(复习部分)专题03 构词法-【暑假自学课】2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

专题03 构词法 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 构词法 ( 考点一 合成法 )许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律，这种规律被称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。主要掌握合成法，转换法和词缀/派生法。 把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起，这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成不同词性，最常见的包括：名词合成词，形容词合成词，动词合成词。之间有的用连字符连接，有的直接连接在一起。 1. 合成名词 (1)名词/代词+名词 newspaper     blood-test       she-wolf (2)动词+名词 typewriter     pickpocket     daybreak (3)形容词+名词 greenhouse     highway (4)副词+名词 overcoat     outside (5)名词+v.-ing/ v.-ing+名词 handwriting     reading-room     freezing-point (6)动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词 breakthrough     get-together     outbreak     outcome (7)名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law     editor-in-chief 2. 合成形容词 (1)名词+形容词/形容词+名词 world-famous     duty-free     large-scale     long-term (2)副词+形容词 over-anxious     evergreen (3)名词+过去分词 man-made    sun-burnt (4)名词+现在分词 peace-loving     English-speaking (5)形容词+现在分词 good-looking     easy-going (6)副词+过去分词 well-informed     widespread (7)副词+现在分词 hardworking     far-reaching (8)形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted     absent-minded (9)数词+名词+ed three-legged     ten-storied (10)数词+名词 one-way     five-star (11)数词+名词+形容词 ten-year-old     800-meter-long (12)名词+to+名词 face-to-face     door-to-door 3. 合成动词 (1)名词+动词 baby-sit     sleepwalk (2)副词+动词 outnumber     underestimate     overwork (3)形容词+动词 whitewash 4. 合成副词 (1)形容词+名词 meanwhile     anyway (2)形容词+副词 everywhere     anyhow (3)副词+副词 however (4)介词+名词 beforehand     overhead (5)介词+副词 forever 5. 合成代词 (1)代词宾格+self/selves herself     themselves (2)物主代词+self/selves myself     yourselves (3)形容词+名词 anything     nothing 6. 合成介词 (1)副词+名词 inside     outside (2)介词+副词 without     within (3)副词+介词 into 1.(2025高一上·广东·期中)Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A. helpless B. eggplant C. hard-working D. sleepwalk 2. As we all know, words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, ________. A. collection B. lifeboat C. WTO D. exchange 3. Which of the following words is created the same way as sunflower! A. homework B. winner C. untidy D. musician 4. His _____ English is very good, because he is from Australia, an ________ country. A. spoken; English-spoken B. speaking; English-speaking C. spoken; English-speaking ( 考点二 转化法 )D. speaking; English-speaking 在词形不变的情况下，把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性，而没有加任何词缀，这种构词方法称为转换法。转换法种类很多，但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系，但有时差异也很大。 1. 动词转化为名词 try (v. 尝试→n. 尝试) read (v. 阅读→n. 阅读) swim (v. 游泳→n. 游泳) sigh (v. 叹气→n. 叹气) cry (v. 哭→n. 哭) shout (v. 呼喊→n. 呼喊) kiss (v. 吻→n. 吻) guess (v. 猜测→n. 猜测) 2. 名词转化为动词 chair(n. 椅子→ v. 主持) hand(n. 手→v. 上交) land(n. 土地→v. 着陆) cook(n. 厨师→v. 烹调) order(n. 命令→v. 订购) name(n. 名字→v. 取名) lift(n. 电梯→v. 举起) picture(n. 画→v. 描绘) press(n. 报刊→v. 挤压) nurse(n. 护士→v. 照料) smoke(n. 烟→v. 吸烟) stand(n. 看台→v. 站)  3. 形容词转化为动词 better(adj. 更好的→v. 改善) calm(adj. 安静的→v. 使安静) cool (adj. 凉快的→v. 冷却) spare(adj. 空闲的→v. 节省) own (adj. 自己的→v. 拥有) close(adj. 亲密的→v. 关闭) slow (adj. 慢的→v. 减慢) last (adj. 最后的→v. 持续) 4. 形容词转化为名词 cold(a. 冷的→n. 感冒) back(a. 后面的→n. 背部) quiet (a. 安静的→n. 恬静) calm (a. 平静的→n安静) 5. 形容词转化为副词 deep(a. 深的→ad. 深地) wide(a. 宽的→ad. 广泛地) hard(a. 困难的→ad. 努力地) well(a. 健康的→ad. 很好地) 6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词 must (motal verb 必须→n.必须) 1. The delay in delivery has put us to great (convenience). 2. His illness caused him to lose his ________(memorize). 3. Some comedians tell jokes about the way people ________(behavior). ( 考点三 词缀 / 派生法 )4. The first bubbles to escape from the liquid are a  ________(mix)of air and hydrogen. 在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法或词缀法。分为后缀法和前缀法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀，加在后面的词缀叫后缀。 1.前缀 (1)表示“否定”、“相反”意义的前缀： Ab- abnormal 不正常的 non- nonsense 胡言乱语； nonstop直达的；nonviolent非暴力的； de- decrease减少；decentralize分散；degrade降级，降低……的地位； dis- dislike不喜欢；disagree不同意；distrust不信任；disappear消失； il- illegal不合法的；illogical不合逻辑的；illegible不易辨认的； im- impossible不可能的；immoral不道德的；impractical不现实的； in- informal 非正式的 indirect adj. 间接的 un- unwilling 不情愿的； unbelievable 难以置信的；unnecessary 不必要的； mal- maltreat 虐待； malnutrition 营养不良； malfunction失灵 (2)表示时间先后的前缀 ex- ex-husband前夫；ex-president前总统； fore- foretell语言；foresight先见之明，预见；foresee预见，预知； mid- midterm其中的；midnight午夜； post- postwar战后的；postgraduate研究生；postdoctoral博士后的 (3)表示方向位置的前缀 ex- export出口；exclude把……排斥在外；external外部的； in- input输入；indoor室内的；inrush涌入；incoming进来的 (4)表示程度的前缀 extra- extraordinary非凡的，惊人的；extracurricular课程以外的； out- outnumber比……多；outrun超过，跑得比……快； sur- surpass超过，优于；surplus剩余的；surrealism超现实主义 (5)表示数量的前缀 bi- bilateral双边的，两边的；bipartisan两党的；bilingual两语的； mono- momocycle独轮车；monologue独白；mono-drama独角戏，单人剧； poly- poly-acid多酸的；polyclinic多科联合诊所；polycentric多中心的 (6)表示方式的前缀 anti- antiwar反战的；antifascist反法西斯的；antisocial反社会的； co- cooperation合作；coexist共存；co-prosperity共同繁荣； re- reconstruct重建；reform改革；rewrite重写 (7)其他常见前缀 auto- autobiography自传；autograph亲笔；automat自动售货机； bio- biography传记；biology生物学；biochemistry生物化学； bio-effect生物效应；biological clock生物钟；bio-chip生物芯片； eco- ecocide生态灭绝；eco-car生态汽车；eco-efficient生态效率； macro- macrobiotic长寿的；macro-climate大气候；macroeconomics宏观经济学 micro- microbiology微生物学；microbus小型公共汽车；microfilm缩微胶卷 2后缀 (1)构成人或者物的名词的后缀 -er thinker思想家；painkiller止痛药；cooker灶具；printer打印机；dishwasher洗碗机 -or actor演员；semiconductor半导体；monitor监视器；calculator计算机 -ist physicist物理学；dentist牙科医生； artist 艺术家 -(i)an politician(政治家)Italian (意大利人)American(美国人) -ese Chinese (中国人) Japanese(日本人) Vietnamese(越南人) -ant assistant(助手) contestant(竞争者) servant(仆人) -ory factory工厂；dormitory集体宿舍；laboratory实验室 -ics economics经济学；physics物理学；acoustics声学 -logy sociology社会学；biology生物学；archaeology考古 (2)构成表示行为、性质、状态等抽象名词的常用后缀有：-al, -tion, -sion, -ics, -ing, -ity, -ment, -ness, -th, -ure,等。 -ment argument争论；judgment判断；disappointment失望 -al arrival到达；refusal拒绝；survival幸存 -ance/-ence acceptance接受；assistance 帮助；dependence依靠 -tion/-sion discussion讨论；preparation准备；repetition 重复 -ness greatness 伟大；hardness 硬度；kindness善良 -th warmth温暖；length长度；growth成长 -ure failure失败；pressure压力；mixture 混合物 -ship friendship友谊；leadership领导；relationship关系 (3)构成形容词的后缀 -ful faithful忠实的；meaningful有意义的；painful疼痛的；fruitful富有成效的 -less fearless无畏的；useless无用的；helpless 无助的 -able acceptable可以接受的；applicable可适用的 -ive active积极的；decisive决定性的 -ant ignorant无知的；significant有重要意义的；important重要的 -ous famous著名的；continuous连续不断的；delicious 可口的 -ic historic有历史意义的；scientific科学的；electronic 电子的 -ly friendly友好的；lively活泼的；lovely 可爱的 -(t)y thirsty口渴的； noisy喧闹的； healthy 健康的 -ary secondary次要的； imaginary想象中的；ordinary 普通的 -en golden金色的； wooden木制的；woolen 毛纺的 (4)构成动词的后缀 -en widen使变宽；strengthen加强 -ize realize 实现 organize 组织 -(i)fy satisfy 满意；modify修饰；beautify 美化 (5)构成副词的后缀 -ly really真正地；happily幸福地；luckily幸运地 -ward forward向前；backward向后；westward向西 1. It’s (polite) to speak loudly in public. 2. I’m sorry for the caused by mistakes. Is it for you to come on Thursday? If not, you can come at your .(convenient) 3. Please accept our apologies for any (convenience) we have caused. 4. He has only been playing football as a ________(profession) for two years. 单项选择 1.(2025高一上·广东·期中)Which of the following words CAN’T form a new word with “-ship”? A. friend B. relation C. scholar D. business 单句语法填空 2. If you have been working hard, don’t be afraid to take a break and give yourself a well-________(deserve) pat on the back or to reflect on your goals. 按照单词构词法的规则写出单词的适当的形式 1. confirm v. 证实，证明→ n. 证实;确认 2. crowd n. 人群→ adj. 拥挤的 3. fail vi. & amp; vt. 失败;不及格;使失望→ n. 失败 4. aware adj. 意识到的;知道的→ adj. 未觉察到的，未意识到的→ n.知道，认识;意识 5. cloth n. 布→ n. 衣服→ n.(总称)衣服 6. wool n. 羊毛，毛织物→ adj. 羊毛的 7. bleed v. 流血→ n. 流血，失血→ n. 血 8. injure vt. 损害;伤害→ n. 伤，损害 9. permit v. 允许，准许，许可→ n. 许可;允许 10. relate v. 相联系，有关联;讲述→ n. 关系，联系;亲属;亲戚→ n. 关系;关联 11. astonish v. 使吃惊，使惊讶→ adj. 感到惊讶的→ adj. 令人感到惊讶的→ n. 惊讶 12. gradual adj. 逐渐的→ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 13. surround v. 环绕，围绕→ adj. 周围的;附近的→ n.(复)周围的事物;环境 14. deep adj. 深的→ v. 加深→ n. 深，深度 15. mass+ive=adj. 16. art+ist=n. 17. clean+up=n. 18. dis+appear=vi. 19. foot+print=n. 20. no(无)+where(哪里)→ adv. 无处;任何地方都不 21. other(以其他方式)+wise(明智的)→ adv. 否则;另外 22. helicopterist n. 直升机驾驶员→ n. [航] 直升飞机 23. mid(中间的;中央的)+night(夜晚)→ n. 午夜 24. threaten vt. 威胁;恐吓→ n. 威胁，恐吓 25. propertyless adj.无财产的→ n. 性质，性能;财产 26. sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→ adv. 足够地，充足地 27. sheltery adj. 庇护的，遮盖的→ n. 庇护;避难所 28. n. 样本，样品→vt. 品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 29. n. 估计，估算→vt. 估计，估算 30. vt. 造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等)→n.(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 31. base(基础)+line(线)→ n.(医学或科学中的)基线，准线 32. wide(广泛地)+spread(传播)→ adj. 分布广的，广泛流传的 33. out(出来)+break(突破)→ n.(战争)爆发；(疾病)暴发，突然发生 34. under(在……下面)+line(线)→ vt. 强调，使突出；在……之下画线 提升练习 I.阅读下面短文，分析并写出加黑单词的构词法。 Last weekend 1 , I was traveling home from business. It was too late, so I decided to go to a hotel near the bus stop. At the entrance to the hotel, I met a man who was disabled 2 , and I made up my mind to offer him some help. He spoke to me and explained his past life when he was healthy 3 . He had worked in a car factory for five years. Then an accident left him disabled. While listening to his story I realized that he had experienced 4 a lot in his life. I told him that although he was physically 5 disabled, his heart was strong, and he could always depend on it. I offered him some money to buy food and drinks 6 and then he went home. I have learnt that if you say a few good words and offer a little help to others, it will not only bring happiness 7 to you, but it will also be in people’s hearts forever. II.从下面两组单词中各选择一个单词合成一个新单词(每个单词限用一次) sun, free, worth, child, over, through, pan, down, space, world ship, way, come, light, hood, out, town, cake, wide, while Ⅲ.阅读理解 (2025学年高一上·江苏无锡·开学考试)Educational technology such as apps can help students with time management, study skills, homework and more. Below is a list of apps for college students advised by educational technology experts(专家). The need of every student is different and experts suggest that students try out several apps to find the right one. Unless costs are mentioned in the app descriptions below, these learning tools are free to users: Blackboard App. A popular learning management system, Blackboard is used at many colleges across the U.S. It allows students to get coursework for online classes or in-person classes. Students can complete homework and tests, view grades and more. Duolingo. Advertising itself as “the world’s best way to learn a language”, Duolingo offers lessons in more than 35 languages, helping users with speaking, reading, listening, writing, grammar and vocabulary. Duolingo offers both free and paid versions, the second one with a free-advertisement experience and off line way to lessons. Evernote. A note taking and task management system that offers the ability to sync (同步) across it. Evernote allows users to create to-do lists and change documents into a digital (数字) form through a camera. Evernote is free, though a top version costs $7.99 a month or $69.99 a year. College mobile apps. Apps specially designed for college students have become fairly common among U.S. college students. While these apps may be different college by college, users can often find school maps, news, safety information, important events and more. 1. Which app will you use if you want to make a to-do list? A. Blackboard App. B. Duolingo. C. Evernote. D. College mobile apps. 2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “versions”? A. Views. B. Forms. C. Things. D. Series. 3. What do the apps have in common (共同处)? A. They cannot be used continuously unless paid. B. They can help college students learn better. C. They have different versions for college students. D. They have been quite popular among college students. Ⅳ.完形填空 (2025高一上·江苏宿迁·期末)Every child got a part in our annual pageant(盛会). I always wanted to be 4 to play Mary—the star of the show. This year, when Pastor Buckley chose some other girl as Mary—again—and gave me a 5 to open with, I got down to learning it right away. Maybe I wouldn’t be the star, but if I worked hard enough, I could come 6 . Surely reciting(背诵) a poem alone at the microphone would get the audience’s 7 . “Gentle Jesus...” I 8 as I lay in bed at night. “Look upon a little child...” I mumbled(咕哝) into the bathroom mirror with my mouth full of toothpaste. I 9 myself on stage, the audience clapping. On the big night, during the first half, I recited the poem 10 . Suddenly, my mind went 11 . I stood there for what seemed like forever before returning to my seat with 12 . So much for being a(n) 13 . I was hardly aware of the pageant that followed. But when Mr. Buckley announced it was over, the 14 words came to me out of nowhere. “I remember!” I 15 . Mr. Buckley looked my way and 16 . He reintroduced me. I took my 17 on stage, and recited the poem from start to finish. The room burst into thunderous applause, not just for my recitation, many told me later, but for my 18 in trying again. 4. A. forced B. reminded C. chosen D. advised 5. A. joke B. song C. poem D. speech 6. A. close B. over C. down D. around 7. A. inspiration B. concern C. impression D. attention 8. A. rested B. practised C. listened D. reflected 9. A. pictured B. challenged C. taught D. concentrated 10. A. shyly B. occasionally C. fluently D. nervously 11. A. wild B. smooth C. wrong D. blank 12. A. shame B. interest C. shock D. confidence 13. A. player B. star C. actor D. artist 14. A. lost B. new C. written D. simple 15. A. added B. cried C. warned D. insisted 16. A. stopped B. nodded C. shook D. waited 17. A. turn B. offer C. place D. duty 18. A. anxiety B. honesty C. generosity D. bravery V.语法填空 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 (2025高一上·江苏无锡·开学考试)It looks like Disney has done it again! Pinocchio is just the latest of the company’s cartoon classics, 19 will be adapted into a live-action(真人版) film. Like Disney’s previous live-action adaptations, the creators have honored the original while making changes based   20 the original source. The hand-drawn 1940 film Pinocchio was 21 (original) adapted from the classic Italian novel written in the 1800s. 22 the book and original movie are quite different, they both follow the adventures of the wooden boy Pinocchio. The original tale   23 (mean) to teach children lessons on morality(道德). The 24 (creator) also made sure to keep the beloved characters from the 1940 film. Many familiar faces such as Pinocchio’s loving father, the wise Jiminy Cricket will appear. Besides, several actors with previous Disney films 25 (accept) some of these characters recently. Before you start to worry that this film will be just a copy of the original, let’s go over its differences. One change to the story is the addition of a new character—Sofia the Seagull. 26 change to the story is made by an actor who is not new to Disney live-action adaptations. According to him, his character plays a bigger and 27 (frightening) role in this film than in the 1940 tale. He’s an unusual creature. To see Pinocchio’s puppet brought to life in this exciting 28 (adapt), you can catch it on Disney this month! 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 构词法 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 构词法 许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律，这种规律被称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。主要掌握合成法，转换法和词缀/派生法。 把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起，这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成不同词性，最常见的包括：名词合成词，形容词合成词，动词合成词。之间有的用连字符连接，有的直接连接在一起。 1. 合成名词 (1)名词/代词+名词 newspaper     blood-test       she-wolf (2)动词+名词 typewriter     pickpocket     daybreak (3)形容词+名词 greenhouse     highway (4)副词+名词 overcoat     outside (5)名词+v.-ing/ v.-ing+名词 handwriting     reading-room     freezing-point (6)动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词 breakthrough     get-together     outbreak     outcome (7)名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law     editor-in-chief 2. 合成形容词 (1)名词+形容词/形容词+名词 world-famous     duty-free     large-scale     long-term (2)副词+形容词 over-anxious     evergreen (3)名词+过去分词 man-made    sun-burnt (4)名词+现在分词 peace-loving     English-speaking (5)形容词+现在分词 good-looking     easy-going (6)副词+过去分词 well-informed     widespread (7)副词+现在分词 hardworking     far-reaching (8)形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted     absent-minded (9)数词+名词+ed three-legged     ten-storied (10)数词+名词 one-way     five-star (11)数词+名词+形容词 ten-year-old     800-meter-long (12)名词+to+名词 face-to-face     door-to-door 3. 合成动词 (1)名词+动词 baby-sit     sleepwalk (2)副词+动词 outnumber     underestimate     overwork (3)形容词+动词 whitewash 4. 合成副词 (1)形容词+名词 meanwhile     anyway (2)形容词+副词 everywhere     anyhow (3)副词+副词 however (4)介词+名词 beforehand     overhead (5)介词+副词 forever 5. 合成代词 (1)代词宾格+self/selves herself     themselves (2)物主代词+self/selves myself     yourselves (3)形容词+名词 anything     nothing 6. 合成介词 (1)副词+名词 inside     outside (2)介词+副词 without     within (3)副词+介词 into 1.(2025高一上·广东·期中)Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A. helpless B. eggplant C. hard-working D. sleepwalk 【答案】A 【详解】考查构词法。题干询问哪一项不是复合词，A项helpless不是复合词，less是后缀；B项eggplant是由egg和plant组合而成的名词；C项hard-working是由hard和working组合而成的形容词；D项sleepwalk是由sleep和walk组合而成的动词。故选A。 2. As we all know, words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, ________. A. collection B. lifeboat C. WTO D. exchange 【答案】B 【详解】考查复合词。句意：我们都知道，由其他单词组合而成的单词被称为复合词，例如。根据句意，复合词是由两个或两个以上的单词组合而成的单词，选项B. lifeboat是由单词“life”(生命)和“boat”(船)组合而成的，意为“救生船”，属于复合词。故选B。 3. Which of the following words is created the same way as sunflower! A. homework B. winner C. untidy D. musician 【答案】A 【详解】考查构词法。句意：以下哪个词的创造方式与sunflower相同！根据题干可知，sunflower是合成词，由“sun”+“flower”两个单词合成。再看选项，A选项中homework是由“home”+“work”两个单词合成，与sunflower构词形式一样。故选A项。 4. His _____ English is very good, because he is from Australia, an ________ country. A. spoken; English-spoken B. speaking; English-speaking C. spoken; English-speaking D. speaking; English-speaking 【答案】C ( 考点二考点一 转化法合成法 )【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的英语口语很好，因为他来自澳大利亚，一个讲英语的国家。spoken English为固定词组，意为“英语口语”，形容词spoken作定语；English-speaking country为固定词组，意为“讲英语的国家”，复合形容词English-speaking作定语。故选C。 在词形不变的情况下，把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性，而没有加任何词缀，这种构词方法称为转换法。转换法种类很多，但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系，但有时差异也很大。 1. 动词转化为名词 try (v. 尝试→n. 尝试) read (v. 阅读→n. 阅读) swim (v. 游泳→n. 游泳) sigh (v. 叹气→n. 叹气) cry (v. 哭→n. 哭) shout (v. 呼喊→n. 呼喊) kiss (v. 吻→n. 吻) guess (v. 猜测→n. 猜测) 2. 名词转化为动词 chair(n. 椅子→ v. 主持) hand(n. 手→v. 上交) land(n. 土地→v. 着陆) cook(n. 厨师→v. 烹调) order(n. 命令→v. 订购) name(n. 名字→v. 取名) lift(n. 电梯→v. 举起) picture(n. 画→v. 描绘) press(n. 报刊→v. 挤压) nurse(n. 护士→v. 照料) smoke(n. 烟→v. 吸烟) stand(n. 看台→v. 站)  3. 形容词转化为动词 better(adj. 更好的→v. 改善) calm(adj. 安静的→v. 使安静) cool (adj. 凉快的→v. 冷却) spare(adj. 空闲的→v. 节省) own (adj. 自己的→v. 拥有) close(adj. 亲密的→v. 关闭) slow (adj. 慢的→v. 减慢) last (adj. 最后的→v. 持续) 4. 形容词转化为名词 cold(a. 冷的→n. 感冒) back(a. 后面的→n. 背部) quiet (a. 安静的→n. 恬静) calm (a. 平静的→n安静) 5. 形容词转化为副词 deep(a. 深的→ad. 深地) wide(a. 宽的→ad. 广泛地) hard(a. 困难的→ad. 努力地) well(a. 健康的→ad. 很好地) 6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词 must (motal verb 必须→n.必须) 1. The delay in delivery has put us to great (convenience). 【答案】inconvenience 【详解】考查名词。句意：发货的延迟给我们带来了很大的不便。根据句意“发货延迟”会导致“不便”。根据形容词修饰名词，空前为形容词great,所以空处用名词作宾语。所以convenience 便利 变为 inconvenience 不便利。故填inconvenience. 2. His illness caused him to lose his ________(memorize). 【答案】memory 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的病使他失去了记忆。his是形容词性物主代词，后接名词；“记忆”memorize是动词，名词为memory(记忆)。 故填memory。 3. Some comedians tell jokes about the way people ________(behavior). 【答案】behave 【详解】考查定语从句的时态。句意：一些喜剧演员以人们的行为举止为题材讲笑话。the way是先行词，后面是定语从句，people后面少谓语，故用所给词的动词形式，由主句中的tell(一般现在时)再结合语境可知从句部分也用一般现在时，主语people，指人们，结合主谓一致可知，故填behave。 4. The first bubbles to escape from the liquid are a  ________(mix)of air and hydrogen. 【答案】mixture 【详解】考查名词。句意：首先从液体中逸出的气泡是空气和氢气的混合物。根据上文a可知应填单数名词mixture，表示“混合物”。故填mixture。 ( 考点三 词缀 / 派生法 ) 在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法或词缀法。分为后缀法和前缀法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀，加在后面的词缀叫后缀。 1.前缀 (1)表示“否定”、“相反”意义的前缀： Ab- abnormal 不正常的 non- nonsense 胡言乱语； nonstop直达的；nonviolent非暴力的； de- decrease减少；decentralize分散；degrade降级，降低……的地位； dis- dislike不喜欢；disagree不同意；distrust不信任；disappear消失； il- illegal不合法的；illogical不合逻辑的；illegible不易辨认的； im- impossible不可能的；immoral不道德的；impractical不现实的； in- informal 非正式的 indirect adj. 间接的 un- unwilling 不情愿的； unbelievable 难以置信的；unnecessary 不必要的； mal- maltreat 虐待； malnutrition 营养不良； malfunction失灵 (2)表示时间先后的前缀 ex- ex-husband前夫；ex-president前总统； fore- foretell语言；foresight先见之明，预见；foresee预见，预知； mid- midterm其中的；midnight午夜； post- postwar战后的；postgraduate研究生；postdoctoral博士后的 (3)表示方向位置的前缀 ex- export出口；exclude把……排斥在外；external外部的； in- input输入；indoor室内的；inrush涌入；incoming进来的 (4)表示程度的前缀 extra- extraordinary非凡的，惊人的；extracurricular课程以外的； out- outnumber比……多；outrun超过，跑得比……快； sur- surpass超过，优于；surplus剩余的；surrealism超现实主义 (5)表示数量的前缀 bi- bilateral双边的，两边的；bipartisan两党的；bilingual两语的； mono- momocycle独轮车；monologue独白；mono-drama独角戏，单人剧； poly- poly-acid多酸的；polyclinic多科联合诊所；polycentric多中心的 (6)表示方式的前缀 anti- antiwar反战的；antifascist反法西斯的；antisocial反社会的； co- cooperation合作；coexist共存；co-prosperity共同繁荣； re- reconstruct重建；reform改革；rewrite重写 (7)其他常见前缀 auto- autobiography自传；autograph亲笔；automat自动售货机； bio- biography传记；biology生物学；biochemistry生物化学； bio-effect生物效应；biological clock生物钟；bio-chip生物芯片； eco- ecocide生态灭绝；eco-car生态汽车；eco-efficient生态效率； macro- macrobiotic长寿的；macro-climate大气候；macroeconomics宏观经济学 micro- microbiology微生物学；microbus小型公共汽车；microfilm缩微胶卷 2后缀 (1)构成人或者物的名词的后缀 -er thinker思想家；painkiller止痛药；cooker灶具；printer打印机；dishwasher洗碗机 -or actor演员；semiconductor半导体；monitor监视器；calculator计算机 -ist physicist物理学；dentist牙科医生； artist 艺术家 -(i)an politician(政治家)Italian (意大利人)American(美国人) -ese Chinese (中国人) Japanese(日本人) Vietnamese(越南人) -ant assistant(助手) contestant(竞争者) servant(仆人) -ory factory工厂；dormitory集体宿舍；laboratory实验室 -ics economics经济学；physics物理学；acoustics声学 -logy sociology社会学；biology生物学；archaeology考古 (2)构成表示行为、性质、状态等抽象名词的常用后缀有：-al, -tion, -sion, -ics, -ing, -ity, -ment, -ness, -th, -ure,等。 -ment argument争论；judgment判断；disappointment失望 -al arrival到达；refusal拒绝；survival幸存 -ance/-ence acceptance接受；assistance 帮助；dependence依靠 -tion/-sion discussion讨论；preparation准备；repetition 重复 -ness greatness 伟大；hardness 硬度；kindness善良 -th warmth温暖；length长度；growth成长 -ure failure失败；pressure压力；mixture 混合物 -ship friendship友谊；leadership领导；relationship关系 (3)构成形容词的后缀 -ful faithful忠实的；meaningful有意义的；painful疼痛的；fruitful富有成效的 -less fearless无畏的；useless无用的；helpless 无助的 -able acceptable可以接受的；applicable可适用的 -ive active积极的；decisive决定性的 -ant ignorant无知的；significant有重要意义的；important重要的 -ous famous著名的；continuous连续不断的；delicious 可口的 -ic historic有历史意义的；scientific科学的；electronic 电子的 -ly friendly友好的；lively活泼的；lovely 可爱的 -(t)y thirsty口渴的； noisy喧闹的； healthy 健康的 -ary secondary次要的； imaginary想象中的；ordinary 普通的 -en golden金色的； wooden木制的；woolen 毛纺的 (4)构成动词的后缀 -en widen使变宽；strengthen加强 -ize realize 实现 organize 组织 -(i)fy satisfy 满意；modify修饰；beautify 美化 (5)构成副词的后缀 -ly really真正地；happily幸福地；luckily幸运地 -ward forward向前；backward向后；westward向西 1. It’s (polite) to speak loudly in public. 【答案】impolite 【详解】考查形容词和构词法。句意：在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。分析可知，所填应是形容词作表语。结合句意“to speak loudly in public(在公共场合大声讲话)”可知，这里应是“不礼貌的”。“polite”，形容词，意为“礼貌的”，其反义词为“impolite(不礼貌的；粗鲁的)”。故填impolite。 2. I’m sorry for the caused by mistakes. Is it for you to come on Thursday? If not, you can come at your .(convenient) 【答案】inconvenience; convenient; convenience 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：很抱歉由于失误给您带来的不便。你星期四来这里方便吗？如果不方便，你可以在你方便的时候来。空1为名词作宾语，根据句意和语境可知意为“不方便”，用inconvenience；空2为形容词作表语，根据句意和语境可知意为“方便的”，用convenient；空3为名词作宾语，根据句意和语境可知意为“方便”，用convenience，故填inconvenience；convenient；convenience。 3. Please accept our apologies for any (convenience) we have caused. 【答案】inconvenience 【详解】考查名词。句意：对于给您带来的不便，请接受我们的道歉。any修饰名词，作介词for的宾语，根据句意，不可数名词inconvenience (不便)作宾语，符合句意。故填inconvenience。 4. He has only been playing football as a ________(profession) for two years. 【答案】professional 【详解】考查名词。句意：他作为职业球员只踢了两年足球。根据句意和as a可知，此处应用其派生名词professional“专业人员”的单数形式作as的宾语。故填professional。 单项选择 1.(2025高一上·广东·期中)Which of the following words CAN’T form a new word with “-ship”? A. friend B. relation C. scholar D. business 【答案】D 【详解】考查词的构成。句意：下列哪个单词不能与“-ship”组成一个新词？A. friend + -ship = friendship(友谊)；B. relation + -ship = relationship(关系)；C. scholar + -ship = scholarship(奖学金)；D. business + -ship = businessship(此词不存在)故选D项。 单句语法填空 2. If you have been working hard, don’t be afraid to take a break and give yourself a well-________(deserve) pat on the back or to reflect on your goals. 【答案】deserved 【详解】考查形容词和构词法。句意：如果你一直在努力工作，不要害怕休息一下，给自己一个当之无愧的表扬，或者反思你的目标。分析可知，“well- __________ (deserve)”应是形容词，在名词短语“a pat on the back(表扬，赞许)”中作定语。“deserve”，动词，意为“值得，应受”，其过去分词形式“deserved”可作形容词，意为“应得的；理所当然的；该受的”，与“well”构成合成词“well-deserved(当之无愧的)”，形容词，符合句意和分析。故填deserved。 按照单词构词法的规则写出单词的适当的形式 1. confirm v. 证实，证明→ n. 证实;确认 2. crowd n. 人群→ adj. 拥挤的 3. fail vi. & amp; vt. 失败;不及格;使失望→ n. 失败 4. aware adj. 意识到的;知道的→ adj. 未觉察到的，未意识到的→ n.知道，认识;意识 5. cloth n. 布→ n. 衣服→ n.(总称)衣服 6. wool n. 羊毛，毛织物→ adj. 羊毛的 7. bleed v. 流血→ n. 流血，失血→ n. 血 8. injure vt. 损害;伤害→ n. 伤，损害 9. permit v. 允许，准许，许可→ n. 许可;允许 10. relate v. 相联系，有关联;讲述→ n. 关系，联系;亲属;亲戚→ n. 关系;关联 11. astonish v. 使吃惊，使惊讶→ adj. 感到惊讶的→ adj. 令人感到惊讶的→ n. 惊讶 12. gradual adj. 逐渐的→ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 13. surround v. 环绕，围绕→ adj. 周围的;附近的→ n.(复)周围的事物;环境 14. deep adj. 深的→ v. 加深→ n. 深，深度 15. mass+ive=adj. 16. art+ist=n. 17. clean+up=n. 18. dis+appear=vi. 19. foot+print=n. 20. no(无)+where(哪里)→ adv. 无处;任何地方都不 21. other(以其他方式)+wise(明智的)→ adv. 否则;另外 22. helicopterist n. 直升机驾驶员→ n. [航] 直升飞机 23. mid(中间的;中央的)+night(夜晚)→ n. 午夜 24. threaten vt. 威胁;恐吓→ n. 威胁，恐吓 25. propertyless adj.无财产的→ n. 性质，性能;财产 26. sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→ adv. 足够地，充足地 27. sheltery adj. 庇护的，遮盖的→ n. 庇护;避难所 28. n. 样本，样品→vt. 品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 29. n. 估计，估算→vt. 估计，估算 30. vt. 造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等)→n.(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 31. base(基础)+line(线)→ n.(医学或科学中的)基线，准线 32. wide(广泛地)+spread(传播)→ adj. 分布广的，广泛流传的 33. out(出来)+break(突破)→ n.(战争)爆发；(疾病)暴发，突然发生 34. under(在……下面)+line(线)→ vt. 强调，使突出；在……之下画线 答案：1. confirmation 2. crowded 3. failure 4. unaware; awareness 5. clothes; clothing 6. woolen 7. bleeding; blood 8. injury 9. permission 10. relation; relationship 11. astonished; astonishing; astonishment 12. gradually 13. surrounding; surroundings 14. deepen; depth 15. massive 大量的；巨大的 16. artist 艺术家 17. cleanup 清扫；清除 18. disappear 消失 19. footprint 足迹，脚印 20. nowhere 21. otherwise 22. helicopter 23. midnight 24. threat 25. property 26. sufficiently 27. shelter 28. sample 29. estimate 30. pose 31. baseline 32. widespread 33. outbreak 34. underline 提升练习 I.阅读下面短文，分析并写出加黑单词的构词法。 Last weekend 1 , I was traveling home from business. It was too late, so I decided to go to a hotel near the bus stop. At the entrance to the hotel, I met a man who was disabled 2 , and I made up my mind to offer him some help. He spoke to me and explained his past life when he was healthy 3 . He had worked in a car factory for five years. Then an accident left him disabled. While listening to his story I realized that he had experienced 4 a lot in his life. I told him that although he was physically 5 disabled, his heart was strong, and he could always depend on it. I offered him some money to buy food and drinks 6 and then he went home. I have learnt that if you say a few good words and offer a little help to others, it will not only bring happiness 7 to you, but it will also be in people’s hearts forever. 【答案】1. 合成法 2. 派生法 3. 派生法 4. 转化法 5. 派生法 6. 转化法 II.从下面两组单词中各选择一个单词合成一个新单词(每个单词限用一次) sun, free, worth, child, over, through, pan, down, space, world ship, way, come, light, hood, out, town, cake, wide, while 【答案】 1. sun+light→sunlight 2. free+way→freeway 3. worth+while→worthwhile 4. child+hood→childhood 5. over+come→overcome 6. through+out→throughout 7. pan+cake→pancake 8. down+town→downtown 9. space+ship→spaceship 10. world+wide→worldwide 【详解】考查合成词。 1.sun与light可以合成sunlight，表示“阳光”； 2. free与way可以合成freeway，表示“高速公路”； 3.worth与while可以合成worthwhile，表示“值得的”； 4. child与hood可以合成childhood，表示“童年”； 5. over与come可以合成overcome，表示“克服”； 6. through与out可以合成throughout，表示“到处，遍及”； 7.pan与cake可以合成pancake，表示“薄饼”； 8. down与town可以合成downtown，表示“商业区”； 9. space与ship可以合成spaceship，表示“宇宙飞船”； 10. world与wide可以合成worldwide，表示“世界范围的”。 Ⅲ.阅读理解 (2025学年高一上·江苏无锡·开学考试)Educational technology such as apps can help students with time management, study skills, homework and more. Below is a list of apps for college students advised by educational technology experts(专家). The need of every student is different and experts suggest that students try out several apps to find the right one. Unless costs are mentioned in the app descriptions below, these learning tools are free to users: Blackboard App. A popular learning management system, Blackboard is used at many colleges across the U.S. It allows students to get coursework for online classes or in-person classes. Students can complete homework and tests, view grades and more. Duolingo. Advertising itself as “the world’s best way to learn a language”, Duolingo offers lessons in more than 35 languages, helping users with speaking, reading, listening, writing, grammar and vocabulary. Duolingo offers both free and paid versions, the second one with a free-advertisement experience and off line way to lessons. Evernote. A note taking and task management system that offers the ability to sync (同步) across it. Evernote allows users to create to-do lists and change documents into a digital (数字) form through a camera. Evernote is free, though a top version costs $7.99 a month or $69.99 a year. College mobile apps. Apps specially designed for college students have become fairly common among U.S. college students. While these apps may be different college by college, users can often find school maps, news, safety information, important events and more. 1. Which app will you use if you want to make a to-do list? A. Blackboard App. B. Duolingo. C. Evernote. D. College mobile apps. 2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “versions”? A. Views. B. Forms. C. Things. D. Series. 3. What do the apps have in common (共同处)? A. They cannot be used continuously unless paid. B. They can help college students learn better. C. They have different versions for college students. D. They have been quite popular among college students. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款适合大学生使用的应用程序，分别是Blackboard App、Duolingo、Evernote和College mobile apps。 1. 细节理解题。根据Evernote部分的“Evernote allows users to create to-do lists and change documents into a digital (数字) form through a camera.(Evernote允许用户创建待办事项列表，并通过摄像头将文档转换为数字化形式)”可知，如果想创建待办事项列表，你可以使用Evernote。故选C项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“the second one with a free-advertisement experience and off line way to lessons (第二种提供无广告体验和离线学习课程的功能)”可知，此处介绍Duolingo软件提供的第二种类型的特点，再结合画线词的上文“both free and paid (免费的和付费的)”可推知，该软件是提供两种不同的版本，画线词的意思是“版本，样式”，与Forms“样式，形式”意思一致。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Educational technology such as apps can help students with time management, study skills, homework and more. Below is a list of apps for college students advised by educational technology experts (专家).(教育技术，例如应用程序，可以帮助学生进行时间管理、学习技能、完成作业等。以下是教育技术专家为大学生推荐的应用程序列表)”可知，这些应用程序都旨在帮助大学生学习或管理学习任务。因此，它们的共同点是帮助大学生更好地学习。故选B项。 Ⅳ.完形填空 (2025高一上·江苏宿迁·期末)Every child got a part in our annual pageant(盛会). I always wanted to be 4 to play Mary—the star of the show. This year, when Pastor Buckley chose some other girl as Mary—again—and gave me a 5 to open with, I got down to learning it right away. Maybe I wouldn’t be the star, but if I worked hard enough, I could come 6 . Surely reciting(背诵) a poem alone at the microphone would get the audience’s 7 . “Gentle Jesus...” I 8 as I lay in bed at night. “Look upon a little child...” I mumbled(咕哝) into the bathroom mirror with my mouth full of toothpaste. I 9 myself on stage, the audience clapping. On the big night, during the first half, I recited the poem 10 . Suddenly, my mind went 11 . I stood there for what seemed like forever before returning to my seat with 12 . So much for being a(n) 13 . I was hardly aware of the pageant that followed. But when Mr. Buckley announced it was over, the 14 words came to me out of nowhere. “I remember!” I 15 . Mr. Buckley looked my way and 16 . He reintroduced me. I took my 17 on stage, and recited the poem from start to finish. The room burst into thunderous applause, not just for my recitation, many told me later, but for my 18 in trying again. 4. A. forced B. reminded C. chosen D. advised 5. A. joke B. song C. poem D. speech 6. A. close B. over C. down D. around 7. A. inspiration B. concern C. impression D. attention 8. A. rested B. practised C. listened D. reflected 9. A. pictured B. challenged C. taught D. concentrated 10. A. shyly B. occasionally C. fluently D. nervously 11. A. wild B. smooth C. wrong D. blank 12. A. shame B. interest C. shock D. confidence 13. A. player B. star C. actor D. artist 14. A. lost B. new C. written D. simple 15. A. added B. cried C. warned D. insisted 16. A. stopped B. nodded C. shook D. waited 17. A. turn B. offer C. place D. duty 18. A. anxiety B. honesty C. generosity D. bravery 【答案】 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. C 18. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述作者在学校的年度盛会中没有被选为主角，而是被安排朗诵诗歌。在正式表演时，他忘记了诗歌内容，但之后鼓起勇气再次上台朗诵，最终赢得了观众的热烈掌声和赞赏。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直想被选中扮演玛丽——这场表演的主角。A. forced迫使；B. reminded提醒；C. chosen选择；D. advised建议。根据后文“the star of the show”以及“Pastor Buckley chose some other girl as Mary”可知，作者一直希望被选中扮演这场演出的主角玛丽。故选C项。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年，当巴克利牧师再次选了另一个女孩扮演玛丽，并且给了我一首诗来开场时，我马上就开始学习了。A. joke笑话；B. song歌曲；C. poem诗；D. speech演讲。根据后文“I recited the poem”可知，巴克利牧师给了作者一首诗来开场。故选C项。 6. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：也许我不会成为主角，但如果我足够努力，我可以接近成功。A.(come) close接近；B.(come) over顺便来访；C.(come) down下来；D.(come) around苏醒。根据前文“Maybe I wouldn’t be the star”以及“if I worked hard enough”可知，作者虽然没成为主角，但是认为自己如果足够努力，也可以接近成功。故选A项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，独自在麦克风前朗诵一首诗会吸引观众的注意力。A. inspiration灵感；B. concern关心；C. impression印象；D. attention注意。根据最后一段中“The room burst into thunderous applause”可知，作者独自朗诵诗歌吸引了观众的注意力，赢得了他们的掌声。故选D项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“温柔的耶稣……” 我晚上躺在床上练习。A. rested休息；B. practised练习；C. listened听；D. reflected反思。根据后文““Look upon a little child...””可知，作者晚上躺在床上时，心里练习着诗歌。故选B项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想象着自己站在舞台上，观众在鼓掌。A. pictured想象；B. challenged挑战；C. taught教；D. concentrated集中。根据后文“myself on stage, the audience clapping”可知，作者想象自己站在舞台上的画面，受到观众鼓掌的画面。故选A项。 10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在那个重要的夜晚，前半场，我流利地朗诵了那首诗。A. shyly害羞地；B. occasionally偶尔地；C. fluently流利地；D. nervously紧张地。根据后文“Suddenly, my mind went  ___11___. I stood there for what seemed like forever可知，作者原本朗诵诗歌很流利，但是突然忘记了。故选C项。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，我的大脑一片空白。A. wild野的；B. smooth光滑的；C. wrong错误的；D. blank空白的。根据后文“I stood there for what seemed like forever”可知，作者突然忘记了诗歌的内容，大脑一片空白。故选D项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我站在那里，感觉过了很久才带着羞愧回到自己的座位上。A. shame羞愧；B. interest兴趣；C. shock震惊；D. confidence自信。根据前文“my mind went ___11___”可知，作者忘记了诗歌内容，没能在舞台上好好表现，所以感到羞愧。故选A项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是成为主角的代价。A. player运动员；B. star主角；C. actor演员；D. artist艺术家。根据前文“I always wanted to be ___4___ to play Mary—the star of the show”可知，作者一直想成为这场演出的主角，但是忘记诗歌内容让他意识到自己可能不适合当主角。故选B项。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当巴克利先生宣布结束时，我突然想起了那些失而复得的词。A. lost丢失的；B. new新的；C. written书面的；D. simple简单的。根据前文“my mind went ___11___”以及后文“I remember!”可知，作者原本忘记了诗歌内容，但是现在突然又想起来了，那些词就像是失而复得一样。故选A项。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我记得！”我叫道。A. added增加；B. cried喊叫；C. warned警告；D. insisted坚持。根据前文“the ___14___ words came to me out of nowhere”以及“‘I remember!’”可知，作者想起了诗歌内容，于是激动地喊道。故选B项。 16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：巴克利先生朝我这边看，点了点头。A. stopped停止；B. nodded点头；C. shook摇晃；D. waited等待。根据前文“Mr. Buckley looked my way”以及后文“He reintroduced me”可知，巴克利先生朝着作者这边看，示意点了点头，让作者再次上台。故选B项。 17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我走上舞台(站到自己的位置)，从头至尾朗诵了那首诗。A. turn轮流；B. offer提议；C. place位置；D. duty责任。根据前文“He reintroduced me”以及“and recited the poem from start to finish”可知，巴克利先生重新介绍了作者，让作者再一次上台表演，作者走上舞台，找到自己的位置，从头至尾朗诵了那首诗。故选C项。 18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：房间里响起了雷鸣般的掌声，很多人后来告诉我，这不仅仅是因为我的朗诵，更是因为我再试一次的勇气。A. anxiety焦虑；B. honesty诚实；C. generosity慷慨；D. bravery勇敢。根据前文“I took my ___17___ on stage, and recited the poem from start to finish”以及后文“in trying again”可知，作者勇敢地再次上台朗诵诗歌，赢得了观众的掌声。故选D项。 V.语法填空 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 (2025高一上·江苏无锡·开学考试)It looks like Disney has done it again! Pinocchio is just the latest of the company’s cartoon classics, 19 will be adapted into a live-action(真人版) film. Like Disney’s previous live-action adaptations, the creators have honored the original while making changes based   20 the original source. The hand-drawn 1940 film Pinocchio was 21 (original) adapted from the classic Italian novel written in the 1800s. 22 the book and original movie are quite different, they both follow the adventures of the wooden boy Pinocchio. The original tale   23 (mean) to teach children lessons on morality(道德). The 24 (creator) also made sure to keep the beloved characters from the 1940 film. Many familiar faces such as Pinocchio’s loving father, the wise Jiminy Cricket will appear. Besides, several actors with previous Disney films 25 (accept) some of these characters recently. Before you start to worry that this film will be just a copy of the original, let’s go over its differences. One change to the story is the addition of a new character—Sofia the Seagull. 26 change to the story is made by an actor who is not new to Disney live-action adaptations. According to him, his character plays a bigger and 27 (frightening) role in this film than in the 1940 tale. He’s an unusual creature. To see Pinocchio’s puppet brought to life in this exciting 28 (adapt), you can catch it on Disney this month! 【答案】 19. which 20. on 21. originally 22. Although/Though/While 23. was meant 24. creators 25. have accepted 26. Another 27. more frightening 28. Adaptation 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了迪士尼将经典动画《匹诺曹》改编成真人版电影的相关情况。 19. 考查定语从句。句意：《匹诺曹》是该公司最新的经典卡通作品，将被改编成真人电影。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “the company’s cartoon classics”，指物且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 20. 考查固定短语。句意：就像迪士尼之前的真人版改编电影一样，创作者们在尊重原著的同时，也在原著的基础上做出了一些改变。based on为固定短语，意为“以……为基础，根据”。故填on。 21. 考查副词。句意：1940年的手绘电影《匹诺曹》最初改编自19世纪的经典意大利小说。修饰动词 “adapted”，要用副词形式。original 是形容词，其副词形式为 originally，意为 “最初；起初”。故填originally。 22. 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然原著和原版电影大不相同，但它们都讲述了木偶男孩皮诺奇的冒险故事。根据句意可知，前后句之间是让步关系，所以用 连词Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句，位于句首。故填Although/Though/While。 23. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：最初的故事是为了给孩子们上道德课。句子主语“The original tale”与“mean”之间是被动关系，be meant to do sth. 意为 “旨在做某事；目的是做某事”，结合语境，这里描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用 was。故填was meant。 24. 考查名词复数形式。句意：创作者还确保保留了1940年电影中受人喜爱的角色。creator 是可数名词，意为“创作者”，结合句意可知，此处应表示不止一个创作者，所以为名词复数形式，其复数形式为 creators。故填creators。 25. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：此外，几位先前迪士尼电影的演员最近也接受了这些角色。根据时间状语“recently”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，其结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”，主语“several actors”是复数，助动词用have，accept的过去分词是 accepted。故填have accepted。 26. 考查代词。句意：故事的另一个变化是由一位对迪士尼真人版改编并不陌生的演员做出的。根据前文“One change to the story is the addition of a new character — Sofia the Seagull.”可知，这里说的是故事的另一个变化，“one...another...” 表示 “一个……另一个……”。位于句首，故填Another。 27. 考查形容词比较级。句意：据他说，他的角色在这部电影中扮演的角色比1940年的故事更大，更可怕。根据“bigger and”以及“than in the 1940 tale”可知，此处应用比较级，frightening 是多音节形容词，其比较级是more frightening。故填more frightening。 28. 考查名词。句意：想要看到匹诺曹的木偶在这个令人兴奋的改编中被赋予生命，你可以在本月在迪斯尼看到它！根据前面的形容词“exciting”可知，此处应填名词形式作介词宾语，adapt是动词，意为“改编；适应”，其名词形式为 adaptation，意为“改编本；适应”。故填adaptation。 9 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$