooner or later
much less = still less
more than once (= often)
more than (= over),(= very),(= not only)
so much the better/ worse
拓展
用介词by接变化的程度;to则接变化的结果
例:She is taller than I by three inches.= She is three inches taller than I.
区分:
many more,much more
many more只能修饰可数名词复数
much more既可修饰不可数名词,也可构词比较级
⑶ 最高级用法
① 修饰最高级的词:序数词、much、by far、nearly、almost等
② the + 形容词/副词最高级 + of + 同类事物(副词最高级前the可省)
例:Of all the subjects, I like English best.
③ the + 形容词/副词最高级 + in +地域范围(副词最高级前the可省)
例:Jack is the tallest student in the class.
④ the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 +(that)I have ever seen/known
例:You are the tallest man I have ever known.
⑤“one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数 + 三单” 表示 “最…的…之一…”
例:One of the tallest players in China is Li Ming.
⑥ 含最高级的习语
at the latest
at (the) most/ least
do one’s best
for the most part
make the most of
not in the least
拓展:比较级表示最高级含义
“否定词 + 比较级”表示最高级
例:Nothing could be better.
比较级表示最高级含义的句式
比较级 + than + any other + 可数名词单数
例:He left earlier than any other student in the class.
比较级 + than + (all) the other + 可数名词复数
例:He left earlier than all the other students in the class.
比较级 + than + anything/ anyone +else
例:He left earlier than anyone else in the class.
比较级 + than + any of the other + 可数名词单数(不同范围)
例:He left earlier than any of the other students in the class.
比较级 + than + the rest of + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词
例:He left earlier than the rest of students in the class.
【典例破题】
1.—Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River?
—The Yangtze River. It is the third ________ river in the world.
A.longer; long B.longest; long C.longest; longer D.longer; longest
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——长江和黄河哪条河更长?——长江。它是世界上第三长的河流。
考查形容词的比较级和最高级。根据“the Yangtze River or the Yellow River?”可知,第一空是比较两条河,填比较级longer;根据“It is the third…river in the world.”可知,此处应该填最高级longest。故选D。
【巩固提升】
一、单项选择
1.—What do you think of Kunming No. 10 Middle School?
—I think it is ________ than any other school, and the teachers work as ________ as bees.
A.beautiful; hard B.more beautiful; harder
C.beautiful; harder D.more beautiful; hard
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你觉得昆明第十中学怎么样?——我认为它比其他任何学校都漂亮,而且老师们像蜜蜂一样努力工作。
考查比较级以及副词原级。根据“than”可知,第一空应填比较级more beautiful;as…as中间接形容词或副词原级,第二空修饰动词“work”,应填副词原级hard。故选D。
2.No clothes are ________ than those in Dream Clothes. The clothes there are ________ in our town.
A.bad; bad B.the worst; worse
C.worst; worse D.worse; the worst
【答案】D
【详解】句意:没有衣服比Dream Clothes店的衣服更差。那里的衣服在我们镇上是最差的。
考查形容词比较级和最高级。bad形容词原形;worse比较级;the worst最高级。第一空前有“than”,表示比较,需用比较级“worse”;第二空后有“in our town”,表示范围,需用最高级“the worst”。故选D。
3.I have no idea how to organize the event with ________ money and ________ people.
A.less; fewer B.fewer; less C.fewer; more D.more; less
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我不知道如何用更少的钱和更少的人来组织这个活动。
考查比较级用法。less更少的,修饰不可数名词;fewer更少的,修饰可数名词复数; more更多的。根据“I have no idea how to organize”可知,此处暗示资源有限,因此两个空都选表示更少的比较级。money为不可数名词,需用less修饰;people为可数名词复数,需用fewer修饰。故选A。
4.There is ________ space for wildlife. As a result, there will be ________ rare birds in the world.
A.fewer and fewer; less and less B.less and less; fewer and fewer
C.more and more; less and less D.fewer and fewer; more and more
【答案】B
【详解】句意:野生动物的空间越来越少。结果,世界上稀有鸟类将会越来越少。
考查形容词比较级辨析。fewer and fewer越来越少,修饰可数名词复数;less and less越来越少;more and more越来越多,可修饰可数或不可数名词。根据“There is…space for wildlife. As a result, there will be…rare birds in the world.”的语境以及常识可知,此处指野生动物的空间越来越少,世界上稀有鸟类将会越来越少,根据“space(空间)”是不可数名词,第一空需用“less and less”;“rare birds”为可数名词复数,故用“fewer and fewer”,B项符合。故选B。
5.—________ you practise, ________ mistakes you will make.
—Yes. Practice makes perfect.
A.The more; the more B.Less; fewer
C.The more; less D.The more; the fewer
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你练习得越多,你犯的错误就会越少。——是的。熟能生巧。
考查形容词比较级。固定句型“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”;根据句子语境和“Practice makes perfect”的含义,可知练习越多,错误应该越少,所以第一空用“The more”;“mistakes”是可数名词复数,用“fewer”修饰,“less”修饰不可数名词,所以第二空用“the fewer”。故选D。
6.Our teacher always tells us ________we are, ________ we will be.
A.the most hard-working; the luckiest B.the hard-working; the lucky
C.the more hard-working; the luckier D.more hard-working; luckier
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们的老师总是告诉我们,我们越努力,我们就会越幸运。
考查“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构根据语境和语法结构可知,此处表示“越努力,就会越幸运”,应用“the+比较级,the+比较级”的结构。故选C。
7.Mary’s hair is longer than ________ in her class.
A.any other student B.the other students C.any other student’s D.the other student’s
【答案】C
【详解】句意:玛丽的头发比她班上其他任何学生的头发长。
考查所有格在比较级中的用法。any other student其他任何一个学生;the other students其余的学生们;any other student’s其他任何一个学生的(所有格形式,此处指代“头发”);the other student’s另一个学生的(单数所有格形式,the other常隐含 “两者中的另一个”的含义)。根据“Mary’s hair is longer than...”可知,句子比较的是头发长度,所以此处需使用所有格形式指代“其他学生的头发”。故选C。
8.Shanghai is larger than ________ in China and ________ in Jiangsu Province.
A.any of the other cities; any city B.other cities; the other cities
C.the other cities; any other city D.any other city; other cities
【答案】A
【详解】句意:上海比中国其他任何城市都大,也比江苏省的任何城市都大。
考查比较级的用法。表示“同一范围”比较,用“any other+单数名词”,“the other+复数名词”,“any of the other+复数名词”;表示“不同范围”比较,用“any+单数名词”。此题中上海属于中国,所以是“同一范围”,用“any of the other cities”或者“the other cities”都可以;而上海不属于江苏省,所以是“不同范围”,只能用“any city”。故选A。
9.—What do you think of the songs by Taylor Swift?
—Beautiful, and she is my favourite singer. No one has a ________ voice.
A.good B.better C.bad D.worse
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你觉得泰勒·斯威夫特的歌怎么样?——很美,而且她是我最喜欢的歌手。没有人的嗓音比她更好。
考查形容词比较级。good好的;better更好的;bad差的;worse更差的。根据语境,说话人非常喜欢泰勒·斯威夫特,认为她的嗓音是最好的,因此用比较级表达最高级的含义,“No one has a better voice”意为“没有人的嗓音比她更好”。故选B。
10.—What do you think of the film Unit 731?
—Amazing! You can’t find a ________ one during this National Day holiday.
A.popular B.more popular C.less popular D.most popular
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你觉得电影《黑太阳731》怎么样?——太棒了!在这个国庆假期你找不到比它更受欢迎的了。
本题考查形容词比较级的特殊用法。popular受欢迎的;more popular更受欢迎的;less popular不太受欢迎的;most popular最受欢迎的。根据“Amazing”可知,此处是对该电影进行肯定,“can’t + 比较级”表示最高级含义,此处表达这部电影是国庆假期最受欢迎的,用“more popular”符合语法和语境。故选B。
考点五 名词
【知识精讲】
名词的分类
1. 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词称为名词。名词可以分为普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是一类人或东西,或是一个抽象概念的名词。专有名词是某个/些人、地方、机构等专有的名称。
易错提醒
1.单数可数名词不能单独使用,要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用,否则就用复数形式表示复数含
2.不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与不定冠词连用。advice、information、progress为北京高考高频不可数名词。
3. 物质名词前有定语修饰时,前面要使用冠词。
4. 专有名词前一般不加冠词,但由普通名词构成的专有名词(如 the Great Wall)需加 the。
名词的数
规则变化
语法填空必考复数变形,以 s/es、变 y 为 i 加 es、f/fe 变 v 加 es 为主。
可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
口诀
1. 改-f或-fe为v, 再加-es:
口诀:小偷(thief)妻子(wife)切面包,半片树叶(leaf)当作刀(knife),狼(wolf)保己命架(shelf)后藏
2. 以f结尾的名词,直接加-s
口诀:海湾(gulf)边、屋顶(roof)上,首领(chief)奴仆(serf)两相望,谁说他们无信仰(belief),证据(proof)写在手帕(handkerchief)上。
3. 这些以o结尾的名词复数加es,其他加-s:
口诀:黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)坐在火山上(volcano)吃着土豆(potato)西红柿(tomato)
4. 辅音 + y 变 ies:城市(city)国家(country),婴儿(baby)变复数,y 变 i 后加 es。
不规则变化
1.可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
变化
示例
单复数同形
deer, fish, sheep, means, series, aircraft, spacecraft, species
Chinese,the United States,Swiss,physics,politics,maths,
变内部元音
goose-geese,tooth-teeth, foot-feet, man-men, woman-women;mouse-mice
-on/ium变-a
phenomenon-phenomena现象,criterion-criteria标准
词尾加-(r)en
child---children孩子; ox-oxen公牛
词尾-um变成-a
datum-data数据;medium-media媒体;
2.只有复数形式的名词: 由两个相同的部分构成的一个物体的名词
scissors 剪刀
compasses 圆规
glasses 眼镜
earphones耳机
trousers裤子
gloves手套
易错提醒
❌ 裤子,眼镜等用单数
✅ two pairs of trousers“两条裤子”;a pair of glasses“一副眼镜”
3.以-ing形式结尾的名词
belongings所属物
savings节省下来的东西
findings研究发现
earnings挣来的钱
surroundings周围的环境
sufferings受难
4.合成名词的复数形式
合成名词的复数,在主体名词后加-s
passer-by→passers-by过路人, looker-on→lookers-on旁观者
合成名词的复数,无主名词在词尾加-s
grown-up→grown-ups成人, go-between→go-betweens媒介,中间人
注意:1.German—Germans德国人, Roman---Romans罗马人,human---humans人类。
不可数名词
1. 常考不可数名词
①抽象类名词(表示状态、情感、品质等)
advice建议:a piece of advice一条建议
information信息:some information一些信息
knowledge知识:knowledge of history历史知识
happiness幸福:the happiness of children孩子们的幸福
courage勇气:show courage in danger在危险中展现勇气
success成功:achieve great success取得巨大成功
failure失败:experience failure经历失败
progress进步:make progress in study在学习上进步
②物质类名词表示无法分割的物质或材料
water水:a glass of water一杯水
milk牛奶:a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶
meat肉:some meat一些肉
butter黄油:a spoon of butter一勺黄油
wood木头:a piece of wood一块木头
③自然现象名词
weather天气:good weather好天气
snow雪:heavy snow大雪
rain雨:light rain小雨
wind风:strong wind大风
fog雾:thick fog浓雾
④总称类名词
clothing(服装):a piece of clothing(一件衣服)
furniture(家具):a set of furniture(一套家具)
equipment(设备):advanced equipment(先进设备)
luggage/baggage(行李):heavy luggage(沉重的行李)
jewelry/jewellery(珠宝):expensive jewelry(昂贵的珠宝)
⑤不可数名词的量
a piece of advice/news;two pieces of information
易错提醒
✅ 不可数名词没有复数形式。
✅ 不可数名词前面不能有不定冠词a或an。
✅ fish指鱼的种类时,加-es; 指鱼的条数时,单复数相同;指鱼肉时,为不可数名词。
✅ work(工作,不可数)→works(作品,可数);paper(纸,不可数)→papers(试卷 / 文件,可数)
2. 表示具体的一个人或特定的某一件事东西时,可以将抽象名词可作为可数名词,可以与a/an连用,常见的这类词有:
例词
抽象意义
具体化意义
例词
抽象意义
具体化意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
beauty
美;美丽
美丽的人或事
comfort
安慰;慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
danger
危险
危险的人或事物
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shock
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情
物质名词的复数现象
arm胳膊--arms武器
grass草--grasses草原
paper纸--papers论文,试卷
wood木头--woods树林
cloth布--clothes衣服
iron铁--irons熨斗
water水--waters水域
time时间--times时代;次数
wind--winds风向;季风
rain雨--rains雨季
line线路--lines台词
fruit水果--fruits多种水果
名词的格
知识点1 -'s 所有格
1.所有格的意义:表示有生命的人或物的所有关系,译为“…”的
2.所有格的变法:
单数名词:直接加 -'s → Tom→Tom's汤姆的;Beijing→Beijing's 北京的
复数名词:
以 s 结尾:加 -' → students→students'学生们的;parents→parents'父母们的
不规则复数:加 -'s → children→children's孩子们的;people→people's人们的
特殊用法:
时间 / 距离:today's news今天的新闻;ten minutes' walk十分钟的路程
共同所有在最后一个人后面加’s:Tom and Jerry's house汤姆和杰瑞的房子(共有的房子)
各自所有在每个名词后加’s:Tom's and Jerry's houses汤姆和杰瑞的房子(各自的房子)
知识点 2 of 所有格
1.所有格的意义:无生命的名词常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或定语修饰的有生命的名词用of所有格。
2.所有格的变法:
无生命名词:the door of the room屋子的门;the name of the book书的名字
有生命名词(较长定语):the name of the little girl in red穿红衣服的小女孩的名字
知识点 3 双重所有格
1.所有格的意义:双重所有格是所有格的叠用, -'s 所有格和of 所有格这两种所有格形式放在一起,即"名词+of+名词所有格"或"名词+of+名词性物主代词"。
2.所有格的变法:
结构:a/an + 名词 + of + 名词所有格 → a friend of my father's我爸爸的一个朋友;a picture of Li Ming's小明的一幅画;the plan of hers她的那个计划
名词的后缀
知识点1 动词→名词
-tion/-ation:act→action;discuss→discussion;organize→organization
-ment:develop→development;agree→agreement;manage→management
-er/or:work→worker;visit→visitor;act→actor
-ing:begin→beginning;read→reading
知识点2 形容词→名词
-ness:happy→happiness;kind→kindness;sick→sickness
-th:true→truth;warm→warmth;long→length
-y:difficult→difficulty;honest→honesty
ity:electric→electricity;equal→equality
-ce: important→importance; silent→silence
【典例破题】
1.No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day.
【答案】activities
【解析】考查名词的数。句意:无论你喜欢做什么,有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
2.Of all my Sports Day ___11___ (memory), the most touching unfolded that evening.
【答案】memories
【解析】考查名词的数。句意:在我所有的运动会回忆中,最令人心动的那一幕发生在那天晚上。空前有all,空格处用复数。故填memories。
【巩固提升】
一、单词拼写
1.Many good things happen in a year. At the end of the year, we get together to empty the “Good Things Jug”. We take ________ (turn) to read the “Good Things” aloud.
【答案】turns
【详解】句意:一年中发生很多好事。年末时,我们聚在一起清空“好事罐”,轮流大声读出里面的“好事”。turn“依次轮到的机会”,“take turns”,固定动词短语,意为“轮流,依次”,“轮流”这个行为涉及多人多次的转换,所以用turn的复数turns。故填turns。
2.Over the past twelve ________ (month), there have been many difficult things in our family.
【答案】months
【详解】句意:在过去的十二个月里,我们家里发生了很多困难的事情。month“月份”,可数名词,数词twelve后接可数名词的复数形式,month的复数形式是months。故填months。
3.It is fun to do housework! My sister Lucy and I always help with different ________ (job) at home.
【答案】jobs
【详解】句意:做家务很有趣!我和妹妹露西在家总是帮忙做不同的工作。job“工作”,是可数名词,different后接可数名词复数形式,job的复数是jobs。故填jobs。
4.Lucy is setting the table. And after dinner she will do the dishes. She thinks it is a ________ (please) to make a little change.
【答案】pleasure
【详解】句意:露西正在摆餐具,晚饭后她会洗碗。她认为做一点小小的改变是一件令人愉快的事。根据冠词“a”,此处需要一个名词。please为动词,表示“使愉快”,应变为名词pleasure,表示“愉快的事”。
5.The Lin family has a son and a daughter, Lin Ming and Lin Fang. They study in different ________ (school).
【答案】schools
【详解】句意:林家有一个儿子和一个女儿,林明和林芳。他们在不同的学校上学。school名词“学校”,根据“different”的用法可知,其后加可数名词的复数形式,school的复数是schools。故填schools。
6.Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited for his sister. Several minutes later, many ________ (child) walked out in a line.
【答案】children
【详解】句意:李明站在学校门口等他妹妹。几分钟后,许多孩子排着队走了出来。child“孩子”,可数名词, many后接可数名词的复数形式,child的复数形式为children。故填children。
二、选词填空
minute woman father child teacher
7. Day is on June 1st, and it’s a special day filled with joy and laughter for kids.
8.The offices are on the second floor.
9.Look at the photo. The man in the blue coat is my brother.
10.It is about ten walk from my home to the library.
11.The store offers different kinds of shoes and handbags.
【答案】7.Children’s 8.teachers’ 9.father’s 10.minutes’ 11.women’s
【详解】7.句意:儿童节在6月1日,对孩子们来说,这是充满欢乐与笑声的特殊日子。根据“... Day is on June 1st”和备选词可知,儿童节在6月1日。可数名词child“儿童”符合语境,这是所有儿童的节日,应用名词复数的所有格形式,句首首字母大写。故填Children’s。
8.句意:老师们的办公室在二楼。根据“... offices are on the second floor”和备选词可知,老师们的办公室在二楼。可数名词teacher“老师”符合语境,但此处应是“老师们的”,用teacher的复数的所有格形式。故填teachers’。
9.句意:看这张照片,穿蓝色外套的男人是我爸爸的弟弟。根据“The man in the blue coat is my ... brother”可知,此处应填一个表示男性的形容词。结合备选词,father“爸爸”符合语境,my后用单数名词所有格。故填father’s。
10.句意:从我家步行到图书馆大约需要10分钟。根据“ten ... walk”可知,此处需要一个表示时间的形容词。结合备选词,minute“分钟”符合语境,ten后用名词复数的所有格修饰walk。故填minutes’。
11.句意:这家店售卖各种女士鞋和手提包。根据“... shoes and handbags”可知,此处表示女性的鞋和手提包。可数名词woman“女士”符合语境,主语是The store,商店里提供多个女性的鞋包,故此处应用复数名词的所有格。故填women’s。
一、单项选择
1.Nancy’s grandfather is ______ 85-year-old man, but he can still play ______ table tennis now.
A.a, a B.a, the C.an, / D.an, the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:南希的爷爷已经85岁了,但他现在还会打乒乓球。
考查冠词辨析。a一,后接以辅音音素开头的单词;an一,后接以元音音素开头的单词;the这,定冠词;/零冠词。根据“Nancy’s grandfather is...85-year-old man”可知,南希的爷爷是一名85岁的男性,第一空表泛指,且85的英语表达以元音音素开头,故第一空应用an。根据“play...table tennis”可知,球类前不加冠词,即应用零冠词。故选C。
2.—Could you tell me something about Switzerland?
—Oh, it is ________ European country with a beautiful environment.
A.an B.a C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我一些关于瑞士的事吗?——哦,这是一个环境优美的欧洲国家。
考查冠词辨析。an一个,不定冠词,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;a一个,不定冠词,表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;the这个,定冠词,表特指;/零冠词,用于固定用法中。根据“ it is…European country with a beautiful environment.”可知,空处指的是泛指一个欧洲国家,应用不定冠词,又因为European是以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。故选B。
3.— Have you heard of ________ film Yolo《热辣滚烫》?
— Of course, it has been a hot topic since it was first shown on 10th February, 2024.
A.the B.a C.an D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——听说过电影《热辣滚烫》吗?——当然,自2024年2月10日首次亮相以来,它一直是一个热门话题。
考查冠词辨析。根据“film Yolo”可知,此处特指《热辣滚烫》这部电影,需要定冠词,故选A。
4.The opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games was held ______ September 23rd 2023.
A.in B.on C.to D.at
【答案】B
【详解】句意:第19届亚运会开幕式于2023年9月23日举行。
考查介词辨析。in后常接时间段,如年份、月份、四季等;on后接具体某天;to朝着;at后常接时间点。根据“September 23rd 2023”可知,此处表示具体某天,故应用on。故选B。
5.—The Two Sessions was held in Beijing ________ the afternoon of March 4, 2024.
—Yes. And the global community has once again turned its attention to the event.
A.in B.at C.on D.by
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——两会于2024年3月4日下午在北京召开。——是的。国际社会再次将注意力转向这一事件。
考查介词辨析。in在某年某月某季节;at在某时刻;on在某一天或某一天的早中晚;by通过。空后“the afternoon of March 4, 2024”是具体某一天的下午,用介词on。故选C。
6.—I’ll have the Spoken English Final tonight. I’m a bit nervous.
—Believe in ________. You’re the best in our class.
A.herself B.myself C.yourself D.himself
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我今晚要参加口语决赛。我有点紧张。——相信你自己。你是我们班最棒的。
考查反身代词。herself她自己;myself我自己;yourself你自己;himself他自己。根据“You’re the best in our class.”可知,因为你是最棒的,所以要相信“你自己”。空处反身代词应为第二人称。故选C。
7.—Andy, is there ________ in today’s newspaper?
—Yes, I can lend mine to you.
A.something interesting B.anything interesting
C.interesting something D.interesting anything
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——Andy,今天的报纸上有有趣的东西吗?——有,我可以把我的借给你。
考查不定代词和形容词。something某事,常用于肯定句;anything任何事,常用于否定句或疑问句;interesting有趣的。根据“is there…in today’s newspaper?”可知,这是一般疑问句,因此用anything,排除选项AC;形容词修饰不定代词应放在后面,故选B。
8.After ________ talk, they decided to go to Beijing on holiday.
A.two hour B.two hours C.two-hours D.two hours’
【答案】D
【详解】句意:经过两个小时的交谈,他们决定去北京度假。
考查名词所有格。根据“After ... talk”可知此处表示两小时的交谈,用名词所有格two hours’表示“两小时的”。故选D。
9.— Alan, you play basketball so well. Who teaches you?
— Nobody. I learn it by___________.
A.you B.yourself C.me D.myself
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——Alan,你篮球打得真好。谁教你的?——没人。我自学的。
考查代词辨析。you你,人称代词;yourself你自己,反身代词;me我,人称代词;myself我自己,反身代词。根据“you play basketball so well. Who teaches you”和“Nobody”可知,learn by oneself“自学”符合语境,所以此处应用反身代词,而由主语I可知,此处应用I的反身代词myself。故选D。
10.My little sister is much ________ than me, but she eats more ________ than I do.
A.short; healthy B.shorter; healthily C.shorter; healthy D.short; healthily
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我的小妹妹比我矮得多,但她比我吃得更健康。
考查形容词和副词的比较级。short矮的,healthy健康的;shorter比较矮的;healthily健康地;根据“is much…than me”可知,第一空填形容词比较级shorter,排除选项A和D;根据“she eats more…than I do”可知,第二空填副词healthily修饰“eats”。故选B。
二、单词拼写
1.Today, these classes are becoming popular again among young people, though they now serve the purpose ________ enriching cultural needs. (介词填空)
【答案】of
【详解】句意:如今,这些课程再次变得受年轻人的欢迎,尽管现在的目的是丰富文化需求。根据“enriching cultural needs”可知,此处指丰富文化需求的目的。the purpose of表示“……的目的”。故填of。
2.He was famous ________ his wisdom and great contributions he made to the Ming Dynasty. (介词填空)
【答案】for
【详解】句意:他以他的智慧和对明朝做出的巨大贡献而闻名。be famous for“因……而闻名”。故填for。
3.Now Elephants World provides these beautiful animals ________ a comfortable sanctuary (庇护所). (介词填空)
【答案】with
【详解】句意:现在大象世界为这些美丽的动物提供舒适的庇护所。考查provide sb. with sth.“给某人提供某物”。故填with。
4.Once, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was planning to build city walls around Nanjing, which was the capital of the Ming Dynasty, to protect it from being attacked...Finally, the wall turned out to be really good at keeping ________ city safe, providing a natural barrier (屏障) against enemies. (冠词填空)
【答案】the
【详解】句意:曾有一回,皇帝朱元璋打算围绕当时的明朝都城南京修筑城墙,以抵御外敌进犯……最终,城墙在守护城池安全方面成效显著,成为抵御敌人的天然屏障。这里“city”特指上文提到的南京城,是特指,所以要用定冠词“the”来修饰。故填the。
5.Although we are culturally different, we are one team in the race. Before each race, the team would stand in ________ circle and cheer loudly. (冠词填空)
【答案】a
【详解】句意:虽然我们的文化不同,但我们在比赛中是一支球队。每场比赛前,球队都会围成一圈,大声欢呼。结合语境可知,此处表示泛指,circle为单数名词,且为辅音音素开头的单词,其前用不定冠词a。故填a。
6.If you lose ________ (you) in it, you can find a whole new world without leaving your house.
【答案】yourself/yourselves
【详解】句意:如果你/你们将自己沉浸其中,你/你们会足不出户而发现一个崭新的世界。从句主语为you,故空处需用反身代词,指“你自己/你们自己”,故填yourself/yourselves。
7.One of ________ (they) is bike riding, or biking.
【答案】them
【详解】句意:其中之一是骑自行车。介词of后需加宾格形式,they是人称代词主格,them是人称代词宾格。故填them。
8.Only by training hard can they build up ________ (they) bodies and meet the challenges in the future.
【答案】their
【详解】句意:只有通过刻苦训练,他们才能强身健体,迎接未来的挑战。根据“bodies”可知,此处用形容词性物主代词their,修饰名词。故填their。
9.Jianshe Road is the ________ (busy) road in our city, especially around 8:00 am.
【答案】busiest
【详解】句意:建设路是我们城市最繁忙的道路,尤其是早上8点左右。根据“in our city”以及空格前的the可知,三者以上的比较要用最高级,此空应填busy的最高级busiest,故填busiest。
10.Lin Ming is seven and Lin Fang is two years ________ (young) than her brother.
【答案】younger
【详解】句意:林明七岁,林芳比哥哥小两岁。根据“than”可知,此处填形容词的比较级。young的比较级为younger“较年轻的”。故填younger。
11.Mount Qomolangma is the world’s ________ (high) mountain.
【答案】highest
【详解】句意:珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。根据“Qomolangma is the world’s...mountain.”可知,此处指珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山,空后是名词“mountain”,空处应用形容词最高级,high的最高级形式是highest,空前是所有格“world’s”,此时最高级前面无需加the。故填highest。
12.The ________ (wife) of the workers often get together to chat.
【答案】wives
【详解】句意:工人们的妻子们经常聚在一起聊天。根据“workers”和谓语动词“get”可知,此处应使用可数名词复数wives。故填wives。
13.Please give me three ________ (slice) of bread. I’m really hungry.
【答案】slices
【详解】句意:请给我三片面包。我真的很饿。根据“three”可知,名词用复数形式,slice的复数是slices,故填slices。
14.When making the salad, add two ________ (spoon) of honey.
【答案】spoons
【详解】句意:在做沙拉时,加两勺蜂蜜。two修饰可数名词复数形式,spoon的复数形式为spoons,故填spoons。
三、语法选择
If you often have a cold, headache, or backache, there is 1 wrong with your health. Eating healthy food 2 good for our health. Tofu, milk, 3 are healthy for us.
Tofu is a kind of common 4 food. We often eat it in China. Now more and more people in other countries think tofu is good for health, 5 . They also like eating it.
Milk is 6 kind of healthy food. Every day, you should drink one or two glasses of milk. It can keep us 7 .
Vegetables are very 8 . You should eat 9 them. They are nutritious (有营养的).
As we know, it’s important 10 a balanced diet (均衡饮食). We must have the right kinds of food. We should also eat some pork, chicken and beef. We should eat more fruit and vegetables but less meat.
1.A.everything B.something C.anything D.thing
2.A.are B.was C.is D.will be
3.A.hamburgers B.meat C.ice-cream D.vegetables
4.A.Japanese B.American C.English D.Chinese
5.A.also B.too C.neither D.either
6.A.the other B.other C.another D.others
7.A.heavy B.weak C.thin D.strong
8.A.sick B.sore C.important D.nervous
9.A.a lot of B.plenty C.much D.a lot
10.A.keep B.to keep C.kept D.keeping
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.B
【导语】本文介绍了健康饮食的重要性,列举了豆腐、牛奶、蔬菜等健康食品,并强调了均衡饮食的必要性。
1.句意:如果你经常感冒、头痛或背痛,说明你的健康出了某些问题。
everything每件事物;something某事物;anything任何事物;thing东西。根据“wrong with your health”可知,此处指健康出了某些问题。故选B。
2.句意:吃健康食品对我们的健康有益。
are是,主语为复数;was是,is的过去式;is是,主语为单数名词或不可数名词;will be将是,将来时。描述事实用一般现在时。主语为动名词“Eating healthy food”,动词用is。故选C。
3.句意:豆腐、牛奶和蔬菜对我们健康有益。
hamburgers汉堡;meat肉类;ice-cream冰淇淋;vegetables蔬菜。根据“Vegetables are very”可知,此处指豆腐、牛奶和蔬菜对我们的健康有益。故选D。
4.句意:豆腐是一种常见的中国食品。
Japanese日本的;American美国的;English英国的;Chinese中国的。根据“We often eat it in China”可知,豆腐是中国常见的食物。故选D。
5.句意:现在越来越多其他国家的人也认为豆腐有益健康。
also也,用于肯定句句中;too也,用于肯定句句末;neither也不,两者;either也,用于否定句句末。根据“They also like eating it.”可知,其他国家的人也认为豆腐有益健康。此句为肯定句,且空处位于句末,用too。故选B。
6.句意:牛奶是另一种健康食品。
the other两者之中的另一个;other其他的,后接可数名词复数;another泛指另一个,三者或三者以上;others其他的,后不接名词。空处为单数可数名词“kind”,且健康的食物有很多,此处指三者及以上的另一种,用another。故选C。
7.句意:它能让我们保持强壮。
heavy沉重的;weak虚弱的;thin瘦的;strong强壮的。根据“Milk is another kind of healthy food.”可知,牛奶是健康食品,能让我们保持强壮。故选D。
8.句意:蔬菜非常重要。
sick生病的;sore疼痛的;important重要的;nervous紧张的。根据“They are nutritious (有营养的).”可知,蔬菜是有营养的,所以很重要。故选C。
9.句意:你应该多吃蔬菜。
a lot of大量,后接可数名词复数或不可数名词;plenty大量,名词,常构成plenty of,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词;much许多,修饰不可数名词;a lot很多,副词,修饰动词。空后为“them”指代“vegetables”,可数名词复数,用a lot of修饰。故选A。
10.句意:众所周知,保持均衡饮食很重要。
keep保持,动词原形;to keep保持,动词不定式;kept保持,动词过去式;keeping保持,动名词。此句为“It’s+形容词+to do sth”“做某事是……的”结构,空处填动词不定式作主语。故选B。
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专题03 词法
(冠词、代词、介词、形容词副词比较等级、名词考点全解析)
考点序号
考点聚焦
考点一
冠词
考点二
代词
考点三
介词
考点四
形容词&副词(比较级&最高级)
考点五
名词
(
脉
|
络
|
重
|
构
)
(
考
|
点
|
精
|
讲
)
考点一 冠词
(一)不定冠词 a/an
【知识精讲】
1.含义:泛指 “一个 / 一类”,修饰单数可数名词。
a:辅音音素开头
a book, a university, a European
an:元音音素开头(不是元音字母)
an apple, an hour, an honest boy
2.用法
首次提到单数可数名词(泛指)
I bought a pen yesterday.
表 “一个”,相当于 one
There is a park near my home.
表 “一类人 / 物”
A bird can fly.
3.固定搭配
have a rest, take a walk, in a hurry
注意:1. a/an选择看发音不看字母:an hour /a university
2. 不可数名词前不能用 a/an
【典例破题】
1.They are planning ________ 8-day trip now.
A.a B.an C.the D./
2.There is ________ English-Chinese dictionary on the desk.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
【巩固提升】
1.I volunteered as ________ guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.
A.an B.the C.a
2.There was ________ one-meter-tall robot welcoming me when I went into the bank.
A.an B.a C.the
3.My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful.
A.a; the B.an; the C.不填;不填 D.an;不填
4.It's reported that it'll be rainy today. Remember to take ________ umbrella with you, Cindy.
A.a B.an C.the
5.There is ________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it.
A.the B.a C./
6.—What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet?
—Oh, it is really ________ useful one. You can always find ________ information you need while traveling.
A.a; a B.an; an C.a; the D.an; the
7.DeepSeek is ________ new AI tool.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
8.There was ________ one-meter-tall robot welcoming me when I went into the bank.
A.an B.a C.the
9.I volunteered as ________ guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.
A.an B.the C.a
10.Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
(二)定冠词 the
【知识精讲】
含义:特指 “这个 / 那个 / 这些 / 那些”,可修饰单复数、可数 / 不可数。
必用 the 的八大场景
1.再次提到前文名词(特指)
I bought a pen. The pen is blue.
2.双方都知道的人 / 物
Open the door, please.
3.独一无二事物
the sun, the moon, the earth, the world
4.最高级、序数词、only
the best student, the first day, the only child
5.方位、乐器、姓氏复数(一家人)
in the east, play the piano, the Greens
6.特指的介词短语修饰名词
the water in the cup
7. 江河湖海、山脉、群岛、国家全称
the Yellow River, the Himalayas, the People’s Republic of China
8. 固定搭配
in the morning, on the left, all the time
易错提醒:
1.乐器前用 the;球类 / 棋类不用 the
2. 最高级前必须加 the
【典例破题】
1.—Will you take ________ sweater? It fits you so well.
—Well, I’m thinking whether it’s really necessary or not.
A.a B.an C.the
2.—Do you know how to spell ________ word “fish” in English?
—Yes. It begins with an “f”.
A.a B.the C.an D./
【巩固提升】
1.—Karm, what are you doing?
—I’m reading an article. ________ article is about Dazhou.
A.A B.An. C.The
2.Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday?
A.an B.the C.a D.不填
3.—What________ interesting book!
—Yes, ________book is really amazing.
A.a; an B.an; the C.an; a
4.Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history.
A./; the B.a; the C.the; a
5.My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful.
A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填
6.—What’s ______ matter with you, Jerry?
—I have a headache.
A.a B./ C.the
7.—Lucy, what club do you want to join?
—I want to join the music club because I can play ___________ violin.
A.an B.a C.the D.不填
8.Do you know ________ president who is giving a speech?
A.a B.an C.the
9.Hangzhou will hold ________ 19th Asian Games in 2023.
A.a B.an C.the
(三)零冠词(不用冠词)
【知识精讲】
零冠词高频场景
1.复数名词泛指一类
I like books.
2.不可数名词泛指
Water is important.
3.三餐、球类、棋类、学科、语言
have breakfast, play basketball, learn English
4.人名、地名、国名(简称)、街道、公园
Beijing, China, Green Street, Hyde Park
5.节假日、月份、星期
on Monday, in June, celebrate Christmas
6.固定搭配
go to school, by bus, at home, in bed
易错提醒:
1.go to school(上学)≠ go to the school(去那所学校)
2.in hospital(住院)≠ in the hospital(在医院里)
【典例破题】
1.Boys always like PE best because they can play ________ football happily.
A.a B.an C.the D./
2.—Do you want to play _________ basketball with me?
—I’d like to, but we don’t have _________ basketball here.
A./; / B.a; / C./; a D.the; a
【巩固提升】
1.Mary usually rides ________ bike to school. Sometimes she also goes by ________ bus.
A.a; 不填 B.不填; a C.the; a D.a; a
2.I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
3.My father likes sports. He is good at playing ________ soccer.
A.a B.an C.the D./
4.Boys always like PE best because they can play ________ football happily.
A.a B.an C.the D./
5.—Do you want to play _________ basketball with me?
—I’d like to, but we don’t have _________ basketball here.
A./; / B.a; / C./; a D.the; a
6.—My son seldom has ________ dinner.
—It is ________ unhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it.
A./; an B.the; an C./; a D.the; a
7.—Mum, can you buy ________ football for me? I want to play ________ football at weekends.
—No problem.
A./; the B.the; a C.a; / D.a; the
8.My father takes ________ shower before ________ breakfast every day.
A.a; / B./; the C.a; the D.the; /
9.— When do you have ________ history?
— It’s on ________ Friday morning.
A.a; / B.a; the C./ ; the D./ ; /
10.—Do you like playing ________ football?
—No. I like playing ________ piano.
A.the; the B.the; / C./; the D./; /
考点二 代词
(一)人称代词
【知识精讲】
人称代词表
类别
功能
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词
主格
作主语
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
作宾语/表语
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
易错提醒:
1.作表语正式用主格:It is I. 口语常用 It’s me.
2.并列人称顺序:单数二三一(you, he and I);复数一二三(we, you and they)
3.介词后必用宾格:with her, for me
人称代词用法
第一人称可以 / 必须放在前面的情况
1. 承认错误、承担责任时,为了突出 “责任在我”,常把第一人称放在最前面。
I and my brother broke the window.
(是我和我弟弟打碎了窗户。)
2. 长辈 / 上级对晚辈 / 下级说话时,不需要过度客套,可直接先说自己。
We and you will hold a meeting tomorrow.
(我们和你们明天开个会。)
3. 表示对比或强调 “我这边” 时
为了突出对比,先说自己,再提别人。
I support the plan, but he is against it.
(我支持这个计划,但他反对。)
4. 用 “not only…but also…” 等结构时,当第一人称在 “not only” 后,自然会放在前面。
Not only I but also he likes the movie.
(不仅我,他也喜欢这部电影。)
【典例破题】
1.—Andy, who are the girls over there?
—________ are my sisters, Lily and Lucy.
A.They B.We C.You
【巩固提升】
1.The three heroes returned to the earth from space. We are proud of ________.
A.me B.him C.them
2.My dear son, you have taught me to depend on ________ just as you once depended on me.
A.her B.him C.you
3.The next day, Betty asked ________ students, “Would you like to learn how to use your hands to talk to Lisa? ”
A.my B.your C.her
4.The little messages remind ________ (we) that we can always expect good things to come, even during difficult times.
5.When Lin Ming saw Lin Fang, he couldn’t wait to run to her. Jumping with joy, Lin Fang rushed to meet ________ (he).
(二)物主代词
【知识精讲】
物主代词表
类别
功能
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
物主代词
形容词性
作定语
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性
作主语、宾语或表语
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
/
theirs
口诀:形物代,不离名;名物代,独行侠
例句:This is my book. = This book is mine.
物主代词用法
1.形容词性物主代词用作限定词,在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语,不能单独使用。
2.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独作主语、表语或宾语,也可与of连用作后置定语,但不能单独作定语
【典例破题】
1.— Frank, is this your bag?
—No, it’s not ________.
A.mine B.yours C.his
【巩固提升】
1.This is not Mary’s sister’s smartwatch. ________ (her) is pink.
2.My favorite teacher is Mr. Zhao. In ________ (he) first class, he asked us to draw a picture of ourselves.
3.Mrs. Zhang is my neighbor. Her house is next to ________ (my).
4.This isn’t my dictionary. ________ (my) is over there, on the desk.
5.My mother works in a toy shop. She loves ________ (she) job.
(三)反身代词
【知识精讲】
反身代词表
类别
功能
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
反身代词
作宾语、
表语或
同位语
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
反身代词用法
宾语:enjoy oneself, hurt oneself
同位语(强调):He himself did it.
固定搭配:by oneself(独自)、for oneself(亲自)、help oneself(随便用)
易错提醒:反身代词不能作主语;itself 表 “它自己”(动物 / 事物)
【典例破题】
1.Betty made the toy car ________ (she).
【巩固提升】
一、单项选择
1.Mandy, we can’t do everything for you. You have to depend on ________ now.
A.you B.your C.yourself D.yourselves
2.—Wow, Mr Wu can play the piano very well.
—Yes. He enjoys teaching ________ to play the piano at the weekend.
A.himself B.myself C.ourselves D.herself
3.—Did you enjoy ________ on the beach at the weekend?
—Yes. We had a good time there.
A.you B.yourselves C.your D.yours
4.Tom made a chocolate cake ________ last weekend—he didn’t ask his mom for help at all.
A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself
5.I’m not good at maths, but I often say to ________, “Never give up!”
A.herself B.myself C.themselves D.himself
6.We should believe in ________ because that’s the secret of success.
A.our B.us C.ours D.ourselves
7.— Alan, you play basketball so well. Who teaches you?
— Nobody. I learn it by___________.
A.you B.yourself C.me D.myself
8.Boys and girls, please answer these questions ________.
A.on yourself B.for yourself C.by yourselves D.with yourselves
9.The song I believe I can fly tells us that believing in ________ is very important.
A.ourselves B.itself C.themselves D.myself
10.—Who taught you to play the piano?
—Nobody. I learned it ________.
A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself
(四)指示代词
【知识精讲】
用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,表示“这个/那个”,“这些/那些”。可以作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
典型用法
典型示例
it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物
I bought a new pen yesterday. It writes very smoothly.
我昨天买了一支新钢笔。它写起来特别顺滑。
that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词
The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。
those特指上文提到的复数名词
The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。
one泛指上文提到的可数名词,前有定语
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是一个新的。
I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too? 我想买吃苹果,你也要吗?
ones代替泛指的复数名词
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
the one特指上文提到的单数名词
This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。
Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。
the ones特指上文提到的复数名词
Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。
1.this, these 和 that, those 的用法。
① this 和 these 往往指在时间或空间上较近的人或物;that 和 those 往往指在时间或空间上较远的人或物。
② that 与 those 常用来代替上文已提到的名词,以避免重复。that 代替不可数名词或可数名词单数,those 代替可数名词复数。
易错提醒
1.英国人打电话时,用 this 指自己, that 指别人。
Hello! This is Alan. Who is that speaking?this(我),that(你)
2.this 和 that 都可指代上文刚提到的事物或前面整个句子中的内容,两者在意思上没有区别,只是that多用在较正式的文体中。
3.如果要指代接下来将要叙述的事情,通常用this, 用 that 指代下文的情况很少,this 往往带有一定的感情色彩,如讽刺、决心,气愤等。
4.that 和 those 可作定语从句的先行词,those可指人或物,that 只能指物。
2.such的用法。
①作主语:指已经提到的人或物,意为“这种,这类,上述一类,诸如此类”;也可指下文会提到的人或事物
②作定语:such定语常和all, no, any, some, other, another, many, sveeral等词连用,such要在这些词的后面。
③作宾语
④作表语(常与as或that从句连用)
The book is not such that I recommend.
3.so的用法
so起指代作用时,代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情,意思是“如此,这样”,常用作动词的宾语。
① so在think, expect, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等词后代替上文提出的观点,此时so既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句。
I believe so.
I don’t believe so.
② do so 结构:用do so 结构来代替“动词+宾语”结构,以避免重复,表示“那样做”。
4.same的用法。
①the same 指上文提到过的同一个人或事物,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
②the same 和 as 连用,用以引出所谈及的人或事物,或者引出后面的从句。
the same…as…指同类事物,但不是同一个。
the same…that…指同一个。
相同点:as和that都作关系代词,引导定语从句,替代先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。
【典例破题】
1.The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than ________ made in America.
A.ones B.those C.that D.it
【巩固提升】
一、单项选择
1.We find ________ interesting to visit Harbin in winter.
A.that B.this C.it D.one
2.The weather in Wuhan is much hotter than ________ in Qinhuangdao.
A.it B.that C.this D.those
3.There’re so many books. ________ will take me a long time to read them all.
A.They B.These C.It D.Those
二、选词填空
those that these one it this
4. is important for you to listen to your teachers carefully in class, because it is the key to understanding the lesson.
5.I like these model cars! When I get my pocket money, I will buy .
6.You should eat healthily and go to bed early. With good habits, you will be stronger.
7.Eye contact means looking into another person’s eyes. is a very important part of body language.
8.When everyone cares for around them in the community, the relationship between neighbors will get better and better.
9.The weather in Beijing is colder than of Guangxi.
(五)不定代词
【知识精讲】
不明确指代某个人或某些人、某个事物或某些事物的代词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
1.some/any
some:肯定句、委婉请求(Could you give me some...?)
any:否定 / 疑问 / 条件句;肯定句表 “任何”
2.no/every 系列
no one(无人,不接 of)、nothing(无物)、nobody(没人)
everyone/everybody(每人)、everything(一切)
3.all/both/either/neither/none
both(两者都)、either(两者任一)、neither(两者都不)
口诀:两者 both/either/neither;三者 all/none
4.one/ones/another/other/the other/others/the others
one(泛指单数)、ones(泛指复数)
another(另一个,三者及以上)
the other(两者中另一个)、the others(其余全部)
other + 名词复数;others(= other + 名词复数)
【典例破题】
1.Make sure ________ is left behind in the hotel room before you check out.
A.anything B.everything C.nothing D.something
【巩固提升】
1.Animals will get more help, if ________ starts to do something.
A.everyone B.nobody C.anyone
2.Only Tom was selected for the national team, while ________ remained in the club.
A.other B.another C.others D.the others
3.Sarah is a shy girl. She has ________ friends at school and often stays alone.
A.few B.little C.a few D.a little
4.My father walked around his car to see if there was ________ wrong.
A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything
5.I’ve read one comic strip. I’ll read ________ one before class.
A.other B.the other C.another D.others
6.My grandpa knows ________ about how AI works. It’s just like magic to him.
A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
考点三 介词
【知识精讲】
常考介词
1.表示时间的介词
介词
用法
at
表示时间的点、时刻等。
at breakfast,at six,at noon
on
表示具体的某一天或某天上午、下午或晚上。
on Sunday,on Tuesday morning,on Christmas Eve,on Children’s Day,on a rainy night
in
表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、季、月、周等。
in the 1990s,in January,in spring,in the first week of May
since+时间点
表示“自从……以来”。
The factory has been here since the 1970s.
for+时间段
表示“长达……”。
We were friends and colleagues for more than 20 years.
during
表示“在……期间”。
There are extra trains to that place during the summer.
until/till
表示“直到……”。
He didn’t get up till/until 10 am,which made his mother annoyed.
by
表示“到……为止;不迟于……”。
By the time you came back,I had finished this book.
2.表示方位的介词
介词
用法
at
后常接较小的地方
in
后常接较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内
on
表示“在……之上”,强调与表面相接触(反义词beneath)
across
表示“从……的表面穿过”;“在……对面”
through
表示“从……的内部穿过”
over
表示“从……的上面跨过”,强调垂直上方,悬空(反义词under)
above
表示物体离开表面而在其上方,但不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过,多于,大于”(反义词below)
3.表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料时,with,by,in都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官等;by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具等;in指使用某种语言、笔墨等。
by post/mail邮寄 by train 乘火车
in English 用英语
4.表示“除……之外”的介词
介词
用法
besides
意为“除……以外(还有)”,相当于in addition to
except
意为“除……以外(别无)”,可接名词、代词、介词短语等
but
意为“除……以外”,常用于含有否定词的句子中,相当于except
apart from
既可相当于besides或in addition to,也可相当于except (for)
other than
意为“除……以外(别无)”,可接名词、代词等
5.其他常考的介词
介词
用法
against
意为“违背,反对;倚靠;以……为背景,衬托”
She leaned against the wall.
beyond
意为“(范围、限度)超出,为……所不能及”
This was utterly beyond her comprehension.
by
意为“程度或数目增减的幅度;按……计算”
The average salary indeed increases by 10%.
despite
意为“尽管”
Despite his lack of experience,he got the job.
二、介词的省略
1.当表示时间的词前有this,that,next,last,every,each,some,any,all等时,介词常省略。
We watched an exciting football match last week.上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
You are warmly invited to our home any day you like;please consider it your own and drop by at your absolute convenience.我们诚挚地欢迎您在任意一天光临寒舍,请将这里当作您自己的家,在您最方便的时刻随时来访。
2.表示时间的名词前有不定冠词,且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时,其前不用介词。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
每天一个苹果,医生远离我。
3.习惯搭配中介词的省略。
一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略,常见的此类搭配有spend some time (in) doing sth,waste some time (in) doing sth,have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth,be busy (in) doing sth,stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。
Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty (in) waking him up.弗兰克坚持说自己没有睡觉,虽然我叫醒他费了好大劲。
三、介词不可省略的问题
1.在被动语态中,动词短语中的介词不能省略。
The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten.
这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。
2.当非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to.
这个问题很值得关注。
3.在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时,必须加上介词。
The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.
我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。
四、介词构成的搭配
1.介词与动词构成的搭配
call for需要,要求
apply for申请
refer to提及,参考
contribute to贡献,有助于,促成
focus on集中于
feel like想要
hold up举起
exchange...for...用……来交换……
cope with处理,对付
2.介词与名词构成的搭配
at a loss不知所措
at the cost of以……的代价
on behalf of代表
with fear害怕地
by accident/chance偶然地
in charge of掌管……
in return作为回报
in detail详细地
in spite of尽管
in exchange for作为交换
in favor of支持,赞成
in honour of为向……表示敬意
in possession of拥有,有,
in memory of为了纪念……
3.介词与形容词构成的搭配
be curious about对……好奇
be particular about对……讲究/挑剔
be absorbed in专注于……
be engaged/occupied in忙于……
be fit for适合,胜任……
be grateful to/for对……心存感激
be aware of意识到……
be fond of喜欢……
be ashamed of为……感到羞愧
be patient with对……有耐心
be qualified for 胜任……
4.介词与其他词构成的搭配
but for要不是
instead of代替
regardless of不管,不顾
along with随着
according to根据
owing to因为
【典例破题】
1.I often help my parents look ________ my two little brothers in my spare time.
2.The Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded ________ July 1, 1921.
【巩固提升】
一、单词拼写
1.There is a special jug (罐) on our kitchen table. I put some small pieces of paper and a pen next ________ the jug.
2.Our “Good Things Jug” is full ________ love, hope and happiness.
3.Every morning after breakfast, I take our dog Ruby ________ the park.
4.Last Sunday, Lucy helped our dad cut the grass. ________ the same time, my mom and I went shopping.
5.Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start ________ ten minutes.
6.One day, Mrs. Lin picked up Lin Ming and then they went to Lin Fang’s school together. Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited ________ his sister.
7.Many thanks ________ your gift. I love it.
8.Mr. Zhao shows us how to learn ________ our mistakes.
9.Mrs. Zhang often says hello ________ me from her front garden when I come back home.
10.I eat rice ________ beef and potatoes. It’s delicious.
考点四 形容词&副词(比较级和最高级)
【知识精讲】
构词(形容词/副词变比较级和最高级)
⑴ 规则变化:
① 形容词/副词变比较级一般在词尾加-er,变最高级加-est
例:hard-harder-hardest, great-greater- greatest
② 形容词/副词以不发音-e结尾,变比较级加-r,变最高级加-st
例:nice-nicer-nicest,wide-wider-widest
③ 形容词/副词以重读闭音节结尾,双写尾字母加-er,双写尾字母加-est
例:大(big)胖(fat)瘦(thin)热(hot)湿(wet)伤心(sad)
④ 在双音节/多音节形容词/副词前,变比较级加more,变最高级加most
例:difficult - more difficult - most difficult
拓展:
① 有少数几个双音节词以及以-er及-le结尾的词,可以有两种变化形式
例:common - commoner/ more common - commonest/ most common
clever - cleverer/ more clever - cleverest/ most clever
simple - simpler/ most simple - simplest/ most simple
②“劣等”比较,是在形容词原级前加less,least而构词比较级与最高级
例:kind - less kind - least kind useful - less useful - least useful
③ 复合形容词的比较等级
例:well-known - better well-known - best well-known
④ 有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,故没有比较级和最高级,如right,wrong,excellent,final,last,possible,east,empty,wooden,impossible,perfect,favorite等
⑤ 以下形容词构词的短语含有比较意味:
例:be superior to 优于……(类似于be better than)
be inferior to 比……差(类似于be worse than)
⑵ 不规则变化:
good/well - better -best(好)
bad/badly/ill - worse - worst(坏)
little - less - least(少)
much/many - more - most(多)
far - farther(具体)- farthest(具体)(远)
far - further(抽象)- furthest(抽象)
old - older(年龄大)- oldest(年龄大)(老)
old - elder(血缘关系)- eldest(血缘关系)
区分
① older,oldest表示年纪更大的;年代更久远的,既可指人也可指物,可作定语又可作表语。elder,eldest指家庭成员的长幼关系,常作定语。
② farther,farthest表示距离上更远、最远;further,furthest表示程度上更近一步、最大程度,有时也可以表示距离上较远、最远。此外,further用作副词时,还可以表示“而且,此外”。
等级比较
⑴ 原级用法
① 只能修饰原级的词:very、quite、so、too
例:He is too tired to walk on.
② 用原级的句式
肯定句:“as + 形容词/副词原级 + as”表示“和…一样”
否定句:“not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as”表示“不如…”
例:This tree is as tall as that one. This tree isn’t as/so tall as that one.
注1:
若第一个as后形容词作定语修饰名词时,常用结构如下:
as + adj. + a/ an + 可数名词单数 + as
as + adj. + 不可数名词 + as
as + many + 可数名词复数 + as;as much + 不可数名词 + as
as much ( + a/ an ) + 名词 + as
注2:
“as…as”结构中,第一个as是副词,用在形容词和副词的原级前;第二个as是连词,连接与前面句子结构相同的句子(相同部分常省略)
例:He is as tall as his brother.
注3:
在as和than引导的比较状语从句中,由于句式同前面主句相同,为避免重复,常把主句中出现的动词用do的适当形式代替
例:John speaks German as fluently as Mary does.
拓展
同级比较的结构有时有一些习惯用语,如:
短语
同级比较含义
习惯用语含义
as long as
和……一样长
只要……
as soon as
和……一样快/早
一……就……
as well as
和……一样好
既……,又……
as good as
和……一样好
(= very nearly)几乎
as far as
和……一样远
就……而言
③ 倍数表达
“A + 动词+ 倍数 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + B”
例:Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.
⑵ 比较级用法
① 修饰比较级的词:much、a lot、far、a little、a bit、even、rather、still、by far、any(否定/疑问句)a great deal等
注:by far 修饰比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面;如果比较级前有定冠词the,则by far 位于the前
② 比较级 + than……
例:He is older than me.
③“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”“越…,越…”
例:The more,the better.
注:其中前面的句子是状语从句,后面是主句。主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时;若主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来
④“A + be + the + 形容词比较级 + of the two + 名词”
例:Look at the two boys. Tom is the taller of the two.
⑤“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越…”
例:He is getting taller and taller.
⑥ 在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择:
“特殊疑问词 + be +形容词比较级,A or B?”
例:Which is bigger, the earth or the moon?
“特殊疑问词 + 实意动词 + 副词比较级,A or B?”
例:Who draws better,Jenny or Danny?
⑦ 倍数表达
“A + 动词 + 倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than + B”
例:Our classroom is twice larger than theirs.
⑧ 特殊用法
比较级有时可单独使用,其比较的对象含于句中
例:Be more careful next time.
“no more than”表示“只不过,仅仅”= only
“not more than”表示“不多于”
“no less than”表示“多达”= as much/ many as
“not less than”表示“至少”= at least
⑨ 含比较级的习语
more or less
sooner or later
much less = still less
more than once (= often)
more than (= over),(= very),(= not only)
so much the better/ worse
拓展
用介词by接变化的程度;to则接变化的结果
例:She is taller than I by three inches.= She is three inches taller than I.
区分:
many more,much more
many more只能修饰可数名词复数
much more既可修饰不可数名词,也可构词比较级
⑶ 最高级用法
① 修饰最高级的词:序数词、much、by far、nearly、almost等
② the + 形容词/副词最高级 + of + 同类事物(副词最高级前the可省)
例:Of all the subjects, I like English best.
③ the + 形容词/副词最高级 + in +地域范围(副词最高级前the可省)
例:Jack is the tallest student in the class.
④ the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 +(that)I have ever seen/known
例:You are the tallest man I have ever known.
⑤“one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数 + 三单” 表示 “最…的…之一…”
例:One of the tallest players in China is Li Ming.
⑥ 含最高级的习语
at the latest
at (the) most/ least
do one’s best
for the most part
make the most of
not in the least
拓展:比较级表示最高级含义
“否定词 + 比较级”表示最高级
例:Nothing could be better.
比较级表示最高级含义的句式
比较级 + than + any other + 可数名词单数
例:He left earlier than any other student in the class.
比较级 + than + (all) the other + 可数名词复数
例:He left earlier than all the other students in the class.
比较级 + than + anything/ anyone +else
例:He left earlier than anyone else in the class.
比较级 + than + any of the other + 可数名词单数(不同范围)
例:He left earlier than any of the other students in the class.
比较级 + than + the rest of + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词
例:He left earlier than the rest of students in the class.
【典例破题】
1.—Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River?
—The Yangtze River. It is the third ________ river in the world.
A.longer; long B.longest; long C.longest; longer D.longer; longest
【巩固提升】
一、单项选择
1.—What do you think of Kunming No. 10 Middle School?
—I think it is ________ than any other school, and the teachers work as ________ as bees.
A.beautiful; hard B.more beautiful; harder
C.beautiful; harder D.more beautiful; hard
2.No clothes are ________ than those in Dream Clothes. The clothes there are ________ in our town.
A.bad; bad B.the worst; worse
C.worst; worse D.worse; the worst
3.I have no idea how to organize the event with ________ money and ________ people.
A.less; fewer B.fewer; less C.fewer; more D.more; less
4.There is ________ space for wildlife. As a result, there will be ________ rare birds in the world.
A.fewer and fewer; less and less B.less and less; fewer and fewer
C.more and more; less and less D.fewer and fewer; more and more
5.—________ you practise, ________ mistakes you will make.
—Yes. Practice makes perfect.
A.The more; the more B.Less; fewer
C.The more; less D.The more; the fewer
6.Our teacher always tells us ________we are, ________ we will be.
A.the most hard-working; the luckiest B.the hard-working; the lucky
C.the more hard-working; the luckier D.more hard-working; luckier
7.Mary’s hair is longer than ________ in her class.
A.any other student B.the other students C.any other student’s D.the other student’s
8.Shanghai is larger than ________ in China and ________ in Jiangsu Province.
A.any of the other cities; any city B.other cities; the other cities
C.the other cities; any other city D.any other city; other cities
9.—What do you think of the songs by Taylor Swift?
—Beautiful, and she is my favourite singer. No one has a ________ voice.
A.good B.better C.bad D.worse
10.—What do you think of the film Unit 731?
—Amazing! You can’t find a ________ one during this National Day holiday.
A.popular B.more popular C.less popular D.most popular
考点五 名词
【知识精讲】
名词的分类
1. 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词称为名词。名词可以分为普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是一类人或东西,或是一个抽象概念的名词。专有名词是某个/些人、地方、机构等专有的名称。
易错提醒
1.单数可数名词不能单独使用,要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用,否则就用复数形式表示复数含
2.不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与不定冠词连用。advice、information、progress为北京高考高频不可数名词。
3. 物质名词前有定语修饰时,前面要使用冠词。
4. 专有名词前一般不加冠词,但由普通名词构成的专有名词(如 the Great Wall)需加 the。
名词的数
规则变化
语法填空必考复数变形,以 s/es、变 y 为 i 加 es、f/fe 变 v 加 es 为主。
可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
口诀
1. 改-f或-fe为v, 再加-es:
口诀:小偷(thief)妻子(wife)切面包,半片树叶(leaf)当作刀(knife),狼(wolf)保己命架(shelf)后藏
2. 以f结尾的名词,直接加-s
口诀:海湾(gulf)边、屋顶(roof)上,首领(chief)奴仆(serf)两相望,谁说他们无信仰(belief),证据(proof)写在手帕(handkerchief)上。
3. 这些以o结尾的名词复数加es,其他加-s:
口诀:黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)坐在火山上(volcano)吃着土豆(potato)西红柿(tomato)
4. 辅音 + y 变 ies:城市(city)国家(country),婴儿(baby)变复数,y 变 i 后加 es。
不规则变化
1.可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
变化
示例
单复数同形
deer, fish, sheep, means, series, aircraft, spacecraft, species
Chinese,the United States,Swiss,physics,politics,maths,
变内部元音
goose-geese,tooth-teeth, foot-feet, man-men, woman-women;mouse-mice
-on/ium变-a
phenomenon-phenomena现象,criterion-criteria标准
词尾加-(r)en
child---children孩子; ox-oxen公牛
词尾-um变成-a
datum-data数据;medium-media媒体;
2.只有复数形式的名词: 由两个相同的部分构成的一个物体的名词
scissors 剪刀
compasses 圆规
glasses 眼镜
earphones耳机
trousers裤子
gloves手套
易错提醒
❌ 裤子,眼镜等用单数
✅ two pairs of trousers“两条裤子”;a pair of glasses“一副眼镜”
3.以-ing形式结尾的名词
belongings所属物
savings节省下来的东西
findings研究发现
earnings挣来的钱
surroundings周围的环境
sufferings受难
4.合成名词的复数形式
合成名词的复数,在主体名词后加-s
passer-by→passers-by过路人, looker-on→lookers-on旁观者
合成名词的复数,无主名词在词尾加-s
grown-up→grown-ups成人, go-between→go-betweens媒介,中间人
注意:1.German—Germans德国人, Roman---Romans罗马人,human---humans人类。
不可数名词
1. 常考不可数名词
①抽象类名词(表示状态、情感、品质等)
advice建议:a piece of advice一条建议
information信息:some information一些信息
knowledge知识:knowledge of history历史知识
happiness幸福:the happiness of children孩子们的幸福
courage勇气:show courage in danger在危险中展现勇气
success成功:achieve great success取得巨大成功
failure失败:experience failure经历失败
progress进步:make progress in study在学习上进步
②物质类名词表示无法分割的物质或材料
water水:a glass of water一杯水
milk牛奶:a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶
meat肉:some meat一些肉
butter黄油:a spoon of butter一勺黄油
wood木头:a piece of wood一块木头
③自然现象名词
weather天气:good weather好天气
snow雪:heavy snow大雪
rain雨:light rain小雨
wind风:strong wind大风
fog雾:thick fog浓雾
④总称类名词
clothing(服装):a piece of clothing(一件衣服)
furniture(家具):a set of furniture(一套家具)
equipment(设备):advanced equipment(先进设备)
luggage/baggage(行李):heavy luggage(沉重的行李)
jewelry/jewellery(珠宝):expensive jewelry(昂贵的珠宝)
⑤不可数名词的量
a piece of advice/news;two pieces of information
易错提醒
✅ 不可数名词没有复数形式。
✅ 不可数名词前面不能有不定冠词a或an。
✅ fish指鱼的种类时,加-es; 指鱼的条数时,单复数相同;指鱼肉时,为不可数名词。
✅ work(工作,不可数)→works(作品,可数);paper(纸,不可数)→papers(试卷 / 文件,可数)
2. 表示具体的一个人或特定的某一件事东西时,可以将抽象名词可作为可数名词,可以与a/an连用,常见的这类词有:
例词
抽象意义
具体化意义
例词
抽象意义
具体化意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
beauty
美;美丽
美丽的人或事
comfort
安慰;慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
danger
危险
危险的人或事物
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shock
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情
物质名词的复数现象
arm胳膊--arms武器
grass草--grasses草原
paper纸--papers论文,试卷
wood木头--woods树林
cloth布--clothes衣服
iron铁--irons熨斗
water水--waters水域
time时间--times时代;次数
wind--winds风向;季风
rain雨--rains雨季
line线路--lines台词
fruit水果--fruits多种水果
名词的格
知识点1 -'s 所有格
1.所有格的意义:表示有生命的人或物的所有关系,译为“…”的
2.所有格的变法:
单数名词:直接加 -'s → Tom→Tom's汤姆的;Beijing→Beijing's 北京的
复数名词:
以 s 结尾:加 -' → students→students'学生们的;parents→parents'父母们的
不规则复数:加 -'s → children→children's孩子们的;people→people's人们的
特殊用法:
时间 / 距离:today's news今天的新闻;ten minutes' walk十分钟的路程
共同所有在最后一个人后面加’s:Tom and Jerry's house汤姆和杰瑞的房子(共有的房子)
各自所有在每个名词后加’s:Tom's and Jerry's houses汤姆和杰瑞的房子(各自的房子)
知识点 2 of 所有格
1.所有格的意义:无生命的名词常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或定语修饰的有生命的名词用of所有格。
2.所有格的变法:
无生命名词:the door of the room屋子的门;the name of the book书的名字
有生命名词(较长定语):the name of the little girl in red穿红衣服的小女孩的名字
知识点 3 双重所有格
1.所有格的意义:双重所有格是所有格的叠用, -'s 所有格和of 所有格这两种所有格形式放在一起,即"名词+of+名词所有格"或"名词+of+名词性物主代词"。
2.所有格的变法:
结构:a/an + 名词 + of + 名词所有格 → a friend of my father's我爸爸的一个朋友;a picture of Li Ming's小明的一幅画;the plan of hers她的那个计划
名词的后缀
知识点1 动词→名词
-tion/-ation:act→action;discuss→discussion;organize→organization
-ment:develop→development;agree→agreement;manage→management
-er/or:work→worker;visit→visitor;act→actor
-ing:begin→beginning;read→reading
知识点2 形容词→名词
-ness:happy→happiness;kind→kindness;sick→sickness
-th:true→truth;warm→warmth;long→length
-y:difficult→difficulty;honest→honesty
ity:electric→electricity;equal→equality
-ce: important→importance; silent→silence
【典例破题】
1.No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day.
2.Of all my Sports Day ___11___ (memory), the most touching unfolded that evening.
【巩固提升】
一、单词拼写
1.Many good things happen in a year. At the end of the year, we get together to empty the “Good Things Jug”. We take ________ (turn) to read the “Good Things” aloud.
2.Over the past twelve ________ (month), there have been many difficult things in our family.
3.It is fun to do housework! My sister Lucy and I always help with different ________ (job) at home.
4.Lucy is setting the table. And after dinner she will do the dishes. She thinks it is a ________ (please) to make a little change.
5.The Lin family has a son and a daughter, Lin Ming and Lin Fang. They study in different ________ (school).
6.Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited for his sister. Several minutes later, many ________ (child) walked out in a line.
二、选词填空
minute woman father child teacher
7. Day is on June 1st, and it’s a special day filled with joy and laughter for kids.
8.The offices are on the second floor.
9.Look at the photo. The man in the blue coat is my brother.
10.It is about ten walk from my home to the library.
11.The store offers different kinds of shoes and handbags.
一、单项选择
1.Nancy’s grandfather is ______ 85-year-old man, but he can still play ______ table tennis now.
A.a, a B.a, the C.an, / D.an, the
2.—Could you tell me something about Switzerland?
—Oh, it is ________ European country with a beautiful environment.
A.an B.a C.the D./
3.— Have you heard of ________ film Yolo《热辣滚烫》?
— Of course, it has been a hot topic since it was first shown on 10th February, 2024.
A.the B.a C.an D./
4.The opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games was held ______ September 23rd 2023.
A.in B.on C.to D.at
5.—The Two Sessions was held in Beijing ________ the afternoon of March 4, 2024.
—Yes. And the global community has once again turned its attention to the event.
A.in B.at C.on D.by
6.—I’ll have the Spoken English Final tonight. I’m a bit nervous.
—Believe in ________. You’re the best in our class.
A.herself B.myself C.yourself D.himself
7.—Andy, is there ________ in today’s newspaper?
—Yes, I can lend mine to you.
A.something interesting B.anything interesting
C.interesting something D.interesting anything
8.After ________ talk, they decided to go to Beijing on holiday.
A.two hour B.two hours C.two-hours D.two hours’
9.— Alan, you play basketball so well. Who teaches you?
— Nobody. I learn it by___________.
A.you B.yourself C.me D.myself
10.My little sister is much ________ than me, but she eats more ________ than I do.
A.short; healthy B.shorter; healthily C.shorter; healthy D.short; healthily
二、单词拼写
1.Today, these classes are becoming popular again among young people, though they now serve the purpose ________ enriching cultural needs. (介词填空)
2.He was famous ________ his wisdom and great contributions he made to the Ming Dynasty. (介词填空)
3.Now Elephants World provides these beautiful animals ________ a comfortable sanctuary (庇护所). (介词填空)
4.Once, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was planning to build city walls around Nanjing, which was the capital of the Ming Dynasty, to protect it from being attacked...Finally, the wall turned out to be really good at keeping ________ city safe, providing a natural barrier (屏障) against enemies. (冠词填空)
5.Although we are culturally different, we are one team in the race. Before each race, the team would stand in ________ circle and cheer loudly. (冠词填空)
6.If you lose ________ (you) in it, you can find a whole new world without leaving your house.
7.One of ________ (they) is bike riding, or biking.
8.Only by training hard can they build up ________ (they) bodies and meet the challenges in the future.
9.Jianshe Road is the ________ (busy) road in our city, especially around 8:00 am.
10.Lin Ming is seven and Lin Fang is two years ________ (young) than her brother.
11.Mount Qomolangma is the world’s ________ (high) mountain.
12.The ________ (wife) of the workers often get together to chat.
13.Please give me three ________ (slice) of bread. I’m really hungry.
14.When making the salad, add two ________ (spoon) of honey.
三、语法选择
If you often have a cold, headache, or backache, there is 1 wrong with your health. Eating healthy food 2 good for our health. Tofu, milk, 3 are healthy for us.
Tofu is a kind of common 4 food. We often eat it in China. Now more and more people in other countries think tofu is good for health, 5 . They also like eating it.
Milk is 6 kind of healthy food. Every day, you should drink one or two glasses of milk. It can keep us 7 .
Vegetables are very 8 . You should eat 9 them. They are nutritious (有营养的).
As we know, it’s important 10 a balanced diet (均衡饮食). We must have the right kinds of food. We should also eat some pork, chicken and beef. We should eat more fruit and vegetables but less meat.
1.A.everything B.something C.anything D.thing
2.A.are B.was C.is D.will be
3.A.hamburgers B.meat C.ice-cream D.vegetables
4.A.Japanese B.American C.English D.Chinese
5.A.also B.too C.neither D.either
6.A.the other B.other C.another D.others
7.A.heavy B.weak C.thin D.strong
8.A.sick B.sore C.important D.nervous
9.A.a lot of B.plenty C.much D.a lot
10.A.keep B.to keep C.kept D.keeping
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