(复习部分)专题04 名词、代词、冠词和数词-【暑假自学课】2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

专题04 名词，代词，冠词和数词 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 名词 ) 一、可数名词变复数 1.直接在词尾加-s。如： book → books map → maps 2.以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，通常在词尾直接加-es。如： glass → glasses watch → watches box → boxes brush → brushes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变-y 为-i再加-es。以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词或以-y结尾的专有名词，直接加-s。如： factory → factories family → families boy → boys Henry → Henrys 4.以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词，直接加-s。以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词，一般加-es。如: bamboo → bamboos zoo → zoos hero → heroes tomato → tomatoes 注意：一些以“辅音字母+o”结尾的外来词和缩写词等，变复数时加-s。如:piano → pianos。 5.以-f或-e结尾的名词，多数变-f或-fe为-v再加-es。如： thief → thieves wife → wives knife → knives wolf → wolves half → halves life → lives leaf → leaves shelf → shelves 巧记：小偷的妻子吃完一片面包后，用刀将狼砍成两半，结束了其生命，然后一半放在树叶上，一半放在架子上。 注意:①有些以+结尾的名词变复数时直接加-s。如:roof → roofs。 ②少数既可以直接加-s，也可以变-f或-fe为v再加+es。如：handkerchief → handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。 6.不规则变化 child → children mouse → mice man → men foot → feet 二、单复数同形的可数名词 1.三种动物：fish(鱼)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿) 2.某国人：Chinese(中国人)，Japanese(日本人)，Swiss(瑞士人) 3.其他：means(方式，方法)，works(工厂) 三、集体名词的单复数 1.有些集体名词,如:people(人，人民)，police(警察)，cattle(牛)，rest(其余的人)等，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： The police like to help people. 警察乐于助人。 Were there many people at the party? 参加晚会的人很多吗? 注意：people作“民族，种族”讲时，为可数名词。 2.有些集体名词，如：army(军队)，pubic(公众)，crowd(人群)，class(班级)，family(家庭)，team(队)，audience(观众)，government(政府)，party(政党)，enemy(敌人)，couple(一对)等，既可作单数又可作复数。当指某一集体总称时看作单数；当指该集体中的每一个成员时，看作复数。 Our class is made up of 45 students. 我们班由45名学生组成。 Our class are all in high spirits. 我们班个个都斗志昂扬。 四、名词所有格 1.表示有生命的名词在词尾加“'s”。如：Jim's T-shirt。 2.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“'”。如:the boys' names。 3.表示两人或多人共有时，只在后一个名词词尾加“'s”；表示两人或多人分别所有时，则在每个名词词尾加“'s”。如： Jim Green is Lucy and Lily's teacher. (两个人共同的老师) These are Lucy's and Michael's bags. (两个人各自的书包) 4.双重所有格 双重所有格即“of十名词所有格”，表示整体中的一个或者部分。如： a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends 我父亲的一位朋友 五、名词作定语 1.名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。如：:two apple trees(两棵苹果树)。 2. man, woman在名词前作定语时，其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。如:three women teachers(三位女教师)，ten men doctors(十个男医生)。 3.“数词十名词”作定语时,其中的名词也要用单数形式。如：an 11-year-old girl(一个11岁的女孩)。 1. The editor reviewed many c sent by students for the school magazine’s next issue. 2. After reaching your d , you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city. 3. 教练很快认出了这位年轻运动员的潜力，并开始对他进行严格训练。 The coach quickly the young potential and began training him strictly. 4. Going from high school to high school is a really big . ( 考点二 代词 )从初中过渡到高中真是一项巨大的挑战。 一、人称代词 人称代词不仅指人，也可指物，有人称、数和格的变化。 数 格 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he/she/it him/her/it they them --Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？ --It's me. 是我。 She is my closest friend. 她是我最要好的朋友. 二、物主代词 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 数 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性物主代词 my your his/her/its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用你的钢笔吗？你的更好用。 I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。 三、反身代词 反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词，如mysef, yourself, himself, herself, itself以及它们的复数形式。 You should be proud of yourself. 你应该为自己感到骄傲。 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。 易混辨析 1. it, one和that it 特指上文出现过的同一事物，与前面的名词是同一个。 one 泛指同名异物可数名词单数，指“同一类中的一个”。 that 特指同名异物不可数名词或可数名词单数，只指物。 He lost my wallet. he has looked for it everywhere, but he can't find it. So he'll have to buy a new one. 他的钱包丢了。他已经到处找过了，但没找到。因此他将不得不买一块新的, This book is more interesting than that on the desk. 这本书比桌子上的那本更有趣。 2. neither与either neither 表示完全否定意义，意为“两者都不” either 表示肯定意义，为“(两者中的)任何一个”。两者都可以单独使用，也可以与介词of连用。 --Which of the songs do you like? 你喜欢哪首歌曲？ --Neither (of them)!都不喜欢！ The thief was put in the police car with a policeman on either side of him.窃贼被送到警车上，身体两侧各坐着一个警察。 1. Dangerous conditions and broken roads made difficult for soldiers to deliver supplies. 2. Though it is often regarded as a sport by old people, I am sure I will continue to practise tai chi and enjoy the benefits has brought me. 3. is estimated that 5G technology will be likely to be used in more fields. ( 考点三 冠词 )4. “Although it was difficult at first, I gradually got used to eating and getting dressed by (I),” the one-armed boy said. 一、a(n)与the的区别 a(n) 常用于表示泛指的单数名词之前 the 多用于表示特指的单数名词，复数名词或不可数名词之前。 Eg. Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? 加拿大和澳大利亚，哪一个国家更大？ --If you don't like the red coat, take the blue one.--如果你不喜欢这件红色的外套，拿那件蓝色的吧。 --OK, but do you have a bigger size? The one is a bit tight for me.--好的，但是你们有大一点的尺寸吗？这一件我穿有点紧了。 二、a(n)的特殊用法 1.不可数抽象名词，如danger, beauty, success, honour, help, joy, pity, disappointment, surprise, pleasure, comfort等在强调具体的人或事时，常将其具体化，前面应加不定冠词。 As a doctor, she is a success. 作为一名医生,她很成功。 2.不可数名词，如education, history, knowledge, population, time, world等在表示其某一部分或某一方面的内容概念时，前面常加不定冠词。 Nigeria has a population of more than 200 million. 尼日利亚有2亿多人口。 3.序数词second, third等词前面用不定冠词，表示“再一，又一”。 We'll learn a second language in the second grade. 二年级时我们将再学一门外语。 1. When the project ended in 1980, it was considered great success. (用适当的词填空) 2. Zhang Sanfeng, 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. (用适当的词填空) 3. As individual, every student has their own unique learning styles. (用适当的词填空) ( 考点 四 数词 )4. Taking a photo of an essay is unique request, but I am up for the challenge. (用适当的词填空) 1.数词常见的变形有one--once, two--twice, hundred--hundreds, thousand--thousands。 2.序数词变化规则：除了first, second, third特殊外，其他基本是在基数词词尾加-th构成。 3.表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，如1/3--a/one third, 2/3--two thirds, 3/4--three quarters/fourths, 2/5--two fifths。 1. There are nineteen people waiting for the dentist in front of me. I’m the (twenty). 1. It is well known that Germany’s car industry is its beer. A. as a symbol much as B. as much a symbol as C. so much the symbol as D. so the symbol much as 2. After the civil war, the damage and suffering caused extended far beyond the immediate fatalities, leading to long-term socioeconomic instability and sense of collective trauma. A. which B. as C. what D. it 3. strikes me that the man was not telling the truth. A. It B. Its C. What D. That 4. One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is of the North American monarch butterfly. A. it B. this C. that D. one 5. teenagers addicted to online games is said to be increasing year by year. A. The number of B. A number of C. A lot of D. A variety of 6. With Bill in lead, the explorers entered the forest which is home to many wild animals. A. the; a B. 不填; a C. a; the D. the;不填 提升专练 I.单句语法填空 1. The theme should be in ________(relate) with traditional Chinese culture, as is required. 2. Big challenges can sometimes lead to great ________(solve). 3. After lunch they drove out to their summer villa, in order to make ________(arrange) there for the winter. 4. In some countries, there are two or more official ________(language). 5. The ________(preserve) of cultural heritage is an important task for us. 6. However, the high speed train has made ________ much more convenient for them to go back home. 7. To help your muscles recover and repair ________(they) after exercise, you need to eat foods rich in protein. 8. Finally, ________ should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. 9. “Although it was difficult at first, I gradually got used to eating and getting dressed by ________(I),” the one-armed boy said. 10. ________ is estimated that 5G technology will be likely to be used in more fields. 11. I can't believe the first week is coming to ________ end. 12. It can be ________ big headache for the working parents to find reliable childcare during the busy holiday season. 13. Learning ballet is very hard, but you should accept ________ challenge. 14. Fish prefer shallow water to deep water because ________ former is warmer. 15. I’ve heard that it is ________ amazing sight, and I can’t wait to go. 16. In time you will find yourself growing into ________ well-rounded individual 17. Taking a photo of an essay is ________ unique request, but I am up for the challenge. 18. As ________ individual, every student has their own unique learning styles. 19. Zhang Sanfeng, ________ 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. 20. When the project ended in 1980, it was considered ________ great success. II.阅读理解 (24-25高一下·浙江·开学考试)The US government is beginning to hand out billions of dollars into infrastructure(基础设施) spending to better the US water system, much of which will go to improving stormwater systems. But some scientists and city planners are pushing to fund projects that are better adapted to the changing climate. Instead of just gray infrastructure, supporters say the answer is green. Green infrastructure, whether large rain gardens or plants along streets, has the same purpose as big storm pipes: to manage large amounts of water that can build up during heavy rains. That is, when rain storms hit, the water soaks into the rain gardens, which prevents that water from rushing to the streets and sidewalks, thus greatly reducing the pressure on the stormwater system. Green infrastructure can also help when it’s not raining. Summer heat waves are often more dangerous in cities, because concrete (水泥) takes in heat in line with what’s known as the “urban heat island” effect. Plants and parks can provide much needed cooling. Then why isn’t there more green infrastructure? While both gray and green infrastructure require upfront funding, green infrastructure also requires ongoing costs to repairing it regularly, which can turn out to be a big block to doing it. In addition, the most cost-effective time to build green infrastructure projects is when cities are already doing roadwork. But because the projects are often managed by different departments, working together effectively sometimes seems impossible. Also, some state governments put the need to repair and upgrade gray infrastructure first rather than starting green projects in many communities. According to Marccus Hendricks, assistant professor of city studies and planning at the University of Maryland, although highlighting the significance of green infrastructure is of great importance, it has been a stepchild of the types of systems people pay attention to. 1. Why does the author mention gray infrastructure in paragraph 1? A. To present a fact. B. To attract the readers. C. To explain an issue. D. To introduce the topic. 2. What is green infrastructure aimed at? A. Raising funds for infrastructure. B. Beautifying the city appearances. C. Replacing the function of storm pipes. D. Easing the stress of the storm water system. 3. What is the current situation of green infrastructure according to Hendricks? A. It is the primary focus of city planning. B. It has received much funding to get it upgraded. C. It hasn’t received enough attention from the officials. D. It is considered less cost-effective than gray infrastructure. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Green Infrastructure: A Long Way to Go. B. Gray Infrastructure: Time to Knock Out. C. Green Infrastructure: Prepared to Set Off. D. Gray Infrastructure: A Necessity in Cities. III.完形填空 (24-25高一下·山东聊城·开学考试)When I was little, I spent much time at my grandfather’s house, watching him paint all day long.What I remember most was how he 5 painting old ships. As I grew up, we hardly 6 .I noticed he didn’t really 7 much anymore. About a year ago, he had a heart attack. In and out of the 8 for a while, he recovered but was still 9 ,moving around his house in a wheelchair. Then, I started 10 his house and we began to talk more. We discussed life and our interests. Every time I 11 , he wanted to talk a lot.I figured he was lonely and enjoyed the 12 . Wondering why he didn’t start painting again, I made it a point to casually(不经意地) 13 it when I came over, telling him often that he should paint again. It 14 ! He started sending me to buy paint and poster boards.He asked me about colors and 15 me his paintings.I loved the way he painted the 16 ships. He looked happier.Painting seemed to have brought back some 17 part of him. Cleaning for my grandpa has brought us closer.Despite his seventy-five years of age, I 18 to discourage him from painting.Days like these are 19 , and I enjoy the little moments. 5. A. missed B. started C. loved D. avoided 6. A. fought B. explored C. spoke D. traveled 7. A. paint B. laugh C. exercise D. care 8. A. office B. hospital C. ship D. city 9. A. positive B. busy C. calm D. weak 10. A. searching B. repairing C. sharing D. cleaning 11. A. set off B. came over C. looked around D. called back 12. A. company B. freedom C. challenge D. rest 13. A. drop B. answer C. request D. mention 14. A. happened B. continued C. appeared D. worked 15. A. showed B. lent C. promised D. delivered 16. A. broken B. ancient C. empty D. foreign 17. A. youthful B. smart C. fun D. secret 18. A. manage B. decide C. refuse D. fail 19. A. IV.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (24-25高一下·湖北孝感·开学考试)In East China’s Anhui province, 20 2-meter-wide alley(巷) separates a pair of gray walls. At first glance it may seem insignificant, but to those 21 know its history, Liuchi Alley in Tongcheng symbolizes much more than its previous 22 (appear) would suggest. The alley’s name 23 (come) from the Chinese words for “six” and “chi”, a unit of length, due to its width. In the early Qing Dynasty, it served as the boundary between the Zhang and Wu families, both with prominent members in Emperor Kangxi’s court or other regions. However, the two families quarreled over the boundary and the right 24 (build) a wall. After 25 (fail) to get mediation from a regional official, the Zhangs wrote to Zhang Ying, a top official in the court. His response, 26 the form of a poem, didn’t support his family as expected. Instead, he asked his relatives to step back l meter from the boundary. 27 (move) by this, both families did so, and the alley 28 (form). This alley is often associated with tolerance, morality, and social order. Although the walls are replicas, people are still attracted by its story. To ordinary folk, the story is about how to get along with other people, while authorities think it can also function as a guideline for 29 (official). V.应用文写作 (24-25高一下·湖南长沙·开学考试)寒假结束后，许多同学可能还沉浸在假期的放松状态中。请你以学生会的名义写一封倡议书，号召全校同学迅速调整状态，回归健康、规律的学习生活。字数要求：80词左右。 内容要点： 1.说明寒假结束后调整状态的重要性； 2.指出同学们可能存在的“假期综合症”问题； 3.提出具体的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 名词，代词，冠词和数词 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 名词 ) 一、可数名词变复数 1.直接在词尾加-s。如： book → books map → maps 2.以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，通常在词尾直接加-es。如： glass → glasses watch → watches box → boxes brush → brushes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变-y 为-i再加-es。以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词或以-y结尾的专有名词，直接加-s。如： factory → factories family → families boy → boys Henry → Henrys 4.以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词，直接加-s。以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词，一般加-es。如: bamboo → bamboos zoo → zoos hero → heroes tomato → tomatoes 注意：一些以“辅音字母+o”结尾的外来词和缩写词等，变复数时加-s。如:piano → pianos。 5.以-f或-e结尾的名词，多数变-f或-fe为-v再加-es。如： thief → thieves wife → wives knife → knives wolf → wolves half → halves life → lives leaf → leaves shelf → shelves 巧记：小偷的妻子吃完一片面包后，用刀将狼砍成两半，结束了其生命，然后一半放在树叶上，一半放在架子上。 注意:①有些以+结尾的名词变复数时直接加-s。如:roof → roofs。 ②少数既可以直接加-s，也可以变-f或-fe为v再加+es。如：handkerchief → handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。 6.不规则变化 child → children mouse → mice man → men foot → feet 二、单复数同形的可数名词 1.三种动物：fish(鱼)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿) 2.某国人：Chinese(中国人)，Japanese(日本人)，Swiss(瑞士人) 3.其他：means(方式，方法)，works(工厂) 三、集体名词的单复数 1.有些集体名词,如:people(人，人民)，police(警察)，cattle(牛)，rest(其余的人)等，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： The police like to help people. 警察乐于助人。 Were there many people at the party? 参加晚会的人很多吗? 注意：people作“民族，种族”讲时，为可数名词。 2.有些集体名词，如：army(军队)，pubic(公众)，crowd(人群)，class(班级)，family(家庭)，team(队)，audience(观众)，government(政府)，party(政党)，enemy(敌人)，couple(一对)等，既可作单数又可作复数。当指某一集体总称时看作单数；当指该集体中的每一个成员时，看作复数。 Our class is made up of 45 students. 我们班由45名学生组成。 Our class are all in high spirits. 我们班个个都斗志昂扬。 四、名词所有格 1.表示有生命的名词在词尾加“'s”。如：Jim's T-shirt。 2.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“'”。如:the boys' names。 3.表示两人或多人共有时，只在后一个名词词尾加“'s”；表示两人或多人分别所有时，则在每个名词词尾加“'s”。如： Jim Green is Lucy and Lily's teacher. (两个人共同的老师) These are Lucy's and Michael's bags. (两个人各自的书包) 4.双重所有格 双重所有格即“of十名词所有格”，表示整体中的一个或者部分。如： a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends 我父亲的一位朋友 五、名词作定语 1.名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。如：:two apple trees(两棵苹果树)。 2. man, woman在名词前作定语时，其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。如:three women teachers(三位女教师)，ten men doctors(十个男医生)。 3.“数词十名词”作定语时,其中的名词也要用单数形式。如：an 11-year-old girl(一个11岁的女孩)。 1. The editor reviewed many c sent by students for the school magazine’s next issue. 【答案】contributions/ontributions 【详解】考查名词。句意：编辑审阅了学生们为学校杂志下一期寄来的许多稿件。根据“for the school magazine’s next issue”可知，编辑审阅的是学生们的投稿。contribution意为“稿件，贡献”，是可数名词，这里有很多投稿，要用复数形式，在句中作宾语。故填contributions。 2. After reaching your d , you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city. 【答案】destination/estination 【详解】考查名词。句意：到达目的地后，你将有一天时间去探索这座古城并为其惊叹不已。根据句意和首字母d以及空格前的动词reaching可知，空格处应该用名词destination作宾语。故填destination。 3. 教练很快认出了这位年轻运动员的潜力，并开始对他进行严格训练。 The coach quickly the young potential and began training him strictly. 【答案】recognized； athlete’s 【详解】考查时态、名词所有格。第一个空白处在句中做谓语，应使用动词，根据汉语提示，表示“认出”含义的动词为：recognize，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词用一般过去时，所以使用recognized，故第一个空填recognized；第二个空白处在句中做定语，修饰后面的名词“潜力”，应使用名词所有格，根据汉语提示，表示“运动员”含义的名词为：athlete，所以表示“运动员的”名词所有格形式为：athlete’s，故第二个空填athlete’s。故填recognized；athlete’s。 4. Going from high school to high school is a really big . 从初中过渡到高中真是一项巨大的挑战。 【答案】junior; senior; challenge ( 考点二 代词 )【详解】考查形容词和名词。表示“初中”为junior high school，表示“高中”为senior high school，形容词junior“级别较低的”、senior“高级别的”，均作定语修饰high school；表示“挑战”为名词challenge，根据前文不定冠词a可知，用单数形式作表语。故填①junior；②senior；③challenge。 一、人称代词 人称代词不仅指人，也可指物，有人称、数和格的变化。 数 格 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he/she/it him/her/it they them --Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？ --It's me. 是我。 She is my closest friend. 她是我最要好的朋友. 二、物主代词 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 数 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性物主代词 my your his/her/its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用你的钢笔吗？你的更好用。 I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。 三、反身代词 反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词，如mysef, yourself, himself, herself, itself以及它们的复数形式。 You should be proud of yourself. 你应该为自己感到骄傲。 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。 易混辨析 1. it, one和that it 特指上文出现过的同一事物，与前面的名词是同一个。 one 泛指同名异物可数名词单数，指“同一类中的一个”。 that 特指同名异物不可数名词或可数名词单数，只指物。 He lost my wallet. he has looked for it everywhere, but he can't find it. So he'll have to buy a new one. 他的钱包丢了。他已经到处找过了，但没找到。因此他将不得不买一块新的, This book is more interesting than that on the desk. 这本书比桌子上的那本更有趣。 2. neither与either neither 表示完全否定意义，意为“两者都不” either 表示肯定意义，为“(两者中的)任何一个”。两者都可以单独使用，也可以与介词of连用。 --Which of the songs do you like? 你喜欢哪首歌曲？ --Neither (of them)!都不喜欢！ The thief was put in the police car with a policeman on either side of him.窃贼被送到警车上，身体两侧各坐着一个警察。 1. Dangerous conditions and broken roads made difficult for soldiers to deliver supplies. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：危险的环境和破损的道路使士兵很难运送补给。此处是固定搭配：make it+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.，其中it作形式宾语。故填it。 2. Though it is often regarded as a sport by old people, I am sure I will continue to practise tai chi and enjoy the benefits has brought me. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：虽然太极拳通常被认为是一项老年人的运动，但我相信我会继续练习太极拳并享受它给我带来的好处。分析句子可知，benefits后是定语从句，先行词为“benefits”，在从句中作宾语，省略了关系代词，句中指“太极拳给我带来的好处”，空格处应用代词“it”，代指上文提到的“tai chi”，在从句中作主语。故填it。 3. is estimated that 5G technology will be likely to be used in more fields. 【答案】It 【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：据估计，5G技术可能会在更多领域得到应用。分析句子可知，该句为固定句型It is estimated that…“据估计……”，It作形式主语，that引导的名词性从句作真正主语。故填It。 4. “Although it was difficult at first, I gradually got used to eating and getting dressed by (I),” the one-armed boy said. 【答案】myself ( 考点三 冠词 )【详解】考查反身代词。句意：“虽然起初很难，但我逐渐习惯了自己吃饭和穿衣，”这个独臂男孩说。by oneself“独自”。结合主语I可知，本空表示“我自己”，用反身代词myself。故填myself。 一、a(n)与the的区别 a(n) 常用于表示泛指的单数名词之前 the 多用于表示特指的单数名词，复数名词或不可数名词之前。 Eg. Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? 加拿大和澳大利亚，哪一个国家更大？ --If you don't like the red coat, take the blue one.--如果你不喜欢这件红色的外套，拿那件蓝色的吧。 --OK, but do you have a bigger size? The one is a bit tight for me.--好的，但是你们有大一点的尺寸吗？这一件我穿有点紧了。 二、a(n)的特殊用法 1.不可数抽象名词，如danger, beauty, success, honour, help, joy, pity, disappointment, surprise, pleasure, comfort等在强调具体的人或事时，常将其具体化，前面应加不定冠词。 As a doctor, she is a success. 作为一名医生,她很成功。 2.不可数名词，如education, history, knowledge, population, time, world等在表示其某一部分或某一方面的内容概念时，前面常加不定冠词。 Nigeria has a population of more than 200 million. 尼日利亚有2亿多人口。 3.序数词second, third等词前面用不定冠词，表示“再一，又一”。 We'll learn a second language in the second grade. 二年级时我们将再学一门外语。 1. When the project ended in 1980, it was considered great success. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：当这个项目在1980年结束时，它被认为是一个巨大的成功。句中success意为“成功的事物”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，意为“一个巨大的成功”，应用不定冠词，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 2. Zhang Sanfeng, 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：张三丰，这位13世纪的道教人物，在观察了一次蛇与鸟之间的战斗后，从中获得灵感并发明了太极拳。Taoist为可数名词单数，结合句意，此处指的是“一位13世纪的道教人物”表示泛指意义，所以此处使用不定冠词，13th-century的首个音素为辅音，所以此处使用不定冠词a。故填a。 3. As individual, every student has their own unique learning styles. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：作为一个个体，每个学生都有自己独特的学习方式。泛指“一个个体”，需用冠词修饰，且individual首字母的发音为元音音素。故填an。 4. Taking a photo of an essay is unique request, but I am up for the challenge. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a ( 考点 四 数词 )【详解】考查冠词。句意：给一篇文章拍照是一项独特的要求，但我准备好了迎接挑战。request是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，unique是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 1.数词常见的变形有one--once, two--twice, hundred--hundreds, thousand--thousands。 2.序数词变化规则：除了first, second, third特殊外，其他基本是在基数词词尾加-th构成。 3.表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，如1/3--a/one third, 2/3--two thirds, 3/4--three quarters/fourths, 2/5--two fifths。 1. There are nineteen people waiting for the dentist in front of me. I’m the (twenty). 【答案】twentieth 【详解】考查序数词。句意：有19个人在我前面等牙医，我是第20个。根据句意可知，此处需要使用序数词表示顺序，twenty是基数词，其对应的序数词是twentieth。故填twentieth。 1. It is well known that Germany’s car industry is its beer. A. as a symbol much as B. as much a symbol as C. so much the symbol as D. so the symbol much as 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定结构。句意：众所周知，德国的汽车行业和它的啤酒一样都是一个象征。这里使用了as…as..的结构，具体的是as+adj.+a(n)+名词+as，意为“……和……一样”。故选B。 2. After the civil war, the damage and suffering caused extended far beyond the immediate fatalities, leading to long-term socioeconomic instability and sense of collective trauma. A. which B. as C. what D. it 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分和代词。句意：内战后，它(内战)造成的破坏和苦难远远超出了直接的死亡人数，导致了长期的社会经济不稳定和集体创伤感。“_____ caused”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the damage and suffering，关系词将其代入从句作宾语，用关系代词which或者that引导从句，可省略；同时，从句还缺主语，结合句意，从句表示“内战造成……”，“内战”作主语，可用代词it指代前面的the civil war，在从句中作主语；综上，该定语从句的完整形式为“(which/that) it caused”，题干中关系代词which或者that已省略。故选D项。 3. strikes me that the man was not telling the truth. A. It B. Its C. What D. That 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我突然意识到那个人说的不是真话。此处为句型it strikes sb. that...表示“某人突然想到”，it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语。故选A。 4. One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is of the North American monarch butterfly. A. it B. this C. that D. one 【答案】C 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：自然界最奇妙的迁徙之一是北美帝王蝶的迁徙。A. it代指前文提到的同一个事物；B. this具体指代离说话者较近或即将提到的事物；C. that代替前面出现的同类的可数名词单数或不可数名词，后面常有修饰语作后置定语；D. one指代前文提到的同类事物中的一个，但不特指某一个。此处需要指代前文提到的“迁徙”，后有介宾短语作后置定语，用that代指单数可数名词migration。故选C。 5. teenagers addicted to online games is said to be increasing year by year. A. The number of B. A number of C. A lot of D. A variety of 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：据说沉迷于网络游戏的青少年数量逐年增加。A. The number of……的数量；B. A number of许多(相当于many)；C. A lot of许多(可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词)；D. A variety of各种各样的。“_____ teenagers addicted to online games”是句子的主语，且谓语动词is said为单数形式，选项中只有“The number of+复数名词”表示“……的数量”，为单数概念；其余三个选项均可修饰可数名词复数，表示复数概念，用在此处与谓语动词的单数形式不一致，可排除。故选A项。 6. With Bill in lead, the explorers entered the forest which is home to many wild animals. A. the; a B. 不填; a C. a; the D. the;不填 【答案】D 【详解】考查冠词。句意：在比尔的带领下，探险者们进入了这片森林，这里居住着许多野生动物。with sb. in the lead固定搭配，意为“在某人的带领下”，be home to固定搭配，意为“……的栖息地，……之家”，故选D。 提升专练 I.单句语法填空 1. The theme should be in ________(relate) with traditional Chinese culture, as is required. 【答案】relation 【详解】考查名词。句意：主题应与中国传统文化有关，这是必要的。in relation with与……有关。故填relation。 2. Big challenges can sometimes lead to great ________(solve). 【答案】solutions 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。此处为名词作宾语，solve的名词为solution，意为“解决方法”，为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用名词复数形式solutions表示泛指意义。故填solutions。 3. After lunch they drove out to their summer villa, in order to make ________(arrange) there for the winter. 【答案】arrangements 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：午饭后，他们开车去他们的避暑别墅，以便在那里安排过冬。空处作make的宾语，名词arrangement符合题意，意为“安排”，arrangement作该意使用时通常用复数形式，构成短语make arrangements for，表示“为……做安排”。故填arrangements。 4. In some countries, there are two or more official ________(language). 【答案】languages 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在一些国家，有两种或两种以上的官方语言。根据two or more可知，本空应用名词language“语言”的复数形式，作主语。故填languages。 5. The ________(preserve) of cultural heritage is an important task for us. 【答案】preservation 【详解】考查名词。句意：保护文化遗产是我们的一项重要任务。空处在句中作主语，应用名词preservation“保护”。故填preservation。 6. However, the high speed train has made ________ much more convenient for them to go back home. 【答案】it 【详解】考查形式宾语。句意：然而，高速列车让他们回家更加方便。分析句子结构可知，空处缺made的宾语，结合句意可知，高速列车让他们回家更加方便，动词不定式“to go back home”是真正的宾语，故空处缺形式宾语it。故填it。 7. To help your muscles recover and repair ________(they) after exercise, you need to eat foods rich in protein. 【答案】themselves 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：为了帮助你的肌肉在运动后恢复和自我修复，你需要吃富含蛋白质的食物。设空处作动词recover和repair的宾语，与其逻辑主语your muscles指代相同，故用反身代词。故填themselves。 8. Finally, ________ should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：最后，应该指出的是，享受人群的陪伴并不等同于和朋友在一起。分析句子结构可知，此处为主语位置，且该主语指代的是“that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends”这一观点，因此应使用形式主语it来占位，真正的主语为后面的that从句；“It should be pointed out that…”是固定句型，意为“应该指出的是……”。故填it。 9. “Although it was difficult at first, I gradually got used to eating and getting dressed by ________(I),” the one-armed boy said. 【答案】myself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：“虽然起初很难，但我逐渐习惯了自己吃饭和穿衣，”这个独臂男孩说。by oneself“独自”。结合主语I可知，本空表示“我自己”，用反身代词myself。故填myself。 10. ________ is estimated that 5G technology will be likely to be used in more fields. 【答案】It 【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：据估计，5G技术可能会在更多领域得到应用。分析句子可知，该句为固定句型It is estimated that…“据估计……”，It作形式主语，that引导的名词性从句作真正主语。故填It。 11. I can't believe the first week is coming to ________ end. 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：我真不敢相信第一周就要结束了。结合句意表示“结束”可知短语为come to an end，end的发音为元音音素开头，应用冠词an。故填an。 12. It can be ________ big headache for the working parents to find reliable childcare during the busy holiday season. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：对于工作的父母来说，在繁忙的假期里找到可靠的托儿服务是一件很头疼的事情。该句为“it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语”结构，结合句意可知，headache指的是“一件令人头疼的事”为泛指意义，所以此处使用不定冠词，big的首个音素为辅音音素，所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。 13. Learning ballet is very hard, but you should accept ________ challenge. 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：学芭蕾舞很难，但你应该接受挑战。此处特指学芭蕾舞的挑战，应该用定冠词the。故填the。 14. Fish prefer shallow water to deep water because ________ former is warmer. 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：鱼更喜欢浅水区而非深水区，因为前者水温更高。the former为固定搭配，表示“前者”。故填the。 15. I’ve heard that it is ________ amazing sight, and I can’t wait to go. 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：我听说那是一个令人惊叹的景象，我等不及要去看看了。sight表示“景象”为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处表示“一个令人惊叹的景象”为泛指意义，且amazing的首个音素为元音音素，所以此处使用不定冠词an。故填an。 16. In time you will find yourself growing into ________ well-rounded individual 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：随着时间的推移，你会发现自己成长为一个全面发展的人。可数名词individual在句中表示“一个全面发展的人”，泛指，且well-rounded发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 17. Taking a photo of an essay is ________ unique request, but I am up for the challenge. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：给一篇文章拍照是一项独特的要求，但我准备好了迎接挑战。request是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，unique是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 18. As ________ individual, every student has their own unique learning styles. 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：作为一个个体，每个学生都有自己独特的学习方式。泛指“一个个体”，需用冠词修饰，且individual首字母的发音为元音音素。故填an。 19. Zhang Sanfeng, ________ 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：张三丰，这位13世纪的道教人物，在观察了一次蛇与鸟之间的战斗后，从中获得灵感并发明了太极拳。Taoist为可数名词单数，结合句意，此处指的是“一位13世纪的道教人物”表示泛指意义，所以此处使用不定冠词，13th-century的首个音素为辅音，所以此处使用不定冠词a。故填a。 20. When the project ended in 1980, it was considered ________ great success. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：当这个项目在1980年结束时，它被认为是一个巨大的成功。句中success意为“成功的事物”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，意为“一个巨大的成功”，应用不定冠词，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 II.阅读理解 (24-25高一下·浙江·开学考试)The US government is beginning to hand out billions of dollars into infrastructure(基础设施) spending to better the US water system, much of which will go to improving stormwater systems. But some scientists and city planners are pushing to fund projects that are better adapted to the changing climate. Instead of just gray infrastructure, supporters say the answer is green. Green infrastructure, whether large rain gardens or plants along streets, has the same purpose as big storm pipes: to manage large amounts of water that can build up during heavy rains. That is, when rain storms hit, the water soaks into the rain gardens, which prevents that water from rushing to the streets and sidewalks, thus greatly reducing the pressure on the stormwater system. Green infrastructure can also help when it’s not raining. Summer heat waves are often more dangerous in cities, because concrete (水泥) takes in heat in line with what’s known as the “urban heat island” effect. Plants and parks can provide much needed cooling. Then why isn’t there more green infrastructure? While both gray and green infrastructure require upfront funding, green infrastructure also requires ongoing costs to repairing it regularly, which can turn out to be a big block to doing it. In addition, the most cost-effective time to build green infrastructure projects is when cities are already doing roadwork. But because the projects are often managed by different departments, working together effectively sometimes seems impossible. Also, some state governments put the need to repair and upgrade gray infrastructure first rather than starting green projects in many communities. According to Marccus Hendricks, assistant professor of city studies and planning at the University of Maryland, although highlighting the significance of green infrastructure is of great importance, it has been a stepchild of the types of systems people pay attention to. 1. Why does the author mention gray infrastructure in paragraph 1? A. To present a fact. B. To attract the readers. C. To explain an issue. D. To introduce the topic. 2. What is green infrastructure aimed at? A. Raising funds for infrastructure. B. Beautifying the city appearances. C. Replacing the function of storm pipes. D. Easing the stress of the storm water system. 3. What is the current situation of green infrastructure according to Hendricks? A. It is the primary focus of city planning. B. It has received much funding to get it upgraded. C. It hasn’t received enough attention from the officials. D. It is considered less cost-effective than gray infrastructure. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Green Infrastructure: A Long Way to Go. B. Gray Infrastructure: Time to Knock Out. C. Green Infrastructure: Prepared to Set Off. D. Gray Infrastructure: A Necessity in Cities. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了绿色基础设施，它更有利于改善美国的供水系统，但由于费用等原因，没能得到足够的重视，还需要时间发展。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“But some scientists and city planners are pushing to fund projects that are better adapted to the changing climate. Instead of just gray infrastructure, supporters say the answer is green. (但一些科学家和城市规划者正在推动资助更适应气候变化的项目。支持者说，答案不是灰色的基础设施，而是绿色的。)”可知，文章提到灰色的基础设施，是为了与绿色的基础设施进行对比，引出文章主题，绿色的基础设施更有利，由此可知，作者在第1段中提到灰色基础设施是为了引出文章主题。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Green infrastructure, whether large rain gardens or plants along streets, has the same purpose as big storm pipes: to manage large amounts of water that can build up during heavy rains. That is, when rain storms hit, the water soaks into the rain gardens, which prevents that water from rushing to the streets and sidewalks, thus greatly reducing the pressure on the storm water system. (绿色基础设施，无论是大型雨水花园还是街道上的植物，都与大型雨水管道有着相同的目的：管理大雨期间可能积聚的大量水。也就是说，当暴雨来袭时，雨水会渗入雨水花园，防止雨水涌向街道和人行道，从而大大减轻了雨水系统的压力。)”可知，绿色基础设施的目标是缓解雨水系统的压力。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“According to Marccus Hendricks, assistant professor of city studies and planning at the University of Maryland, although highlighting the significance of green infrastructure is of great importance, it has been a stepchild of the types of systems people pay attention to. (马里兰大学城市研究与规划助理教授Marccus Hendricks表示，尽管强调绿色基础设施的意义非常重要，但它一直是人们关注的系统类型的继子。)”可知，“stepchild”意为“继子”，表示“受冷落的人或物”，由此可知，人们并不关注绿色基础设施，Hendricks认为绿色基础设施没有得到官员们足够的重视。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段关键句“Then why isn’t there more green infrastructure? While both gray and green infrastructure require upfront funding, green infrastructure also requires ongoing costs to repairing it regularly, which can turn out to be a big block to doing it. (那么，为什么没有更多的绿色基础设施呢？虽然灰色和绿色基础设施都需要前期资金，但绿色基础设施也需要定期维修的持续成本，这可能会成为实现这一目标的一大障碍。)”可知，本文主要介绍了绿色基础设施，它更有利于改善美国的供水系统，但由于费用等原因，没能得到足够的重视，还需要时间发展，“Green Infrastructure: A Long Way to Go”意为“绿色基础设施：任重道远”，能够表达文章主要内容。故选A项。 III.完形填空 (24-25高一下·山东聊城·开学考试)When I was little, I spent much time at my grandfather’s house, watching him paint all day long.What I remember most was how he 5 painting old ships. As I grew up, we hardly 6 .I noticed he didn’t really 7 much anymore. About a year ago, he had a heart attack. In and out of the 8 for a while, he recovered but was still 9 ,moving around his house in a wheelchair. Then, I started 10 his house and we began to talk more. We discussed life and our interests. Every time I 11 , he wanted to talk a lot.I figured he was lonely and enjoyed the 12 . Wondering why he didn’t start painting again, I made it a point to casually(不经意地) 13 it when I came over, telling him often that he should paint again. It 14 ! He started sending me to buy paint and poster boards.He asked me about colors and 15 me his paintings.I loved the way he painted the 16 ships. He looked happier.Painting seemed to have brought back some 17 part of him. Cleaning for my grandpa has brought us closer.Despite his seventy-five years of age, I 18 to discourage him from painting.Days like these are 19 , and I enjoy the little moments. 5. A. missed B. started C. loved D. avoided 6. A. fought B. explored C. spoke D. traveled 7. A. paint B. laugh C. exercise D. care 8. A. office B. hospital C. ship D. city 9. A. positive B. busy C. calm D. weak 10. A. searching B. repairing C. sharing D. cleaning 11. A. set off B. came over C. looked around D. called back 12. A. company B. freedom C. challenge D. rest 13. A. drop B. answer C. request D. mention 14. A. happened B. continued C. appeared D. worked 15. A. showed B. lent C. promised D. delivered 16. A. broken B. ancient C. empty D. foreign 17. A. youthful B. smart C. fun D. secret 18. A. manage B. decide C. refuse D. fail 19. A. 【答案】 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与祖父之间的故事，特别是关于祖父画画的兴趣和经历。作者小时候经常看祖父画画，但长大后与祖父的交流变少。祖父生病后，作者开始帮他打扫房子，两人之间的交流增多。作者发现祖父喜欢有人陪伴，并鼓励他重新画画。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我印象最深的是他是多么热爱画古老的船只。A. missed错过；B. started开始；C. loved爱；D. avoided避免。根据上文“When I was little, I spent much time at my grandfather’s house, watching him paint all day long.”可推测，作者的祖父很热爱画古老的船只。故选C。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我渐渐长大，我们几乎不再交流。A. fought打架；B. explored探索；C. spoke说话；D. traveled旅行。根据下文“Then, I started  __10___  his house and we began to talk more.”可推测，着作者长大，和祖父几乎不怎么说话交流了。故选C。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我注意到他不怎么画画了。A. paint绘画；B. laugh笑；C. exercise锻炼；D. care关心、在意。根据下文“Wondering why he didn’t start painting again, I made it a point to casually(不经意地)  ___13___  it when I came over, telling him often that he should paint again.”可知，随着作者渐渐长大，作者注意到祖父不怎么画画了。故选A。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约一年前，他心脏病发作了。反复在医院治疗几次后，他康复了，但身体仍然很虚弱，只能坐着轮椅在房子里四处活动。A. office办公室；B. hospital医院；C. ship船；D. city城市。根据上文“About a year ago, he had a heart attack.”可知，祖父心脏病发作，会去医院治疗。故选B。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大约一年前，他心脏病发作了。反复在医院治疗几次后，他康复了，但身体仍然很虚弱，只能坐着轮椅在房子里四处活动。A. positive积极的；B. busy忙碌的；C. calm平静的；D. weak虚弱的。根据下文“moving around his house in a wheelchair”可知，祖父需要坐轮椅四处活动，由此可知，祖父虽然康复了但身体仍然很虚弱。故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我开始打扫他的房子，我们也开始更多地交谈。A. searching搜寻；B. repairing修理；C. sharing分享；D. cleaning清洁。根据最后一段“Cleaning for my grandpa has brought us closer.”可知，祖父身体虚弱，所以作者为他打扫房屋。故选D。 11. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：每次我去他家，他都有很多话想说。A. set off出发、动身；B. came over过来；C. looked around环顾四周；D. called back回电话。根据下文“when I came over”可知，每次作者过来，祖父都有说不完的话。故选B。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得他很孤独，喜欢有人陪伴。A. company公司、陪伴；B. freedom自由；C. challenge挑战；D. rest休息。根据上文“Every time I  ___11___ , he wanted to talk a lot.”可知，作者每次来的时候，祖父都会有很多话想说。由此可推测，作者发现祖父很孤独，喜欢有人陪他。故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很纳闷他为什么不再画画了，所以每次去他家时，我都会特意不经意地提到这件事，还经常跟他说他应该再画画。A. drop掉落；B. answer回答；C. request请求；D. mention提及。根据下文“telling him often that he should paint again”可知，作者会向祖父提到画画这件事。故选D。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个办法奏效了！A. happened发生；B. continued继续；C. appeared出现；D. worked起作用。根据下文“He started sending me to buy paint and poster boards.”可知，作者的做法起作用了，祖父又开始画画了。故选D。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会问我关于颜色的问题，还向我展示他的画作。A. showed展示；B. lent借出；C. promised承诺；D. delivered递送。根据空后的“me his paintings”可知，祖父开始画画后会向作者展示画作。故选A。 16. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢他画那些古老船只的方式。A. broken破碎的；B. ancient古老的；C. empty空的；D. foreign外国的。根据文章第一段“What I remember most was how he  ___5___  painting old ships.”可知，祖父喜欢画古老的船只。故选B。 17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：画画似乎让他找回了一些年轻的活力。A. youthful年轻的；B. smart聪明的；C. fun有趣的；D. secret秘密的。根据上文“He looked happier.”以及上文提到的作者幼时祖父经常作画可推测，画画让祖父找回了年轻的活力。故选A。 18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他已经75岁了，但我不会去阻止他画画。A. manage管理、设法做成；B. decide决定；C. refuse拒绝；D. fail失败。根据上文内容可知，作者感受到了祖父的孤独才建议祖父画画，由此可知，作者不会阻止祖父画画。故选C。 19. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像这样的时光是很宝贵的，我很享受这些美好的瞬间。A. difficult困难的；B. ordinary普通的；C. valuable有价值的、昂贵的；D. long长的。根据下文“I enjoy the little moments”可知，作者喜欢和祖父一起的美好瞬间。由此可知，作者认为这样的时光很宝贵。故选C。 IV.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (24-25高一下·湖北孝感·开学考试)In East China’s Anhui province, 20 2-meter-wide alley(巷) separates a pair of gray walls. At first glance it may seem insignificant, but to those 21 know its history, Liuchi Alley in Tongcheng symbolizes much more than its previous 22 (appear) would suggest. The alley’s name 23 (come) from the Chinese words for “six” and “chi”, a unit of length, due to its width. In the early Qing Dynasty, it served as the boundary between the Zhang and Wu families, both with prominent members in Emperor Kangxi’s court or other regions. However, the two families quarreled over the boundary and the right 24 (build) a wall. After 25 (fail) to get mediation from a regional official, the Zhangs wrote to Zhang Ying, a top official in the court. His response, 26 the form of a poem, didn’t support his family as expected. Instead, he asked his relatives to step back l meter from the boundary. 27 (move) by this, both families did so, and the alley 28 (form). This alley is often associated with tolerance, morality, and social order. Although the walls are replicas, people are still attracted by its story. To ordinary folk, the story is about how to get along with other people, while authorities think it can also function as a guideline for 29 (official). 【答案】 20. a 21. who 22. appearance 23. comes 24. to build 25. failing 26. in 27. Moved 28. was formed 29. officials 【导语】本文主要介绍了安徽省桐城一条六尺巷，由六尺巷的故事，人们学会如何与人相处，官员们认为它也可以作为对官员的指导。 20. 考查冠词。句意：在中国东部安徽省，一条2米宽的胡同把一对灰色的墙隔开。alley“小巷”是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，且2-meter-wide发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 21. 考查定语从句。句意：乍一看，它似乎微不足道，但对那些知道它的历史的人来说，桐城的六尺巷象征着比它以前的外观更重要的东西。“__________ know its history”是非限制性定语从句，先行词those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who，故填who。 22. 考查名词。句意：乍一看，它似乎微不足道，但对那些知道它的历史的人来说，桐城的六尺巷象征着比它以前的外观更重要的东西。its是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，appear的名词是appearance，此处指“它以前的外观”，因此用单数，故填appearance。 23. 考查时态。句意：这条胡同的名字来源于“六”和“尺”这两个中文单词，“六尺”指的是长度单位。陈述现在的事实，用一般现在时，主语name是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式comes。故填comes。 24. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，这两个家庭在边界和建墙的权利上发生了争吵。the right to do sth.固定搭配，意为“做某事的权力”，build用动词不定式形式作后置定语，故填to build。 25. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在未能得到地区官员的调解后，张家给朝廷的高级官员张英写信。After是介词，其后接动名词作宾语，fail的动名词是failing，故填failing。 26. 考查介词。句意：他的诗形式的回应，并没有像预期的那样支持他的家人。in the form of固定搭配，意为“以……的形式”，故填in。 27. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两个家庭都被感动了，他们这样做了，于是胡同形成了。move“感动”是及物动词，与句子主语both families是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，move的过去分词是Moved。句首单词首字母大写，故填Moved。 28. 考查时态和语态。句意：两个家庭都被感动了，他们这样做了，于是胡同形成了。讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时，form“形成”与主语the alley是被动关系，用被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态的构成为：was/were + 过去分词，主语the alley是第三人称单数，be动词用was，form的过去分词是formed，故填was formed。 29. 考查名词的数。句意：对于普通人来说，这个故事是关于如何与人相处，而当局认为它也可以作为对官员的指导。for是介词，其后接名词作宾语，official“官员”是可数名词，不止一个官员，因此用复数，故填officials。 V.应用文写作 (24-25高一下·湖南长沙·开学考试)寒假结束后，许多同学可能还沉浸在假期的放松状态中。请你以学生会的名义写一封倡议书，号召全校同学迅速调整状态，回归健康、规律的学习生活。字数要求：80词左右。 内容要点： 1.说明寒假结束后调整状态的重要性； 2.指出同学们可能存在的“假期综合症”问题； 3.提出具体的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Students, As the winter vacation comes to an end, many of us may still be immersed in the relaxed state of the holiday. However, it is crucial for us to adjust our state and return to a healthy and regular study life. Some of us may still be experiencing “holiday syndrome,” such as feeling tired, lacking motivation, and having difficulty concentrating. To help us overcome these issues, we should start by setting a regular sleep schedule, eating a balanced diet, and engaging in physical activities. Additionally, we can set achievable goals and break them down into smaller tasks to make them more manageable. Let’s work together to make a smooth transition back to our studies and achieve our goals this semester. The Student Union 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生以学生会的名义写一封倡议书，号召全校同学迅速调整状态，回归健康、规律的学习生活。 【详解】1.词汇积累 疲倦的：tired → exhausted 克服：overcome → get over 参加：engage in → participate in 实现某事：achieve sth. → make sth. come true 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To help us overcome these issues, we should start by setting a regular sleep schedule, eating a balanced diet, and engaging in physical activities. 拓展句：We should start by setting a regular sleep schedule, eating a balanced diet, and engaging in physical activities so that we can overcome these issues. 【点睛】 [高分句型1]As the winter vacation comes to an end, many of us may still be immersed in the relaxed state of the holiday.(运用了as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2]However, it is crucial for us to adjust our state and return to a healthy and regular study life.(运用了it形式主语和不定式是真正主语) 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$