Unit 3 Environmental Protection2025--2026学年下学期高二英语大单元章节讲解人教版选择性必修第三册

这是一份高中英语环保主题同步教学资料，围绕“环境保护”单元展开，包含Reading and Thinking（气候变暖分析）、Using Language（环境治理案例）、知识框架思维导图（污染类型等）、重点词汇句型、直接引语间接引语语法、环境报告写作指导及高考考向对接，为学生提供系统学习支架。 资料特色突出核心素养培养，语言能力上通过生态词汇、论证句型及报告写作框架提升表达准确性，文化意识融入中外环保案例（如漓江治理、伦敦雾霾）传递人类命运共同体理念，思维品质引导学生构建“问题-成因-建议”逻辑链，学习能力层面设易错词汇辨析和高考题型对接。适合高中各年级，帮助学生夯实基础、提升环保责任意识，为教师提供高效教学资源。

Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元回顾 Reading and Thinking：该部分活动主题是“关注气候变化，守护地球家园”。探讨全球气候变暖的表现、成因、连锁后果及全球应对的紧迫性，帮助学生掌握生态环保类核心词汇与论证类重点句型，探讨人类活动对气候的影响及可持续发展路径。课文《Climate Change Requires the World's Attention》以科学数据与实例（如北极熊饿死）佐证全球变暖事实，阐释自然与人为温室效应的原理，剖析极端天气、海平面上升等恶果，呼吁全球协作减排、践行环保，凸显人类命运共同体理念。配套练习巩固ecology、starve等词汇，助力学生读懂说明文，熟练阐述环境问题的成因与应对策略。​ Using Language：该部分活动主题是“聚焦环境治理，践行绿色行动”。内容以多模态语篇（听力 + 阅读）为载体，涵盖伦敦雾霾事件、中国漓江治理案例，记录了中外应对大气、水污染的历程与成效，传达了“政府主导、全民参与、科学施策”的环保理念，介绍了“河长制”、“水十条”政策举措及污染治理的具体方法，展现了环境修复后的生态之美。此外，通过“撰写环保问题报告”，引导学生掌握报告类文本结构与写作技巧，结合身边环境问题开展调研，撰写问题分析与解决方案报告，培养信息整合、书面表达与问题解决能力，增强环保责任意识，树立“人与自然和谐共生”的可持续发展理念。​ 本单元以“环保”为主题 >>> 目录 01 单元复习双向细目表 02 单元知识框架思维导图 03 重难易错突破清零 04 情景素养考向对接 >>> 01 单元复习双向细目表 序号 单元核心知识模块 新课标学业质量要求 单元核心 复习目标 达标层级 （3 级） 高考对接 考向 学生掌握 情况自查 1 环境问题成因与全球影响 能借助文本与生活实例，梳理环境保护的核心议题，分析气候变化、环境污染的成因与连锁影响，描述人类活动与生态系统的相互作用及治理路径 理清全球气候变化、环境污染的成因与危害；掌握温室效应、碳排放等核心概念，理解个人行为、工业发展对环境的影响；能结合实例，分析环境问题的连锁效应并提出科学的环保建议 □基础达标 □能力提升 □素养拓展 环保主题语篇主旨概括、细节信息判断、观点态度推断、生态类话题语用 □未掌握 □部分掌握 □完全掌握 2 环保核心词汇短语 能理解并运用环境保护、生态治理相关的核心词汇与短语，描述环境问题、环保举措与可持续发展理念 熟练掌握restrict、tolerate、consume等核心词汇及相关短语的词义与用法；能在语境中辨析易混词，并在口语与书面表达中准确运用 □基础达标 □能力提升 □素养拓展 语法填空词义辨析、完形填空固定搭配、写作话题词汇运用、短文改错词汇纠错 □未掌握 □部分掌握□完全掌握 3 直接引语和间接引语 理解并掌握直接引语和间接引语的基本用法，能规范使用该语法结构转述他人关于环境问题与环保话题的言论 吃透直接引语变间接引语的转换规则；掌握转述环保观点、科学家警告、政策说明的表达；能运用相关语法结构完成练习，提升转述准确性 □基础达标 □能力提升 □素养拓展 语法填空间接引语引导词/时态考查、阅读理解转述类长难句拆解、写作观点转述 □未掌握 □部分掌握 □完全掌握 4 环保主题语篇理解 能读懂环保科普、生态报告、新闻评论类文本，获取关键信息并理解语篇内涵，分析文本逻辑结构与作者观点 能抓取环保类文章的主旨、细节信息与作者观点；梳理说明文/议论文的逻辑结构；结合文本反思个人环保行为，理解全球协同治理的意义 □基础达标 □能力提升 □素养拓展 阅读理解主旨概括、细节查找、推理判断、七选五逻辑衔接、生态类题材阅读 □未掌握 □部分掌握□完全掌握 5 环保主题写作表达 能围绕环保话题，撰写观点明确、逻辑清晰的短文，做到观点鲜明、论据充分、语言规范 掌握环保类文章的格式与结构；围绕“个人环保”、“气候治理”、“可持续发展”等话题，阐述观点、提出建议、输出语篇 □基础达标 □能力提升 □素养拓展 高考书面表达话题写作、应用文格式规范、议论文论证逻辑、观点表达类语用 □未掌握 □部分掌握 □完全掌握 >>> 02 单元知识框架思维导图 Environmental Protection >>> 03 重难易错突破清零 重点单词 名词 graph 图；图表；曲线图 emission 排放物；散发物；排放 seal 海豹 ecology 生态；生态学 methane 甲烷；沼气 carbon 碳 dioxide 二氧化物 fossil 化石 fuel 燃料；刺激性言行 trend 趋势；趋向；动向 broadcast 广播节目；电视节目 policy 政策；方针；原则 footprint 足迹；空间量；面积 restriction 限制规定；约束 basin 流域；盆地；盆 penguin 企鹅 chaos 混乱；杂乱；紊乱 jungle 热带丛林；密林 重点单词 smog 烟雾 volume 量；体积；一卷 garbage 垃圾；废物 enterprise 公司；企业；事业 conservation 环境保护；保护 dozen 一打；十二个 regulation 章程；规章制度 disposal 去掉；清除；处理 inspection 检查；视察 campaign 运动；战役 waterway 水道；航道 agenda 议程表；议事日程 动词 starve （使）挨饿；饿死 release 排放；释放；发布 sustain 维持；遭受；承受住 restrict 限制；限定；束缚 seize 抓住；夺取；控制 reform 改革；改正；改造 重点单词 undergo 经历；经受 implement 使生效；贯彻；执行 submit 提交；呈递；屈服 originate 起源；发源；创立 restore 恢复；复原；修复 fine 处以罚款 tolerate 忍受；包容；容许 形容词 habitable 适合居住的 sustainable 可持续的；合理利用的 comprehensive 全部的；详尽的 worldwide 世界各地的；影响全球的 harmonious 和谐的 moderate 适度的；中等的；温和的 annual 每年的；一年的 tropical 热带的 nuclear 原子能的；核能的；原子核的 sensitive 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 副词 frequently 频繁地；经常 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 fossil fuel 化石燃料 dozens of 许多；大量 on behalf of 代表某人 refer to 参考；涉及；指的是；适用于 along with 沿着；连同…… 一起；与…… 一道 have an impact on 对…… 产生影响 lead to 导致；通向 deal with 处理；应对；涉及 dispose of 清除；处理（废物等） 重点短语 carry out 执行；贯彻；实施（政策、计划） seize the initiative 抓住主动权 submit...to... 把…… 提交给…… campaign for 为…… 发起运动；努力争取 restore sth. 恢复；修复（生态、环境） in effect 生效；实际上；在实施中 cause damage to 对…… 造成损害 reduce carbon footprint 减少碳足迹 take measures (to do) 采取措施（做……） keep...warm and habitable 使…温暖宜居 1. In addition, the ambitious “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country. Other initiatives, such as the “River Chief System”, hold senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution. With such campaigns in effect, China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future. 另外，“水十条”的宏伟规划则是为了治理整个国家的水污染问题。例如“河长制”这样的举措，还将减少水污染作为高级官员的责任。实际上，随着这些行动（的展开），中国的水资源正朝着洁净的、可持续发展的未来迈进。 2. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. 重点句子 毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。 3. A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. 海洋变暖、大气升温，加之冰川融化、海平面上升，这些都证明全球气候正在发生剧烈变化。 4. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. 一位研究北极熊多年的专家称，从尸体位置来看，这只北极熊似乎是饿死的。 5. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable. 重点句子 大气层中的温室气体（如甲烷和二氧化碳）困住部分热量，使地球气候温暖、适宜居住。 6. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. 如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维持生命。 7. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. 当人类燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外温室气体时，更多热量被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。 8. There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an 重点句子 increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. 确凿且全面的证据表明，气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害频发，不仅造成严重破坏，还夺走生命。 9. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. 事实上，关于极端暴雨和热浪造成人员死亡与经济损失的新闻报道屡见不鲜。 10. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. 气候科学家警告，如果不采取有效行动，变暖趋势可能会持续，我们将付出更高代价。 重点句子 11. It is our responsibility to protect the environment and ensure a sustainable future for our planet. 保护环境、为地球守护可持续的未来，是我们的责任。 12. The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. 美丽的漓江及其周边迷人风光，是中国广西壮族自治区最知名的旅游胜地之一。 13. It attracts millions of domestic and foreign visitors each year. 它每年吸引数百万国内外游客。 14. Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. 重点句子 此前，漓江水质因游客量激增而严重恶化，许多游客还频繁向江中乱扔垃圾。 15. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species. 这些化学物质引发严重水质问题，导致鱼类物种数量减少。 16. Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty. 当地官员担忧污染正在破坏自然环境，认为必须采取紧急措施恢复漓江原貌。 17. A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. 一项全面治理计划已启动，出台了一系列针对性措施。 重点句子 18. The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation. 污水处理设施的建成，改善了水质，提升了水资源保护水平。 19. With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. 有了这些措施，人们相信漓江之美将代代相传。 重点句子 1. 核心定义 （1）直接引语：直接引用他人的原话，需用引号标注 例句：She said, "I will join the environmental protection activity." （2）间接引语：用自己的话转述他人的意思，无需引号 例句：She said that she would join the environmental protection activity. 2. 核心变化规则 （1）人称变化（一随主、二随宾、三不变） 一随主：直接引语中的第一人称，随主句主语变化。 例：He said, "I will finish my homework." → He said that he would finish his homework. 单元语法：直接引语 & 间接引语 二随宾：直接引语中的第二人称，随主句宾语变化。 例：She asked me, "Can you help me?" → She asked me if I could help her. 三不变：直接引语中的第三人称，无需变化。 例：Tom said, "She is a good student." → Tom said that she was a good student. （2）时态变化（主句为过去时，从句时态 “倒退”） 一般现在时→一般过去时：He said, "I get up early." → He said that he got up early. 现在进行时→过去进行时：She said, "I am watching TV." → She said that she was watching TV. 一般将来时→过去将来时：They said, "We will go hiking." → They said that they would go hiking. 单元语法：直接引语 & 间接引语 现在完成时→过去完成时：He said, "I have seen this movie." → He said that he had seen this movie. 特殊情况：客观真理、谚语时态不变。 如：The teacher said, "The earth goes around the sun." → The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. （3）时间 / 地点 / 指示代词变化 时间词：now→then, today→that day, tomorrow→the next day, yesterday→the day before 地点词：here→there 指示代词：this→that, these→those 例：She said, "I will come here tomorrow." → She said that she would go there the next day. 单元语法：直接引语 & 间接引语 （4）句式变化 ①陈述句：加 that（可省略），语序不变。 例：He said, "English is important." → He said (that) English was important. ②一般疑问句：加 if/whether，变陈述句语序。 例：She asked, "Do you like math?" → She asked if/whether I liked math. ③特殊疑问句：保留疑问词，变陈述句语序。 例：He asked, "Where is the library?" → He asked where the library was. ④祈使句：变为 "ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do sth." 结构。 例：The teacher said to us, "Keep quiet." → The teacher told us to keep quiet. 3. 连接词的选择 单元语法：直接引语 & 间接引语 （1）直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。 He said, "I am very happy to help you." → He said (that) he was very happy to help me. （2）直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether (...or...或...or not) 或if引导。 He said, "Are you interested in English?" → He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English. 【注意】如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。 （3）直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 单元语法：直接引语 & 间接引语 "What's your name?" he asked me. → He asked me what my name was. "Where is your textbook?" the teacher asked me. → The teacher asked me where my textbook was. 【注意】疑问句的直接引语变为间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。 4. 特殊情况 （1）直接引语为客观真理、谚语时，时态不变。 例：直接：The teacher said, "Water is essential for all living things." 间接：The teacher said that water is essential for all living things. （2）直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语用 “ask/tell/order sb. to do sth.” 结构。 例：直接：The leader said to us, "Don't litter in the park." 间接：The leader told us not to litter in the park. 单元语法：直接引语 & 间接引语 （1）先明确：环境问题报告的核心定位 环境问题报告属于高中英语中典型的“事实陈述+问题分析”类正式文体，核心是客观呈现某一环境问题（如校园垃圾污染、社区空气污染、周边河流污染等）的现状，通过数据或实例支撑观点，进而分析问题成因、潜在影响，并提出可行建议。写作时需避免主观情绪化表达，全程保持客观、严谨的语气，核心目的是让读者清晰地了解环境问题的真实情况，并知晓解决方向。 结合高中常见报告类型，环境问题报告多以两种形式出现： ①调查类环境报告：先对某一具体环境问题开展调查（如“校园垃圾分类实施情况调查”“社区居民环保习惯调查”），再呈现调查结果、分析问题、提出建议； ②问题分析类环境报告：直接针对已知的环境问题（如“城市雾霾问题”“周边湖泊 写作任务：如何写与环境有关的报告 污染问题”），分析成因、影响并给出解决方案，无需调查过程，重点聚焦“问题－原因－建议”的逻辑链。 （2）写作框架（四段式，适配两种类型） ①开头段（Introduction）：明确背景、目的与核心主题 核心任务：交代报告的写作背景（环境问题的普遍性或局部紧迫性）、写作目的，以及报告聚焦的具体环境问题（如“校园垃圾污染”“社区周边河流污染”）。实用表达： 引入背景：With the improvement of people's living standards, environmental problems have attracted more and more attention... / Recently, the problem of... (e.g., garbage pollution in our school) has become increasingly prominent, which has aroused widespread concern among teachers and students. 写作任务：如何写与环境有关的报告 说明目的：The purpose of this report is to investigate and analyze the current situation of... (e.g., water pollution in the river near our community) and put forward practical suggestions. / This report presents the findings of a survey on... (e.g., students' environmental protection habits) carried out in our school. 示例开头：Recently, the problem of garbage accumulation in our school's playground and corridors has become more and more serious. To figure out the causes and find solutions, the Student Union carried out a survey among 600 students. This report presents the survey results and relevant analysis. ②主体段一（Findings/Current Situation）：客观呈现问题现状 核心任务：如果是调查类报告，需清晰地呈现调查结果（用数据支撑，分点但不用列表， 写作任务：如何写与环境有关的报告 用连接词串联）；如果是问题分析类报告，直接描述问题的具体表现（用实例或常见现象支撑）。 关键要点：避免笼统表述，尽量具体（如“30%的学生”“每天约5袋垃圾”，而非“很多学生”“大量垃圾”）。实用表达： 调查结果引入：According to the survey, about 65% of the students said they have seen garbage scattered on the playground every day. / It was found that only 20% of the respondents always classify garbage before throwing it away. 问题现状描述：In the river near our community, we can often see plastic bags, bottles and leftover food floating on the surface. What's more, the water has turned dark and emits an unpleasant smell in summer. 写作任务：如何写与环境有关的报告 连接词：First of all, Besides, What's more, In addition, Meanwhile 示例主体段一（调查类）：According to the survey, 62% of students admit that they have thrown small garbage (such as candy wrappers and paper scraps) on the ground at least once. Besides, 38% of them said that they rarely use reusable water bottles and always use disposable plastic bottles. What's more, nearly half of the students reported that some classrooms have no classified garbage bins, which makes it difficult for them to sort garbage correctly. ③主体段二（Analysis：Causes & Influences）：分析成因与影响 核心任务：针对前文呈现的环境问题，分析其产生的主要原因（如个人习惯、设施不足、宣传不够等），并简要说明该问题带来的负面影响（如影响健康、破坏生态、影响校园/社区形象等）。 写作任务：如何写与环境有关的报告 逻辑要点：原因分析要贴合高中生的生活实际（避免过于宏观的“工业污染”，多聚焦“个人行为”“校园/社区管理”等可感知的层面）；影响分析要具体，体现问题的紧迫性。实用表达： 原因引入：There are several main reasons for this environmental problem. / The main factor leading to... is that... 具体原因表达：Some students lack environmental protection awareness and don't realize the importance of protecting the environment. / The school/community has not provided enough classified garbage bins, which leads to... / The publicity of environmental protection knowledge is not in place, so many people don't know how to... 影响表达：This problem not only affects the beauty of our school/community, but also 写作任务：如何写与环境有关的报告 does harm to our health. / If the water pollution continues, it will destroy the local ecological balance and affect the lives of fish and other aquatic animals. ④结尾段（Conclusion & Recommendations）：总结+提出可行建议 核心任务：简要总结前文的核心观点（环境问题的严重性/紧迫性），然后提出具体、可操作的建议（建议对象可针对学生、学校、社区、政府等，优先选择高中生能参与或影响的层面）。 关键要点：建议不要空泛（避免“we should protect the environment”），要具体到“做什么、怎么做”。实用表达： 总结引入：In conclusion, the problem of... is quite serious and needs to be solved as soon as possible. / To sum up, the main causes of... are the lack of environmental awareness and insufficient facilities. 写作任务：如何写与环境有关的报告 建议表达：We suggest that the school community should... / Students are advised to... / It is recommended that... / We can also... 加强宣传：hold environmental protection lectures, put up posters, set up a "green campus" publicity column; 完善设施：add more classified garbage bins, set up recycling stations for plastic bottles; 个人行动：use reusable bags and water bottles, sort garbage correctly, pick up scattered garbage around; 开展活动：organize "garbage collection volunteer activities", hold environmental protection knowledge competitions. 写作任务：如何写与环境有关的报告 1. trend & tendency ①trend n. 趋势，动向 侧重社会、气候、市场等宏观客观发展走向 ②tendency n. 倾向，习性 侧重人或事物本身固有的本能偏好、行为趋向 例句：The rising temperature is a worrying trend. 气温攀升是令人担忧的发展趋势。 He has a tendency to waste water unconsciously. 他有无意识浪费水资源的习惯倾向。 易混易错词汇与短语辨析 2. restriction & limitation ①restriction n. 限制规定，约束；指人为制定规则、政策带来的外在管控 ②limitation n. 局限，短板；指事物自身先天存在的不足、无法突破的界限 例句：There are strict restrictions on factory waste discharge. 工厂废气排放有着严格的管控规定。 Old equipment has many practical limitations. 老旧设备存在诸多实际性能短板。 3. chaos & disorder ①chaos n. 混乱，纷乱；程度极强，形容局势彻底失控、毫无秩序 ②disorder n. 杂乱，凌乱；秩序被打乱，场面散乱，语气程度较轻 例句：The disaster threw the whole region into chaos. 这场灾害让整片区域陷入彻底混乱。 The river bank was in disorder after the storm. 暴风雨过后河岸一片杂乱。 易混易错词汇与短语辨析 4. garbage & waste ①garbage n. 生活垃圾，废料；日常用语，多指生活产生的垃圾废弃物 ②waste n. 废弃物，废料；正式用语，涵盖工业、生活各类废弃污染物 例句：Please classify daily garbage properly. 请做好日常生活垃圾分类。 Industrial waste severely damages ecological balance. 工业废弃物严重破坏生态平衡。 5. enterprise & company ①enterprise n. 企业，事业项目；可指规模企业，也指代大型开拓性事业工程 ②company n. 公司；泛指日常各类经营性商业机构 例句：He works in a private enterprise. 他在一家私企工作。 She works in a local foreign trade company. 她就职于一家本地外贸公司。 易混易错词汇与短语辨析 6. conservation & protection ①conservation n. 资源保护，养护；侧重自然资源合理利用、可持续性守护 ②protection n. 防护，保护；通用含义，泛指抵御伤害、全方位守护 例句：Forest conservation is vital to global climate. 森林养护对全球气候至关重要。 Laws provide solid protection for wild creatures. 法律为野生动物提供坚实庇护。 7. release & emit ①release v. 排放，释放，发布；可指排放废气液体，也可表示发布消息 ②emit v. 散发，喷出；侧重物体本源向外散发光、热、气体 例句：The factory is forbidden to release toxic smoke. 这家工厂严禁排放有毒烟气。 Cars emit a large amount of carbon dioxide. 汽车会释放出大量二氧化碳。 易混易错词汇与短语辨析 8. sustain & maintain ①sustain v. 维持，支撑；侧重维系生命、生态、长期运转存续 ②maintain v. 保持，维护；侧重稳固现有状态、维持健康与秩序 例句：Green plants sustain all life on the earth. 绿植维系着地球上所有生命。 Regular exercise helps maintain physical health. 规律运动有助于保持身体健康。 9. reform & change ①reform v. 改革，整改；针对制度、陋习纠错优化，向好革新 ②change v. 改变，变动；通用词汇，泛指一切形式的转变调整 例句：The country carries out environmental system reform. 国家推行环境体系改革。 We need to change our bad living habits. 我们需要改掉自身不良生活习惯。 易混易错词汇与短语辨析 10. comprehensive & thorough ①comprehensive adj. 全面的，详尽的；覆盖全部方面，体系完整无遗漏 ②thorough adj. 彻底的，细致的；做事深入仔细，细节处理到位 例句：They worked out a comprehensive pollution control plan. 他们制定一套全面的污染治理方案。 Workers made a thorough inspection of water quality. 工作人员对水质展开细致彻查。 11. on behalf of & stand for ①on behalf of 代表（人、团体）；指代身份出面发言、行事 ②stand for 代表，象征；指代含义、符号、理念象征意义 例句：I speak on behalf of all students in the class. 我代表全班同学发言。 Green stands for environmental protection and vitality. 绿色象征着环保与生机。 易混易错词汇与短语辨析 12. along with & as well as ①along with 连同，随同；侧重伴随并列关系，主谓一致遵循就前原则 ②as well as 以及，除… 之外；侧重补充附带，强调前者主体 例句：The teacher along with students takes part in tree planting. 老师和学生一同参与植树活动。 Water as well as air is indispensable to living things. 水和空气一样，都是生物不可或缺的。 13. have an impact on & have an effect on ①have an impact on 产生重大影响；冲击力强，带来深远长久的作用 ②have an effect on 产生实际效果；直观可见的短期作用、具体影响 例句：Climate change has a huge impact on agriculture. 气候变化对农业造成巨大深远影响。 Trees have positive effects on improving air quality. 树木对改善空气质量有着实际益处。 易混易错词汇与短语辨析 14. in effect & in fact ①in effect 生效，实际上；侧重法规政策正式实施、实际效力 ②in fact 事实上，其实；用来修正说法，揭示真实情况 例句：The new plastic ban is in effect from this month. 新版限塑令本月正式生效。 In fact, the environmental situation is still severe. 事实上，环境形势依旧严峻。 15. dozens of & a dozen ①dozens of 许多，大量；模糊数量，泛指数目众多 ②a dozen 十二个，一打；特指精准固定数量 例句：Dozens of volunteers joined the beach cleaning activity. 大批志愿者参与海滩清理活动。 She bought a dozen environmentally friendly bags. 她购买了十二个环保布袋。 易混易错词汇与短语辨析 易错 1：人称变换出错 遵循口诀：一随主，二随宾，三不变 直接引语一人称随主句主语改，二人称随主句宾语改，三人称不变化 例：He said to me, "I will protect wild animals." 误：He told me he will protect wild animals. 正：He told me he would protect wild animals. 他告诉我他会保护野生动物。 易错 2：时态倒退遗漏 主句动词为过去式，从句时态需相应后退；客观真理、永恒事实时态不变 例：She said, "Air pollution harms health." 误：She said air pollution harms health. 正：She said air pollution harmed health. 她说空气污染危害健康。 直接引语与间接引语高频易错点 易错 3：时间地点指示代词转换失误 this→that，these→those，here→there，now→then，today→that day 例：The worker said, "We deal with waste here now." 误：The worker said they deal with waste here now. 正：The worker said they dealt with waste there then. 这位工作人员说他们当时在那里处理废弃物。 易错 4：疑问句语序未改为陈述语序 一般问句用 if/whether 引导，特殊问句保留疑问词，均必须使用陈述语序 例：He asked, "How do we cut carbon emissions?" 误：He asked how did we cut carbon emissions. 正：He asked how we cut carbon emissions. 他询问我们该如何减少碳排放。 直接引语与间接引语高频易错点 易错 5：祈使句句式转换错误 直接祈使句要转为 tell/ask/order sb. (not) to do 结构，不可直接沿用原动词形式 例：The guide said, "Don't pour garbage into the river." 误：The guide said don't pour garbage into the river. 正：The guide told us not to pour garbage into the river. 导游叮嘱我们不要向河里倾倒垃圾。 易错 6：情态动词不会对应替换 can 换 could，may 换 might，will 换 would，must 换 had to 例：They said, "We can carry out environmental policies." 误：They said they can carry out environmental policies. 正：They said they could carry out environmental policies. 他们表示可以执行环保相关政策。 直接引语与间接引语高频易错点 易错 7：主句为现在时态，盲目倒退从句时态 主句谓语是一般现在、将来时，间接引语时态无需改变 例：The teacher says, "The ecosystem is fragile." 误：The teacher said the ecosystem was fragile. 正：The teacher says the ecosystem is fragile. 老师说生态系统十分脆弱。 直接引语与间接引语高频易错点 1. 题型解读 随着社会的发展，生产力的进步，人类的生活有了质的提高，但同时我们也付出了巨大的环境代价。如何保护环境是摆在人类面前的重要议题。本单元的写作有关环境问题和如何保护环境，要求学生能够就环境保护发表自己的想法。这对应新课标中“人与环境”这一主题。 在写作时，应注意以下几个方面： （1）概述目前环境的状况； （2）列出环境问题以及导致问题的原因； （3）为解决这些问题而采取的计划或措施； （4）人称以第一、第三人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主。 写作审题与答题规范 2. 高分写作关键技巧 （1）词汇精准化：使用环境相关的核心词汇，提升专业性，如：garbage pollution、water contamination、environmental awareness、classify garbage、reusable、ecological balance、volunteer activity。 （2）数据真实化：调查类报告中的数据无需绝对准确，但要合理（如20%—70%之间），避免极端数字（如99%、1%），数据能增强报告的客观性。 （3）逻辑连贯化：全程用连接词串联段落和句子，如开头用“Recently”“To figure out...”；主体段用“First of all”“Besides”“What's more”；分析原因用“Firstly...Secondly...Thirdly...”；结尾用“In conclusion”“At the same time”。 （4）语气正式化：避免口语化表达，如不用“we think”，改用“We suggest that...”；不用“a lot of”，改用“a large number of”“nearly half of”；不用“let's do”，改用“We should do”“Students are advised to do”。 写作审题与答题规范 >>> 04 情景素养考向对接 在高考英语命题中，绿色生活是紧扣人与自然和谐共生、践行五育融合育人理念、贴合生态文明教育的高频核心话题，围绕生态现状守护、低碳生活践行、全球环保共治三大育人主线，精准对标新课标对学生自然认知素养、资源节约意识、社会责任担当、跨生态文化理解的综合考查标准。命题不再局限于单一环境现象描述与基础词汇考查，而是将日常低碳起居、垃圾分类处置、绿色出行消费、生态污染治理、中外环保理念交流、清洁能源创新应用深度融合，形成生态现状认知 + 绿色习惯养成 + 全球环保担当的常态化稳定考向。 绿色生活 从内容对接来看，高考英语围绕三大核心维度系统分层设题：一是生态现状与危机认知，涵盖大气水体土壤污染、微塑料危害、极端气候、物种生存危机、植被湿地退化等现实问题，聚焦污染成因、生态危害、环境变化趋势等客观表达；二是全民绿色生活践行，聚焦节电节水、拒绝一次性用品、垃圾分类回收、低碳通勤、简约消费、杜绝粮食资源浪费等日常行为，侧重生活习惯规范、资源合理利用相关语言输出；三是多元环保治理与协同发展，融合政府环保政策推行、企业减排整改、科技治污创新、全民志愿护绿行动，兼顾本土生态治理成果与国际环保合作交流，同时涉及中外民众绿色生活差异、校园环保活动开展、自然康养价值探索等拓展内容。 在题型落点上，该主题全面覆盖高考英语全部题型：阅读理解与七选五常选用外文环保科普、全球气候调研报告、污染治理纪实、绿色科技介绍类文本，重点考查细节定 绿色生活 位抓取、段落主旨归纳、因果逻辑推导与作者价值态度判断；语法填空与短文改错多以生态保护、低碳生活、环境整治为命题语境，集中考查时态语态、非谓语动词、各类从句、词性转换、固定环保类短语搭配；应用文写作高频考查倡议书、建议信、环保活动通知、邮件交流、主题演讲稿，常见命题场景有倡导校园绿色生活、向外国友人介绍中国生态保护举措、建议改善周边环境、分享个人低碳生活方式、邀约参与植树护绿志愿活动；读后续写多围绕主动守护自然、合力治理污染、改掉浪费陋习、绿色行动带动身边人等情节铺展，传递敬畏自然、守护家园、携手共建美好环境的正向情感内核。 能力导向层面，该主题命题秉持语言运用、自然认知与价值引领三位一体考查原则：语言层面，要求熟练掌握污染治理、低碳节能、物种保护、资源循环、环保政策类核心词汇短语，灵活运用原因结果句式、建议倡议句型、对比评价句式、目的状语结构等高 绿色生活 频写作句式，适配报告、书信、演讲稿等多元文体表达；思维层面，引导学生辩证剖析人类活动与生态环境的相互影响，梳理问题 — 成因 — 举措 — 成效完整逻辑链条，客观评判不同环保方式的利弊，树立理性可持续的生活思维；育人层面，引导学生树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态观念，养成勤俭节约、低碳自律的生活品行，明晰个人环保责任，涵养家国生态情怀与人类命运共同体意识。 总体而言，高考英语 “绿色生活” 主题命题，是个人日常实践与社会生态建设、本土环保成果与国际生态视野、语言解题能力与品德价值塑造的有机统一，既检验学生文本解读、词句运用、书面表达等基础英语功底，也潜移默化渗透生态文明教育内核，全方位考查学生自然感知素养、生活自律能力与社会责任价值观，是高考英语紧扣时代发展、落实立德树人根本任务、贴合现实生活育人的经典主流命题方向。 绿色生活 How to add green tech to your home Green tech involves combining technology and science to create environmentally friendly products. The idea is by using products and services in the home to reduce energy consumption, waste, or harmful effects on the environment, we can all help the planet. ①_________ Install smart light bulbs. One quick way to reduce energy use is to switch all your light bulbs to energy-efficient versions called smart bulbs and use a virtual assistant to control them. These bulbs tend to use about 7 to 9.5 watts of power yet provide the same amount of light a 60-watt ordinary bulb offers. ②_________ Just use your phone to shut them down. 例题 ③_________ Smart plugs are a great option, too, for controlling devices like televisions, coffee makers, or almost anything that plugs into a wall socket to work. Devices like these use energy just by being plugged in, so using your phone or virtual assistant to turn the plugs on or off as needed helps stop energy drain in its tracks. Upcycle or recycle your old tech. Tech is everywhere in our homes, and when a device gets old, we tend to replace it with a newer, better, faster version. It’s okay to get the latest device, but why not reuse and repurpose the older ones? For example, you can upcycle your old computers and laptops by repurposing them into home security monitors. Got an old Android phone? ④_________ 例题 It’s not hard to start adding green tech to your home. ⑤_________ Once you start, you’ll quickly see how convenient green tech can be and how easy it is to start using it. A. Add smart plugs everywhere. B. Forgot to turn off the lights? C. Anyone can achieve it easily. D. Upcycle it into a remote control for your TV. E. Upcycle it instead of throwing it into the dust bin. F. The real difficulty is in deciding to take that first small step today. G. Below are several quick and easy ideas you can start using today. 例题 答案：①-⑤GBADF 解析：①根据前文“Green tech involves combining technology and science to create environmentally friendly products. The idea is by using products and services in the home to reduce energy consumption, waste, or harmful effects on the environment, we can all help the planet. (绿色科技是指将技术和科学相结合，创造出对环境友好的产品。这个想法是通过在家里使用产品和服务来减少能源消耗、浪费或对环境的有害影响，我们都可以帮助地球)”可知，本文的主题是介绍绿色科技，以及在家里使用绿色科技来减少能源消耗、浪费或对环境的有害影响，所以G项“Below are several quick and easy ideas you can start using today. (下面是几个快速简单的方法，你可以从今天开始使用)”承接上文，进一步提出本文主题，引出下文。故选G项。 例题 ②根据前文“These bulbs tend to use about 7 to 9.5 watts of power yet provide the same amount of light a 60-watt ordinary bulb offers. (这些灯泡往往使用7到9.5瓦的功率，却能提供与60瓦普通灯泡相同的亮度)”以及后文“Just use your phone to shut them down. (用手机关掉他们就行了)”可知，前文内容和后文无法连接，所以空处应是一个过渡句，引出下文，B项“Forgot to turn off the lights? (忘记关灯了？)”可知，下文是对此句的回答，且是介绍智能灯泡的方便，符合本段主题。故选B项。 ③分析设空，是本段小标题，应是对本段的高度概括，根据下文“Smart plugs are a great option, too, for controlling devices like televisions, coffee makers, or almost anything that plugs into a wall socket to work. Devices like these use energy just by being plugged in, so using your phone or virtual assistant to turn the plugs on or off as needed helps stop 例题 energy drain in its tracks. (智能插头也是一个很好的选择，可以用来控制电视、咖啡机或几乎任何可以插在墙上插座上工作的设备。像这样的设备只要插上电源就会消耗能量，所以使用你的手机或虚拟助手根据需要打开或关闭插头有助于阻止能量的消耗)”可知，本段主要讲述在家里使用智能插头，所以A项“Add smart plugs everywhere (到处添加智能插头)”符合本段主题，为本段小标题。故选A项。 ④根据前文“For example, you can upcycle your old computers and laptops by repurposing them into home security monitors. Got an old Android phone? (例如，你可以升级你的旧电脑和笔记本电脑，把它们改造成家庭安全监视器。你有一部旧的安卓手机吗？)”可知，此处是针对本段主题在具体举例，所以空处应是说明把旧的安卓手机升级为“什么”，D项“Upcycle it into a remote control for your TV. (将其升级为电视遥控器)”符合实际。故选D项。 例题 ⑤根据前文“It’s not hard to start adding green tech to your home. (开始在家里添加绿色科技并不难)”以及后文“Once you start, you’ll quickly see how convenient green tech can be and how easy it is to start using it. (一旦你开始使用，你很快就会发现绿色科技是多么方便，开始使用它是多么容易)”可知，F项“The real difficulty is in deciding to take that first small step today. (真正的困难在于今天决定迈出第一步)”承接上文，引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。 例题 谢谢观看 $